A4pyea411 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++4" IF COMING to NEW YORK + WHY PAY EXCESSIVE HOTEL RATES Something's the CLENDENING, 202 W

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CONTENTS FOR MAY

FRONT COVER—The Sligo, Grounds of the Washington Sanitarium. FRONTISPIECE — Silgo Bridge, Washington Sanitarium Grounds.

GENERAL ARTICLES l'age

The Nerve Garden, Alden Carver Natal 198 The Shrunken School Ground, James Frederick Rogers. M. D. 201 Mountain Climbing as an Exercise, G. H. Heald. M. D. 206 The Function of Play, Henry G. Hale 210 School Gardens, Blenisto Resat-11;Ra 213 A Frequent Cause of Rack Strain, Denis B. Derrick 217

HEALTHFUL COOKER I* 215 Menus fora Week in May. Georg, E roc nt rth

EDITORIAL ...... National Fight for Health.

AS WE SEE IT 9 23 Disease Transmission — The Spread of Infectious Diseases — Tuberculosis No Longer a Buga- boo— The Cow and Tuberculosis — Treatment of Malaria —Treatment of Pellaxra —The Effect of Coppered Foods.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Catania — Comparison of Animal and Vegetable Fats — Remedy for Alcohol or Tobacco Ad- diction — Cartilage Treatment — Food Regulation for a Child — Indigestion —Indigestion In a Child Remedy for Hemorrhoids — Headache. .

SOME BOOKS 231 • Geriatrics; the Diseases of Old Age and Their Treatment — School Janitors, Mothers, and Health — The Secret of Success for Boys and Young Men A Preface to Politi••s — The Home Nurse — Success With Hens — The Back Yard Farmer.

WHAT TO DO FIRST 233 To Abort a Felon — Erysipelas — For Tapeworm — An Antidote to Alcohol — Care of the Mouth During Illness — Measles and Scarlet Fever — To Remove Warts, etc.

NEWS NOTES 234

Entered as second-class matter May 1, 1906, at the post office at Washington, D. C., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. Published monthly by Review and Herald Publishing Assn., Washington, ,D. C. PRICES, POSTPAID Yearly subscription $1.00 Three. years $2.00 Six months (subscriptions for less than six Five years 3.00 months not accepted) .50 Five copies, one year, to one or more ad- Single cony .10 dresses 3.00 Five or more copies, mailed by publishers to fire addresses or to one address, postpaid, each .05

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VOL. XXIX No. 5 THE NATIONAL HEALTH MAGAZINE

AIM : To assist in the physical, mental, and moral uplift of humanity through the individual and the home.

George Henry Heald, M. D., Editor

4.4004.40.00.44** ***0•••• 4, 4 • e • • 44204 e 4+00*** 04440444.40040.40 WHY EXERCISE ? 2 N winter we are apt to hibernate., Driven in by the piercing O blasts, we hover around a radiator, or over a stove, or possibly occupy the air shaft of a hot-air furnace, in our efforts to shun the all too friendly embrace of the winter king. In summer we seek a shady grove, or plant ourselves before the business end of a motor fan ; or, if more fortunate, we forget 2 4 for the time, in a near-by bathing pool, the persistent attempts of the sun to scrape an acquaintance. But in spring, coaxed or driven outdoors, we ought, now at least, to make amends for the inertia of the rest of the year. But there comes another excuse; spring fever, which means that we have continued to 2 stoke our body furnaces for winter weather when there was not enough cold to stimulate the fires to burn brightly, and the furnace is getting clogged. Now if we give in to that spring fever, and attempt to correct 0 it by drugs, while we continue to shirk, we may have a serious time of 2 it; but if we lighten the fuel,— the food,— and exercise whether we feel like it or not, we will soon have an appetite for hard work. Try it. 2 2 FORTHCOMING ISSUES OF " LIFE 2 AND HEALTH " JUNE — The Tobacco Habit. Every one of your tobacco-using neighbors should have a copy. JULY — A Children's number, a copy of which should be in every family where there are children. I AUGUST — A Temperance number,— facts, figures, cartoons, showing the evils of the liquor habit and the curse of the liquor traffic. Io Good ammunition. 4 SEPTEMBER — A Vacation number.

If you are not a subscriber, send twenty-five cents, coin or stamps, for these four numbers; or if you are a subscriber, you can have these four numbers sent to a friend for twenty-five cents. I c *40.0...... +44440444404440.440 oe~000000000040®0®4. o®m0000000mc. 197 NERVE k? APIDEN

DIM eigR VER 1YA Up s d'" •1. .7‘. rJ, ‘17-, Jr.11A-, 4? -

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T was not a beautiful garden. subjected to various treatments — elec- it was not even moderately at- tric, X ray, massage, and drugs. All the tractive, but it was a very re- while she was still an invalid, and slowly markable garden for all that. but surely her flesh, her spirits., and her and it proved a source of great satisfac- money were ebbing away. tion to its mistress, who was fascinated Chancing to be at home temporarily, by her wee garden plot and exhibited it she was surprised by a visit from an old- pioudly to all of her relatives and friends. time friend. The friend brought with She would point out the tall sunflowers her a small scarlet geranium in a green in the background and the sweet peas flower pot. It was one of a great many near the woodshed. She would pause to she was cultivating in her own border. gather a few pansies from a miniature She was bubbling over with enthusiasm, pansy bed while she called attention to and graphically described her attempts at the three rose bushes near at hand. Off gardening and the results she obtained. to one side more useful plants were grow- both pleasant and otherwise.. The in- ing — lettuce, radishes, young onions, valid was inspired by her animation, and string beans, and butter turnips. Her after she was left alone with the scarlet entire garden occupied a space scarce geranium she resolved to plant the gift larger than an. ordinary veranda. in her yard as the nucleus of a garden '' It is my nerve garden," the owner for herself. That was the beginnings would remark proudly. " In this little The idea took possession of her, and she plot I have planted nervous prostration, soon abandoned herself to the pursuit of brain fag, and other serious nerve de- her newly found happiness. Her mind. rangements, together with a heap of filled 'with a definite purpose, became other physical ills. My indigestion, head- more active, her interests broadened, and aches, and lung trouble are all buried in she grew to be less aimless and indolent. different nooks here and there about this, About this time her indigestion began little garden. These flowers and herbs giving her less trouble. and she forgot and vegetables are all monuments to many of her minor ills. The outdoor air. commemorate their places of interment." the sunshine, the exercise, the new inter- When questioned, she explained just ests and environments, did the rest. what her garden actually meant to her. " Yes, it is my nerve garden," she ex- She had been a sick, nervous, worn-out plained to her husband's partner one society woman. After she " went to evening, as she proudly exhibited her pieces." she made a hobby of her ail- achievements in the diminutive back ments, and consulted an infinite number yard. " It means much to me, for I have of physicians, and was sentenced to taken the undesirable part of my life and innumerable hospitals and sanitariums. I have converted it into something beau- in these different institutions she was tiful awl useful." • GENERAL ARTICLES 199

The gentleman she addressed was nerv- life from an entirely new viewpoint, ous, irritable, and fussy, although pre- •and was better equipped for his business sumably in good health. But at the and social obligations. His nerve gar- woman's words he began a line of rapid den was only a kodak, but it took him thinking. He noted the woman before into the air and sunlight, and gave him him, and contrasted her with the nerv- new interests. So the results were the ous wreck who began the little garden.. same as if he had purchased a rake He was brought abruptly face to face and hoe instead of a camera. with his own deficiencies. And that These are two. examples of the nerve evening at his own home he resolved that garden,— the place where brain fag was he, too, would make a nerve garden. But dropped and the tension of weary nerves the strictly conventional little patch of eased. Any one can determine the par- greensward on either side of the cement ticular sort of garden that will suffice for walk before his door represented his all his own individual case. in all along the line of real estate. It The instances are rare and isolated would be worse than useless to think of where one has such complete self-mas- nerve gardening there. Nevertheless, his tery that any daily routine will not, in spirit revolted at the thought of his per- due course of time, grow monotonous petual indoor liv- a n d wearying. ing, devoid of ex- This is true, even ercise and sun- when following light. In the the line of favor- course of time he ite occupation and determined t o performing con- adopt an expedi- genial tasks. In ent to compen- such cases there sate for his lack will come times ing opportunities when the hands f o r gardening. on the dial move He got the kodak slowly and t h e habit, and learned necessary details to make use of o f employment the open air and grow irksome. sunlight, which After this point he had never be- is reached, it is fore enjoyed. He soon evident that made collections nerves are begin- of original park ning to manifest views, and ob- themselves. The tained pictures of wise person a t pleasing bits of this juncture will scenery here and ease up a trifle there about the and shift the city and in other weight somewhat people's gardens. while the bear- In an incred- ings are oiled and ibly short time due repairs made. h i ~z~ grew found This is the ex- enthusiasm t o - act time when the tally replaced his nerve garden old - time irrita- should be bility. He was She abandoned herself to the pursuit of her new- planned. The enabled to look at found happiness. gardening is eas- 200 LIFE AND HEALTH

ier and more pleasant and is more The idea of a nerve garden would cure effective than when one waits until many a case of nerve trouble that now there is a diseased body to throw into the baffles the skill of conscientious physi- scheme and a lagging spirit begins the cians. Nervousness may be transformed diversion. Actual gardening is the best, from a curse into a blessing; for nerv- no doubt, if only a scarlet geranium is ousness is like an electric current ; under planted in a green flower pot. There is proper control, it will prompt purposeful something in the feel of the eartli that action; without control, havoc results. gives one renewed grit. However, it If there are wrong connections in your would be best to place the flower pot social, domestic, or personal activities, if. outdoors, if possible. Both the geranium now and then, you find a live wire down. and its owner will be better off in the or discover that your lines are getting open air. But if actual gardening on crossed, try to get out into the open. into even a humble scale is utterly impossible, a nerve garden; and devise some way of something else must be made to substi- readjusting your entire system of wiring. tute for the nerve garden. if necessary. Some have made nerve Fortunate indeed is the person who gardens in spite of incredible odds. has a hobby when the nerves begin to They have successfully planted their vibrate discordantly. The unfortunate nerves in art, science, philanthropy. or office employee who feels the first sting athletics. When life begins to pall On of an overwrought nerve may cultivate you, when trifles annoy you, and human- a hobby — become a baseball fan, per- ity, individually or collectively, irritates haps, and find in the baseball park a you, get into a nerve garden of some nerve garden 'shaped like a diamond. sort just as quickly as possible. The housewife can make a real live " Friend, all the world's a little queer. garden, or raise mushrooms, or grow except thee and me ; and sometimes I chickens, or walk in the park, or dress think thee a trifle peculiar." When you dolls for her babies — anything in the reach this stage, you would better shut line of pleasing diversion will answer the down the dynamos entirely and stop all purpose. Something different from the the engines. It will take your utmost of regular routine and ordinary, wearying, time and attention in a nerve garden to everyday duties is all that is necessary. get back to normal again. Become so A new line of activity for recreation will full of health and strength and hope and rout even obstinate nervous difficulties. courage that life will seem good to you Some one has said: " Rest is not idleness. once more and the earth a worth-while and to lie sometimes on the grass under planet. the trees on a summer day, listening to the murmur of water, or watching the " Diving and finding no pearl in the sea. clouds float across the sky. is by no Blame not the ocean : the fault i• in means a waste of time." thee! THE SHRUNKEN

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HE most anomalous and pa- of terms, and, since it takes planning, thetic sight for gods or man teaching, and urging to secure play, ac- that has exhibited itself on this cording to old definitions play has ap- supposedly progressive sphere, parently become work. which we like to call ours, is the move- There are sundry theories of play, for ment to encourage, promote, or even it has become of moment to theorize over force bodily play among children. what formerly was .taken for granted as The young of all animals take to play a living fact. Of these theories perhaps almost from birth, and the word play is the most widely accepted would read synonymous with that which gets itself something like this — that play is due to done not only without urging, but spon- the bubbling over of superabundant nerv- taneously and with pleasure. To its an- ous and muscular energy along lines of tithesis, work, both young and old need ancient ancestral activities. After a good driving, at any rate until that work met- meal and a sound sleep the nerve cells of amorphoses itself into play. Pn our pres- a healthy animal become so filled with ent age there may seem to be a confusion energy that this overflows into the mus-

Country school, " all outdoors " for playground, and husky children who attend.

201 202 LIFE AND HEALTH

•• ...••••

Photo by Brooks This village school in Malta, Ohio, has abundant space for play. All the vacant ground belongs to the school. Iles with which they communicate, and well-fed child of nature, to give opportu- these, being also primed with explosives, nity for still further filling of nerve and go off with the least cause. This dis- muscle in the next period of rest. Use charge of force naturally follows those is followed by growth in size and nerve channels which from long practice strength. have been worn most smooth and deep, We call play instinctive, whether in and it results in those most important the child or animal. We are told nowa- movements used in securing food or in days that many man cubs do not know combating and escaping foes. To the how to play — must be taught how to playing dog an old shoe becomes a rat, play. Has instinct in these been out- to be seized and tossed about with as grown? — Surely not. The machinery much vim as if it were the real prey. for play must be born in each child, for In children or adults who play there is we have not outgrown the old methods the same bubbling over of energy and the of nerve wiring of the body — it was too exercise of senses and limbs with the long used to be so easily dispensed with. same subconscious purpose. The play of The machinery being intact, there must tossing a ball is only the practice of hurl- be wanting the energy to run it, and if ing an idealized weapon, and the stick the energy is lacking (and this is most with which the ball is batted is nothing apparent), there must be either insuffi- more nor less than a glorified war club cient food; an inherited inability to adapt of our primitive fathers. The playing the food to its nervous and muscular pur- child is as like his ancestors of the stone poses; an insufficient time for rest; its age as two peas. The discharge and energies must be drawn into some unu- seeming waste of energy serve, in the sual channels, allowing none for the old GENERAL ARTICLES 203

Space for play, equ'al to floor space of two schoolrooms, in rear inclosed between walls of building on three sides, and paved with cobblestones. •

instinctive movements ; or, finally, there a minimum of energy from its food; is no place, no room for play. Doubt- and if it stores sufficient energy for play, less all of these conditions may severally that play is brief and ineffectual for bod- or in combination produce the phenom- ily or mental development. With small enon of the playless child. nerve cells and muscles, the results in The child may not be sufficiently fed; spontaneous outburst are more likely to but this, save in the first two years of be the spasmodic and indefinite responses life, is, in our country, of comparatively of nervous irritability, of pushing and rare occurrence. Frqm crowding into pulling, of scratching and biting, rather city tenements, from working—in facto- than the prolonged and complicated ex- ries, or other causes, the increasing in- pression of the normal instinct for play. ability of mothers to nurse their children Some children who would play have handicaps many a child for life, through their energies too constantly drained into poor nutrition in its earliest months. other channels — studying school lessons Give a child proper food in its first year at home, even at night when they should or two, and it will usually get ample be in bed, the practice of music, or in food afterwards for all purposes. the work of a factory. There may be It is among children of the better moving pictures or other distractions to do, of the " successful," whatever that which add to the disquiet and unrest of word may mean, that the second cause many modern homes. is most apt to operate. The parents, so The most apparent and therefore first exhausted by the intensity and prolonga- to be noted causes of _playlessness is the tion of effort they have made in securing lack of opportunity. Even the child bub- place and prestige (an effort too often bling with energy must have some place involving a suppression in themselves of larger than a chimney corner for bodily any desire for recreation, or even for play, and will be stunted in his bodily sufficient rest), have transmitted to their and mental development if the opportu- pale and puny offspring a weakened ma- nity is not to be found. The country still chinery which cannot derive more than affords ample room both at home and at 204 LIFE AND HEALTH

City school with lawn next to streets. Narrow space for play, between school and house on right, paved with asphalt. school for the ebullition of effervescent play a waste of precious time and energy, spirits. There has never been any com- and the playground as a waste of valu- plaint that the child of the rural district able land and money. Bethinking them- could not or did not play. What is more, selves, however, on seeing the child pale it is these playing children from the and drooping, that something was amiss, country who later in life take charge of it was conceived that while there was lit- the political, business, and professional tle play there was not sufficient work, activities of the city. and a system of made-to-order exercises It is in our cities and Our citified towns was devised — a thrusting of dumb-bells that the play instinct has limited space to (if they could only speak!) and a swing- assert itself, and where, once discour- ing of Indian clubs (would an Indian aged, it becomes aborted. The half of deign to touch one?) within the chill the street in front of the tenement must walls of the basement of the school- still serve for most city children, though house, was devised to correct the evil. lacking in freedom of space, in turf, pure Better than nothing to give ailing muscles air, abundant sunlight, and in running a chance to do something, but quite fail- brooks. The surroundings are not very ing to hit the nail on the head. Finally, suggestive accompaniments to such play it was discovered that the trouble lay in instinct as we have inherited. the need for play, but as only adults are It may be worse in that congested edu- supposed to know anything, it was con- cational tenement — the public school. sidered necessary that the child be taught The public school building has been how to play. Now things taught are too planned by adults whose chief aim goes often nauseating to the L 1 , and we by the sweet-sounding name of economy. in danger of making play nauseating by Lacking sympathy with the child, forget- too much supervision. ful of their own childhood, they have But, " personally conducted " or other- made a mess of it. They have mistaken wise, the child at play must have room, the head of the child for its whole; have and our modern adult play advocates find considered its brain as independent of its that the room has disappeared. Whereas belly. They have too often considered the village school was inconspicuous in GENERAL ARTICLES 205 comparison with its yard for play, in the realize it, outgrow opportunities for res- city it is hard to find the playground for ervation of space for recreation. But the building. The resultant effect of this playgrounds, and good big ones, in con- change of relations upon the pupil is nection with school buildings, must be of shown by the accompanying cubist even more importance than playgrounds sketch. The body of the child has elsewhere, and it has as yet entered too shrunk with the shrinking of the yard. little into the imagination of school The artist has boards that

perhaps erred in PLAYP)GROUND, PAVED, there is lack of making the child SCHOOL- economy in ROOM 0 of the shrunken ROOM ROOM cramped room 1=1 0 school yard s o 2 or no room for 2 ROOM ROOM very erect. The PLAYGROUND FOR play. 25 CHILDREN head in either ROOM ROOM We might do example is large more than fur- enough, but the LAWN LAWN nish opportu- size of the brain RURAL SCHOOL CITY SCHOOL nity, though has little to do with that is the main thing. the working power We might, as adults, of the person to 15/ do a little more playing whom i t belongs. ourselves, as example The largest a n d to the younger genera- most complicated tion. We need it sad- engine is powerless ly, and when they without the boiler grow up, they as which develops adults will also need it. steam for it. It is It is needful that the not to be wondered mechanic w ith his at that the severe eight-hour d a y have and persistent men- some valuable way of tal work of the city spending his leisure, is done by brains im- and what more so than ported f r om the in healthful play? 0 country, really the PRODUCT 0, RURAL SCHOOL PRODUCT 0, CITY SCHOOL The school product o f ample ground as well as school grounds and play time, for the the building should be a social and recre- district school boasts no such splendid ation center. machinery " with all the modern improve- We are late in discovering that play is ments " for broadening the mind as does a good thing, and that opportunity for the city school. The educational proc- play has been too much crowded out esses of the latter are superb, save that of our cities through stupidity and the they largely miss this main point. hugging of the almighty dollar. The The movement for playgrounds has malady resulting from this stifling of in- arrived late,— like the doctor who ar- stinct — the lowering of vitality — can rives after the disease is contracted,— only be cured by removing the conditions but from its very lateness it cannot be which have brought it about. The sooner urged forward too vigorously, especially the conditions are corrected, the earlier in smaller cities, which may, before they the cure will be effected. .•••••:,

' 7

t e . _ - OUNTAIII IMBING- as anEXEPCISt 1-/Euo, MD

HE Germans are a church den was planned, established, and suc- people; that is, they have cessfully administered the most enor- the buildings and the eccle- mous, the most complete hygienic expo- siastical organizations ; but sition this world has ever seen; and they more often than not, at the time of serv- still maintain the essential part of the ice, the edifices of worship are practically great exhibit as a permanent museum. empty. The Ger- The people of mans believe Dresden believe thoroughly i n in health, and the Sunday, but they administration of also believe in the city shows it. fresh air and ex- Not only do ercise, and their t h e people of best opportunity Dresden believe to get these is on in health meas- Sunday ; and, ures, including somehow, to the outdoor life, these people the but the city is inside of a large especially favored building, replete with means for though it may be the exercise of with hallowed as- the outdoor in- sociations, does stinct. Along both not make a good banks of the substitute for ox- river for a con- ygenation. siderable distance Dresden IS is a series of beautifully situ- baths, which ated on the Elbe, would make some a clean, healthful of our attempts city. That t h e in that direction people believe in appear laughable. health is e v i - And convenient denced b y the to the city and fact that in Dres- FELSENTOR, BOHEMIAN SWITZERLAND reached by nu- 206 GENERAL ARTICLES 207 merous small steamers and by rail is never lose his way, though he may be Saxon Switzerland, a region second only traveling amidst the most rugged scenery. to the great Alpine region in interest, and By means of a Baedeker, the writer, affording far more convenient recrea- though he knew scarcely a word of Ger- tion to hundreds of city dwellers. man, had no difficulty in finding his way. In Saxon Switzerland — or Bohemian

"COME ON, THE VIEW IS FINE!" REQUIRES BOTH NERVE AND MUSCLE

Switzerland, for the region lies both in But there are those who are not con- Germany and in Austria — nature has tent with the moderate exercise of walk- sculptured out hundreds of perpendicular ing. Armed with rope and staff, these crags and gorges; and it is here that scale the various rocky steeps, some of many of the people of Dresden and vi- which, being comparatively easy of as- cinity take their six- or eight- or ten-mile cent, are attempted by the novice ; others or longer walks, according to their am- require the limit of nerve, skill, and bition and strength. The country is so strength for their ascent, and only the well mapped out, and so well laid out most experienced mountain climbers at- with paths and guide signs that one need tempt it. 208 LIFE AND HEALTH

Any one who thinks he might like On one point the hygiene of this peo- mountain climbing may try it by throw- ple fails; but, as one has said, " If one is ing a rope up over the roof of his house hygienic even in spots, it will help to until it catches over the chimney or other lengthen life." The hygienic spots of projection, and hauling himself up hand this people consist chiefly in their out- over hand. When he has ascended in door life and vigorous exercise. It must this way for about twenty feet, and prob- be admitted that they use a large quan- ably less, he will have all he wants. tity of beer and tobacco; and some of

RATHEN, Sgehs. Schweiz Kletterer am Talw5chter Kletterpartie an der Wehinattel Atiktk,g im Pfenerweg Yiells. Schweiz

IT'S WORTH THE EFFORT A RATHER STEEP STAIRWAY

There is perhaps no exercise calling for the most picturesque of their mountain more strenuous use of the muscles than resorts, as that of Prebischtor, have their mountain climbing, and none that, prop- beauty marred by great beer halls and erly done, is more invigorating. Not the open-air tables. One would have pre- least factor in this invigoration is the ferred to see this great natural bridge satisfaction of having accomplished— unmarred by the hand of man. The cus- something difficult. tom of the walkers, or of many of them, The illustrations accompanying this is to make convenient walks from one article are not faked, as some might beer hall resort to another,— and every think who have not been in the region one of the most charming spots has its where they indulge in such exercise, but beer hall,— and water is not thought of they represent the work being done as a as a quencher of thirst. regular thing in Saxon and Bohemian But even in Germany there is a reac- Switzerland. tion against the heavy consumption of GENERAL ARTICLES 209 beer, and the emperor himself has real- Park, where one will find spots in which ized that if he is to have an efficient fight- he might imagine himself in the wilds ing army and maintain his place among a hundred miles from a city; San Fran- the strong powers of Europe, he must cisco, its Golden Gate Park, its ocean discourage the habit of beer drinking. beach, and many other walks. If we do He is sensible. not have the opportunity for mountain In America there is opportunity at climbing, can we not at least revive that least for walking, if we but had the fash- most ancient, most respectable, and most ion of it. The city of Washington has beneficial mode of exercise — walking? its Rock Creek Park, with miles of beau- Or has the motor car taken out all taste tiful walks, surrounded by nature in all for anything so slow as walking? Or do its wildness;' Philadelphia has its Fair- we lack the incentive of the German mount Park ; New York, its Central walks — a beer hall every two miles?

PREBISCHTOR, A WONDERFUL NATURAL BRIDGE IN SAXON SWITZERLAND The bridge is in a spur at right angles to the main ridge, which is to the left. From the flagstaff in the upper right-hand corner there is a sheer drop into a deep valley. Note below the path and the tunnel through the spur. To the left is the ubiquitous beer hall, which has been made an integral part of all nature's attractions in this region. CTION • LAY HEWRY GYRE • ,„ "'"•'` :.*

the best-conducted schools now extant. What the child is intensely interested OW often does the grown-up, in, what he concentrates his attention on, forgetting his own early years, that is what is affecting the gradual bewail the degeneracy of the change in his brain cells, nerves, and children of the present genera- muscles, that we call education. Johnny tions, because, forsooth, they tire so eas- goes through the arithmetic lesson as a ily when they have a task assigned, but task, as something foreign, in which his are frisky as kittens the moment they get main interest is, perhaps, to avoid pun- out to play. Of course " things were ishment; but on the playground he finds different when we were boys "— accord- something to enlist his interest and en- ing to our treach- ergies, something erous memories. into which he can The fact is, the throw his whole normal child is life. If that some- more interested thing can be so in play than in directed as to•de- work. This develop his man- sire for play is hood, his sense instinctive. Play of fairness, his is one of the most generosity, h i s potent of educa- sense of percep- tive factors, and tion, his capacity we are just begin- to overcome diffi- ning to appreciate culties, his ability it, to that extent to give and take that we are now and be a normal learning that a fellow among his well - conducted fellows, h e i s playground is a learning what far better means that arithmetic of education — lesson and that physical, mental, spelling lesson and moral — than can never give a n indifferently him. conducted school. When I was a In fact, I am not boy, it was drilled sure but it ranks into me that edu- right alongside of CROcUET cation makes the 210 GENERAL ARTICLES 211 difference between the successful man York City, in " Games for the Play- and the unsuccessful man. Only get ed- ground, Home, School, and Gymna- ucation, and your *success is assured. I sium : " 1— learned later that success is a matter of " Games have a positive educational influ- education, not in the sense of book learn- ence that no one can appreciate who has not ing, but of character building, the form- observed their effects. Children who are slow, ing of what we call personality. Many a dull, and lethargic; who observe but little of what goes on around them; who react slowly man with far less than a grammar-grade to external stimuli ; who are, in short, slow schooling has made a splendid success, to see, to hear, to observe, to think, and to do, and many a college graduate has made a may be completely transformed in these ways by the playing of games. The sense percep- dismal failure. Book learning of itself tions are quickened : a player comes to see is not education. more quickly that the ball is coming But what one toward him; that gets on the play- he is in danger of ground may be being tagged ; that it is his turn; he education of the hears the footsteps highest sort. behind him, or his As is known, name or number called; he feels the the young of touch on the shoul- nearly all animals der; or in innumerable other ways is play instinctively. aroused t o quick It is this play— and direct recogni- the kitten with tion of, and re- sponse t o, things the ball of twine, that go on around the puppy with him. The clumsy, the old shoe -L.- awkward body becomes agile and ex- that develops pert : the child who muscles and tumbles down today will not tumble nerves, strength down next week; and skill, and pre- he runs more fleet- pares the young ly, dodges with more agility, plays animal for t h e more expertly in more serious every way, showing thereby a neuro- work of its after muscular develop- life. ment. An accompany- Victor Peter, sculptor, Museum, Luxembourg, Paris " The social de- CUBS PLAYING velopment through i n g illustration games is fully as shows a statue of cubs playing. These important and as pronounced. Many children, little fellows go through the motions whether because of lonely conditions at home, or through some personal peculiarity, do not which are to stand them in good stead possess the power readily and pleasantly to later, when life will depend on how well cooperate with others. Many of their elders Mr. Bear can handle himself in an emer- lack this facility also, and there is scarcely anything that can place one at a greater dis- gency. advantage in business or society, or in any of In the same way, with youth of the hu- the relations of life. The author has known case after case of peculiar, unsocial, even dis- man species, the desire for play is in- liked children, who have come into a new stinctive, and it is as important that this power of cooperation and have become popu- instinct be met as with the young of lar with their playmates through the influence of games. The timid, shrinking child learns other species. to take his turn with others ; the bold, selfish I cannot better finish this article than child learns that he may not monopolize op- by quoting the language of Jessie H. portunities; the unappreciated child gains self- Bancroft, assistant director of physical respect and the respect of others through some

training in the public schools of New 1 The Macmillan Company, New York. 212 LIFE AND HEALTH

particular skill that makes him a desired part- balanced with this inhibitive power. One real- ner or a respected opponent. He learns to izes in this way the 'force of Matthew Ar- take defeat without discouragement, and to nold's definition of character as a completely win without undue elation. In these and in fashioned will.' many other ways are the dormant powers for " There is no agency that can so effectively social cooperation developed, reaching the and naturally develop power of inhibition as highest point at last games. In those of in the team games very little children where self is subor- there are very few, dinated to the inter- if any, restrictions; ests of the team, but as players grow and cooperation is older, more a n d the very life of the more rules and reg- game. ulations appear, re- " Most important quiring greater and of all, however, in greater self-control the training that — such as not play- comes through ing out of one's games, is the devel- turn; not starting opment of will. The over the line in a volitional aspect of rice until the proper the will and its signal ; aiming de- power of endurance liberately with the are plainly seen to ball instead o f grow in power of throwing wildly or initiative; in cour- at haphazard ; until, age to give 'dares' again, at the ado- and to take risks; B.Anan.4 lescent age, the in determination to s highly organized capture a n oppo- team games a n d nent, to make a contests are goal, or to win the reached, with their game. But prob- r prescribed modes of ably the most valu- play and elaborate able training of all A restrictions a n d is that of inhibition fouls. There could — that power for not be in the expe- restraint and self- rience of either boy control which is the or girl a more live highest aspect of the opportunity than in will and the latest these advanced to develop. T h e games for acquir- little child entering ing the power of the primary school inhibitory control, has very little of or a more real ex- this power of inhibi- TENNIS perience in which tion. To see a thing to exercise it. To he would like is to try to get it ; to want to do be able, in the emotional excitement of an in- a thing is to do it; he acts impulsively; he tense game or a close contest, to observe rules does not possess the power to restrain move- and regulations, to choose under such circum- ment and to deliberate. A large part-of the stances between fair and unfair means, and to difficulty of the training of children at home act on the choice, is to have more than a mere and at school lies in the fact that this power knowledge of right and wrong. It is to have of the will for restraint and self-control is the trained power and habit of acting on undeveloped. So-called ' willfulness' is a will such knowledge,— a power and habit that in which the volitional power has not yet been mean immeasurably for character." GENERAL ARTICLES 213

Mrs. Henry Parsons in her work of love.

SCHOOL GARDENS

Bienisto Resanigita

O capable observer will be dis- the zest and enthusiasm of play. A posed to deny that play is the school garden, rightly conducted, is such normal activity and the con- an activity. genial atmosphere of the nor- It would seem that the school-garden mal chi d. Whatever else in life may in- idea originated in France, for in 1880 terest the little one, nothing seems to that government started a system of take the place of play; and the adults school gardens, " not to teach the busi- who make a success in life are those who ness of farming, but to inspire a love for continue to play, who enter their work the country and to develop the natural with the same enthusiasm with which tendencies of children to become inter- the boy enters the game, and who " play ested in flowers, birds, etc." But, not- the game " for all it is worth. withstanding this beautiful and practical After all, it is not the muscular exer- ideal, as stated in the law, the French tion which constitutes work a drudgery ; school gardens were principally for the a prisoner much prefers work, even use of teachers until 1902, since which strenuous work, to confinement in a cell. time gardens for the children have been The more we are interested in an occu- attached to the rural schools. In 1903 pation, no matter how vigorous it may school gardens were started in England, be, the more it partakes of the nature of largely by private philanthropy, but the play. And there are activities which in- work was taken up later by the depart- volve a fair portion of vigorous exercise, ment of education, and 8,3oo pupils were into which children may enter with all having garden instruction in 600 day 214 LIFE AND HEALTH

The children also love the work. It is play for them.

The youthful gardeners are straightening their plats. GENERAL ARTICLES 215

The boys are intently criticizing one another's work. schools in 1908, and the work is on the Few persons realize that a child's backache, flushed face, and unnaturally bright eyes are increase in that country, and the school- to be considered seriously. The healthy child garden idea is spreading to other coun- is never lazy. It may have its likes and dis- tries. likes regarding certain kinds of occupation, but it is generally prone to perpetual motion, But doubtless the real founder of and oftentimes its occupations must be school gardens for children was Mrs. planned in order to keep it from too intense Henry Parsons, who began in about 1900 a strain. " A properly conducted children's garden, her effort, in the belief that children are by its very method of spading, planting, mark- willing and anxious to work. The illus- ing the plots, hoeing, raking, weeding, water- trations for this article, all of which were ing, develops every part of the body, straight- ens the back, broadens the chest, and encour- furnished to the writer by Mrs. Parsons, ages deep breathing, without any verbal sug- show that the child may be as enthu- gestion that it is wise and best for the child's siastic with the hoe and watering pot as health that it should do these things." he is with marbles, volley ball, or skates. She says of the De Witt Clinton Park Mrs. Parsons also believed, and dem- school garden, a plot of ground 135 x 250 onstrated, that such virtues as private feet in size, pictures of which are shown care of public property, economy, hon- in connection with this article, that esty, application, concentration, self-gov- " there is more happiness to the square ernment, civic pride, justice, the dignity inch in this piece of ground than any- of labor, and the love of nature may be where else in the world." This may taught in the school garden. She also seem to be rather an enthusiastic state- demonstrated that the school garden is ment, but the pictures appear to bear her one of the best preventives of tubercu- out. Of the thousands of children and losis, and that it may even cure tubercu- adults who have had the benefits of these losis that has not made too serious in- gardens, quite a large number have been roads on the body. She says : — crippled children. " The excitement of games or mechanical The movement inaugurated by Mrs. apparatus will often lead children and adults Parsons — for the real children's gar- far beyond their physical endurance. Manual labor, when not compulsory, never does. . . . dens in Europe came after hers — has 216 LIFE AND HEALTH grown until now there are such school the school garden properly conducted gardens all over the United States and makes for better health, higher efficiency, our island possessions. greater intelligence, a more industrious The school garden is not necessarily a spirit, a love for the beautiful, and a ten-acre lot, or even a one-acre lot; it strong civic pride. The school garden is, may be a window box when no other without doubt, a most important educa- opportunity offers, though the window tional factor. box does not give the advantage of the An authoritative book on the subject outdoors. In the ideal school garden, is " Among School Gardens," by M. Lou- each child has a plot which he can feel is ise Greene, M. Pd., Ph. D. (Yale), is- all his own, and where nature may teach sued for the Russell Sage Foundation by him by rewarding his care and intelli- the Charities Publication Committee, gence, and by admonishing him by loss New York. It contains references to nu- when he is careless. Here he works; here merous other books. he takes pride in making his precious Among free booklets on the subject are seedlings develop, if possible, more stur- Farmers' Bulletins, No. 218, " The dily than those of his fellows. School Garden ; " No. 134, " Planting in In some places the school gardens have Rural School Grounds." These may be developed into real social centers, and in obtained by sending a postal card request this way they have increased their use- to the Secretary of Agriculture, Wash- fulness. There can be no question that ington, D. C.

Mental as well as physical development. FPEQUrNT usz Or ACK_ STR DeLILA 46).DERRICle-'

FEW years ago a crusade was back strain and attendant nerve strain raised in some of our public due to improper positions in sitting. schools against the " cruel " " If you do not believe that sitting practice of letting little children with feet unsupported will cause a back- sit for hours in schoolrooms with the ache," said the writer, " just try sitting feet hanging midway from the floor. on a high stool with feet dangling until Physicians who had been consulted the back is aching ,painfully, then change said the habit of letting the lower limbs to a position with feet firmly planted on hang unsupported was a frequent cause terra firma, and see if it does not relieve of weak and painful back, since practi- the backache within a few hours. It is cally the same muscles which pass through more important to have a support for the the lower limbs extend up through the feet than a rest for the back. An em- back, and when these muscles become ployee with the backache is ilk" stretched or strained there is a corre- To secure the best results from the sponding strain on the back. working of the hands, the feet should be The weight of the lower limbs is a thrown out comfortably in front. If it strain on the lower portion of the back, is necessary to sit on a high stool, there which tends in time to weaken the deli- should be a foot rest at the proper height. cate vital organs in sympathy. Such In some factories there is a narrow marked stress was ,laid upon this point board placed under the high tables on that the writer remembers that in some which to rest the feet. The writer has schools little children were not permitted observed that where factory employees to sit during recitation with the feet have this provision for their comfort, hanging, but were provided with a low there is comparatively little complaint bench, which was pushed back when from the above-mentioned affliction; older pupils sat on the high bench to while in factories where no such provi- recite. sion is made, the complaints are frequent A local paper commenting on the sub- and even distressing. A cramped posi- ject stated that the habit of doubling up tion not only interferes with the work- and hanging the heels over the rung of a ing of the hands, but retards the circu- high stool did not entirely relieve the lation, and lessens the brain activity. strain, since the position is an unnatural To relieve the strain entirely while one, arid some employers in factories were leaning back in a chair, the foot rest acting in harmony with the light given should be of such a height that the lap and were providing foot supporters for may be level. If the above simple pre- their employees. It said that a number cautions were observed, there would be of the breakdowns among bookkeepers less complaint from this painful afflic- and office clerks could be traced to the tion than at present. 217

Trira COOKERY MENUS FOR A WEEK IN MAY George E. Cornforth

ARD breads, such as zwieback, lentil pulp and add sufficient hot water or part tomato juice to thin to the consistency of and one or more kinds of un- gravy. Salt to taste and heat in a double fermented bread, like rolls, boiler. Serve over slices of zwieback which sticks, and beaten biscuit, have been dipped in hot cream. should always be kept on hand so as to Grapefruit With Maple Sirup be ready for any meal, when needed, Prepare grapefruit for the table as usual by cutting into halves and removing the heart without the necessity of making them and the membranes which divide the fruit especially for that meal, and something into sections, leaving the sections. of pulp in of this kind should be on the table, place in the skin. Fill the center with maple sirup and serve, or set in the refrigerator whether mentioned on the menu or not. for a few minutes before serving. Recipes are given for those dishes on the daily menu which are marked by a Nut Cheese and Potato Pie 2} cups sliced potato superior 1. cup sliced onion To simplify the menus, omit either the cup diced nut cheese (a recipe for making nut cheese has been given in LIFE AND article in ( ) or the one in [ ]. For the HEALTH) sixth dinner, the asparagus soup may be teaspoon browned flour omitted and an asparagus sauce made 2 teaspoons oil I to I teaspoon salt for the walnut loaf. teaspoon sage, if desired Early in the forenoon put the potato and Lentil Toast onion to cook in sufficient water to cook them. Rub one cup of stewed lentils through a col- Simmer very slowly for about two hours, ander. Cook one teaspoon chopped onion and then add the nut cheese, the browned flour one teaspoon flour in two teaspoons oil till and oil, which have first been mixed together, the flour turns brown, then mix it with the the salt and sage.

First Day DINNER Cream Corn Soup Nut Cheese and Potato Pie I Spinach with Egg and Lemon Graham Bread Bavarian Cream with Jelly 1 BREAKFAST SUPPER (Wheat Meal Mush) Cream or Milk Spinach Cream Broth , Lentil Toast 1 Cottage Cheese Graham Bread Baked Potatoes --[Rye Puffs-I Washington Cream Pie 1 Grapefruit with Maple Sirup 1 Second Day SUPPER BREAKFAST Rice Griddlecakes with Maple Sirup Nut and Date Sandwiches Hashed Brown Potatoes (Blueberry Toast) Buttermilk Zwieback Graham Beaten Biscuit [Grape Jake] Canned Plums DINNER Pea Chowder (Browned Macaroni with Cream Sauce) [Brazil Nuts] Lettuce Mayonnaise Graham Bread Coconut Cream Pie 1 . 218

HEALTHFUL COOKERY 219

While the potatoes and onion are cook- to completely dissolve it. While the gelatin ing, the following crust should be in is soaking, the following should be prepared:— preparation : — Heat together in a double boiler cup milk .1- cup sugar Crust for Nut Cheese and Potato Pie Beat 2 egg yolks with Early in the forenoon set a sponge of cup sugar and cup warm milk k teaspoon salt cake yeast, dissolved in the milk Mix some of the hot milk with the yolks, 21 cups sifted pastry_flour then stir the yolks into the hot milk and cook When this sponge is light, which will be — till the mixture coats a silver spoon dipped in about two hours; add the following to make into it. Remove from the stove and strain a dough the dissolved gelatin into it. Set aside to cool. 3 tablespoons oil When warm fold into it teaspoon salt teaspoon sugar cup cream, whipped I to xi cups sifted pastry flour teaspoon vanilla Turn at once into individual molds wet with Mix thoroughly. Let rise. This should be cold water. When cold, turn out of the molds light by the time the filling for the pie is pre- and serve a teaspoon of jelly with each mold. pared. Put the filling into the pan in which the pie is to be baked. Roll out the dough The spinach cream broth for the first one-half inch thick. Cut into biscuit and plaeY the biscuit close together on top of the pie supper is made with the water in which filling. Set the pie in a warm place for the the spinach for dinner was cooked, by crust to rise. When the crust is light, bake simply adding salt and cream to season, in an oven which bakes well from the bottom. If there is more dough than is needed to cover and heating. If the broth is too strong, the pie, the rest may be baked as biscuit. it may be necessary to dilute it with Bavarian Cream water. Put one-fourth ounce gelatin to soak in Washington Cream Pie about four quarts hot (not boiling) water. Bake sponge cake in layers and use the fol- After one hour's soaking, turn through a col- lowing filling between and on top of the ander to drain off the water. Put to soak layers: — again in about four quarts hot water. In one- half hour drain and put to soak again in the Filling same quantity of fresh hot water. After fifteen minutes, turn into a colander again and si tablespoons cooking oil drain thoroughly. Put this soaked and k cup sifted flour drained gelatin into a double boiler and, with- cup sugar out the addition of any water, cook in the teaspoon vanilla double boiler till it. dissolves. After it be- A few grains salt comes partly dissolved, it may be necessary pint milk to cook it for a moment directly over the fire 2 eggs

Third Day DINNER BREAKFAST Cream Peanut Soup Stewed Kidney Beans (Puffed Wheat) Cream or Milk Baked Potatoes Asparagus on Toast Poached Egg on Toast White Bread Stewed Potatoes [White Puffs] Cornstarch Blancmange with Banana Dressing Bananas Apple Sauce SUPPER Barley Gruel' Cream Sticks (Lettuce with Lemon) Plain Buns [Prune Whip'] Fourth Day BREAKFAST SUPPER (Farina) Cream or Milk Johnnycake and Milk' Egg Gravy Toast Date Rolls Browned Potatoes [Johnnycake'] Cereal Coffee Jelly with Whipped Cream , Oranges Prune Marmalade DINNER (Kidney Bean Soup 1) [Corn Pudding] Mashed Potatoes Asparagus Salad Oatmeal Bread Rhubarb Pie'

220 LIFE AND HEALTH

Heat the oil and flour together. Stir into cup cornstarch them the milk, which has been heated with the 1-6 teaspoon salt sugar. Cook in a double boiler till thickened. Put three and one-half cups of the milk Stir some of the hot mixture into the beaten and the sugar and salt into a double boiler to eggs, then stir the eggs into the hot mixture. heat. When boiling hot, stir the cornstarch Cook two or three minutes. Then add the smooth with the one-half cup of cold milk, salt and vanilla. and stir it into the hot milk in a fine stream, Coconut Cream Pie whipping the hot milk well as the cornstarch is poured in. Allow it to cook one hour. Bake the crust for this pie on the bottom of Pour into one large mold wet with cold water an inverted pie tin, then remove the crust or into individual molds. from the bottom and put it on the inside of the plate. The crust should be pricked before A batter whip is most convenient to baking, to prevent it from blistering. whip the cornstarch into the milk with. Cream Pie Filling The long cooking of this dessert takes 2 cups rich milk away the cornstarch taste which it will cup shredded coconut have if cooked only till it is thickened. cup sugar When cold, the blancmange is ready to cup sifted flour 2 eggs serve and should be removed from the A few grains salt mold and served with cream or — Save out one-fourth cup of the milk with which to stir the flour smooth. Steep the coco- Banana Dressing nut in the remainder of the milk for one- 2 tablespoons cooking oil half hour. Strain out the coconut, pressing it i round tablespoon flour well to get out all the goodness. Measure the Heat together in a double boiler. Add milk, and if it is less than the original quan- cup hot milk. Cook till thickened. Add tity (one and three-fourths cups) add milk to it teaspoon salt make that amount and return it to the double cup sugar boiler. Add the sugar to it and reheat. When Yolks of 2 eggs boiling hot, stir into it the flour, which has Cook two minutes. Cool. Add been stirred smooth with the one-fourth cup 2 bananas rubbed through a colander cold milk. Allow the mixture to cook ten cup cream, whipped minutes. Separate the whites from the yolks of the eggs. Beat the yolks. Stir into them a Barley Gruel little of the hot milk mixture, then stir the cup pearl barley yolks into the hot mixture. Cook two min- I pt. water utes. Add the salt. Pour into the baked pt. or more of hot milk crust. Put a meringue on the pie, made of Salt the whites of the eggs and one and one-half Add one-half teaspoon salt and cook the tablespoons sugar. barley in the water in a double boiler for four Cornstarch Blancmange or five hours. Rub the barley through a colander. Add hot milk to make of proper con- qt. milk sistency for gruel. Add more salt if neces- I cup sugar sary.

Fifth Day DINNER Split Pea Soup Pulled Bread' Creamy Rice Stuffed Cherry Salad' Whole Wheat Bread Baked Indian Pudding' BREAKFAST SUPPER (Toasted Corn Flakes) Cream or Milk Blueberry Toast Creamed Nut Cheese on Toast Cottage Cheese Whole Wheat Bread Baked Potatoes [Coconut Puffs] Coffee Cake Canned Peas Sixth Day BREAKFAST SUPPER (Malt Breakfast Food) Cream or Milk Egg Sandwiches Bran Teal Steamed Eggs Cream Baked Potatoes (Shred Lettuce with French Dressing) [Whole Wheat Unfermented Rolls] Beaten Biscuit [Rhubarb Sauce'] Canned Hawaiian Pineapple DINNER Cream Asparagus Soup Walnut Loaf with Gravy Steamed Potatoes in Jackets String Beans Whole Wheat Bread Orange Jelly with Coconut Sauce' HEALTHFUL COOKERY 221

Prune Whip in which a few perforations have been made. Press the edges firmly together. Bake in a Remove the stones from stewed prunes and moderate oven. If the oven is too hot, it rub a sufficient quantity through a colander to will cause the juice to run out of the pie. make one pint of prune pulp. Add one-eighth teaspoon salt, one-fourth cup sugar, and one- The johnnycake which is left from half teaspoon vanilla. Beat two egg whites stiff (use the egg whites left from the banana breakfast the fourth day is used for dressing). Beat the prune pulp into the supper. beaten egg —whites, and continue to beat till the mixture is light and stiff. Cereal Coffee Jelly Johnnycake I pt. water A cup dry cereal coffee A recipe for johnnycake was given in A cup sugar LIFE AND HEALTH some time ago, but oz. vegetable gelatin A few grains salt we offer this as a decided improvement over the former recipe:— Prepare the vegetable gelatin as was described in the recipe for Bavarian cream. In the evening set a sponge of Simmer the coffee in the water twenty min- 2 cups lukewarm milk utes. Strain. Add water to make one pint. r cake compressed yeast dissolved in the When the gelatin is drained the third time, milk put it into the pint of coffee and cook it till 3 cups sifted bread flour lightly measured it dissolves. Strain. Add the sugar and salt. Pour into individual cups wet in cold water. In the morning add the following ingredi- If desired, a stoned date and an English wal- ents to make a dough nut meat may be dropped into each cup. egg, beaten When cold remove from the cups and serve A cup lukewarm milk with whipped cream or plain cream. cup sugar 2 teaspoons salt Baked Indian Pudding I cup half cooking oil and half crisco 2i cups corn meal In a double boiler heat qt. rich milk. Stir into it Mix well. Pour into a pan in which it will 3 round tablespoons corn meal be about three-fourths inch deep. Let rise 3 round tablespoons flour which have been not more than one-fourth inch. Bake. mixed together. The kidney bean soup for the fourth Cook, stirring, till the milk is thickened, dinner is made from the stewed kidney then add beans left the day before. cup sugar A cup cold milk Rhubarb Pie cup molasses A cup raisins If the rhubarb is young and tender, I egg, beaten having a tender skin, it will not be neces- I-6 teaspoon salt sary to peel it. teaspoon ground caraway seed, if desired Mix well. Turn into a pudding dish. Set Wash the stalks well and cut them into the dish into a pan of water in the oven, one-half inch pieces. Mix together cover, and bake three hours. At the last the cup sugar pudding may be removed from the water and 2 tablespoons flour baked with the cover off to brown the top of Mix these with the pudding slightly. Serve plain or with 2 cups of the prepared rhubarb. cream or whipped cream or with apple juice !piled down with sugar to a thick sirup, using Line a•pie tin with crust. Put the rhubarb two cups sugar to one quart of apple juice. mixture into the crust. Sprinkle a few grains salt over the pie. Cover with the top crust, (Concluded on page 228)

Sabbath DINNER Cream Pea Soup Saged Macaroni , Egg Mayonnaise Fruit Bread Stewed Figs with Whipped Cream BREAKFAST SUPPER (Cream of Wheat) Cream or Milk Molded Cream of Wheat with Bananas and Cream Cottage Cheese Dry Toast Tea Rolls Honey Raised Doughnuts Canned Raspberries EDIT MAL NATIONAL FIGHT FOR HEALTH HAVE been asked to give my idea of the national fight for health. It is rather a large subject, and yet the principles may be somewhat briefly stated. The national fight for health is a gigantic, cooperative effort in which units, varying in size from the individual to the nation, are interested, and for which they are all to a degree responsible. Let us begin with the individual and the family. There is a hygiene that pertains to the individual and a hygiene that pertains to the family, and unless both are observed, the best results cannot be obtained. One individual in the family may be careful regarding his health, but if the head of the family and the family as a whole are careless regarding sanitary requirements, the careful individual will suffer with the others as a consequence. On the other hand, in a well-regulated family where the practice of hygiene and sanitation, ventilation, plumbing, good housekeeping, etc., have their proper consideration, if some one individual exposes himself to infectious disease, or is otherwise careless, the welfare of the entire family may be compromised. For the best interest of the family and each individual, there should be some one at the head who can instruct in hygiene, and who has the authority to enforce as well as to instruct. The same relation exists between the family and the town. No matter how careful a family may be, if the authorities allow stables and flies everywhere; if they do not have a proper water and milk supply, and an adequate sewer system, the family will not do so well. On the other hand, if the town has efficient health officers and they are upheld in what they do by the community in general, so that the sanitary code is properly administered, and there is one family which is opposed to all attempts to live hygienically, that one family might endanger the whole town. • Here, again, there should be some authority which can properly instruct citizens regarding public health measures, and which, if necessary, can by force protect the town against vicious persons or careless families who would expose it to disease. We have this same relation between the town and the State. A town may be properly administered healthwise, but if the State is lax in its health•laws, the town will suffer. On the other hand, if the State has efficient health laws properly administered, and there is one town which is a back number and allows smallpox and diphtheria and other diseases to run rampant, that town will endanger the State. So, again, there should be an agency in the State which can organize and instruct the health agencies of the local communities, and which, if necessary, can take measures to protect the rest of the State in case some town or district is so backward that it will not look after its own health conditions. Taking one more step, we have the same relation between the State and the

222 EDITORIAL 223

nation. There is a certain amount of health work that is between States and which cannot be under the control of individual States, such as the regulation of interstate railways, international quarantine, and the like; such work must be under the general government. If the general government is not efficient in its work, a State, no matter how careful it may be, will not be able to protect itself entirely against the carelessness of other States or of foreign countries. On the other hand, no matter how excellent the national health organization is, if there is some State that permits yellow fever or smallpox or malaria to run rampant, it would be very difficult to keep such epidemics inside State lines ; notwithstanding all the national government might do, the near-by States and perhaps distant States would be endangered. So the national government has a duty in instructing in hygiene, and it also must exercise authority as between States and between this country and foreign countries. Thus the health question is one that concerns the individual, the family, the town, the State, and the nation. And every one of these units should cooperate in its sphere for the preservation of health; and to the extent that any one of these does not cooperate, to that extent we do not have an ideal condition of disease prevention.

Disease A FEW years ago a account of an incident that occurred in Transmission well-known tuberculosis a town in a civilized country, not a thou- specialist, having a temporary cough, and sand miles from the United States. partly to educate the people to cleanly A child just returned from a visit to habits, carried a small sputum cup, such another place, had died of diphtheria. A as are advised for the use of tuberculosis number of people had been exposed patients, and expectorated into it in the before the nature of the disease was street car. Immediately the passengers known. All contacts, so far as they were on each side of him edged away as if he known, had been inoculated with im- were a leper. Had it been a man with munizing doses of antidiphtheritic serum. actual tuberculosis, and had he spit on The question arose as to whether the the floor, they would probably have local school should be closed. All the thought nothing of it. physicians who were consulted, and the This incident, showing how irrational local health officer, gave it as their opin- people are apt to act in their attitude ion that nothing would be gained by clos- toward disease, is related to preface the ing, the opinion being expressed that un- 224 LIFE AND HEALTH less particular care were exercised in the disease would doubtless cause more in- oversight of the pupils during their play fections. there would be more danger than in the Again, it should be realized that the school, where it is customary to exercise heavy incidence and fatality of diph- care regarding common towels, concern- theria is rather under the school age, and ing drinking cups, etc. Nevertheless, the the presumption is that schools, especially school was closed for a week. There those properly conducted, do not favor were no secondary cases, which probably the transmission of diphtheria and simi- some may attribute to the fact that the lar diseases. school was closed. If swapping gum, exchanging pencils, Doubtless these same persons who using common drinking cups, common were insistent on closing the school are towels, and common basins, and other sometimes careless about allowing their measures by which persons exchange sa- children to drink out of public cups, not- liva, could be abolished from the schools, withstanding the fact that live virulent these would become, like the Canal Zone, diphtheria bacilli have been found on a mighty safe place to be. such cups. It is not impossible that the The great difficulty is to get the people little girl who met her death from diph- to drop their old prejudices. It was not theria mysteriously contracted, got it so long ago that typhoid, malaria, yellow from a public cup. fever, and practically all diseases were This instance is given to illustrate the supposed to be carried .in some myste- fact that people do not, in attempting to rious way by the air. So far as we have prevent disease, act in accordance with learned anything definite regarding dis- wisdom. eases, it is that they are not borne by Regarding diphtheria transmission, the means of air but in some other way. following from Dr. Chas. V. Chapin, su- And the presumption is that gradually perintendent of health of Providence, we will learn that the air is not an im- R. I., a man who has spent almost a portant means of transmission of any lifetime in the study of this subject, is disease, with the possible exception of worthy of consideration : — tuberculosis and anthrax. " As regards diphtheria there is also most convincing evidence that it is not air-borne, even indoors." The Spread of AMONG the laity He then goes on to relate how in va- Infectious Diseases there is a notion that rious hospitals diphtheria cases are kept infectious disease is spread in some mys- in the same ward with patients having terious manner, like a fatal miasma; that other diseases, with only a card on the coming into the presence of an infected bed cautioning the nurse to be especially person may cause the disease. At the careful. Only very rarely is there in same time they wonder why it is that such cases a transmission of the disease physicians who daily come in contact to others, and then it may be through with such diseases, usually escape. The the nurse. In one case there were 126 reason for this seeming immunity is that diphtheria cases and 13o carriers and no physicians have learned to avoid the dis- transmission to 541 other patients. In ease by being clean in their habits. Prac- Liverpool from 42 diphtheria patients tically all disease transmission is the re- there were no transmissions to 699 oth- sult of uncleanly habits; and, when we ers in the open ward. In 1,200 other come to think of it rightly, of disgusting cases there were only two infections. habits. The following from Chapin, The very rare cases of infection may in quoted in Rosenau's " Preventive Medi- such a case be better explained by the cine and Hygiene," shows how these all nurse carrying it than by the theory that too common uncleanly habits facilitate the disease is air-borne ; for an air-borne the spread of diphtheria, scarlet fever, AS WE SEE IT 225 measles, and other diseases whose germs In addition, the worker in the dairy, if incubate in the mouth, throat, and he is a diphtheria " carrier," may con- nose: — taminate the milk and spread diphtheria " Not only is the saliva made use of for a over the milk route. There are so many great variety of purposes, and numberless ar- ways that, through our uncleanly habits, ticles are for one reason or another placed in the germs may be transmitted from the mouth, but, for no reason whatever, and all unconsciously, the fingers are with great mouth to mouth, that it is fortunate in- frequency raised to the lips or the nose. Who deed for us that most of the disease can doubt that if the salivary glands secreted indigo, the fingers would not continually be germs live for only a short time outside stained a deep blue; and who can doubt that of the body. A little drying, a little ex- if the nasal and oral secretions contain the posure to sunlight, kills many of them. germs of disease, these germs will not be almost as constantly found upon the fingers? All successful commerce is reciprocal, and in this universal trade in human saliva the fingers not only bring foreign secretions to the Tuberculosis UNDER this caption mouth of their owner, but there, exchanging it No Longer for his own, distributes the latter to everything the April LIFE AND that the hand touches. This happens not a Bugaboo HEALTH had an arti- once, but scores and hundreds of times, dur- cle giving briefly the protest of Dr. Ed- ing the day's round of the individual. The cook spreads his saliva on the muffins and ward R. Baldwin, of Saranac Lake, rolls, the waitress infects the glasses and against the general fear of tuberculosis, spoons, the moistened fingers of the peddler arrange his fruit, the thumb of the milkman and ending in the statement, " The writer is in his measure, the reader moistens the is inclined to think that Baldwin's state- pages of his book, the conductor his transfer ment contains only a part truth, and it tickets, the ` lady ' the fingers of her glove. Every one is busily engaged in this distribu- would not be wise to take his propa- tion of saliva, so that the end of each day ganda too literally." The following is finds this secretion freely distributed on the the essential part of Baldwin's conclu- doors, window sills, furniture, and playthings in the home, the straps of trolley cars, the sion: — rails and counters and desks of shops and pub- " Qualify these statements as we may, it is lic buildings, and, indeed, upon everything that time for a reaction against the extreme ideas the hands of man touch. What avails it if the of infection now prevailing. There has been pathogenes do die quickly? A fresh supply is too much read into the popular literature by furnished each day. Besides the moistening health boards and lecturers that has no sound of the fingers with saliva and the use of the basis in facts, and it needs to be dropped out common drinking cup, the mouth is put to or revised. More protection for children and numberless improper uses which may result better hygiene for adults are logically de- in the spread of infection. It is used to hold manded, but beyond this the preachments pins, string, pencils, paper, and money. The about the danger of infection to adults in the lips are used to moisten the pencil, to point present state of society are without justifica- the thread for the needle, to wet postage tion from an stamps and envelopes. Children ` swap' ap- experimental standpoint." ples, cake, and lollipops, while men exchange Baldwin's purpose was right. There their pipes and women their hat pins. Some- times the mother is seen ' cleansing' the face is always a danger that the people (and of her child with her saliva-moistened hand- physicians also) will fall into one of two kerchief, and perhaps the visitor is shortly after invited to kiss the little one. errors,— either they will not take proper " Children have no instinct of cleanliness, precautions regarding tuberculosis and and their faces, hands, toys, clothing, and will unnecessarily expose well people to everything that they touch must of necessity be continually daubed with the secretions of the danger of infection, or they will have the nose and mouth. It is well known that an attack of phthisiophobia, shun the children between the ages of two and eight consumptive as if he were a leper, and years are more susceptible to scarlet fever, diphtheria, measles, and whooping cough than increase a hundredfold his already heavy at other ages, and it may be that one reason burden of trouble. Baldwin desired to for this is the great opportunity that is af- warn against this phthisiophobia, and in forded by their habits at these ages for the transfer of the secretions. Infants do not, of doing so may have led some to fly to the course, mingle freely with one another, and other extreme. older children do not come in close contact in their play, and they also begin to have a A recent issue of Public Health Re- little idea of cleanliness." ports discusses Baldwin's article, which 226 LIFE AND HEALTH

it says the public largely misconstrued, milk to man, and that sterilized and con- and quotes a statement from Baldwin densed milk is a danger to infants fed on showing that Baldwin himself believes it. At the infants' hospital, according to that exposure of adults to consumptives him, children fed on milk from cows is •not absolutely without danger, but which afterward were shown to be tu- only relatively so as compared with the berculous did not develop tuberculosis, exposure of children. and, on the other hand, infants fed on Public Health Reports then gives the condensed milk, guaranteed to be free result of some investigations by Herbert from tubercle bacilli, developed bovine G. Lampson, in Minneapolis, from which tuberculosis. Kittens fed on sterilized Lampson concluded that — milk died in a week. Mr. Mond drank milk from tuberculous cows in large " the spread of tuberculosis infection in families where open cases of tuberculosis exist is quantities and thrived on it. He calls at- greater than it is generally supposed to be. tention to the fact that those who advo- In no case where there has been definite proved exposure of a family to an open case cate sterilizing milk overlook butter, of tuberculosis, no matter what precautions which is just as likely to be contaminated have been taken, have I failed to find a spread with tubercle bacilli as milk. He be- of infection." lieves that it is the unsterilized cream or This is certainly a gloomy view, espe- the butter added to the dietary of those cially the expression, " no matter what fed on sterilized milk that saved their precautions have been taken," and would lives. indicate that tuberculosis is certainly and Possibly, Mr. Mond takes a somewhat surely infectious at close quarters irre- extreme view ; but perhaps it is necessary spective of what precautions are taken. as against the view that has held in the But, so far as the writer has seen, Lamp- past of the great danger of tuberculous son does not indicate that this secondary milk. infection in families is among the adults; Sir Almoth Wright, discussing the and, moreover, there is nothing to indi- views of Mond, stated that he had dem- cate that there is not something in the onstrated that when milk is boiled the heredity and the general method of living calcium and magnesium salts are thrown of the families studied which makes down to the bottom of the vessel, and them peculiarly susceptible to the disease. that if a drop of acid be added, the lime While we do not want under any case to salts are again dissolved. take unnecessary risks, such as to have Wright thinks we are making too a well person sleep with a victim of open much of exclusion of infection. It is tuberculosis, we want to realize that tu- impossible to exclude all chance of infec- berculosis is not so surely contagious as tion. The well-fed, well-nourished child is indicated by Lampson, else we would has powers of resistance which consti- expect that after a case of open tuber- tute its best protection, according to culosis had developed in a family, prac- Wright. tically all the rest of the family would be doomed to die of tuberculosis. I feel certain, for one, that this would be an Treatment Public Health Re- extreme view. d Malaria poi ts, Jan. 23, 1914, gives an abstract of a report in the Jour- nal of the Royal Army Medical Corps The Cow and MR. ROBERT MOND (London) in which the writer, Major Tuberculosis has made a series of F. W. Lambelle, gives his experience in investigations at his experimental farm China showing that quinine is not a spe- and also at the infants' hospital (London, cific in malaria, the relapses being fre- England) from which he concludes that quent after quinine treatment, patients tuberculosis is not conveyed by cow's returning to the hospital deaf from the AS WE SEE IT 227 quinine, ill with fever, and showing par-. avoided during the spring and summer asites in the peripheral blood. months. The sufferers do better in a He tried the method suggested by cold environment. Beard, of using the pancreatic ferments, In prescribing a diet, he prohibits corn trypsin and amylopsin, injected in careful products unless he knows that the corn dosage into the muscles of the buttock. is fresh and has undergone no heating. The ferments diffuse slowly from the tis- This, as a concession to those who be- sue, and there is some local edema for lieve in the corn theory. Aside from twelve to twenty-four hours, but very this he does not believe in a too-limited little local pain. In cerebreal cases, the regimen. When there is diarrhea, he headache vanishes, the restlessness ceases, does not advise the use of woody or the skin becomes moist, the temperature coarse vegetables. He finds that flesh falls, the patient's aspect is totally proteins are especially well borne. Sweet changed in a few hours, and he feels milk is valuable if it does not cause flat- fresh and looks bright. As a rule, a ulence and distress. He does not believe single injection is sufficient to clear the in the routine prescription of large peripheral blood of parasites. In severe amounts of milk and eggs. Fresh or ar- infections, three injections, given at in- tificially soured buttermilk is always suit- tervals of about four days, are believed able. When constipation is present, he by the author to be necessary to effect a advises oatmeal, tender vegetable purees, cure. He repeats the injections until the thoroughly baked Irish potatoes, and ce- enzyme itself causes a rise in the patient's reals with little sugar. He believes that temperature. This usually occurs with it is wise in pellagra to nourish the body the third injection. No relapses were re- to the limit. corded in cases in which the treatment He goes carefully into his method of was given in this way. medication, which I shall not reproduce; tV sit suffice it to say that it is arsenic (iron arsenite and Fowler's solution) for the Treatment DR. GEO. M. NILES, general condition, with special remedies of Pellagra of Atlanta, Ga., in for diarrhea, constipation, sore mouth, the Journal A. M. A., January 24, gives rash, etc. a somewhat hopeful view of the prog- tV !If fL nosis in pellagra, and, as a result of his experience, gives some suggestions for The Effect of THE members of the treatment. Coppered Foods referee board have He finds, in an experience covering six been making careful experiments to de- hundred cases, four classes in which " the termine the effect on animals and man prognosis should be extremely guarded," of foods colored with copper. Their that is, they are apt to end unfavorably. findings are given in the U. S. Depart- They are: Persons over fifty years of ment of Agriculture Report No. 97. The age; alcoholics; patients with marked studies were made in various laborato- mental symptoms; and those who capri- ries, some on animals, some on healthy ciously veer from one plan of treatment. young men (" poison squads "). to another. Pt would seem that in none of the ex- " On the other hand, if the patient is under periments was it determined that the fifty, and has sufficient intelligence and per- quantity of copper ordinarily taken with severance to adhere to a fixed line of treatment, and will faithfully cooperate with the .food could be definitely shown to be un- physician, a permanent cure may be expected mistakably injurious in the time covered in the majority of cases." by the experiments, which in some cases He finds that alcoholic beverages in extended over a period of three or four any amount seem to be highly detri- months. But it was shown that a certain mental, and that sunlight should be portion of the copper was retained in 228 LIFE AND HEALTH the body; and on this fact Taylor, one " when coppered vegetables are eaten with the food, a certain proportion of the copper is of the observers, remarks: — absorbed and may be temporarily deposited in "I do not believe such a retention of a the liver. Even when taken in small amounts, heavy metal can be a negligible matter even copper ingested in this way is prone to be in the complete absence of present symptoms absorbed in some degree, and thus constitutes referable thereto; the whole tenor of the phar- a menace to good health. The conclusion macology of the heavy metals is contrary to seems obvious that vegetables which have been such an interpretation. . . . Under these cir- greened with copper salts are adulterated, be- cumstances the ingestion of vegetables col- cause they contain an added or deleterious in- ored with copper constitutes a menace to gredient which may render such articles of health." food injurious to health, whether taken in large quantities or in small quantities." Long, another of the observers, believes, as a result of his work — It was also brought out that by the use of copper salts, inferior vegetables " that it may be difficult to feed enough peas can be made to appear as of better qual- — and this may be even more truly the case with certain other vegetables — to ingest cop- ity. per in amount sufficient to produce a harmful This careful work which has consumed action, as shown by clinical and metabolism observations." months has not given anything very defi- " On the other hand," he continues, " it is nite regarding the effect of the copper certainly true that copper sulphate as ingested with milk or beer through periods of some salts on the system when taken in the weeks is far from being harmless or free small quantities used in coppering vege- from easily observed effects." tables, but so far as it goes, it confirms Chittenden concludes from his work our fears that coppering vegetables is a that — process which should not be permitted.

MENUS FOR A WEEK IN MAY

(Concluded from page 221) Pulled Bread Bran Tea Take a loaf of' bread from the oven when Sift bran to remove the flour and fine par- it is about half done, and lightly pull it into ticles. Steep one cup of the sifted bran in pieces about the size of an egg. Put these one quart water for thirty minutes. Strain. ragged pieces onto a baking pan and bake Serve with cream. Bran tea contains some of them slowly till thoroughly dry and lightly the valuable mineral elements of which we are browned throughout. deprived by the use of white bread. Stuffed Cherry Salad Rhubarb Sauce Remove the stones from canned or fresh cherries and fill the cavities with pieces of any Prepare the rhubarb in the same way as it kind of nut, perhaps pecans are nicest. Place was prepared for the rhubarb pie. Put it to the stuffed cherries on a bed of lettuce leaves cook in hot water, using only enough water and put over them mayonnaise with which a to cover about one third of the rhubarb. Heat little whipped cream or plain cream has been slowly so as not to scorch, and cook till ten- mixed. der, which will require only a few minutes Orange Jelly after it begins to boil. When tender, remove from the stove and add sugar to taste. 4-5 cup orange juice 4-5 cup cold water In cooking rhubarb, as in cooking any 3 tablespoons lemon juice I oz. vegetable gelatin, cooked in i cup kind of aLid uit, found that water, after it has been prepared as less sugar is required to sweeten it if the usual by soaking and draining sugar is not cooked with it. 1 teaspoon salt 1 cup sugar The saged macaroni for Sabbath may Mix together the orange juice, cold water, be prepared the day before and warmed lemon juice, salt, and sugar, and strain into it up. It is simply boiled macaroni put the dissolved gelatin. Turn into molds wet with cold water. When cold, turn from the into peanut gravy which has been sea- molds and serve with coconut sauce. soned with sage. if

Questions accompanied by return postage will receive prompt reply by mail. It should be remembered, however, that it is impossible to diagnose or to treat disease at a distance or by mail. All serious conditions require the care of a physician kvho can examine the case in person. Such questions as are considered of general interest will be answered in this column; but as, in any case, reply in this column will be delayed, and as the query may not be considered appropriate for this column, correspondents should always inclose postage for reply.

Cataract.—" Is it advisable to operate for Cartilage Treatment.—" i. Will the cartilage cataract on a man aged seventy-two? The treatment or apparatus make one grow sight of one eye is about out, and the other taller whe% one is past the age of twenty- nearly out." three years? 2. How long does it take to It is entirely proper to operate for cataract produce results? and is it bad for the heart? at this age, unless there is some other condi- 3. Is there anything which will make the tion that is against an operation. If properly bones of a small, undersized person larger? performed, an operation will give some sight, and 2. I have no reason to think that this and without an operation the individual would treatment will make any one grow taller, no soon be sightless. Everything depends upon matter how long it is used. having a skilled operator. 3. There is nothing except disease that will make the bones of a small, undersized person Comparison of Animal and Vegetable Fats. larger. —" How do the animal and vegetable fats compare? Does not the cottonseed oil stand Food Regulation for a Child.—" Can a boy at the head of the list as to digestibility and five or seven years of age be considered his economy? and is it not less liable to become own best judge in regard to the quantity of rancid?" food he should consume at one meal? if not, how is the parent to know when to draw I know of no comparative figures showing the line, for often when it would appear that cottonseed oil is more digestible than that children have eaten all that is good for other oils. As to economy, that depends en- them, they are still hungry? I wish to train tirely on the relative price of the different oils. my boys in such a way that in their early If one sells for twenty-eight cents and another years no foundation will be laid for intem- for thirty-two cents, of course the twenty- perance in later life." eight-cent oil is more economical. Whether As a general rule a child can dispose of cottonseed oil is less likely to become rancid much more food and do it more advanta- than other oils I am not in a position to reply; geously than will seem appropriate to an older possibly individuals who are interested in the person. I think more often the mistake is manufacture of cottonseed oil have very de- made of underfeeding children than of over- cided opinions and may have published some feeding them. In our cities, and sometimes in statements. the country, children are said to be " delicate," Remedy for Alcohol or Tobacco Addiction. when, as a matter of fact, the trouble with —" Can you give me a remedy that can be them is their parents are not feeding them used openly or secretly for smoking or enough. Children should have sufficient pro- drinking?" tein food to furnish the tissues for growth. It is this, I sincerely believe, that makes the The most important essential in the cure difference between a man who is capable of for tobacco or alcohol is the desire on the doing things in this world and one who takes part of the victim to be free from it. If there a second part. Do not underfeed your boys. is no such desire, any effort on your part will I think ordinarily the child can be trusted be absolutely futile. In case the victim de- pretty well to know how much he needs to sires freedom, the best course is to put him in eat. an institution which is conducted for this pur- Of course, if you have knickknacks, candies, pose, and by that I mean a Christian insti- and a great variety, a child may be tempted tution, where the physicians realize the advan- to overeat. But with plain, substantial food tage of prayer in connection with their rem- (and by substantial food I do not mean foods edies. that are entirely carbohydrate, such as bread A new cure for the tobacco habit is to paint and potatoes, but including a sufficiency of the inside of the mouth with a solution of protein and fat) I do not think that a child nitrate of silver. will go far astray. 229 230 LIFE AND HEALTH

It is possible that the food you are giving this you will have to experiment carefully and them may be lacking in some element that is slowly, as, at this distance, I can do no more requisite to their proper nourishment. If this than guess. It is possible that soured milk one element is lacking, no matter how much or buttermilk may agree with him better than you may be feeding of other things, they may fresh milk. be overeating in order to try to get a proper quantity of that one element. Not knowing Remedy for Hemorrhoids.—" I have been anything about your method of feeding, I can- troubled for more than thirty years with not judge. I notice, however, that very often piles. I had an operation once, but the the tendency is to underfeed children in the trouble is getting worse again. I think con- matter of protein. stipation is the cause, and am required to use enemas of two or three quarts of water. Indigestion.—" I have never used meat, tea, I use whole wheat, bran, prunes, apples, etc., or coffee, but for several years my stomach but the bowels will never move without as- has given me trouble. I have been troubled sistance." with gas in my bowels. For several months So far as I know, the best and most thor- my diet has been grains and fruit. As I ough treatment for hemorrhoids is a radical crave sweet milk, I have drunk freely of it, operation. I notice that, although you use a but lately I have been having rheumatism, laxative diet, you still have great trouble with so I have stopped the use of milk. Eggs, constipation. I would suggest that you use nuts, etc., do not agree with me." one of the mineral oils, such as liquid paraffin, I am inclined to think that your trouble is taken in sufficient quantity to accomplish the too much carbohydrate, that is, too much purpose. Begin with a teaspoonful three times starch and sugar, and that it would be better a day and increase the dose until you are for you to go lighter on mushee, grains, etc., using sufficient to accomplish the purpose. and to use vegetables more freely, and to Try adding a little soapsuds to the enemas do almost entirely without fruit. Sometimes you use. fruit causes very annoying conditions in the intestines, and in some cases the patient must Headache.—" My head has been hurting for leave it alone entirely. Your difficulty may six months or more, especially when I lift, be in your mouth — loose teeth, decayed teeth, or bend down, or lie down. The pain is insufficient mastication. Until mouth condi- darting or throbbing, and hurts badly when tions are remedied one cannot hope for good I cough or sneeze. Can my kidneys have digestion. • anything to do with it?" I can only express an opinion regarding the Indigestion in a Child.—" My little boy two condition in your head. I think it has nothing years old has bad breath, poor appetite, is to do with your kidneys, and perhaps nothing constipated, and within a week pimples to do with your diet. I would suspect a con- have come on his legs from his hips to his gested condition of the membranes of the knees. I never let him eat anything but brain, which brings on the feeling you de- grains and milk, and fruit between meals. scribe whenever there is an increased pres- He is thin and irritable." sure within the brain cavity, such as would Your little boy is evidently getting the be caused in bending over or in coughing. It wrong food. I notice that you give him is, in fact, a pressure pain, for all the things nothing but grains and milk. Suppose you you speak of increase the pressure in the give him more vegetables and not so much head. You would do well to have a test made grains, and a liftle egg if he can eat it. In of your blood pressure. Ammo")'t‘ OM rt Mr •40, vox ,

Geriatrics; the Diseases of Old Age and One great trouble with the.physiology as it Their Treatment, by I. L. Nascher, M. D., has often been taught in our schools is that with an Introduction by A. Jacobi, M. D. the pupils (and perhaps the teachers) know 5o plates, 81 illustrations. $5.00 net. P. and do not Blakiston's Son & Co., publishers, Philadel- This book is first an appeal to mothers. Dr. phia. Putnam believes that mothers ought to know Is it another example of our " dollar di- that if they are determined to do so, they can plomacy" that we have an abundance of text- bring about the same careful housekeeping in books on the diseases of children and none the school that they have in their own homes. till the present one on the diseases of the The book is divided into three parts : First, aged? The baby is a prospective producer, " The Prevention of School Fatigue," which and the aged person can be only a consumer. is really practical and sensible instruction in The helplessness of the child excites our pas- child hygiene in school and out; second, sion — and admiration; the helplessness of the " Mothers' Clubs and Clean Schoolhouses," aged excites our pity—and disgust. We en- which shows how mothers can improve school joy the ignorance and the oddities of the baby; conditions; and, third, " School Janitors and we have difficulty in tolerating the ignorance Health," a most important topic, which de- and the oddities of the elderly person. The serves much more attention than it now re- child is coming; the aged are going, and, hav- ceives. ing outlived their usefulness, having neglected Intelligent communities must and will work to keep abreast of advancing ideas, having be- for the improvement of their schools along the come intensely self-centered, the quieter and lines suggested by Dr. Putnam. quicker they go, the more we that are left feel The Secret of Success for Boys and Young relieved. A heartless way to put it, but is it Men, by B. J. Kendall, M. D. Paper, 25 far from the truth — especially if the elderly cents ; cloth, 5o cents. B. J. Kendall, M. D., person is the signer of a will in which we are publisher, Geneva, Ill. interested, or if he is poor and dependent upon us? This, on the whole, is an excellent book, But this general tendency to neglect the old considering the sexual and other pitfalls which is not shared by the medical profession; phy- are a menace to the young, and should have sicians believe in saving life, and in prolong- a good effect upon young men who read it. ing it to the utmost, irrespective of the use- The author is a physician with high ideals, fulness of the patient, and they do not give up and possibly his religious viewpoint has led their efforts even when incurable disease is him to make a few statements regarding the present. But, notwithstanding this tendency physical effects of sexual error which are not of the profession, this is the first American entirely borne out by modern students of the book dealing comprehensively with the dis- subj ect. eases of the aged, and doubtless it will be The truth regarding the physical effects of welcomed by the profession. sexual vice is bad enough; but extravagant Before entering into the consideration of statements regarding the effects of sexual vice the diseases of old age, the book considers have frightened many a young man into a such topics as childhood and old age; normal condition of almost incurable hypochondria. changes, physiological and anatomical, in old The poor fellows, through their reading, ac- old age; and causes of old age. In this latter tually come into the condition that has been subject, the author gives the various theories pictured before them. My most serious task that have been propounded, and finally his with some young men has been to relieve them own. The consideration of the diseases of the of this mental handicap, produced often by aged is the completest we have in this country. quack literature, but sometimes by well-mean- The last part of the book is devoted to Home ing and conscientious authors. Care of the Aged; Institutional Care of the A plain heart-to-heart talk with the boy Aged; and Medico-Legal Relations — subjects telling him the exact truth without exagger- which should be of great interest to many who ation, and emphasizing the positive side, the are not physicians. bearing of sexual cleanliness on a splendid manhood, would, I think, do more good. In School Janitors, Mothers, and Health, by my experience the frightening process does Helen C. Putnam, B. A., M. D. American little good, and adds a mental evil to the Academy of Medicine Press, Easton, Pa. physical vice. There has been no overstate- Dr. Putnam firmly believes that health hab- ment of the effect of venereal disease. It its are better than health precepts, that no would be difficult to do that. amount of teaching—say that a toothbrush is The business maxims at the end of the book a good thing to use — is equal to the actual are most excellent. The book is clean and establishment of toothbrush habit. wholesome, and the young man who follows 231 232 LIFE AND HEALTH

its advice will be incomparably better off than It gives helpful directions for the care of the one who does not. the sick in the home and tells how to cooperate with the physician in providing for the A Preface to Politics, by Walter Lippman. comfort and cure of invalids. Full directions Mitchell Kennerley, publisher, New York for first aid to the injured are also given. and London. Technical terms are avoided, and a complete Caustic, epigrammatic, with unbounded faith index makes it possible to refer quickly to the in his own logic and contempt for the logic of desired information. the other fellow, and especially for the aver- The author lectures on nursing in one of age politician and college professor, Lippman the leading medical colleges. The instructions writes a book that will compel one to think, may therefore be depended upon as conform- for one is not likely to agree with him as he ing with the best medical knowledge and reads, and yet the challenge is there to dis- practice. prove it. Whether one agrees or disagrees, he will have to think as he reads. But there Success With Hens, by Robert Joos. is a suspicion that Lippman has been just a Forbes & Company, Chicago, 1914. $1.00. little too much influenced by such revolution- This complete guide t'o poultry raising, by ary writers as Nutzsche, Freud, Helen Key. an expert, is clear, practical, and up-to-date. The key to the book is in the chapter " The The fifty-five chapters give full directions Changing Focus," the change which we see for the hatching and brooding of chickens, in- coming over us from a government founded cubation, feeding, and housing, increasing the on precedent to a government founded on egg supply, cure of diseases, the marketing of efficiency, in which the one great object is the eggs and fowls, and everything pertaining to good of the people. I have selected almost at the care of hens. random the following paragraph as a sample Nothing is given but the best methods and of his style. The book is full of them. only those which have been proved by the ex- " If a nation's destiny were really bound up perience of successful poultry keepers. The with the politics reported in newspapers, the small and large poultry man, the beginner and impasse would be discouraging. If the im- the experienced, will find this book valuable. portant sovereignty of a country were in what is called its parliamentary life, then the day The Back Yard Farmer, by J. Willard Bolte. of Plato's philosopher kings would be far off Forbes & Company, Chicago, 1914. $1.00. indeed. Certainly nobody expects our politicians to become philosophers. When they do, The seventy-five chapters of this useful they hide the fact. And when philosophers try book give complete and reliable directions for to be politicians, they generally cease to be the best cultivation of vegetables, fruit, and philosophers. But the truth is that we over- flowers; the management of poultry and pets; estimate enormously the importance of nomi- the proper care of the lawn, vines, and shade nations, campaigns, and office holding. If we trees; and discuss everything pertaining to the are discouraged, it is because we tend to outdoors of the suburban, village, or country identify statecraft with that official govern- home. • ment which is merely one of its instruments. Some of the chapters are: " Making the Vastly overadvertised, we have mistaken an Back Yard a Garden Spot," " Back Yard Div- inflated fragment for the real political life of idends," " Making a Garden Productive," the country." " Preparing the Garden," " Why Gardens Fail," " Making the City Block Pay," " Laying The Home Nurse, by Dr. E. B. Lowry. Out Flower Beds." Forbes & Company, Chicago. $i.00. The author, who is a practical gardener and For the successful treatment of illness so an authority on the subject, was for several much depends upon nursing that any family years a member of the faculty of two State would do well to have this practical volume on agricultural colleges, and possesses the ability the bookshelf for ready reference; it would to write in a clear and entertaining style. His prove as useful and indispensable as the staple book will be treasured by every person fortu- remedies kept in every family medicine chest. nate enough to possess a garden spot.

BOOKS RECEIVED Physical Training, Junior Course. Price, 75 life saving. By E. John Solaro. The Bobbs- cents. Merrill Company, publishers, Indianapolis, ysica r • d. cents. Adopted by the British war office. A review Swedish exercises, games, swimming, diving, of these books will appear later.

To Abort a Felon Measles and Scarlet Fever COVER the end of the finger with a cloth or THE following treatment of ineasle, (and with absorbent cotton saturated with alcohol. also of scarlet fever) has been used with ex- and exclude the air by drawing over it a rub- cellent success in institutional work in Eng- ber finger cup. land, and is certainly well worth trying : The patient is first given a hot bath, then follows Erysipelas a thorough application of eucalyptus oil to the entire surface of the body, except the hands APPLY a saturated solution of Epsom salts and the part of the face around the eyes, nose. by means of a compress of fifteen to twenty and mouth (this on account of the irritating layers, large enough to extend beyond the lim- effect of the oil on the eyes), and the mouth its of the area, and cover with oil silk or is irrigated twice daily with a weak alum paraffin paper. solution, and glycerin and borax are applied to the interior of the mouth and the gums. For Tapeworm The throat and tonsils are treated with car- DR. ALLEN, in the Journal A. M. A., favors bolic oil (i to io), morning and evening, a the use of thymol for the elimination of tape- tongue depressor being used. Every day for worm. Without the use of preliminary starva- the following four days the child is blanket- tion or purgation, he has been very successful bathed morning and evening, and again rubbed in removing tapeworms by this method. He with the eucalyptus oil and the mouth and gives thymol in the usual manner, either with throat receive the same treatment as on admis- or without salts. This is a remedy, however. sion to the hospital. By attacking the mouth that should be given only with the advice and and throat, one reaches the point of concentra- under the care of a physician, as its use is tion of the virus of the disease. The main not without danger. purpose of the eucalyptus rub seems to be to get the oil inhaled into the air passages, though An Antidote to Alcohol it may also act favorably in some other way. GIVE ammonium chloride, 3o to 6o grains, To Remove Warts, etc. " with copious drafts of water to prevent gastrointestinal irritation." This treatment DIP into undiluted forty-per-cent formalde- prevents the effects of alcohol, sobers the pa- hyde a wooden toothpick, and apply to the tient quickly, and is a valuable preventive of surface of the wart, corn, callous, or mole, delirium tremens. The New York Medical every three to six hours, for two or three Times, which gives the suggestion, adds, days; or if it is desired to hasten the process, " Should the [delirium tremens] patient not the applications may be more frequent. The become quiet after taking the remedy, a bro- normal skin should not be touched by the mide or chloral hydrate may be administered." formaldehyde, and only as much of the es- charotic should be used as will completely cover the surface of the affected tissue without Care of the Mouth During Illness overflowing on to normal tissue. WHATEVER else you may do for the very The growth ordinarily should devitalize and sick patient, do not neglect 'his mouth. In ad- dry up in a few days; and when it comes off. dition to gentle but careful brushing of the the under surface should be free from blem- teeth, which can be done for the comfort and ish ; if it is not, another application or two welfare of the patient, one should spray the will secure this result. mouth and throat with an efficient mouth In extensive callouses, the application can wash. One physician, in order to overcome be made by means of a small brush for several the objection of sick children to the cleansing days, or until the parts become 'sensitive, wile • of their teeth, offered them a bribe of chewing the treatment should be discontinued, and t' gum. By this act of diplomacy the objection parts allowed to dry. Then by means of a of the child was overcome, the use of the soaking in warm water, a layer of the scarf brush permitted, and not only this, the gum skin can be rolled off, and the process of the itself must have had a certain cleansing action. formaldehyde can be repeated, until the horny The gum was destroyed each time, and a new growth is entirely removed.— R. L. Ham- piece given. mond. American Medicine. . 233

Farm Sanitation.—The U. S. Department Texas Counties Required to Build Hos- of Agriculture has issued a bulletin (No. 57) pitals.— The Texas law requires each county entitled " Water Supply, Plumbing, and Sew- having a city of ten thousand population or age Disposal for Country Homes.' The draw- over to erect a hospital for the care of con- ings and descriptions in this bulletin will prove sumptives. In all such counties separate pro- invaluable to those who are interested in im- vision must be made for cases of communi- proving the sanitary conditions of the farm. cable disease, tuberculosis, maternity cases, and for the temporary care of the insane until Massage in Nervous Disorders.— A phy- they can be sent to a State institution. .1cian (in Practitioner) states that to be successful massage should be vigorous in hys- Children or Cotton? — According to a su- teria, the severer the better; but in neuras- perintendent of one of the Texas schools, cot- thenia, all vigorous or stimulating treatments ton is a curse to Texas children. Lewis W. are injurious. Only the gentlest movements Hine explains why it is a curse, in the Survey should be used, and tender points should be of February 7. " Come out with me at treated last. He believes that the actual na- sunup," says Mr. Hine, " and watch the children ture of the movement is immaterial so long trooping into the fields, some of them kiddies as it is rhythmical. (Doubtless the " person- four or five years old, to begin the pick, pick, ality" of the masseur — his " suggestive " in- pick, drop into the bag, step forward; pick, fluence — is also an important factor.) pick, drop into the bag, step forward, six days in the week, five months in the year, under a Insurance Sanatorium Opened.— The san- relentless sun. The mere sight of their mo- atorium erected by the Metropolitan Life In- notonous repetition will tire you out long be- surance Company for the care of the tubercu- fore they stop. Their working day follows the lous among its employees, located at Mt. sun, and not until sundown will they leave the McGregor, N. Y., is open and receiving pa- fields. Ruby, aged, seven, stopped working tients. Previous to the erection of this san- long enough to say, as I stood by her, ' I atorium, the' company had some fifty of its works from sunup to sundown, an' picks employees in. other sanatoriums. When the thirty-five. pounds a day.' Imagine the num- company proposed to erect a sanatorium for ber of feathery bolls that must go into the bag its employees, the objection was made that hanging about her neck to tip the scale at the company could not legally use its funds thirty-five pounds! " What can be the result in this way, and the question has been before of such a grind but physical degeneration and the courts for some time; but the Appellate moral atrophy? It is to make animals out of Division of the New York State Supreme human beings — and all that for sordid gain. Court has finally rendered a decision that the company has the right to use its funds for this Prevention of Malaria.— Public Health purpose. Reports, February 27, gives a very excellent article which explains carefully how to keep Nurses From Fifteen Nations to Panama- mosquitoes out of the house, from which a Pacific Exposition.— More than six thousand few extracts are given herewith. Mosquitoes trained nurses, the pick of the great hospitals enter the house in search of blood. They of Europe, Asia, and the isles of the sea, will usually find entrance through defective meet in four congresses at the San Francisco screens, such' as those of 12- or ig-mesh wire, exposition, beginning in June, 19'5. The as- or corroded or torn wire screens, or the sides sociations to hold these congresses are : The of poorly fitted screens. They also enter International Association of Nurses, repre- through chimneys, drain holes, and, in fact, senting fifteen foreign nations, including Eng- any opening which is of sufficient size. Ma- land, Ireland, Germany, France, Belgium, laria-bearing mosquitoes, in particular, have Italy, and others, with Australia, China, and the faculty of finding such defects. These Cuba ; The American Nurses' Association, mosquitoes usually fly at flight or between with 22,000 members, of which Miss Genevieve sunset and sunrise. They are attracted to the Cook, of San Francisco, is president; the Na- house sy t e ig t. ey are not con en on tional League of Nurse Education, numbering finding that the entrance is closed, but seek to 12,000 members, chiefly educators and super- find any opening by which they can enter. If intendents of training institutes ; the Organiza- there is an opening large enough for them to tion of Public Health Nurses, with an equal pass through, they will probably find it. For number of members, whose labors have to do those who live in a malarious country, or a particularly with public health, tuberculosis. mosquito-infested country, this paper is worth settlement work, social service, and the like; while. It may be obtained by sending five and, finally, the California State Nurses' Asso- cents in coin (stamps not received) to the ciation. which will act the part of hostesses to Superintendent of Documents. Washington, the foreign contingent. D. C. 23.1 NEWS NOTES -)35

Radium Caution.— The London Lancet, Tango a Beautifier (?).— A Washington stating that no important facts have been re- woman warns tangoists that in a few years cently developed regarding the curability of they will suffer from flatfoot if they persist cancer by radium, finds it ." regrettable that in these new dances. medicinal men should encourage the publication of a contrary view in the lay press in To Fight Trachoma.— A number of phy- the absence of any advances that have stood sicians have united to work in connection with an adequate test of time. . . ..In many cases the United States Public Health Service, to grievous disappointment and serious financial attempt the eradication of the epidemic of embarrassment may have needlessly added to trachoma in Kentucky. the sufferings of the victims of malignant disease by the publication of ill-understood med- St. Louis Quacks Taking to the Woods. ical evidence." — Following the lead of the Chicago Tribune. the New St. Louis Star has been conducting Food Inspectors Adopt Uniform Rules. an investigation into the workings of St. — At the Spokane conference of the food, Louis quacks, and has been giving its readers drug, and dairy inspectors of Idaho, Washing- the results of these investigations. The ton, and Oregon, uniform rules were adopted quacks are seeking shelter, and the papers that for the government of the inspectors, among have prostituted themselves to the extent of which are the following: Eating houses serv- selling advertising space to the quacks have ing chicory in coffee must display a conspic- closed their pages to them — for a reason. uous sign saying so. Soda fountains using ,Both laymen and physicians of the better class benzoate of soda must inform the public of have been supporting the Star in its campaign the fact by means of large cards. Cider vin- of publicity. Some of the prominent business egar must not be diluted, and all vinegars must men stated their intention to take their adver- be branded with their true name. Flavoring tising out of the papers which continued to extracts must be labeled " imitation," unless carry advertisements of fraudulent medical made of the true product. Catsup or sauce concerns. A little influence of this kind goes bottles must not be refilled. A pound of butter a long way farther than any amount of preach- must weigh 16 ounces net. These regulations ment regarding the ethics of carrying dirty are intended rather as a preventive of fraud and lying advertising. It may be a hard thing than as a health measure, for few of these to say, but it is a fact that the shortest wa. substitutes or adulterations are detrimental to to the conscience of some publishers is through health. the pocketbook.

The best antiseptic for purposes of personal hygiene LISTERINE There is a tendency upon the part of the public to consider the dental toilet completed with the use of the tooth-brush and a dentifrice in paste or powder form. It is not possible with the brush and either paste or powder to cleanse the interstitial surfaces of the teeth; here the use of dental floss is imperative, and after meals, or in any event before retiring at night, it should be employed to dislodge the remaining shreds of food substance wedged between the teeth. The tooth-brush and a paste or powder may then be employed for their friction- ary effect, moving the brush from the gum margin toward the cutting edge or grinding surface of the teeth, and not toward the gum margin, lest these tissues be loosened from their attachment about the teeth and the sensitive dentin exposed. Rotate the brush upon the grinding surfaces of the molars to remove any food which may be lodged in the fissures of these teeth. The mouth should then be rinsed with an antiseptic solution of suitable strength, for which there is nothing comparable to Listerine, one part, tepid water ten to fifteen parts, forcing the Listerine to and fro between the teeth that all of their exposed surfaces may be brought under its antiseptic influence. This procedure faithfully pursued will insure the conservation of the teeth. LAMBERT PHARMACAL COMPANY LOCUST AND TWENTY-FIRST STREETS : ST. LOUIS, MO.

When you write to our advertiser.., please say, •• I saw your ' ad.' In LIFE AND HEALTH."' 236 • LIFE AND HEALTH

Trichinosis Reportable.— The board of Treatment of Disease in the Aged.— health of New York City has adopted a reso- Orenstein, in the New York Medical Journal, lution requiring physicians to report cases of recommends as of paramount importance regu- human trichinosis. lation and restriction of diet. " The senile can subsist on a modified fluid diet, consisting Tango Strenuous.— A number of persons chiefly of milk, soups, eggs, toast, butter, and while dancing the tango have, it is said, broken stewed fruits. He regards it as futile to re- a leg or an arm. Possibly, also, fractured place the teeth, inasmuch as it is impossible some laws of propriety. 1 to restore the integrity of the rest of the di- The Wisconsin Marriage Law Unconsti- gestive tract. An adult ration overtaxes the tutional.— In the Milwaukee County Circuit digestive powers and floods the blood with Court, the law requiring a certificate as a con- products which the kidneys and other emunc- dition for marriage license has been declared tories cannot handle. He advises fresh air, unconstitutional and void. exercise, light clothing, and well-protected feet. Nightcaps he considers desirable. Decomposition and Preservation of Eggs. —A. Kossowicz (quoted in Experiment Sta- tion Record) gives some results of experi- Poison Oak.— According to a'recent ob- ments on eggs. Fresh eggs kept for two or server of the action of various poisonous three days at a temperature of from 68° to 86° plants (poison oak, poison ivy,. sumac, etc.), were, -with few exceptions, found to be free the poison is not volatile, and cannot be con- from bacteria. Eggs exposed to various bac- veyed through the air. It is not a pollen, and teria under conditions corresponding to those• it cannot be carried by insects. It appears in the handling of eggs from the producer to to be a resin, found in all parts of the plant the consumer, demonstrated that microorgan- except the pollen and the flowers. In order isms and molds can penetrate the unbroken to cause inflammation, the gum must come into :hell and cause decay. The shells of old eggs direct contact with the skin. The dried resin are more easily penetrated with molds than is soluble in alcohol. The treatment advised fresh eggs. Some yeasts also penetrate the is to wash the skin with hot water and soap, :hell. When the shells are soiled with egg and carefully apply a saturated solution of substance, either fresh or decayed, they are lead acetate in dilute alcohol. This, however, penetrated more readily by microorganisms. is not a new remedy. The New York Med:- In order to preserve eggs, the author recom- ical Journal suggests the addition of alum. mends cold storage, or packing the eggs in It is important to avoid the use of -*Lives and milk of lime or water glass. ointments.

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When you write to our advertisers, please say. I saw your ' ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH." ST. HELENA SANITARIUM

Nestled among scenic foothills, on the sunny slopes of Howell Moun- tain, like some great, white jewel, in a setting of wonderful landscape, is one of the most beautiful, and at the same time one of the most scien- tifically conducted, institutions in all California. THE ST. HELENA SANITARIUM is a refuge, a haven, a veritable Paradise for the sick, the invalid, and those who need rest and recuperation. Its hospitable doors are open to all who are sick, and everywhere is the environment of kindness and good cheer. The sanitarium is the retreat of the cultured and refined, affording the advantages of a thoroughly scientific institution, where Nature, the physicians, and the surgeons work hand in hand for the alleviation of human ills. Located sixty-five miles north of San Francisco, in a little hamlet all its own, it is so peaceful, so placid, so serene, that it seems as though it were in a world apart. The main building and cottages wholly lack the depressing atmosphere of a hospital. Apply for beautifully illustrated booklet " E."

Address THE ST. HELENA SANITARIUM Napa County Sanitarium California

When you write to our advertisers, please say, "I saw your ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH." NrowmmmmwmmmmmmusEmmmmmmmmwmnsmmmm Ki m Special Books on Sex Hygiene M

NE It is a well-known fact that the conditions of many people M today might have been greatly improved had they been properly M M instructed when young. For young people to be permitted to M grow up to manhood and womanhood without a knowledge of the M M vital forces of life, is a great injustice to them. There are many parents who know this to be true, and greatly desire to be able M M to impart the instruction in a wise way, but who from lack of M M education are unable to do so. To all such we recommend the M M following books: — M M For Boys For Girls M M Truths : Talks With a Boy Concern- Confidences : Talks With a Young M ing Himself, by E. B. Lowry, M. D. Girl Concerning Herself, by E. B. M M 55 cents. Lowry, M. D. 55 cents. M M M Almost a Man, by Dr. Mary Wood- Almost a Woman, by Dr. Mary M Allen. 50 cents. Wood-Allen. 50 cents. M M M What a Young Boy Ought to Know, What a Young Girl Ought to Know, M by Sylvanus Stall, D. D. $1.00. by Dr. Mary Wood-Allen. $1.00. M M For Young Men For Young Women M M What a Young Man Ought to What a Young Woman Ought to M Know, by Sylvanus Stall, D. D. Know, by Dr. Mary Wood-Allen. M $1.00. $1.00. What a Young Husband Ought to M What a Young Wife Ought to 11 M Know, by Sylvanus Stall, D. D. Know, by Dr. Mary Wood-Allen. M M $1.00. $1.00. For Men of Mature Years For Women of.Mature Years What a Man of Forty-Five Ought What a Woman of Forty - Five to Know, by Sylvanus Stall, D. D. Ought to Know, by Dr. Mary Wood- $1.00. Allen. $1.00. The foregoing books are highly recommended by physicians throughout the country. One of the most important periods in a person's life is when M a boy or girl is blossoming from boyhood or girlhood into manhood or omatihood. Their futuie -usefulness -a-nd- happiness -depends -to a-large--degree upon proper instruction at such a time. The books here mentioned M have been a great boon to many. Review and Herald Publishing Association Takoma Park Washington, D. C.

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When you write to our advertisers, please say, " 1 saw your 'ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH.- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + + + + + + + ROME BURNS BIBLES + + 4. + 4. 4. + IN THE PHILIPPINES ! + + 7 + 4. P12,M)4LT + .1. See Photographic Reproduction of Manila, P. 1., News- + 4. paper Telling of Bible Burning. Also Striking + + + INGAZINE, Cartoons in "Picture Section." + + Friday, March 26, we ordered printed the sixth edi- + + ADVSLCATING PI29—TESTING + + P12.1MITIVE AGAINST tion of the great February, or " Protestant Mass 4. 4. CHOISTIANITY APESTASY Meeting," number, containing Dr. McKim's two 4. 4. speeches, and the third edition of the March number, + + containing the Prescott-Wilson-Tumulty features. The + + same day we filled one order front Massachusetts for 4* + THE ESSENCE OF 6,000 of the February number. And still the demand + + continues: + 4. • PROTESTANTISM 4. + SOME OTHER MAY FEATURES 4. HE principles contained in this + celebrated protest of the 19th Protestants and Catholics Unite in Demanding More April, 1529. constitute the very Chaplains. + 4. esxnee of Protestantism. Now Rome's Interpretation of Religious Liberty. tiro protest opposes two abuses Idolatry of the Church of Rome. + o man in matters of faith: the first a the + + i tnision the civil magistrate. and the + + second is the arbitrary authority of the ONE YEAR, $1.00 — SINGLE COPY, 10 CENTS + + church. I stead of these two abuses. Prot. Distribute 20 copies ($1.00) or 50 copies ($2.00) of + + estantism is up above the magistrate the this May number in your neighborhood. + 4. power of nacience, and above the visible + + church th authority of the Word of Cod.—.. INVEST $1.50 IN FIVE FRIENDS 4. 4. "Ilisrory thy Rrformation," D'Autrigne, + + Book XI I, Chap. I'I, Par la + + For this small amount we will send the Magazine + + to five of your friends for SIX MONTHS — regular + PEeYeala$1.01T PEra Copy 10 price, $2.50. Or, this amount will pay for SIX WASPIINGT_SN, D.C. TRIAL SUBSCRIPTIONS for FOUR MONTHS each. 4. 7, - ,\... _ PROTESTANT MAGAZINE •• Washington, D. C. 4. + 4. 4. + ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

The Watchman

YOU NEED ITS ENCOURAGING GOSPEL MESSAGES ITS CONTENTS WILL INTEREST YOU Who Should Subscribe

Every earnest seeker after truth Ten cents a copy Every one desiring to know Bible prophecy Sample free One dollar a yea: Every one wishing a presentation of the Bible in its purity A monthly magazine considering present-day problems in the light of the prophetic Word. Gives the Trumpet a Certain Sound Send two dollars with the names of two friends and we will place your name upon our subscription list free for one year. Order through your tract society or

Southern Publishing Association, 2723 24th Avenue N., Nashville, Tennessee

When you write to our advertisers, please say, " I saw your ' in LIFE .AND IIRALTH." Pilgrim Fathers, Church Monop- oly, and True Patriotism Number

LIMIEMT7 Read James Madison, Daniel Webster, and Other A MAGAZINE 01' RELIGIOUS FREEDOM Patriots on Religious Liberty, Government Chaplains, etc. See Also Church and State 'Cartoons

The fight for our Constitutional rights of free speech, free press, and free assembly is not won! Witness, for example, the canceling of two hall contracts recently in Columbus, Ohio, through pressure on the part of Roman Catholics, when our editor, Prof. ('has. S. Longacre, had been advertised to lecture upon the subject " Shall America Adopt a „National Religion? " in the Chamber of Com- merce and the A. I. U. halls, respectively. HELP TO EDUCATE THE PUBLIC BY CIRCULATING THIS MAGAZINE!

' NOTE THESE OTHER FEATURES Important Judicial Decisions — Daniel Webster's Oration on Religious Liberty — James Madison on Government Chaplains — Religion in the Public Schools — Church and Politics — Limits of Right- ful Authority — Governor Patterson on " Why I Changed Front on the Liquor Question " — Amer- ica Traveling in the Wrong Direction — Are Sim- day Laws Constitutional? — Conservation of Nat- ural Rights, etc.' is").1KLVs4_,, 35 CENTS A YEAR — 10 CENTS A COPY - 10 yearly subscriptions, for yourself and nine friends, only $2.00 — regular price, $3.50. Post-office Stamp Books Accepted.

Fend $1.00 for 20 or $2.00 for 50 copies LIBERTY MAGAZINE :: Washington, D. C.

Boulder = Colorado Sanitarium, Boulder, Colorado

Non-Tubercular

One mile above sea-level, in one of the most beautiful spots in all Colorado, situated at the foot of the Rocky Mountains in the beautiful city of Boulder, thirty miles from Den- ver, the Boulder-Colorado Sanitarium offers its patrons an ideal place for rest, recuperation, and health training. This sanitarium is a pleasant, homelike place, splendidly equipped with the most modern and up- to-date appliances known to medical science for the successful treatment of disease. In addition to these advantages we keep constantly in our employs number of splendidly qualified physicians of both sexes and a corps of well-trained nurses. Our institution isa member of a sisterhood of about eighty sanitariums throughout the world, all of which are conducted upon the same general health principles and employ the same methods of treatment, consisting of all curative agencies which are recognized as a part of. _rational medicine, including Baths of Every Description. Massage and Manual, Swedish Movements, Electricity in Every Form, Classified Dietary. Laboratory of Hy- giene for Bacteriological. Chemical, and Mi. croscopical Investigations. Each succeeding year these methods of training the sick back to health by the application of nature's remedies are being more and more recognized. not only by the ndividual,i but by the medical fraternity, as being scientific and effective in the treatment °kali curable diseases. q Our institution has this advantage over the ordinary hospital, in that the hospital features are entirely eliminated by a system of segregation, our hospital and surgical ward being conducted in a separate building from our main sanitarium building. Our sanitarium location is an ideal one, and we enjoy the advantages of a delightful summer and winter climate. Write for large catalogue.

When you write to our advertisers, please say, " I saw your ' ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH." OO 4/444 * *44.4)4410.4t1 4.44449•44404,04444.*44++++•••••44444444.4.414 4 Southern Medical and 4 California's SANITARIA Surgical 4:•> 4 4 ETHICAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESSIVE 4 4 OMPRISING the LOMA LINDA, GLENDALE, and PARADISE VALLEY SANI- 4> TARIUMS, covering the entire field of rational medicine and scientific surgery. • These up-to-date, homelike Institutions of Health have helped to make Southern 4 California the great Mecca for the tourist and health seeker. O

014

SANITARIU11 •

4 These Sanitariums have qualified regular Physicians, skilful Surgeons, trained Attendants, 4 graduate Nurses, and thoroughly equipped Laboratories. Their institutional apartments are 0 models of convenience for the scientific administration of every modern Physiological Thera- • O 0 peutic treatment. The basic principle of their system of treating disease has been in constant 0 * 4 4 successful employment for more than thirty-five years, and includes every modern curative 4

measure known to medical and surgical research. 4 O 4, O The professional staff of each of these Institutions gives special attention to classified 4 dietetics, and the bills of fare are based on a complete return to nature's first principles, 4 O • 4 and to her food products, which are largely produced on the institutional estates and by their 4 4 O own food factories. 0 4 p Besides the complete acquired facilities of scientific medical and surgical research, these 0 O modern " Homes of Health " offer to the traveler seeking rest, recreation, and health, under new 4 * scenes, the attractions of a matchless climate, both summer and winter. It is never too hot 4 4 nor too cold for outdoor exercise and enjoyment. The very words " Southern California " bring 00 to mind a smiling summer-land rich with tropical vegetation and heavy with the perfume of 0 4 0 flowers. The mountain air mingled with the salt-sea breezes forms a live, invigorating atmos- 4 O 4 4 phere for those seeking health restoration. 4 4 Each institution has its own peculiar points of excellence to offer its patients and guests. 0 4 0 Address for " Illustrated Prospectus " 4 0 4 4 0 THE LOMA LINDA SANITARIUM - • - Loma Linda, California • THE GLENDALE SANITARIUM = - . . Glendale, California • - National City, California 0, THE PARADISE VALLEY SANITARIUM - o4 ; 0 0 Or the City office of these Institutions, 417 W. Fifth Street, Los Angeles. California 0 4 4 4 4 444 4 *.>444449444444 4 4 4 4,4, * • • • • . • ******* • • • • •• • • 3 44444,• • ****** • • • * • • • • • ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + + + + + + + + + f + + 4. + + f Washington Sanitarium + f 4. f4. + 4.f Medical and Surgical +4. + ++ + f 4. 4. + +4. + + 4. •4. 4. + 4. + +4. + 4. + +4. + + 4. + +4. 1. 4. t •• f f '4'

f + 4. 4. 4. f 4. 4.

4. 4. 4. f Located at Takoma Park, one of Washington's most attractive and 4. + 4. healthful suburbs, only 8 miles from the Capitol building. 4. 4. Surrounded by well-kept lawns, dense forests, and swift-running 4. 4. streams-ideal conditions for rest and recuperation. f 4. Equipment complete in every detail for giving hydrotherapy and 4. 4. electricity in their various forms, also X-ray examinations and treatments. 4. 4. 4. Full corps of physicians. Well-trained nurses and attendants admin.. f 4. • + ister to the individual needs of each patient. + Diseases treated : Digestive disturbances, rheumatic and gouty con- + ditions, nervous and circulatory disorders, etc. Write for illustrated booklet, addressing Box G, + f WASHINGTON SANITARIUM Takoma Park Station Washington, D. C. N. B. Offensive or contagious diseases not received.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++44+++++++++++++++++++++++++44++++++++++++ When pun write to our advertisers, p:elne say, "I saw your 'ad.' in LIFE .1ND HEALTH."