MIT's The Weather Oldest and Largest Today: Rain and Sleet, 45°F (7°C) Tonight: Windy, cloudy, 38°F (3°C) Newspaper Tomorrow: Mostly sunny, 48°F (9°C) Sfitahl Details, Page 2
Volume 114, Number I Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Friday, January 28, 1994
BI~~~~~~~~~ i~~~~~~~iP I i Il~~~~~~~~~ A~~~~~~~~~~BP I B I P · ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.~~- Wastoid iumphs Over Robot Pirates By Hyun Soo Kim ocean (a six-inch wide, two-inch NEWS EDITOR deep ditch in the table) to pillage the After over nine rounds of dou- opponent's ship, or stay on their ble-elimination play, "Wastoid" own ship (side of the table). emerged victorious in the 1994 A complicated point-scoring sys- LEGO Rob-ot Design contest tem allowed for flexibility in strate- (6.270) Tuesday night. gies, as robots could play in either Benjamin A. Calderon '96, offensive or defensive roles. A team Yishai Lerner '96, and Mihir Shah lost points for any blocks or bottles '96 designed Wastoid, a robot that were tipped from theirh;pright which had a unique feature - a cat- positions or were knocked off of its apult that threw foam blocks as far side. A team could also earn points as five feet across the playing table. by picking up the bottles and blocks It raised the audience in 26-100 to and either storing them in the robot their feet in excitement. or by transferring them to the home This year's contest was named side of the table. Robo-Raiders, as the pirates Robots also had the option of (robots) sought to collect treasure pushing a dinghy or a plank into the chests (foam blocks) and drink ocean to help get across- pirate punch (plastic bottles). The pirates could choose to cross the Contest, Page 15 Judge Serves Velez 20-Year Prison Term Daniel C. Stevenson prosecution, at 9:45 p.m. on the ASSOCZIATE NIGHT EDITOR night of the crime, Raustein and Alfredo Velez, an accomplice in Arne Fredheim G, both students the murder of Yngve K. Raustein from Norway, were walking east '94 on Sept. 18, 1992, was sen- along Memorial Drive near Hayden man- Students participate in Charm School in Lobby 7 last week. Courses taught included table tenced to 12 to 20 years in state Library when they were confronted ners, buttering up big-shots, how to get a date, etiquette, and manners. I prison last Wednesday. In atten- by Joseph P. Donovan, then 18, I I __ _ dance were Raustein's parents and Velez, then 17, and Shon McHugh, Velez's mother and young wife. then 16. Identified Superior Court Associate Justice Donovan, apparently without Fernald School Subjects Robert A. Barton explained to Velez provocation, punched Raustein, Radiation Testing the rights he would sacrifice by knocking him to the ground. Dono- Litster Testifies before Senator Kennedy's Hearing on entering a guilty plea. The Assistant van then robbed Raustein while conducted by Senator District Attorney read the following Velez robbed Fredheim. By Jeremy Hylton headed the investigation. She used hearing Edward M. Kennedy (D-Mass.) at account of the evening in question CHAIRMAN the Fernald School's records about 10 School on Jan. 13. for the record. According to the Velez, Page An ongoing investigation of its mentally retarded patients, infor- the Fernald 1950s, the late Professor human radiation experiments done mation from Harvard University, In the Robert S. Harris studied by MIT and Harvard University and MIT's records, which included of Nutrition absorbs calcium and researchers has identified the sub- the height and weights of the test how the body feeding 125 patients of the jects of at least two 1950s nutrition- subjects, to determine the dosages iron by School milk and cereal al studies involving radioactive trac- each subject received. Fernald tracers. ers. "It's a detective story because laced with radioactive public According to Professor J. David we have bits of information, and The tests were first made Energy Secretary Hazel Litster PhD '65, vice president and they have bits of information, and when thousands of dean for research at MIT, the sub- the Rev. West has been playing O'Leary declassified about radia- mentally retarded patients detective. I'm amazed she has put government documents jects were last from the Walter E. Fernald State together all the pieces so quickly," tion and radiation testing late School. Litster said. year. Rev. Doe West, coordinator of In addition to working with the After reading a story in the Dec. the Massachusetts Task Force to state task force investigation, Litster 26 Boston Globe about the tests at Human Subject Research and Francis X. Masse, MIT's radia- Review Radiation, Page 14 and chaplain at the Fernald School, tion protection officer, testified at a M= Safe Walk to Offer INSIDE * Edgerton flooded by On-Campus Escorts sprinkler break. Page20 By A. Arif Husain said. The service will run from 10 STAFF REPORTER p.m. to 3 a.m., and students desiring Starting Feb. 13, students will to use the Safe Walk service will be a Kronos Quartet plays have the option of enlisting security able to contact a dispatcher at the chamber music with a escorts to accompany them after information desk in the Student dark. Safe Walk is intended to pro- Center. Students may also call x2- modem edge. Page 7 vide students with a safe means of 1300 for an escort. getting to areas on campus not cov- The trial period will serve to a Gilbert Grape is a wel- ered by Saferide. "see what the response is," Ipri said. Safe Walk was founded by Ken- Funding is also a limiting factor, come break from sweet neth M. Porter '96 and Susan L. Ipri and the group needs to work the Hollywood fair. Page 9 G in reaction to the recent upsurge bugs out of the system, she said. in crimes on campus, Porter said. The project is focusing on pub- licity and recruitment, with a booth subplots con- Safe Walk will be offered three a Complex days per week - Sunday, Wednes- set up in Lobby 10 yesterday. "It fuseBlink. Page 11 day, and Thursday - over a trial Safe Walk, Page 19 i period of the next semester, Ipri L - -- I t Pace 2" THRE.TECHt? ' '*. ' * 1 - i * * '; i *, ' Janu.ary;,-, 1994 RLD&NATION I * I I. I ..... , ssL~-, ,., , , , *-l --- W0T~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~~~ w r 4. Aftershock ROCKS Ls Angeies II Senat+n oitre+s rn T Lf Eimbarg After 4-Day Lull LOS ANGELES TIMES I LOS ANGELES On Trade Vith Vietam who had been declared KIA/BNR A magnitude 4.5 aftershock to the Jan. 17 magnitude 6.6 temblor Thomas W. Lippman Vietnam held hundreds more U.S. iI Thursday morning broke a four-day lull of only scattered mild after- THE WASHINGTON POST prisoners of war than it acknowl- were indeed killed as reported."
WASHINGTON edged. Intelligence analysts from E shocks in the magnitude 3 range, but scientists reiterated that such The Senate vote Thursday fol- cz E moderately strong earthquakes are to be expected. The Senate voted by aa wide mar- several departments concluded the lowed hours of sometimes passion- Iir "The aftershocks are following a very normal pattern for Californ- gin Thursday to urge Pre,sident Clin- documents are authentic but their ate debate Wednesday afternoon. ian earthquakes," said a statement by four institutions actively study- ton to lift the U.S. embarrgo on trade information cannot be correct. The basic argument was this: ing the geology of the Northridge earthquake - the California Insti- with Vietnam. The documents are riddled with Would lifting the trade embargo tute of Technology, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Southern War veterans, coInservative "inaccuracies, inconsistencies, exag- encourage Vietnam to continue California Earthquake Center at the University of Southern California Republicans and memtbers of the gerations and fabrications," accord- making remains, documents and and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena. Armed Services Commiittee joined ing to the report, prepared by intelli- artifacts available to U.S. teams gence analysts from the Defense "If the aftershocks continue at this rate, the probability of a mag- some liberal Democrats to approve searching for those still missing, or a nonbindingg resolution Department, CIA and State Depart- nitude 5 aftershock in the next week is about one in five," the institu- by 62 to 38 would it remove all leverage and i ment Bureau of Intelligence and tions said. "We expect one or two more aftershocks of magnitude 4.5 sponsored by Sen. John McCain, R- reward Vietnam even as it continues Ariz., who spent nearly ssix years as Research. or greater in the next week." to avoid telling the truth? Thursday morning's aftershock, which authorities said would a prisoner of war in Vietnam, and One of the so-called "Russian prompt some reinspection of buildings for damage in the area near its Sen. John F. Kerry, D-Mlass., a dec- documents," found in Moscow But in a larger sense, the debate was about whether the war is finally north San Femando Valley epicenter, was the 36th between magni- I orated Vietnam veterani who later archives by Harvard-based tude 4.0 and 4.9 since the Northridge earthquake. turned against the war. researcher Stephen Morris, purport- over or not. Kerry argued that more The lineup could pr:ovide sub- ed to be a Russian translation of a than half of Vietnam's 70 million stantial political cover forr Clinton as Sept. 15, 1972, briefing of the Hanoi people are under the age of 24 and Belarus Likely to Replace he weighs a recommendlation from politburo by Lt. Gen. Tran Van had nothing to do with the war. senior foreign policy adorisers to lift Quang, described as deputy chief of Maintaining a U.S. trade embargo Reforl-Minded Leader the embargo. the North Vietnamese general staff. while Japan, France and other eco- THE WASHINGTON POST According to admiinistration In the supposed briefing, Quang is nomic competitors are doing busi- MOSCOW sources, Clinton has hesitated to quoted as saying Hanoi held 1,205 ness there "is an embargo against A day after ousting its reform-minded leader, the Communist- take the step, which wou ld symboli- American prisoners on that date, ourselves," Kerry said. dominated parliament of Belarus appeared likely to replace him with cally end the 30-yea ,r conflict more than twice as many as were The resolution, attached to the one of two politicians who strongly oppose radical reform and sup- between the United Sta tes and the released in Operation Homecoming Siaie Department authorization bili, port close economic and security ties with Russia. Vietnamese communists, ,because of when the U.S. role in the war ended does not call for establishing diplo- The vote on a successor to Stanislav Shushkevich is expected his history of avoiding tlhe draft for a few months later. matic relations with Vietnam or soon, and if it goes as most analysts predict, it could complete what military service in Vietnaam. Clinton Reyelation of that document sending an ambassador. That step has been a gradual but dramatic change of direction for the former has said he will not lift tlhe embargo caused a sensation last spring and appears to be years away, even if Soviet republic of 10.4 million, which borders Poland on the west until he is satisfied Vietn am is doing reinforced the arguments of family the trade embargo is lifted soon. and Russia on the east. all it can to help determnine the fate and veterans groups who have urged The effect of the shift, analysts say, would be to make Belarus less of more than 2,200 Amycricans still retention of the trade embargo on Among the senators who joined of an independent state and more a virtual protectorate of Russia. listed as missing from the nation's grounds that Vietnam has lied about McCain and Kerry in voting for the Zenon Poznyak, leader of the opposition Belarusan Popular Front, longest war. the prisoner issue. resolution were Sam Nunn, D-Ga., described the ouster of Shushkevich as "a creeping Communist coup The Senate vote was the second But for the 1,205 figure to be chairman of the Armed Services aimed at eliminating Belarusan statehood and imposing a dictator- big poitical boost thi s week for correct, the intelligence analysts Committee, and John W. Warner, ship" under Prime Minister Vyacheslav Kebich. those who favor ending tlhe embargo concluded, "we would have to R-Va., the committee's second- In the political struggle that has been going o0Uin Minsk for and allowing U.S. firms, to partici- assume that 669 Americans actual- ranking Republican; Barbara Mikul- months, Kebich, a veteran Communist and oppomne-t of free-market pate in Vietnam's fas;t-growing ly survived, were captured and were ski, D-Md., a longtime supporter of reform, has been Shushkevich's chief antagonist. in a parallel vote in economy. transported to an unknown prison veterans' groups; John Glenn, D- parliament on Wednesday, Kebich survived a move to dismiss him as Earlier, the Defense IDepartment system. This is highly implausible, Ohio, a former Marine Corps offi- prime minister by a vote of 175 to 101. released an analysis of two docu- not only because of the lack of evi- cer; and Nancy Landon Kassebaum, ments that surfaced lastt year from dence of a secondary prison system, R-Kan., a former member of the intelligence archives of the former but also because investigation has Senate Select Committee on POW- North Launches Senate Campaign Soviet Union purportingng to show verified that virtually all of those MIA affairs. LOSANGELES TIMES ROANOKE, VA. Oliver L. North, the retired Marine officer who became a national
figure during the Iran-Contra scandal, launched his campaign for the Yee tDfedseReim k U.S. Senate Thursday in public appearances across Virginia. Ii Speaking to enthusiastic supporters at hotel rallies in four cities, By Lee Hockstader detachment are part of Moscow's 16, Fyodorov was regarded as the the man who admitted lying to members of Congress seven years ago THE WASHINGTON POST daily scuttlebutt. Some of Yeltsin's most prominent champion of the said that he wants to join their ranks "to take back government from MOSCOW advisers, such as state television free market in the cabinet. While a the insiders and wheeler-dealers and put it back where it belongs- Russian President Boris Yeltsin, chief Alexander Yakovlev, have number of reformers remain in the in your hands." in his first public comments follow- told him in the strongest terms that upper echelons of the government, If North wins the Republican nomination at the party's state con- ing the departure of leading reform- he must explain himself and his none is as regarded as so high-pro- vention in June, the former lieutenant colonel who ran a secret White ers from his cabinet, defended his intentions to the nation, often. file, well-connected or energetic as House resupply mission for the Nicaragua's Contra rebels likely will new government Thursday and Yeltsin has not heeded their advice. Gaidar and Fyodorov. face another former Marine - incumbent Democratic Sen. Charles insisted he has not abandoned plans Ella Pamfilova, former minister There are already signs that the S. Robb - next November. to remake his country. of social protection who quit Jan. 16 new government, led by Prime Min- In remarks here in Virginia's heartland that mirrored earlier In a statement released by his to protest the shift in government, ister Viktor Chernomyrdin, will speeches in Norfolk, Richmond and later in Hemrndon, North declared: press office, Yeltsin- said he intends said she met with Yeltsin on abandon free-market practices and "I believe that we, those of us gathered in this room, represent the to use his considerable powers under Wednesday to formally tender her renew massive subsidies to bloated real hopes and the real aspirations and dreams and values of the the new Russian constitution to resignation. "The president and inefficient state factories and working men and women. I believe that if we have the courage and "firmly defend reforms and ensure appeared to me to be suffering and farms. Chernomyrdin has spoken of 9 determination to do right by them, we can make a change in Wash- stability and the continuation of the lonely," she said on Russian televi- "non-monetarist" methods of con- L ington." democratic course." The president sion Thursday. "My God! How few trolling inflation, which critics have f dismissed criticism that the new people there are on whom he can taken to mean price controls. His government would gut his reforms lean." agriculture minister has spoken of as "excessive dramatization." Pamfilova's remarks are part of a pumping billions of dollars in subsi- WEATHER Yeltsin's spokesman, Vyach- growing chorus of doomsayers. dies into ailing farms and agricultur- eslav Kostikov, reinforced the presi- Critics as varied as the U.S. director al enterprises beginning this year. dent's message Thursday, declaring of central intelligence, Yeltsin's dis- Such a spendthrift policy might Rainy and windy that if there is even a partial return missed chiefs for finance and eco- temporarily blunt complaints from By Michael C. Morgan of old-style command economics, nomics, Western economic advisers workers who have not been paid full STAFF METEOROLOGIST "the president will nip this tendency and leaders of former Soviet salaries lately and managers whose For the first time in almost a month, we run the risk of seeing bare in the bud." republics on Russia's periphery perquisites have been squeezed by ground in southern New England. A cyclone will move to our west The Russian leader's remarks have all warned of dire conse- the tight money policies of recent later today. The brisk southerly winds ahead of the cyclone will appeared to respond to mounting quences should the new Russian months. But in all probability, the advect rather warm, moist air into the area. These winds should erode fears, both inside Russia and in the government change course. rapid printing of money needed to the arctic air that has been rather firmly entrenched in southern New West, that the new Russian govern- Yeltsin's comments came a day resurrect Russia's wasteful farms England the last few days. ment will implement back-to-the- after Finance Minister Boris Fyo- and vast, dilapidated industrial base A cold front will cross the area late tonight - ending our rains. future policies that will roll back the I dorov resigned in anger, accusing would also lead to inflation well Clearing, cool (yes, cool not cold!) weather will follow the passage of free market advances of the past two the new government of carrying out beyond the 1993 rate of around 900 the front. The air will gradually turn colder Sunday before we get our years. an "economic coup" led by "red percent. Critics including Fyodorov next round of wintry weather early next week. The outlook for next Yet what remained unclear was managers." He said the economic and CIA Director R. James Woolsey week looks like a return to the deep freeze. whether Yeltsin is losing control management of the country was predict such a course would spark Today: Cloudy with freezing rain and sleet, turning to plain rain. over his own government, or now in the hands of "a cabinet of social upheaval in Russia's already Winds becoming gusty and temperatures rising into the 40's (7°C). whether he has made a calculated lifeless and incompetent state plan- unstable political climate. Winds south 15-25 mph (24-39 kph) with gusts 35-50 mph (56-81 strategic retreat in the wake of last ning ideology." A leading pro-reformn bloc in the kph). month's parliamentary elections, in Fyodorov was replaced by his Russian parliament urged Yeltsin Tonight: Cfoudy, windy and mild, with rain tapering to showers. which pro-reform parties fared deputy, Sergei Dubinin. Dubinin is Thursday to fire Chernomyrdin. But Winds south-southwest 15- 25 mph (24-39 kph). Low a relatively poorly. well regarded as a technocrat, but is Yeltsin, for the time being at least, balmy 38 (3°C). As usual, there were few clues thought unlikely to be able to play appears to have given his prime Saturday: Mostly sunny with a few afternoon clouds. Mild. High about Yeltsin's thinking. He has as dynamic a role in the government minister virtual carte blanche. Cher- 43-48°F (6-9°C). Winds northwest 10-20 mph (16-32 kph). appeared in public seldom during as Fyodorov. He also will not have nomyrdin, 55, a former boss of the Low 17°F (-8°C). the past several months and issued the rank of deputy prime minister Soviet oil and gas industry, has Sunday: Partly sunny early, followed by increasing clouds. Snow only occasional and laconic commu- that Fyodorov enjoyed. shown in many statements that he is developing late at night. High 28°F (-2°C). Low 22°F (-6°C). niques. Rumors of his drinking, his Along with former economics no friend to reform and no student ill health, his despondency and his chief Yegor Gaidar, who quit Jan. of economics. LL - I w -- I i
I -lP - - -- January'28,' 1'994 CTa ;-,, ---- __ __ WORLD--- ,~~I-.I...... -.-&%-- NATION .---- 2-0--- v ...,, .. -- H it^[,-&.. ^tW^TK ^PaI. ~ .a q~, -).,I Deputy Attorney General Resigns U.S. Joins Allies to Urge U.N. to Plerre Thomas management styles are too different what I meant." and Michael Isikoff for us to function fully effectively as RPenm anoenv nullrrt..e ay, rcnn- Impose Trade Ban on Haiti THE WASHINGTON POST a management team at the Depart- ducts business in a volcanic style, LOS ANGELES TIMES WASHINGTON ment of Justice," Heymann wrote in arriving at meetings with lists of WASHINGTON Philip B. Heymann, the Justice a letter sent Thursday to President new projects and assignments. The Clinton administration, joined by France, Canada and Department's second-ranking offi- Clinton. "That is a judgment I By contrast, Heymann was a Venezuela, is expected to urge the U.N. Security Council early next cial, announced his resignation share." cautious administrator with a more week to impose an almost airtight ban on trade with Haiti, suhstan- Thursday, citing a lack of "chem- Reno said that no successor had leisurely management style. "Phil's tially toughening a petroleum embargo that already has shredded the istry" with Attorney General Janet been picked and Heymann will approach to things is very profound, nation's economy, officials said Thursday. Reno and differences in their man- remain in office until a replacement very deliberative and measured," Officials of the United States and its three allies have concluded agement styles. is found. Pressed about whether said one Justice Department official. that the additional sanctions are needed to force the Haitian military Deputy Attorney General Hey- Heymann had been fired, Reno "Phil likes to study things indepen- to permit ousted President Jean-Bertrand Aristide to regain the office mann's surprise departure comes at praised Heymann's contributions to dently, and he has contributed some he lost in a bloody 1991 coup. a time when a number of high-level the department and said during her marvelous things." Although the four nations, collectively known as the "Four positions remain unfilled at the Jus- weekly news conference: "I think Earlier this month, he and Reno Friends of the U.N. Secretary-General Regarding Haiti," threatened tice Department, prompting con- we reached a mutual agreement." acknowledged they "were having additional sanctions more than a month ago, they have been reluctant gressional criticism that the Clinton But department officials said trouble working together," said to take the step because of the devastating effect the trade embargo is administration has left too many Thursday that the personality clash Heymann, pointing out that he initi- sure to have on the country's poorest citizens. critical positions vacant more than between the all-business, no-non- ated the conversation. But representatives of the Four Friends, meeting in Washington, year into office. sense Reno and the professorial This week their working rela- decided late Wednesday that the additional measures are required to It also follows mounting com- Heymann had been building for tionship was discussed again, this coerce the Haitian military and its commander, Lt. Gen. Raoul plaints from both within and outside some time and appeared to be the time initiated by Reno. "I just said, Cedras, to stand aside and allow Aristide, the country's only democ- the department over what critics driving force behind the move. 'I don't think it's working; what do ratically elected chief executive, to regain power. described as Heymann's lack of Increasingly, at staff meetings, you think?' " Reno recalled saying. Meanwhile, the Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets axiau ,o lu,id otxaso aiu :.. o lzl y .to F'_-&~l ._ .... 4.1-- T T C 1 _ _-,_.. _- ._- J. COA _ L_-_- X-I11-- IIa:s:l_ tLhr Was Cv'idIIt tC.sVll. UctwI1 I ii,, was ,n, prAtipitat:i1l .ltlgIui .iuzc tile U.o. iUaiiiN aCountls anlU otlCI assct of all IiiCIiian follow through on key department the two. Reno felt Heymann "didn't event" or "great policy differences," military officers. The names of 523 officers were added to a list of 41 initiatives, including the crime bill understand" her directives to him. said Heymann, a Harvard Universi- individuals whose assets were frozen last October. But Treasury offi- and review of mandatory minimum At one session, a department source ty law professor who served as head cials said the sanctions apply to all officers, whether or not they are sentences. said, when Heymann sought to of the Justice Department's criminal included on the new list. "The attorney general has con- restate a point Reno had just made, division during the Carter adminis- cluded that our operational and she snapped at him: "No, that's not tration. Reports Spread of Fraud Among Recipients of Quake Aid Clinton Urs- c {es Increased Control LOS.ANGELES TIMES LOS ANGELES OfInformation The suspension of standard screening procedures in an earthquake Superighway food stamp program has apparently unleashed a flood of false and By Jube Shiver Jr. cable operators. administration also hopes to ensure inflated claims for the emergency benefits, officials and applicants LOS ANGELES TIMES The administration's proposal, that the information can travel said Thursday. WASHINGTON outlined at a Thursday morning seamlessly to and from homes, Officials with the county Department of Public Social Services In a controversial new proposal, briefing at the Commerce Depart- libraries, schools, businesses and said it is difficult to say how many of the applications are fraudulent. the Clinton administration said ment, would extend exclusive feder- government - creating an easily But with only a driver's license and a simple declaration required to Thursday it wants to pre-empt local al jurisdiction over companies that accessible information highway claim benefits - $446 for a family of five, for example - welfare authority over the so-called infor- offer both cable and telephone ser- rather than a proprietary one suit- workers said they have already confirmed a few cases of fraud and mation superhighway by broadening vices or other two-way, broad-band able only for specialized use. fear there are many more. the federal role in overseeing cable digital communications services. Brown said that the administra- Ed Tanaka, director of the county Department of Public Social and telephone companies and other Currently, telephone companies tion's goal was a reform package Services, said he is considering increasing documentation require- technology providers. are regulated as so-called common ments to assure that applicants meet low-income standards and come "that is both pro-business and pro- In an I -page "white paper" that carriers by both state and federal from earthquake-damaged homes. To require more information, the consumer." He added that the fleshed out the administration's pre- regulators. By contrast, cable TV county must receive a waiver from the U.S. Department of Agricul- vious call for more competition in operators have no obligation under administration is hoping to get its ture, which oversees the food stamp program. the growing telecommunications federal or state law to provide unfet- proposals attached to existing legis- "These lines are long and I don't like being held back because of industry, Commerce Secretary Ron tered access to anyone with the lation before Congress rather than other people's greed," said John Rogers, 36, after waiting four hours Brown and other Clinton adminis- means to pay to transmit communi- offer its own, package. in his wheelchair outside a welfare office in the San Fernando Valley. tration officials called for amending cations. But he acknowledged that the A disgusted man outside another office said he heard a fellow the 60-year-old communications act As big companies like US West, administration's proposal could applicant discuss using his proceeds to buy drugs and others openly to treat all the players alike and do Bell Atlantic, TCI and Time Warner "make states profoundly unhappy," admitting they had suffered no damage in the quake. away with the current disparate rush to modernize the nation's elec- and stressed that the administration I I treatment of common carriers and tronic information highway, the is flexible. - --- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
r ------Graduate Welcome Back to another Fun-Filled Semester at Student Military Industrial Tech! Council
18 ae am a i l a9 sas 'You can add yourself to the GSC mailing GENERAL MEETING list. Simply log onto Athena and type blanche gsc-students -a your login THURSDAY, FEB. 3 AT 17:30 Free Pizza and Sodas! I I The Educational Studies Program is an opportunity for MIT students to learn about teaching while doing something for the community and having fun! You can design and teach a course on just about anything to high school students, or you can help pout with organising people who want to teach. Contact ESP at x3-4882. m ! IFhe Muddy Charles Pub now has a non-smoking Section! Come enjoy America's most popular drug in air free of America's second most popular drug! Just Say No to (other) Drugs! Funding Board forms for Spring term available at the GSC office!
_ __ I' Page4 - THF TRfTT - >1 ' A t = I , January 28, 1994. OPINION I-"- -- --I - - '' cl' r 9 I I - - lr-U8~l/l~l,tt(SUV,1 0~0 AJl^J7L IS-7I l^~ UV A/jL ssujijvvji vt I - HASS-D Lottery Experiment All in all, we believe the system worked forced to expend their money in order to pur- very well: 1119 students of the 1206 who chase goods in the marketplace. As they do Was Successful entered the lottery (over 90 percent) got their so, they are left with less money to compete 1 with As the designer of the Athena side of the nirst-cnoic-e class. AD Takamori notes, even he those who have hoarded it for certain Chairman new Humanities, Arts, and Social Science got the class he wanted! important issues like attaining the basic goods required for life. Replace 10 votes with 10 Jeremy Hylton '94 Distribution lottery system, I would like to (Enrollment for the second lottery, for respond to Daiji Takamori's recent letter to those who did not like their initial assignment dollars and the proportional voting system Editor in Chief the editor [HASS-D Lottery Is Unfair, Jan. or did not enter the first lottery, remains open becomes almost a market voting system. Eva Moy '95 19]. until noon on Jan. 27, and results will be The only problem with Guinier's system is It is true that the January 5th cut-off for returned by midnight of that day. To enter the that the number of votes allocated remains Business Manager making selections would have required stu- second lottery from Athena, type "add hass-d" fixed. While the minority gains some power, Benjamin A. Tao G dents to make their choices during finals if followed by "xenroll" or "enroll.") they will be doomed to only winning those Andy Oakland, Programmer, Distributed fewest issues of greatest importance because Managing Editor they were not returning to campus for IAP. However, because we provided selection Computing and Network Services the majority will always have more votes Michelle Sonu '96 numbers to the departments this early, they from the start. The market addresses this prob- were able to add five new sections. There is a lem by granting more dollars to each person Executive Editor Proportional Representation who produces better or cheaper products for Sarah Y. Keightley '95 tradeoff between requiring early responses and having enough time to act on the respons- Not the Answer the whole. Thus a very resourceful minority can build up "votes" in the marketplace by NEWS STAFF es; in this case, I think having 125 new seats In reading Lani Guinier's argument for representation [The Tech, Jan. "voting" wisely in ways that produce more for Editor: I-lyun Soo Kim '96; Associate added to the most popular classes shows that proportional 191, I was struck by how close she has come the whole. Better still, the folks who didn't Etl.rs: Damy Amart '07, IfMimnr I u '97; we made the right decision. gain 'votes" still win as iihere are better pirod- Staff: Rahul T. Rao '94, Trudy Liu '95, Ben The reason for initially having two lotter- to the classic arguments of free market advo- ucts for the whole to partake of. Reis '95, Nicole A. Sherry '95, Kevin ies was to allow for the inevitable uncertain- cates. Realizing the tyranny of the majority, Subramanya '95, Charu Chaudhry '96, ties of a new system. Now that the system has she proposes giving a certain number of votes Supporters of proportional representation Deena Disraelly '96, Michael A. been proven to work, we agree with Takamori to each person. These are then expended as should concur that the best vehicle for Saginaw '96, Lawrence K. Chang '97, that the advantages of a single lottery out- they are used on a number of rival options. minority empowerment is in fact a free mar- A. Arif Husain '97, Matt Mucklo '97, weigh the disadvantages, and consequently, in Thus, the majority loses its power as it uses up ketplace of both products and ideas. Res- Gabriel J. Riopel '97, Rishi Shrivastava '97; the future we will hold a single lottery on reg- its votes, while the minority may concentrate olute support of the Bill of Rights and limi- Meteorologists: Michael C. Morgan G, istration day. If students make their selections and hoard its votes to win targeted issues of tation of government intrusiveness will go a Yeh-Kai Tung '93, Arnold Seto '96, Marek early enough, we will still be able to provide great importance. lot farther towards that end than new voting Zebrowski. this information to the departments in time for In a market system, where people "vote" schemes. I 1 them to add new sections before the lottery. with their dollars, the wealthy are likewise Vernon Imrich G PRODUCTION STAFF I - - - I-- i Editors: Matthew E. Konosky '95, Garlen C. Leung '95, Teresa Lee '96; Associate LA Quake Displays Need for Mass Transit Editors: Ernst Smith '97, Daniel C. Stevenson '97; Staff: Patrick Mahoney '94, By Anders W. Hove on government trains; the Conrail tracks are There is no question that freeways changed Ling Liao '95, Jared Cottreil '97, Geoff Lee ASSGCIA TE OPINION EDITOR right over here by Vassar Street. the way we live today. Instead of staying root- Seyon '97, Joo Youn Park '97, Jimmy When most of us think about big govern- Government did not run private transit out ed in close-knit central cities, wealthier resi- Wong '97. ment, we conjure up images of some dark, of business on its own. In 1925 General dents fled to the suburbs that sprung up all smoky room where fat, ugly Washington pols Motors began its campaign to drive American along the new ribbons of concrete, taking their OPINION STAFF would gather to figure out the best way to streetcar lines out of business. It succeeded in tax dollars with them. Since most of the city's Editor: Michael K. Chung '94; Associate screw their constituents. 'Weli i've got news buying up and tearing out streetcar lines in money followed this "white flight," ma!ls, Editor: Anders Hove '96; Staff: Matt for you. Looking for big government? It's such cities as Portland and New York. In office and industrial "parks" were also thrown Neimark '95. right under your tires. 1938, GIM, Standard Oil, and Firestone Tire & up near interstate on ramps. Inner cities became In 1956 Congress passed the Interstate Rubber formed a subsidiary called "Pacific ghettos inhabited only by those too poor to flee. F SPORTS STAFF Highway Act. The Interstates had been pro- City Lines" to dismantle lines in San Jose, What economic activity remained was sup- the same three pressed by the high taxes needed to sustain the Associate Editor: Eric M. Oliver G; Staff: moted by an irresistible array of interests, Stockton and Fresno. In 1943 Mike Duffy G, Andrew Heitner G, Thomas including the automobile, steel, tire, asphalt companies bought out the tracks in 19 more services that the central cities performed for aME Kettler G, Ognen J. Nastov G, Bo Light '96, and cement industries. Because the new roads cities, including the "Big Red" line in Los their poorest citizens, and to continue building Koichi Kunitake '97, Dan Wang '97. would link almost every city of over 50,000 Angeles. In 1949 a federal grand jury indicted new freeways on the fringes. Soon the suburbs x people, the bill had the support of almost GM for criminal conspiracy in the "Big Red" themselves became intolerable, and the flight to AEm ARTS STFF everyone in Congress. It is significant that the case, and threatened further legal action. Nev- "exurbia" began, driving the need for more Editors: Ann Ames '92, J. Michael largest public works project in the history of ertheless, GM managed to rip out over 100 pavement, and still more cars. Andresen '94; Associate Editor: Scott government was proposed by a republican streetcar systems nationwide by 1950. By the Urban sprawl is so endemic today that it Deskin '96; Staff: Thomas Chen G, Dave president, Dwight Eisenhower. Under the pro- time antitrust investigators could go to work, would be ridiculous to suggest discarding our E Fox G, Allen Jackson '94, John Jacobs '94, visions of the 1956 law, 41,000 miles of the deed was done. American mass-transit IE Kaiteh Tao '94, Craig K. Chang '96, Anne divided, limited access, multi-lane highway was dead. Hove, Page 55 Wall. were laid down. Hundreds of thousands of
PHOTOGRAPHY STAFF people worked, and still work, to make sure that middle class constituents in almost every Editor: Josh Hartmann '93; Staff: Jason congressional district have somewhere to LIFE IN LA NOW YOU HAVE Fleischer G, Simson L. Garfinkcl '87, Dan HAS CHANGED TO KEEP NONPERISLABL5 drive their cars. Government poured more SINCE THE QUAJUE... e Gruhl '94, Rich Domonkos '95, Sherrif FOOD ON HAND... E concrete than would be needed to build Los Ibrahim '96, Lenny Speiser '96, Justin _./ i Strittmatter '96, Sharon N. Young Pong '96, Angeles hundreds of times over. By building the Interstates, government Thomas R. Karlo '97, Helen Lin '97. 0M m twisted the free market in several important L r, m FEATURES STAFF ways. Of course, no private firm has ever con- i= Christopher Doerr G. Pawan Sinha G, structed a freeway. But before the government Mark Hurst '94, Cherry Ogata '94, Steve began subsidizing automobile firms and truck- Hwang '95. ing companies by building their roads for them, the country did have a perfectly viable BUSINESS STA4FF transportation system: the railroads and street- i Advertising Manager: Pradeep Sree- cars that had driven the economy for fifty PLENTY OF AND TmAT'S JUST kanthan '95; Associate Advertising FOR'THE MORMING a; years. Private corporations - the railroads - DRINKING WATER.., COMMUTIE. Manager: Anna Lee '97; Accounts somehow managed to ship both goods and A SLEEPING BAG... Manager: Oscar Yeh '95; Staff: Mary S.m people all around the country in a timely and Chen '97. efficient manner. People in many towns used EDITORS A T Lr-RGE to set their clocks by the whistle of a train. By Contributing Editors: Matthew H. 1970, almost all commercial passenger lines Hersch '94, Yuch Z. Lee '95, Eric had gone out of business, and so had a number Richard '95; Senior Editor: Vipul of key freight lines. The government became Bhushan G. worried that its freeways would put the rail- roads out of Business altogether - so worried, ADVISORY BO,4 RD in fact, that it got into the railroading business V. Michael Bove '83, Robert E. itself. Fruit is now shipped from LA to Boston ------Malchman '85, Thomas T. Huang '86, Jonathan Richmond PhD '91, Reuven M. __ ,, - - - -- C ------C--1. ----- s - I -- r -s--· Lerner '92. days before the date of publication. PRODUCTIONSTAFF FOR T/IfS ISSUE Opinion Policy Letters and cartoons must bear the author's signatures, address- Night Editors: Matthew E. Konosky '95, Editorials, printed in a distinctive format, are the official opin- es, and phone numbers. Unsigned letters will not be accepted. No Teresa Lee '96; Associate Editor: Jimmy ion of The Tech. They are written by the editorial board, which con- letter or cartoon will be printed anonymously without the express Wong '97; Staff: Jererny Hylton '94, Yueh sists of the chairman, editor in chief, managing editor, executive prior approval of The Tech. The Tech reserves the right to edit or MF Z. Lee '95, Eva Moy '95, Hyun Soo Kim editor, news editors, and opinion editors. condense letters; shorter letters will be given higher priority. Once '96, Michelle Sonu '96, Thomas R. Karlo Dissents, marked as such and printed in a distinctive format, are submitted, all letters become property of The Tech, and will not be SE '97, Joo Youn Park '97, Geoff Lee the opinions of the signed members of the editorial board choosing returned. We regret we cannot publish all of the letters we receive. i} Seyon'97, Emst Smith '97. to publish their disagreement with the editorial. The Tech (ISSN 0148-9607) is published on Tuesdays and Columns and editorial cartoons are written by individuals and To Reach Us Fridays during the academic year (except during MIT represent the opinion of the author, not necessarily that of the news- vacations), Wednesdays during January. and monthly Electronic mail is the easiest way to reach any member of our during the summer for $20 00 per year Third Class by Ahe paper. Tech. Room W20-483. 84 Massachusetts Ave., Cambndge. staff. Mail to specific departments may be sent to the following Mass. 02139-0901. lThird Class postage paid at Boston, Letters to the editor are welcome. They must be typed, double- Mass. Non-profit Organization Permit No 59720 addresses on the Internet: [email protected], news@the- POSTMASTER: Please send all address changes to our spaced and addressed to The Tech, P.O. Box 397029, Cambridge, tech.mit.edu, [email protected], [email protected], mailing address- The Tech, P.O. 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L - ------·------,, January 28, 1994 * : flTuWTminwT ------*-- « ------_ ____\tri_. Pl v vtll T_ age 5Jo_ __- Gun Co , ^ yL------nonrlLgislation Ineifective .______tllLMF Gun Control egislation InefetvIn nleuiReducin Crim.r I -- -j r -- -m I6 n I' By Michael K. Chung v The underlying premise of nearly every OPINION EDITOR prevention against crime (66 percent rate) tion to type of gun control is that crime will be allow gun purchases if the usual route i The recent passage of the Brady biii from results of Chicago robberies in the of procedure puts a reduced. This is not necessarily the case. Gun is blocked. five-day waiting period on the purchase of i 970s. However, control inevitably delays the purchase of a if this ideal system were in firearms. The time is to be used to do back- However, it is true that victims have used place, criminals weapon by honest people who need a gun for would become aware of it and ground checks on persons purchasing guns incorrectly: for instance, shot someone obtain guns. If self defense. Sometimes extreme circum- their guns elsewhere. In the unlikely the buyer is found to be a convicted without proper justification, shot to kill when case that felon, stances require quick response. For instance, all firearms in the world were confis- mentally unstable, or otherwise dangerous, not necessary. It is therefore logical that any- cated, they the several years ago, a serial killer was on the would use different weapons or gun will not be sold to him. one who purchases a gun should have his even fabricate their loose in Gainesville, Florida. Naturally. Deo- own guns. Also, this time is alleged to reduce entire family go through a gun education and There is little the ple who wanted to defend themselves chose to evidence that gun control is chances of "passion crimes" and suicides handling seminar series. effective in curtailing by do so, be it with guns, knives, or baseball bats. crime. In fact, in the providing a "cool-down" period for Whether the "rules of the family gun" are 1960s, New Jersey the A 1985 National Institute of Justice report and Hawaii implemented would-be assailant. However, waiting periods taught within the household or by an authori- strict gun control by professors James Wright and Peter Rossi laws only to see murders, for gun purchases are ineffective in ty, it is vital that those around a gun know rapes, and robberies reducing found that "the armed citizen or the threat of soar by staggering violent crime, and in no way attack the how it is to be used. Such programs surely amounts - up to root of the armed citizen is possibly the most effec- 326 percent over the follow- the problem. would be an effective way of promoting gun ing five years. tive deterrent to crime and the nation." More Therefore, implementation and Perhaps the most significant statistic safety and awareness, and a better use of pub- maintenance of waiting in than 1,800 prisoners were interviewed, and it periods and back- analyzing criminal gun use is the result lic funds than paying for background checks. ground check equipment of a was found that "85 percent agreed that the will cost large 1985 Justice Department study. According The simple fact is that criminals will find a amounts of time, money, to 'smart criminal' will attempt to find out if a and taxpayers' this report, "only 21 percent of felons' way to commit crimes. While it is a sound money, only to result hand- potential victim is armed; 75 percent felt bur- in an essentially useless guns were obtained through retail channels." idea that background checks be made to deter- network. giars avoided occupied dwellings for fear of If background checks are done, mine whether a person is trustworthy of own- Such resources would this figure being shot; 53 percent did not commit a spe- be better used in will certainly decline as criminals ing a gun, they do not justify the vast amounts punishing convicted who might cific crime for fear the victim was armed, and criminals more severely ordinarily purchase guns of effort and money required to establish an so that further from legitimate 57 percent of 'handgun predators' were crime is prevented, as "60 per- sources change scared effective system. cent their shopping habits. On tele- off or shot at by armed victims." of violent offenders were rearrested for a vision news, gang members across If an implemented system were ideal, the felony or misdemeanor," the nation Many acts of violent crime, including rape according to James [ commented that if background results would be obtainable instantly. This Wootton, president searches are and robbery, have been prevented through of the Safe Streets put into effect, then means that gun dealers or police stations Alliance in Washington, there will still be numer- effective and proper use of a firearm. Accord- DC. ous sources available to would have established databases and Imposing a obtain guns on the ing to "Gun Rights Fact Book" by Alan Got- waiting period and raising black market. advanced computing systems. In emergency license fees for gun tlieb, handgun use in self-defense was the best dealers will be ineffective cases, police officials would have authoriza- in reducing I r In rl violent crime in the US. I ocus Must Shift t r- Ai Toward Providing Public lansDortation Iw. _-- _ %-.s JL or-- an-- .nuve, rrom rage 4 Angeles. 15,000 people went to work on the I 40,000 cars off the I I roads "per peak traffic Century Freeway, it seemed that policy mak- new trains on their first day of service. The period." The $1 I national freeway system. But what would billion price tag on a com- ers in another L.S. citb had learned their les- I instant success of the line is even more incred- plete, 450-mile happen if all those freeways were to simply system shocked some; while son. ible when one considers that it was built in others made price comparisons disappear? What would today's policy mak- with construc- Federal lawmakers have yet to learn. This four days, stations and all. Officials of the tion on the valley's freeways. ers do if they had to start all over again, only The cost issue year Congress appropriated $305 million for California Transportation Authority simply was driven home without the wide-open space that surrounded in 1992, after the completion transportation "demonstration projects." Most borrowed private freight lines and purchased a of the 10-mile, $10 most cities before 1950? As post-quake Los billion "Century Free- of those projects, according to Congressional few passenger cars on cheaply - a simple way." When the new Angeles indicates, some changes would be route opened, transit Quarterly, demonstrated nothing more "than matter compared with the billions of dollars it authority officials made. announced that no major the ability of a new or larger road to carry will take to rebuild those collapsed freeways. freeway would ever According to the Department of Trans- be constructed in the more traffic." Meanwhile Congress spends The ease with which the line was opened begs greater Los Angeles portation, it will be more than six months area again. about $15 billion for construction and mainte- the question: Why don't we build more such Massachusetts before LA's five severely damaged freeways officials made a similar nance on federal and state highways. Only lines? announcement in the 1960s, can be rebuilt. Meanwhile, some lucky com- after proposals $4.5 billion goes to mass transit. There is still Californian policy makers had been work- for a concrete muters may avoid the automotive gridlock. corridor linking Beacon Hill nothing a Member of Congress enjoys ing on rail-transit long before last week's and Needham more Transportation Secretary Frederico were scrapped even after the than cutting the ribbon on a new, federally- Pena visit- quake. In 1991 eager Angelenos packed the groundbreaking. ed the city on Tuesday to inaugurate Instead the already bulldozed funded freeway. a new city's newly opened 114-mile "Metro Link," route 84-mile commuter was planted with trees. Roxbury Com- Boston stopped building new freeways railway connecting Lan- built entirely with public funds. Though fares munity in caster and Palmdale College was constructed at what the 1960s, Los Angeles in the 1990s. Now with downtown Los were high, the system took aan estimated would have been an interchange. I - - --- ~ Y - With the who will stop the feds? One of the largest sperm I ------banks in the United States MIL 3 got its is looking for donors, start at MIT...
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