SCOTLAND.—IRELAND.—PARIS. 865 addition. The necessity which impelled the managers Board was held last week. A motion to reconsider the- of the infirmary to divest themselves of the school duties and salaries of the medical superintendent, stewards, buildings and of any share in the management of the matron, grieve, and gardener was defeated by a large- medical school was that in Scotland extra-mural teaching was majority. A motion to pay the standard rate of wages in. declining owing to Scotchmen in growing numbers becoming connexion with all jobs given out by the district board was determined, when they entered the medical profession, to also defeated. The cost of Kingseat Asylum to date is enter it through the university and owing to the establish- .6132,121. ment of new colleges and universities in England where Enteric Fever at Peterhead. medicine was taught. Thus the managers of the infirmary The medical officer of health of the burgh of Peterhead their school came to the conclusion that only by medical reports that the number of cases of enteric fever notified to. of the of under the becoming a college University Glasgow him during the past week was eight. Nine cases have been provisions of the Universities Act could medical students removed to the hospital and 13 have been dismissed well, be attracted to the Royal Infirmary. In appealing to the while one death has occurred. 46 cases still remain in public for funds the governors of the college have always hospital. urged that the college existed primarily to advance the The -Piisliers’ Dispensary at Aberdeen. interests of the clinical students Royal Infirmary by securing The which is carried on at Point Law for the for its wards as clerks and dressers and that such dispensary treatment of cases among the was of students was to maintain the surgical fisher-people attendance requisite closed last week. The number of done the great traditions of the Royal Infirmary. The early dressings during season just ended was 1135 and the number of patients 345. appeals were generally made by the joint authority of Of this number 121 were fishermen and coopers and 224. the governors of the college and the infirmary board. In were curing women and girls. The dispensary is open only the Diamond Jubilee year a fund was opened for re- during the herring-fishing season of each year. building a portion of the Royal Infirmary as a memorial of was Sept. 17th. Queen Victoria. Subsequently it decided that the ______whole infirmary should be rebuilt, and for this purpose appeals for a large fund were made to the public. The governors of St. Mungo’s College resolved that in the cir- IRELAND. cumstances they should hold their hands in the way of ask- (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) ing for money. But about three years ago, owing largely to the effect of Mr. to the the Carnegie’s gifts universities, The Tuberculosis Exhibition. number of extra-mural medical students had so much further THE of the National Association for the Pre- declined that the governors found themselves confronted by secretary serious financial difficulties. It became that vention of Tuberculosis, Dublin, has written to the medical apparent only of the White Sanatorium for Con- by the step of raising a sufficient fund to warrant the superintendent Abbey which was founded the Belfast board of governors in the Council with a view to sumptives, by approaching Privy his aid in the formation of the have the college declared a college within the meaning of guardians, soliciting proposed Tuberculosis Exhibition in Dublin. The matter came for the Universities Act as the first procedure towards university up affiliation could these difficulties be met and the primary consideration at a meeting of the Belfast guardians on of the to afford to the Sept. llth, when it was decided to procure and to forward a object college-namely, Royal number of of the for the exhibition. Infirmary a sufficient number of clinical students-be carried photographs abbey out. This was communicated to the managers of the The Local Government Board and the Belfast Health infirmary who were asked to assist the college in making a Authorities. representation to the public. Prolonged negotiations The auditor of the Irish Local Government Board has- thereupon took place between the governors and managers reported to the finance committee of the Belfast corporation of the two institutions which culminated in the that he has disallowed the expenditure of E10 10s. incurred joint meeting of last week. The final decision of the for the printing of posters issued by the Belfast public managers of the infirmary is that they will not bear health committee in reference to physical degeneration. He funds to the affiliation the any part in raising bring about of says that the representative of the Belfast and Ulster on its basis. It in course of the college existing emerged Vintners’ Association at ended when he was going into the discussion that the are of that a’ managers generally opinion accounts and objected to such an expenditure. I append school at the is and’ complete Royal Infirmary unnecessary the editorial comments of one of the leading Irish papers, that students from the at Gilmorehill be to’ university might the Northern Whig of Sept. 17th, on the matter :- some extent induced to attend the classes of the final of’ year Does the Local Board the the medical and thus Government suggest that city council curriculum at the Royal Infirmary is not legitimately interested in the health of the city, and that it provide a sufficient number of clinical students for the wards would be illegal in the case of a visitation of cholera, typhoid, or small- ’ pox for the corporation to spend money in advising the people to look Dundee Royal Infirmary. after their drains, water-supply, and backyards? It appears that it A meeting of the governors of the Dundee Royal Infirmary was the publicans who objected to the posters, from which we conclude that thev dealt with the evils of intemperance. But we have always was held Mr. J. W. who recently. Fleming, presided, been told that the licensing interest was itself hostile to intemperance- reported that the gynaecologists and surgeons were now find- and anxious to check its ravages Yet it appears that the trade and the room for carrying out the donor’s intentions, nott Local Government Board now join hands in their objection to temper- ing ample ance the Board will take the trouble to its in of cancer but also of other placards. Perhaps explain only respect surgical ailments,’ action in this matter, so that we shall know in the future whether it is. in the new buildings provided by Mr. J. K. Caird. He also’ really forbidden for the corporation to spend money in promoting expressed the hope that when the arrangements now int public health. progress for the special investigation of cancer were complete; Sept. 17th. the desire of the donor to throw light on the disease would be fulfilled. The municipal dispensary for consumption had now PARIS. been at work for several months in the out-patient depart- ment and the results were likely to prove of great value. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) Difficulty had been found in dealing with patients in the wards who were in the advanced stages of and consumption The Appointment of a Communal Medical Officer Declared he thought that the provision for those cases which were a Illegal. real source of danger to the should not fall on a community A SIKGULAB incident in connexion with medical charitable institution but that the cases should be dealt with practice by the authorities under the Notification of Infectious has occurred in a commune in the department of Haute Garonne. As there was no medical man in this commune an Diseases Act. The meeting approved of a scheme for the extension and better equipment of the laundry, for improving attempt was made to induce one to settle there by offering him a fixed for several Several who the internal arrangements between the inain block and the salary years. persons would in the usual course have to contribute to the cancer and for additional accommodation expense hospital, providing the in the out-patient department to enable the medical officers thereupon asked Council of State to declare this offer and a decision was in their favour. The to carry on their work with convenience. It was illegal given greater Council of State held that the law announced that the improvements would cost .E1570. only permitted municipal councils to provide gratuitous medical aid for paupers. Aberdeen District Lunacy Board. There might be exceptional circumstances in which it would The monthly meeting of the Aberdeen District Lunac3 be permissible to provide medical aid for persons who had no 866 PARIS.-COPENHAGEN.

means of obtaining it, but this was not so in the commune sick clubs as comply with certain conditions. At the present under consideration, and the local authority (conseil muni- time 379 clubs, with a membership of 500,000 persons, cipal) had exceeded its powers in proposing to assign an are recognised by the State, and the sum paid in support of annual salary to a medical man who would attend all the them by the State runs into millions of crowns. Against inhabitants, rich and poor indiscriminately, without taking this overwhelming coalition of clubs the practitioners were fees from individual patients. often unable to hold their own, but the Danish General Responsibilities of Pharmaceutical Chemists and Parents. Medical Association has finally succeeded in creating a modus vivendi to the satisfaction of both parties concerned, In a 12 of asked a December, 1906, girl, years age, so that now the works It is to chemist for which would machinery quite smoothly. pharmaceutical something destroy be hoped that, backed up as it is now by the whole of the warts growing on her hands. He gave her some nitrate the Danish General Medical Association will be of her that she must it to the warts profession, mercury, telling apply able to assist in working out a bright future for its members. with the end of a match every two hours. After the first application her hands and arms were swollen and her hands Treatment of Lupus. were severely burned ; three months subsequently cicatrices Among the scientific contributions to the meeting the had formed and recovery was still incomplete. The girl’s report of the director of the Finsen Light Institute, Dr. mother brought an action against the pharmaceutical Forchhammer, took a prominent place. Having chosen the chemist for 10,000 francs, on the ground that her different local treatments of lupus for his subject, he con- daughter had suffered material injury on account of the ceded that the x rays were certainly able to do a consider- scars ; moreover, she had been practising on the piano able amount of good, especially in the hypertrophic form of with a view to becoming a teacher of music, but her injuries lupus, but recurrence took place only too easily. In some had prevented her from playing for several months. The cases recovery might be brought about by freezing the court ordered the defendant to pay 50 francs fine and affected area but necrosis was not seldom seen to set in, 500 francs damages, as although the application of the especially in the case of the tip or alæ of the nose mercurial caustic had not affected the girl’s health she had being treated in this way, so that the patient’s last state nevertheless sustained a definite injury because the cicatrices was worse than his first. The best form of local would probably not disappear entirely ; the mother was also treatment was the Finsen light treatment. In cases failed to out the directions of the to blame for having carry of more than five years’ standing it was often impossible to for intrusted to pharmaceutical chemist and having her child get a successful result, but even in these cases the patients a been more careful servant, whereas if she had the accident were as a rule considerably improved and the spreading of might have been avoided. the destructive process was prevented. In more recent cases Typhoid Fever in Algeria. the results were extremely satisfactory and such cases might in the future be to form the of the clinical There have recently been many cases of typhoid fever at expected majority material of the institute. Out of 500 recent cases whose Blidah, and in consequence the general in command of the 19th Army Corps has been inspecting the barracks of the duration was from one to four years 53 per cent. had 1st regiment of the Chasseurs d’Afrique. These have been recovered, and this result had been verified by observation over two or more. An additional evacuated and all necessary sanitary measures have been extending years proportion taken. 18 patients were moved into hospital and of these of 22 per cent. had also recovered, but the time of observa- six have died. tion was too short to decide whether the good effect would be permanent ; 12 per cent, were still under treatment on A Ward the Hospital for Victims of Motor-cars. account of frequent relapses usually arising in the mucous About a year ago a New York barrister was the victim of membrane of the nose. In several of these cases the pro- a motor-car accident just outside Lisieux. He was taken gnosis was, perhaps, bad. In 13 per cent. the treatment to the hospital of that town and died there some weeks later. had been discontinued and of these patients about one-half In honour of his memory the family of the deceased have had died. Dr. Forchhammer illustrated his remarks by founded a new ward which is to be specially used for the showing about 100 lupus patients who had not previously victims of motor-car accidents and the foundation stone was made their appearance at any congress. recently laid in the presence of of the representatives family, The National Serum Institute Denmark. while the Mayor of Lisieux made a speech thanking those of who had so generously added to the resources of the hospital. At the same meeting Dr. Thorvald Madsen read a paper Sept.17th. on the work of the National Serum Institute of Denmark. ______I This institution provides the profession with all the needed antidiphtheria serum at a nominal price. Researches carried COPENHAGEN. out by Dr. Madsen and Dr. Henderson having shown that two or three were before the maximum amount (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) days required of diphtheria antitoxin passed into the blood from a quantity into the subcutaneous Dr. Madsen recom- The Danish General JledioaZ Association. injected tissue, mended intravenous injections in exceptionally serious cases. ON August 22nd and 23rd the twenty-ninth meeting of It would also be well to give preventive injections where ’the Danish General Medical Association was hell in a spreading of the infection was likely to occur-as, for and at the same time the association celebrated Copenhagen, instance, in schools. By this means Dr. Maag had the fiftieth of its It was founded on anniversary origin. been able to stamp out an epidemic in a Danish public and its members Sept. lst, 1857, by 80 country practitioners school. Professor Dreyer’s researches on the standardisation have gone on steadily increasing until at the beginning of of the Widal test were then alluded to. When carried out the finished numbered in other meeting just they 1300 ; in the usual way with living typhoid bacilli the test was very included all the of Denmark. words, they nearly practitioners inaccurate, as the same serum might agglutinate one race of One of the events of the was that the great meeting bacilli and fail to do so with another. Professor Dreyer had Association of Junior Medical the of which Men, membership therefore prepared a standardised emulsion of typhoid bacilli all Danish medical men not in comprises yet practice, killed by means of formol and this emulsion was more became with the older so that now incorporated association, sensitive than the living bacilli, at the same time giving practically all the medical men of Denmark to the number of absolutely constant results. Killed standardised emulsions 1600 are united in one The of the strong society. activity of typhoid and bacilli are supplied to the pro- Danish General Medical Association its paratyphoid has, during long fession by the institute. Dr. Madsen showed a handy and existence, been very advantageous both to the public at large inexpensive thermostat devised by Professor Dreyer. It and to the itself. Here I will mention one of profession only could be purchased for 5s. and enabled any to the difficult which the association has practitioner many questions brought carry out for himself the Widal macroscopic test. to a successful issue. At the first meeting in 1857 Dr. Krebs Sept.16th. read a paper on the distress prevalent among the manufac- turing population, for the alleviation of which he recom- mended the foundation of sick clubs. As a pbilan- ENTERIC FEVER IN THE PONTYPOOL DISTRICT.- thropic institution the sick clubs were so strenuously The report of Dr. R W. Johnstone, of the Local Government supported by the practitioners, that an astonishing Board, who investigated the recent outbreak of enteric fever in development has taken place, with the final result that the Pontypool district, has just been issued. Dr. Johnstone perhaps one-half of the population of Denmark belongs to states that there can be little doubt that enteric fever was such clubs or friendly societies. In 1892 a law was passed ;tarted at Pontypool by specifically polluted water from the concerning the recognition and support by the State of such well of the gasworks.