G. Vanheurnii, G
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PERSOONIA Published by the Rijksherbarium, Leiden Volume Part 7, I, pp. 55-118 (1972) Species of Ganoderma and related genera mainly of the Bogor and Leiden Herbaria R.L. Steyaert Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, Bruxelles (With nine Text-figures and Plates 1-15) This contribution to the knowledge of the Aphyllophorales is dedicated to Dr. M. A. Donk and this as a tribute to his life-long endeavour to put the systematics the taxonomy of challeng- order sound basis. ing on a A collection of South Asian specimens of Ganoderma and various other collections have been studied and taxonomically as to spore, pore anatomic- devised the author al cutis characters by using a technique by (Steyaert, it of botanical material 1946: 1 37; 1947 : 47); allows microtome sections to be mounted immediately in Canada balsam. Three and of the studied described genera 15 39 species are as new. All indicated species are from Indonesia except when otherwise; they are Humphreya, Haddowia, Magoderna, and Ganoderma kosteri (The Netherlands), G. vanheurnii, G. manoutchehrii (Iran), G. dejongii, G. donkii, G. puglisii (Italy), G. bruggemanii, G. trulla, G. trulliforme, G. lamaoense (Philippines), G. leytense (Philippines), G. ahmadii (West Pakistan), Humphreya endertii, Haddowia aëtii, Magoderna vansteenisii (Indonesia and Australia). Eight new combinations G. are proposed, viz. G. petchii (Lloyd), weberianum (Bres. & Henn.), Humphreya lloydii (Pat. & Har.), H. coffeatum (Berk.), Amauroderma preussii (P. Henn.) (syn. Ganoderma sikorae Bres., G. rubeolum Bres.) (predominantly African), Haddowia longipes (Lév.), Magoderna infundibuliforme (Wakef.), M. subresinosum (Murrill). The of wit Over. names two important species, to G. pseudoferreum (Wakef.) & Steinm. and rivulosum Pat. & Har. become of G. synonyms previously whose combinations G. & published names, correct are philippii (Bres. Henn.) Bres., and G. weberianum (Bres. & Henn.) Nov. comb., respectively. Ganoderma lucidum and G. resinaceum Boud. (Curt. ex Fr.) Karst. are redefined characters and especially on spore previously unreported which infallible in the Ganoderma prove distinguishing two species. chaffangeoniiPat., G. sessile Murrill, G. polychromum (Copel.) Murrill, G. praelongum Murrill, G. and G. Atk. in the argillaceum Murrill, subperforatum are placed synonymy of G. resinaceum the basis of their features. on spore The Amauroderma understood is examined. genus as currently critically Three for mixture new genera ( Humphreya, Haddowia, Magoderna) are set up a ofAmauroderma and Ganoderma species. Additional details and distributional information are given for the received combinations previously published species that new (mentioned well for the above) as as following species: Ganoderma applanatum (Pers. ex S. F. Gray) Karst., G. tornatum (Pers.) Bres., G. brownii (Murrill) Gilbertson, G. adspersum (Schulzer) Donk, G. mirabile (Lloyd) Humphrey, G. philippii 55 55 56 PERSOONIA Vol. 7, Part i, 1972 (Bres. & Henn.) Bres., G. williamsianum Murrill, G. tropicum (Jungh.) Bres., G. flexipes Pat., G. chalceum (Cooke) Stey., G. amboinense (Lam. ex Fr.) Pat., subtornatum G. lucidum resinaceum G. Murrill, (Curt, ex Fr.) Karst., G. Boud, G. colossus F. & (Fr.) C. Baker, and Amauroderma rugosum (Bl. Nees) Torrend. Introduction The author's interest in the Ganoderma awakened genus was some forty years ago contact diseased when as a recently appointed plant pathologist he came into with oil palms in the Belgian Congo. It should be remembered that the oil palm, Elaeis then little than wild that had been guineensis Jacq., was more a plant fairly recently brought into cultivation, on a small scale in Africa but more extensively in South- east Asia. By then only elementary knowledge of its diseases had been gained. their of Ganoderma and Amongst causes species appeared to occur not infrequently to some literaturerelating them already existed. As to the identificationofthe species involved however the problem was practically at a deadlock not only in the herbaria much of than but evidently more so in the field. Besides an imposing array more 200 binomials of the existed and exists published no published monograph genus none that to-day. Patouillard's brief paper of 1889 only reviewed the species known at and it became obsolete under the avalanche of binomials time, soon published the of this The Leus mostly at beginning century. papers by Humphrey & (1931, 1932) treated only the Ganoderma applanatum group as it occurred on the Philippine the Islands. These publications mark however an important turning point in study of the anatomicalfeatures and Polyporaceae as they put strong emphasis on employed the elaborate devised the end of the last and more laboratory technique at century the three first decades of the current. These publications are perhaps among the in connection with most important Polyporaceae; they were certainly momentous at the time of their publication. It is to be regretted that the example was not followed more extensively. We might probably have been spared the abundance that have been of of systems suggested for the splitting of the very extensive family lata into and all the controversies Polyporaceae sensu genera they engendered. The author's for the of the Ganoderma started in concern systematics genus 1951 and has since remained the principal subject of his researches, except for a thirteen months period in 1952-3 when having a leave of absence as an FAO phytopathol- in Iran. ogical expert During these well nigh twenty years a considerable amount of labour has beep devoted documents examined to establishing iconographical of every specimen without which one cannot proceed to the distribution into species. During the first ten years research was restricted first to the Congo and then to Africa in general. This extension to the whole of Africa appeared to be insufficient because of the considerable number of species that could be distinguished. From 1961 onward research was extended to material of the whole world and an extensive study was carried out of type specimens that had been published from other regions than Africa. This much better has been policy proved to be rewarding as a knowledge STEYAERT On Ganoderma and related : genera 57 gained about the palmicolous species of Ganoderma (Steyaert, ig6yb), whose distri- bution patterns are either Americano-African, African, Asiatic, or pantropical. The need of is for Ganoderma but also for a monograph evident, not only so many other extensive genera of fungi whose study has been left in abeyance. Yet taxon- such of omists shy at undertaking enterprises; they mean many years perseverance and devotion. If however such undertakings are not fulfilled soon a time will come that the superabundance of published binomials will prevent them. It will by then have become for such task. there impossible a single person to attempt a Although be still of the world that there is may some corners are insufficiently explored already the herbaria where an abundance of specimens lying idle in they are unfortunately destruction. The destruction of the Berlin herbariumand few exposed to possible a others of this In this two made of are telling examples danger. paper suggestions are what could have happened had the Berlin collections been totally destroyed: the binomials Ganoderma philippii and G. weberianum would have been irretrievably 'lost'. it be Since the Berlin herbarium was particularly rich in type specimens may assumed that such losses must really have happened in regard with other binomials of fungi. accumulated wealth Time has come that in the very near future the of specimens herbaria be taken of of the in the must advantage by elaborating monographs many giant genera that have been neglected in this regard. Nowadays much time and taxonomic efforts are spent to write local floras although for many species knowledge is inadequate or even faulty. The author does not wish to discredit these floras; fill need but still there can be no doubt that in they certainly an undisputed many with bricks. a part they remind of buildings many faulty-baked this the first of size from accumulation of docu- Since paper is some resulting an ments pertaining to the species of Ganoderma it appears desirable to go into the these and how obtained. description, once and for all, of documents they were or are ELABORATION OF THE ICONOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION The successive stages for each specimen are as follows: when received three (i) Specimens on loan are photographed ; two or photographs of the of section of basidioma cut into are taken : one upper surface, one a a halves, perhaps one of the pore side if it has any noteworthy peculiarities, and one of the basidioma taken sideways ifit is stipitate. The photographic prints are to be enlarged in order to obtain an exactly life-size picture of the specimen. block is of section of (ii) (a) A small ( d; 3-4 X 8-9 mm) cut out along a plane to the basidioma (Steyaert, ig6yb) so that the narrow edge of the block is parallel the general direction of the hyphae (Steyaert, ig6ya\ Jig. 1). (b) A block of the tube layer (± 8 X 15-16 mm) is cut out. The blocks boiled in (c) two are water. (iii) In order to obtain the spore mounts the block of the tube layer is taken out of the drained of and with the downward and water, excess water squeezed pores Persoonia Vol. Part 58 7, i, 1972 the tubes vertical over a slide. Two or three drops ofwater are evenly spread out and the slide heater low When left to dry on a at relatively temperature. dry one or two of Canada balsam the slide. It be useful add of drops are dripped on may to a drop chloralphenol and let it spread out together with the balsam. This will facilitate the elimination of air bubbles from the spores. The slide is left a few moments to let of the from the Canada balsam and evaporate most xylene a cover glass (20 X 40 mm) is then applied.