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Diversity of Short-Horned Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from Forested Region of Kolhapur District, Maharashtra, India of Northern Western Ghats Sunil M

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Diversity of Short-Horned Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from Forested Region of Kolhapur District, Maharashtra, India of Northern Western Ghats Sunil M World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Bioengineering and Life Sciences Vol:12, No:10, 2018 Diversity of Short-Horned Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from Forested Region of Kolhapur District, Maharashtra, India of Northern Western Ghats Sunil M. Gaikwad, Yogesh J. Koli, Gopal A. Raut, Ganesh P. Bhawane Shishodia and Tandon [15], Dey and Hazra [16], Shishodia et Abstract—The present investigation was directed to study the al. [17], Mandal and Yadav [18], Gupta et al. [19], Sharma et diversity of short-horned grasshoppers from a forested area of al. [20], Kulkarni and Sharma [21] and Kulkanrni and Kolhapur district, Maharashtra, India, which is spread along the hilly Shishodia [22], [23]. From Maharashtra, some contribution terrain of the Northern Western Ghats. The collection was made was given by [8], [14], [20]-[23]. during 2013 to 2015, and identified with the help of a reference collection of ZSI, Kolkata, and recent literature and dry preserved. The present investigation was directed to study the diversity The study resulted in the enumeration of 40 species of short-horned of Caelifera from regions of the Western Ghats from Kolhapur grasshoppers belonging to four families of suborder: Caelifera. The districts including protected areas. Three major protected areas family Acrididae was dominant (27 species) followed by Tetrigidae fall under the study area viz. Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary, (eight species), Pyrgomorphidae (four species) and Chorotypidae Amba Reserve Forest and Chandoli National Park which is (one species). The report of 40 species from the forest habitat of the spread along the hilly terrain of the Sahyadri ranges of study region highlights the significance of the Western Ghats. Ecologically, short-horned grasshoppers are integral to food chains, Western Ghats of Maharashtra, India. The western boundary being consumed by a wide variety of animals. The observations of of Kolhapur district was bounded by the Western Ghats started the present investigation may prove useful for conservation of the from the north-west Chandoli National Park (CNP) to the Diversity in Northern Western Ghats. southwest forests of Tilari Nagar of Chandgad Tehsil. The study area consists of southern semi-evergreen; moist mixed Keywords—Diversity, Kolhapur, Northern Western Ghats, Short- deciduous and evergreen type of forest with mixed patches of horned grasshoppers. grassland which supports the huge biodiversity must need to explore. I. INTRODUCTION UB-ORDER Caelifera is a group of short-horned II. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sgrasshoppers of the order Orthoptera. This group was The extensive surveys were made from fields of Western previously rather fairly known from Maharashtra because the Ghats regions of Kolhapur districts during 2013 to 2016. The majority of Caelifera is diurnal and some of them are sampling of short-horned insects was done by standard insect nocturnal insects. The suborder Caelifera classified into four collection methods at day time, mostly, along with some time families under viz. Acrididae, Chorotypidae, Pyrgomorphidae at evening. The short-horned grasshoppers are terrestrial and Tetrigidae. A capacious literature was available for insects habitual to live in grasses, dwarf vegetations, bushes Orthopteran studies from India. The Orthoptera fauna of India and also in dense vegetation. Collection with an insect swiping comprise about 1033 species belonging to 398 genera [1]. net is very useful along with the hand picking method. Some Whereas from Maharashtra 143 species of Orthoptera belongs species were also collected at the light source. Only adult to 98 genera in eight families [2]. grasshoppers were collected and identified with the help of the The major contribution on Orthopteran fauna of India by literature of Kirby [3], a reference collection of the Zoological Kirby [3] in "The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Survey of India, Kolkata, Orthoptera species file website, and reference [4] in “The Fauna of India and adjacent countries: expertise in the field, Dr. Sigfrid Ingrisch. Orthoptera, 2 Grylloidea.” ZSI publication. Other studies on the Orthoptera from other parts of India contributed by III. RESULTS International Science Index, Bioengineering and Life Sciences Vol:12, No:10, 2018 waset.org/Publication/10009655 Bhowmik [5], Shishodia and Hazra [6], Mandal et al. [7], Shishodia [8]-[11], Hazra et al. [12], [13], Vasanth [14], This communication presents the comprehensive checklist of short-horned grasshopper species known from the forested area of Kolhapur district, Maharashtra, India along with their Sunil M. Gaikwad is with the Department of Zoology, Shivaji University, known localities. In all, 40 species of the suborder Caelifera Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India-416 004 (phone: +919604260460; e-mail: [email protected]). were estimated belonging to four families’ viz. Acrididae, Yogesh J. Koli is with the Department of Zoology, Sant Rawool Maharaj Chorotypidae, Pyrgomorphidae and Tetrigidae. The family College, Kudal, Sindhudurga, Maharashtra, India (e-mail: Acrididae is dominant with 27 species followed by family [email protected]). Gopal A. Raut and Ganesh P. Bhawane are with the Department of Tetrigidae with eight species, family Pyrgomorphidae with Zoology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India-416 004 (e-mail: four species and family Chorotypidae with one species. [email protected], [email protected]). International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 12(10) 2018 358 scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/10009655 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Bioengineering and Life Sciences Vol:12, No:10, 2018 Order: ORTHOPTERA Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Suborder: CAELIFERA Pradesh, Orissa, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Superfamily: ACRIDOIDEA Pradesh and West Bengal. Family: ACRIDIDAE Elsewhere: Bangladesh, Myanmar, South China. Subfamily: ACRIDINAE Habitat: This species generally occurred in thick forest. Genus: Acrida (Linnaeus, 1758) Highest population observed in the month of October. Subfamily - OEDIPODINAE A. Acrida exaltata (Walker, 1859) Genus: Trilophidia (Stål, 1873) 1859. Truxalis exaltata Walker. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 34: 222. D. Trilophidia annulata (Thunberg, 1815) Diagnostics: Head conically ascending, basal part narrow; 1815. Gryllus annulatus Thunberg. Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. fastigium of vertex broad, laminate and truncate at extremities; St. Petersburg. 5: 234. transverse sulcus of pronotum placed close to the middle of Diagnostics: Small sized, vertex with a pair of tubercles the disc; hind femora without any peg-like structure or internal behind eyes; fastigium of vertex elongate- trapezoid, antennae surface; male subgenital plate long; tegmina with somewhat longer than head and pronotum together. Pronotum rugose rounded apex, a little produced beyond the hind knees; wings with a high median carina, forming two teeth in front and with shorter than the tegmina. lateral carinae; hind tibiae narrow with a faint narrow pale Material Examined: 1 ♂, 2 ♀, CNP, Kolhapur Dist., 12. x. band beyond the middle. 2014; 2 ♀, Jat, Sangli, Dist., 13.xi.2013. Material Examined: 1 ♀, CNP Kolhapur Dist., 18. xi. Distribution: India: (Widely distributed). 2012; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Karveer, Kolhapur Dist, 17.ii.2015. Elsewhere: Afghanistan, Arabia, Bangladesh, Iran, Nepal, Distribution: India: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Tibet, Yemen & West Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Eden. Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Habitat: The maximum population of this species is found Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Orissa, in and around cultivated fields, bare ground, and grassy lands. Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Nymphs and adults occur almost throughout the year. Pradesh and West Bengal. Genus: Phlaeoba (Stål, 1860) Elsewhere: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Borneo, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Java, Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, B. Phlaeoba antennata (Brunner, 1893) Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sarawak, Singapore, Sri Lanka, 1914. Phlaeoba antennata, Kirby, Fauna Brit. India, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam. Orth.:102 Habitat: The species is found on the bare ground, less in Diagnostics: Medium sized; antennae ensiform, black, vegetation. Adults and nymphs found through the year. tipped with yellow; pronotum smooth, all the three carinae Genus: Aiolopus (Fieber, 1853) marked; straw to olive-brown colour with a broad band running from the vertex to the end of tegmina distinctly in E. Aiolopus thalassinus tamulus (Fabricius, 1798) male; wings bluish black at base, brownish tinge towards the 1798. Gryllus tamulus Fabricius. Supplementum tip; posterior tibiae dirty green to blue. Entomologiae Systematicae Suppl. 195. Material Examined: 1 ♀, Amba, Kolhapur, Diat., 11. vi. Diagnostics: Medium sized, antennae long, fastigium of 2013, 2 ♂, CNP, Sangli Dist, 10. xi. 2014. vertex pentagonal with front angle acute, frontal ridge flat, Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Kerala, gradually narrowing towards fastigial end, pronotum slightly Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan and West Bengal. constricted between prozona and metazona; two brown stripes Elsewhere: Bangladesh, Borneo, Myanmar, China, present on the middle part of the eyes and running up to the Malaysia, Tonking and Sumatra. metazona; posterior tibiae usually with red coloured
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