B1s: 12:30 - 13:30 Friday, 4th October, 2019 Venue Poster Room - P05 Congress Theme B. and Climate Change Presentation Types Digital Poster Chair Manfred J.

12:30 - 12:37

B1s Rehabilitation of Mined-out and Waste-Dump Areas Using Pre-Selected Species in Bagacay, Hinabangan, Samar,

Angelito Exconde, Albert Piñon, Alan Castillo, Analyn Pasagdan, Maria Theresa De Alday Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines

Abstract

The destructive method of harnessing the mineral resources of Bagacay, Hinabangan in Western Samar, Philippines from 1956 to 1992 left tons of mine tailings containing toxic heavy metals that pollutes the water ways and surrounding landscapes. With the aim of rehabilitating the area using various tree species, ascertain the most suitable soil amelioration, and identify the best-performing tree species in terms of growth and survival, the study investigates the phytoremediation capacity of pre-selected in rehabilitating the mined-out and waste dump site. In 2009, the experiment was established using split-plot in Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three times with six soil amendments (main plot) and four pre-selected tree species (Pterocarpus indicus Willd., Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Ex Benth, Acacia mangium Willd. and Gymnostoma rumphiana L. A. S. Johnson) for sub-plot. A total of 900 seedlings were planted in holes measuring 0.125 m3 at 3m x 3m spacing with replanting for mortality applied only within a year after planting. Measurements of height, diameter and percent survival were undertaken in 2010, 2011, 2013 and 2016. After a year, growth and percent survival of trees treated with forest soil + chicken dung + lime were found significantly different compared to control (forest soil), but not in 2011, 2013 and 2016. In 2011, P. indicus performed best in terms of growth and percent survival, while A. mangium outperformed the other species in 2013. Finally, A. auriculiformis stand out after seven years. 12:38 - 12:45

B1s Mixing Silver fir (Abies alba) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) leads to faster and more complete growth recovery following drought

Julia Schwarz, Jürgen Bauhus Chair of Silviculture/University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

Abstract

In Europe, replacing drought-sensitive monocultures of spruce (Picea abies) with mixtures of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Silver fir (Abies alba) promises to be an effective strategy as the latter two are expected to be more drought tolerant compared to spruce. This study investigates the influence of mixing Beech and Fir on the tree response to extreme drought stress using neighbourhood-analyses. We derived basal area increment (BAI) series from increment cores of 160 trees from 3 sites in south-western Germany and from 1 site in Croatia. In addition, for all trees, we determined the carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of latewood in a wet and dry year. At most sites, fir trees growing in mixed neighbourhoods exhibited higher BAI compared to firs from monospecific neighbourhoods while growth of beech trees was less affected by neighbourhood composition. Results of mixed models suggest that mixing benefits depend on tree size and neighbourhood density but not on species identity: Mixing improved growth of large trees from both species irrespective of neighbourhood density while for smaller trees benefits of mixing appeared only in trees from denser neighbourhoods. For either species, there was no benefit of mixing for growth resistance during the 2003-drought. Yet, trees in mixed neighbourhoods exhibited a smaller increase of δ13C in the dry compared to the wet year as trees in monospecific neighbourhoods indicating complementary water-use of these 2 species under drought. Trees from both species showed higher growth recovery and resilience following drought in mixed compared to monospecific neighbourhoods. 12:45 - 12:52

B1s Effect of stump height on sprouting capacity of native tree species from Northeast

Antonio Carlos Ferraz Filho, Andressa Ribeiro, Rodolfo Molinário de Souza, Helionai Pereira da Silva, Lucas de Souza Silva, Lailla Sabrina Queiroz Nazareno Universidade Federal do Piauí, Bom Jesus, Brazil

Abstract

Wood extraction from native forests in Brazil is responsible for 15% of the total industrial produced in the country. However, great care must be taken to ensure that managed areas are adequately restored. Stump height is an important variable to achieve this, since higher stumps might facilitate sprouting, but leave larger quantities of wood in the field. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of the stump height (10, 20 and 30cm) on the sprouting capacity of native tree species. The study area is located in Cristino Castro, Piauí, and is a transition vegetation between savannah (cerrado) and dry forest (caatinga). 9 sample plots (10x10m) were clear cut (January 2017) installing 3 stump height treatments (T10; T20; T30). The plots were installed in a forest managed for fire , clear-cutting followed by restoration through . Six months after cutting, all stumps were evaluated for the following traits: presence, number and height of the sprouts. Leaf area index (LAI) was measured in each plot using an AccuPAR LP-80 ceptometer. The results showed that stump height did not affect the percentage of sprouted stumps (83.9%), height of the dominant sprout (111.4cm) or LAI (1.2m2/m2). The only statistically different variable was number of sprouts per stump, being double for T10 (24.5 sprouts/stump) than for the other two treatments (12.3 sprouts/stump). These results are preliminary, additional plots are being implemented and will be monitored during a complete harvest cycle (15 years). Acknowledgements: TAESA, Gurguéia Manejo Florestal. 12:53 - 13:00

B1s CO2 REMOVAL BY IN AMAZON

CARLOS SANQUETTA1, ALEXIS BASTOS2, Mateus Sanquetta1, MARCELO FERRONATO3, ANA CORTE1 1Federal University of Paraná, CURITIBA, Brazil. 2Centro de Estudos Rioterra, Porto Velho, Brazil. 3ECOPORÉ, Rolim de Moura, Brazil

Abstract

Deforestation rates in the Amazon remain alarming, implying high levels of emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) into the atmosphere. Rondônia is one of the Brazilian states with the highest rates of in the country. Forest restoration is a concrete action to recover its and ecological functions, as well as to mitigate GHG emissions, especially in protection zones and legal forest reserve as defined by law. CO2 removal of mixed young stands with native species implanted in family farms, aged between 5 and 7 years, was quantified. A was carried out by establishing 40 permanent plots and the of 40 sample trees were determined by the destructive direct method. Laboratory analyzes of plant tissues were carried out. The total dry was estimated at 65.77 t.ha-1, which has the following order of partitioning: stems> branches>roots foliage> miscellaneous. The carbon stock stored in the stands was calculated at 29.60 t.ha-1, which corresponds to 16% of the average stock of mature natural forest in the region. Carbon dioxide -1 -1 - removal was estimated at 108.52 t CO2eq.ha , which corresponds to the annual rate 16.99 t CO2eq.ha .year 1. It was concluded that, in spite of being young, these restoration stands store large amounts of carbon and promote GHG mitigation and help in recovering forest cover affected by deforestation. In addition to this role, the restoration stands in question play an important role in the recovery of biodiversity in this tropical region highly affected by the human perturbation. 13:00 - 13:07

B1s Forest Regeneration Challenges in a Changing Climate

Alaba Emmanuel Gbadamosi Adekunle Ajasin University, Department of & Wildlife Management,, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria

Abstract

Extreme conditions of cold or heat are known to exclude trees. Fluctuating temperatures and unpredictable rainfall regimes which are hallmarks of changing climatic conditions, on the long run, will alter the composition of plants on the earth’ surface. Forest helps to mitigate these unpleasant consequences when grown and managed sustainably. Forest trees are raised vegetatively or from seeds which engender variability. Seeds are propagules which carry genetic information from one generation to the other but these are impacted by inherent challenges of dormancy-a natural time clock, which is presently aggravated by unfavourable environmental conditions which promote irregular fruiting patterns. Dormancy of seeds is a major problem in artificial and natural regeneration process. Anthropogenic activities of unregulated forest conversions, uncontrolled exploitation and incessant fire outbreaks, and the economics matrix which precludes biological and ecological considerations have combined to limit the natural regeneration process of forest. Therefore, in order to combat the consequences of a changing climate on natural regeneration of forest trees especially in the tropics where forest are mainly revenue generating units; conservation and domestication of useful species, reinforcement of forest reserve boundaries, novel dormancy breaking mechanism, enrichment plantings of tree species with complex dormancy mechanism, seeding of forest floors and knowledge-driven storage system of recalcitrant seeds must be a priority in the new-look management of forest estate and resources. Conclusively, and projects must be re-initiated, re-invigorated and encouraged with adequate funding by governments, local and international agencies to arrest the diminishing forest estates. 13:08 - 13:15

B1s Quantifying growth response of trees to drought - a critique of the Lloret- concept and recommendations for future studies

Julia Schwarz1, Jörg Kunz1, Martin Kohler1, Florian Schnabel2, Valentina Vitali3, Jürgen Bauhus1 1Chair of Silviculture/University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. 2German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany. 3Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal,

Abstract

The components of tree resilience, as originally proposed by Lloret et al. in 2011, have been widely applied to assess the drought tolerance of (radial) growth of trees for different purposes. The majority of studies calculated indices of resistance, recovery, and resilience to quantify the potential of silvicultural management, i.e. or mixing of tree species, to improve drought tolerance. In other cases, they were used to compare the drought tolerance of trees of different species, populations, age, or dimension. Despite its wide application, the current concept exhibits some major drawbacks and limitations, which may lead to spurious results or misinterpretations of observed patterns. In this study, we, therefore identify and discuss several shortcomings of the Lloret-indices based on re-analyses of different datasets. In addition, we present a new approach that allows synthesizing the entire drought-related growth deviation of trees while considering the growth level of a given tree. In addition, we give recommendations for future studies that employ the Lloret concept concerning 1) the type of input data to be used (raw ring-widths, basal area increment, or standardized growth series), 2) objective selection procedures for the number of years included in pre- and post-drought periods and 3) cases where one should refrain from calculating indices of recovery. Finally, we propose that future studies should aim at relating short-term responses of trees to drought (i.e., the resilience indices) to the temporal stability of tree growth. 13:15 - 13:22

B1s Non- Timber Forest Products and climate change adaptation by forest adjacent communities in selected Forests in

Roxventa Ongugo, Jonah Kipsat KEFRI, Nairobi , Kenya

Abstract

Roxventa A. Othim1 ([email protected]) and Jonah Kiprop2 ([email protected])

Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are products other than timber, extracted from the forest for the human use (Wiersum, 2003) . The most commonly used NTFPs are medicinal plants, wild vegetables, fuelwood, and edible fruits. In this study, NTFPs were both direct benefits like food and healthcare and indirect benefits like biodiversity and ecotourism. The poor depend on economic activities sensitive to the climate; eg, agricultural and forestry activities that depend on local climate conditions; a change in those conditions could directly impact productivity levels and diminish livelihoods. Majority of the forest dependents have reduced opportunity to cope with the adversities of climate change due to low capabilities, poverty, weak institutional mechanisms and lack of access to resources (Brooks et al., 2005). Therefore, the main objective of the study was to assess the role of NTFPs to forest dependent communities as a strategy to cope/adapt with the impacts of climate change. The study was conducted among communities in the selected forests. Questionnaires were the main methods of data collection. Tentative results showed that communities identified different NTFPS of importance to them. Majority of them also perceived changes in climate pattern due to increased temperatures and unpredictable rainfalls. The respondents admitted to use of NTFPs for subsistence and source of income as a climate change coping strategy. The study concluded that NTFPs still play a safety role in assisting communities cope with the current climate change.

Key words; Non- Timber Forest Products, Climate change adaptation 13:23 - 13:30

B1s associated with alternative strategies for the reforestation of degraded areas: An analysis of analog forests, forests, and degraded pastures

Raul Ramos1, David MacFarlane2, Lauren Cooper2 1Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo(ESPOCH), Riobamba, . 2Michigan State University Department of Forestry, East Lansing, USA

Abstract

In European countries and the United States, the ability of ‘analog’ forestry –a unique silvicultural approach which undertakes restoration of degraded land by focusing on high biodiversity and resiliency, but avoids agrochemicals and fossil fuels – to provide an alternative land restoration and carbon sequestration technique has been demonstrated. However, there has been little analysis comparing the potential for above- and below- ground carbon sequestration and storage in analog forests, monoculture forest , and degraded pastures. Taking place in degraded farmland in the Cumaná, Ecuador, this study estimated the storage potential of organic soil carbon up to 1 meter in depth and in aboveground biomass in the three types of land use listed above. The study used a randomized split-plot design and evaluated the following variables: apparent density and organic carbon of the soil, diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height of the trees, and biomass estimated by use of allometric equations. The study found that analog and plantation forests stored higher quantities of total carbon (178 and 141 t ha -1, respectively) compared to degraded pasture (124 t ha-1). These findings show that the analog forest system presents a high potential for intentional carbon sequestration. Furthermore, this approach generates other ecosystem products and services that provide economic resources for producers and communities. With planning, the analog forestry approach could be utilized in a transformative reforestation strategy for restoration of degraded areas at the farm and landscape levels to deliver high-impact carbon storage and human development benefits.