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Integrated Sorghum and Millet Sector for Improved Livelihoods In Integrated sorghum and millet sector for improved livelihoods in ECA Integrated sorghum and millet sector for improved livelihoods in ECA Integrated sorghum and millet sector for improved livelihoods in ECA Integrated sorghum and millet sector for increased economic growth and improved livelihoods in Eastern and Central Africa Proceedings of the ECARSAM Stakeholders Conference 20–22 November 2006, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Editors Barnabas N Mitaru University of Nairobi, Kenya Mary A Mgonja ICRISAT, Eastern and Southern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya Ivan Rwomushana ASARECA, Entebbe, Uganda and Fina Opio ASARECA, Entebbe, Uganda Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa 2012 i Integrated sorghum and millet sector for improved livelihoods in ECA © 2012 Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa Correct citation Mitaru BN, Mgonja MA, Rwomushana I, Opio F, eds. 2012. Integrated sorghum and millet sector for increased economic growth and improved livelihoods in Eastern and Central Africa. Proceedings of the ECARSAM Stakeholders Conference, 20–22 November 2006, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. ASARECA (Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa), Entebbe. Fair use policy This publication may be reproduced with the intention of increasing its availability to those who need it. ASARECA encourages fair use of reproduced material. Proper citation is requested. Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA) Plot 5, Mpigi Road PO Box 765 Entebbe, Uganda tel: +256 414 320212/320556/321885 fax: +256 414 321126/322593 email: [email protected] website: www.asareca.org Editor: Anne Marie Nyamu, Editorial and Publishing Consultant, Nairobi, Kenya Designer: Timothy Maleche, ImageMate, Nairobi, Kenya 978-92-95070-78-3 (Print) 978-92-95070-79-0 (PDF Disclaimer: This publication was produced with the assistance of the World Bank administered Multi Donor Trust Fund (MDTF) financed by the European Union, the UK Department for International Development and the Canadian International Development Agency. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of ASARECA and her implementing partners and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the contributors to MDTF. ii Integrated sorghum and millet sector for improved livelihoods in ECA FOREWORD orghum and millets are major food crops in sub-Saharan Africa. The two grains account for 56% of the area planted to cereals in this region, and 41% of the region’s cereal Sgrain production. These are important staple crops in Eastern and Central Africa (ECA), particularly in semi-arid environments because they are tolerant of drought which often causes widespread crop failure of non-traditional food crops. Research and development of these crops in ECA has over the years been conducted through regional networks. In particular, since its inception in 2003 the Eastern and Central Africa Regional Sorghum and Millet Network (ECARSAM) coordinated the regional research for development activities. In 2007 the Staple Crops Programme of the Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA) took over the activities of ECARSAM. Despite their relative importance in regional food systems, very little sorghum and millet is commercially processed. Less than 5% of annual production is commercially processed by industry. Increased commercialisation of the sorghum and millet sector in ECA demands effective participation of key actors involved in the production-to-consumption chain. Research must first address the constraints these actors face, and secondly, foster linkages between them in a way that will achieve commercialisation. During the priority setting workshop in 2004, ECARSAM stakeholders defined projects of high, medium and low priority. The aim was to address research for development issues of the sorghum and millet production-to- consumption chain with the objective of enhancing sustainable productivity, value addition and competitiveness of the sector. The stakeholders met again in 2006 to review progress made in tackling the priority constraints to increased production and commercialisation of the sector under the theme “Integrated sorghum and millet sector for improved economic growth and livelihoods in the Eastern and Central Africa”. The workshop brought together various actors, envisaged to foster integration needed to increase the contribution of the sector to economic growth. The actors included: (i) farmers (sorghum and millet producers); (ii) researchers (who develop technology); (iii) the inputs and services providers (those actors who enhance access to available technologies, inputs and services); (iv) merchants and marketers; (v) processors; (vi) exporters; (vii) policy makers; and (viii) consumers (both primary and secondary). The action areas or domains emphasised in laying strategies for integration to achieve the twin results of growth and improved livelihoods included: (a) increased production and productivity; (b) increased iii Integrated sorghum and millet sector for improved livelihoods in ECA processing and utilisation; (c) effective marketing; and (d) implementation of supportive policies. In each of these domains a keynote paper with broad perspectives of sorghum and millets in ECA was presented followed by specific papers on experiences from a diverse mix of actors within the region. Workshop participants discussed the papers in each domain and made recommendations which can be pursued to further enhance the sorghum and millets sector, and make it more effective in contributing to the region’s economic growth. The workshop was used to review and share research results and experiences on sorghum and millets in the ECA region and make recommendations necessary for commercialisation. The proceedings are published in this book for wider readership. We hope that it can serve as a source of information for those involved in the development of these crops in the region and beyond. Seyfu Ketema Executive Director, ASARECA iv Integrated sorghum and millet sector for improved livelihoods in ECA ACRONYMS AKEFEMA Association of Kenya Feed Manufacturers ASARECA Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa CSA Central Statistical Authority CTA Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation DFID Department for International Development, UK DRC Democratic Republic of Congo DSE German Foundation for International Development EARO Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization ECA Eastern and Central Africa ECAPAPA Eastern and Central Africa Programme for Agricultural Policy Analysis ECARSAM East and Central Africa Regional Sorghum and Millet Network ESA Eastern and Southern Africa EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FO Farmer organisation FRC Food Research Centre FYM Farmyard manure GDP Gross domestic product IARC International agricultural research centre ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics IDRC International Development Research Centre IFI Institut Africain pour le Development Economique et Social Formation International IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute IFTz Institut Africain pour le Development Economique et Social Formation Tanzania INADES Institut Africain pour le Development Economique et Social INTSORMIL International Sorghum and Millet (INTSORMIL) Collaborative Research Support Program IMF International Monetary Fund KARI Kenya Agricultural Research Institute KIRDI Kenya Industrial Research Development Institute v Integrated sorghum and millet sector for improved livelihoods in ECA NARI National agricultural research institute NARO National Agricultural Research Organization, Uganda NARS National agricultural research system NCPB National Cereals and Produce Board, Kenya NGO Non-governmental organisation NMC National Milling Corporation, Kenya NBL Nile Breweries Limited, Uganda NPPs Networks, Projects and Programmes NRI Natural Resources Institute, UK ODA Overseas Development Administration OPV Open-pollinated variety QDS Quality declared seed ROR Rate of return SAARI Serere Agricultural and Animal Production Research Institute, Uganda SAB South African Breweries SADC Southern African Development Community SGR Strategic grain reserve SMIP Sorghum and Millets Improvement Programme TDRI Tropical Development and Research Institute TOB Traditional opaque beer TOSCI Tanzania Official Seed Certification Institute UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund USAID United States Agency for International Development USSR United Socialist Soviet Republic WCA Western and Central Africa WFP World Food Programme ZRELOs Zonal Research and Extension Liaison Offices vi Integrated sorghum and millet sector for improved livelihoods in ECA TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD..................................................................................................................... iii ACRONYMS..................................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENT......................................................................................................... vii WORKSHOP OPENING REMARKS..................................................................................... xi Jeremiah Haki, Director of Research Development and Training, Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives, Tanzania CHAPTER ONE................................................................................................................
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