History Newsletter CENTER FOR HISTORY OF PHYSICS&NIELS BOHR LIBRARY & ARCHIVES Vol. 44, No. 2 • Winter 2012–2013

Growth of a New Repository: National Radio Astronomy Observatory Archives By Ellen N. Bouton

The National Radio Astronomy Since then, even with very limited staff A. Richard Thompson, and Paul A. Vanden Observatory (NRAO), founded in (one professional and one assistant, Bout. Processing of NRAO records is 1956, is a facility of the National two days/week each, plus occasional ongoing, as materials are transferred to Science Foundation (NSF), operated temporary student assistants), we have the Archives from the Director’s Office for NSF by Associated Universities, made immense progress. In spring 2005 we and from other NRAO sites. We also have Inc. Headquartered in Charlottesville, moved into a dedicated 1400 sq. ft. space Web resources on the work of Harold I. VA, NRAO has offices, employees and in the new addition to our Charlottesville (Doc) Ewen and on early radio astronomy radio telescopes courses. The papers in multiple states of the late Donald C. and in Chile. We Backer are a recent operate the Green acquisition, but they Bank Telescope have not yet been (GBT), the Jansky processed. We are Very large Array grateful for the grant (JVLA), the Very from the Center for Long Baseline the History of Physics Array (VLBA), and which funded 2007 are a partner in the processing work on nearly completed the NRAO Director’s Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter headquarters building, and materials Office records for 1951–1978. A gift from Array (ALMA). In the Spring 2004 issue of began to come to us from both NRAO the Reber Foundation allowed us to this Newsletter I wrote about our newly- staff and from sources outside NRAO. process the entire Reber collection and created Archives. At that time, we had Our processed collections now extend digitize most of the Reber documents and completed a Web resource describing to ~435 linear feet and include papers of photos. Nannielou Hepburn Dieter Conklin’s Ronald N. Bracewell, Bernard F. Burke, career as the first American woman Marshall H. Cohen, John W. Findlay, Mark One of our most exciting recent working in radio astronomy, had begun A. Gordon, David S. Heeschen, David E. acquisitions is the collection donated processing of the papers of Grote Reber Hogg, Kenneth I. Kellermann, John D. by Professor Woodruff T. Sullivan III. and John W. Findlay. Kraus, Grote Reber, Arthur M. Shalloway, (Continued on page 2)

In this issue...

Growth of a Repository: National Radio Grant-in-Aid Research Experience...... 11 Astronomy Observatory Archives 1 ...... Record-Breaking Year for Book Donations...... 12 The Sound of the Bomb 2 ...... Documentation Preserved: New Collections...... 13 Telstar and Fifty Years of Connectivity 3 ...... Please Help Us Contact...... 15 Scan on Demand Service at NBL&A 4 ...... Documentation Preserved: New Finding Aids...... 17 History of Science Society Establishes Physical Sciences Forum...... 4 Cover Photo: Rutherford’s Nuclear World...... 5 Under terms of an agreement between the US and USSR Academies of Sciences, the USA-USSR Radio Astronomy Symposium was held in Listening to Voices from the Past: Washington and Green Bank, 15–19 May 1961, four and a half years after An Adventure in the Archives...... 6 NRAO’s founding. The goal of gathering radio astronomers from the AIP’s History Programs Receives $3 Million Gift...... 7 two countries was mutual understanding of the progress made in radio astronomy in the US and USSR, as well as of the problems considered Recent Additions to the Niels Bohr Library & Archives...... 8 important in each. Of the 35 radio astronomers who attended the Recent Publications of Interest...... 10 meeting, 27 were later interviewed by Sullivan. NRAO/AUI photo.

AIP Member Societies: The American Physical Society • The Optical Society of America • The Acoustical Society of America • The Society of Rheology • The American Association of Physics Teachers American Crystallographic Association • American Astronomical Society • American Association of in Medicine • AVS The Science and Technology Society • American Geophysical Union We have created Web The Sound of the Bomb pages for finding aids and folder/item listings, Film and videos of nuclear explosions all linked from the are almost always dubbed. What does a Archives home page, nuclear explosion actually sound like to a http://www.nrao.edu/ person on the ground? Postdoctoral His- archives/. We have an torian Alex Wellerstein of the Center for online catalog (http:// History of Physics has found and posted jump.cv.nrao.edu/ on his “Restricted Data” blog rare foot- textbase/archivesearch. age from a Cold War nuclear test that ad- htm) which has served dresses this question directly. The footage us well, but we are of the March 17, 1953, “ANNIE” test has currently evaluating murky visuals, but crisp, unedited audio, Archon, software from unlike most nuclear test films (which are University of Illinois to usually dubbed in post-production). manage information on archival materials With a good pair of headphones on, one and publish it on the can hear murmurs of soldiers and news- Web, as a potential way men before the blast countdown starts. of combining finding The camera “sees” the explosion about aids with the catalog’s 30 seconds before the audible blast wave The Howard E. Tatel Telescope, used in Frank Drake’s 1960 search capabilities. Our arrives, because the camera is 11 kilome- Project Ozma, the first search for extraterrestrial intelligent life, and part of the Ozma team. Photo taken at the Ozma 25th holdings are, of course, ters away from the explosion. As the fire- anniversary symposium. Front row left to right: Bob Viers, Dewey listed in CHP’s ICOS. ball is rising, a sharp “bang” can be heard, Ross, Bill Meredith, Troy Henderson, Bob Uphoff. Back row left followed by a long, thundering roar as to right: George Grove, Fred Crews, Omar Bowyer, Frank Drake, Kochu Menon. NRAO/AUI photo. We have had excellent the blast wave echoes off of the nearby support from NRAO mountains. The crowd can then be heard His book, Cosmic Noise: A History of staff members, some of whom have been to shout out spontaneous expressions of Early Radio Astronomy (Cambridge in persuading other radio awe. The footage is a rare example where University Press, 2009) is a history of radio astronomers or their heirs to donate the sound of the blast has not been edited astronomy from its beginning in 1933 papers. The NRAO Archives continue to be simultaneous with the actual explo- through 1953, and represents 30 years of to grow, and has become the de facto sion, giving a more realistic impression of intensive research by Dr. Sullivan. In 2010 archive for radio astronomy in the U.S. the on-the-ground experience. The article he donated his book research materials We encourage visits or inquiries from and footage can be found in the July 13, to the NRAO Archives, including the researchers! ■ 2012 post at www.nuclearsecrecy.com. ■ 188 audio tapes and related paperwork for the extensive set of interviews he conducted between 1971 and 1988 with 255 radio astronomers around the world. These interviews are a unique resource for the history of radio astronomy, as Sullivan talked to nearly everyone who had published at least one paper in the field of radio astronomy before 1960. The 2011 Pollock Award from Dudley Observatory funded a summer intern who digitized all of the aging tapes, worked on getting permissions from interviewees or their heirs/next of kin, and created a set of Web pages for the interviews. In summer 2012 she returned to work on transcribing interviews and scanning the approximately 50 interview transcripts Sullivan had made. We hope Peter Mezger, Troy Henderson, Bertil Höglund, and Neil Albaugh in the NRAO 140 foot tele- eventually to find funding to mount the scope control room, 27 July 1965, a few weeks after their discovery of radio recombination transcripts on the Web. lines. NRAO/AUI photo.

2 History Newsletter | Winter 2012–2013 www.aip.org/history Telstar and Fifty Years of Connectivity Guest column by Louis J. Lanzerotti, editor of Space Weather (published by AGU), distinguished professor at the New Jersey Institute of Technology, and AIP Governing Board chair; and Gregory A. Good, director, Center for History of Physics

This morning, without a second thought, Liberty and the Eiffel Tower, followed by electronics that were used in Telstar. As people around the world checked their part of a Philadelphia Phillies vs Chicago a result, Brown was well positioned to email on some smart phone, or watched Cubs baseball game. Telstar had started a study the lifetime of high-energy elec- a live TV broadcast on some news chan- new age of communications. By 1965, half trons produced by Starfish Prime. His nel from someplace where the Sun sets a dozen similar satellites were actively re- results are still used today. Ironically, when it is rising here. Our daily lives and laying signals. More Telstars were orbited the confluence of Starfish Prime and worldwide commerce depend on and are in the 1980s, 1990s, and on. The die was the various satellites led to important utterly shaped by hundreds of satellites. already cast for CNN and ESPN! conclusions regarding radiation in low- Couldn’t we always see hurricanes from Earth orbit. Seven oral history interviews above? Couldn’t we always conduct busi- Telstar also, however, carried solid-state in AIP’s Niels Bohr Library & Archives ness around the clock? Didn’t we always detectors with different levels of shield- discuss Telstar and Starfish Prime. have GPS direction guidance? Couldn’t ing for detecting electrons of different we always measure radiation and electro- energies in orbit. These were designed Lest one think that satellites are now magnetic fields in space and anticipate the and included to specifically study the ef- safer because we ban nuclear tests in possible effects of solar events on our lives fects of the space environment on transis- space, the story of Telstar 401 provides and our technologies? Satellites enhance tors. Unknown to the Bell scientists and a cautionary tale. Telstar 401 launched the senses of the human race, and they engineers who built Telstar, the United in 1993. In 1997 it was destroyed by a link us ever more inextricably together. States launched one of its last near-space magnetic storm, a space weather event nuclear tests on July 9, the day before the caused by a coronal mass ejection from More than fifty years ago, on July 10, satellite’s launch. Project Starfish Prime the Sun. Knowledge of such events is 1962, the launched Telstar, exploded a hydrogen bomb 250 miles still critical background to the design the first active-communications satellite. (400 km) above Earth’s surface, a thousand of satellites and other electrical and Last July, a celebration of the anniversary times more powerful than the bomb used communications infrastructure here brought together a number of scientists, at Hiroshima. The blast created an elec- on Earth. ■ engineers, and others involved in this tromagnetic pulse much achievement at Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labo- larger than expected, ratories. (See the synopsis video on You- damaging electrical and Tube.) One of the authors of this article, communications infra- Louis Lanzerotti, joined Bell Laboratories structure in both Hawaii in 1965 because he was attracted by the and New Zealand. It also opportunity to analyze Telstar data and to produced an artificial work on the design and implementation radiation belt approxi- of a Bell Laboratories radiation detection mately 100 times the nat- instrument. This device would be incor- ural Van Allen Belt inten- porated in the first NASA test communi- sities and soon degraded cations satellite at geosynchronous orbit, the electronics on Tel- ATS-1, launched in December 1966. star, leading ultimately to its failure in February Telstar’s anniversary celebration belonged 1963. Its life spanned a at Bell Labs, which was central in the con- mere six months. Nev- ception, design, build, launch, and fol- ertheless, the takeaways low-up of the project. Telstar was funded endure and led the way by the AT&T Company and built by Bell to modern communica- Laboratories; AT&T reimbursed NASA for tions. the launch costs. Telstar used the latest transistors (all discrete components!) and One Bell researcher maser amplifiers, a new technology. Tel- who attended the 50th star received signals, amplified them, and anniversary of Telstar, retransmitted them. Walter Brown, led the efforts at Bell Breeder reactor in operation at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee. Credit: Union Carbide Corporation’s Nuclear Di- The first public images transmitted across Labs to “harden” the vision, courtesy AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Physics Today the Atlantic in 1962 were of the Statue of transistors and other Collection. www.aip.org/history Winter 2012–2013 | History Newsletter 3 History of Science Society Establishes Physical Sciences Forum By Catherine Westfall

The Physical Sciences Forum met for the first time at the 2012 HSS meeting in San Diego. At this inaugural meeting, Catherine Westfall was elected chair and she selected Joe Martin and Greg Good to serve with her on the Steering Com- mittee. At the meeting those assembled also laid out three plans for the next year, and identified committees to implement each plan.

Greg Good is spearheading the effort for an annual meeting, the first to be held in spring 2013, that will provide an addition- al forum for early career scholars on the history of the physical sciences. With the help of Westfall, David Kaiser, and Suman Seth, PSF also plans to sponsor a Distin- guished Lecture at the 2013 HSS meeting. At the meeting, the forum also plans a session that will discuss future directions in the history of the physical sciences. The associated committee members are Seth, Amy Fisher, and Don Howard.

The polar axis of the Yerkes Observatory 40-inch refractor being lowered into position, The general aim of the PSF is to further October 1896. The foreman is in the lower right. The man standing on top is not identified. scholarship in the history of the physical Note absence of safety belts and hand rails. Credit: Yerkes Observatory, University of Chicago, courtesy AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives. sciences as broadly understood, includ- ing but not limited to: physics; earth, space, and atmospheric science; astron- Scan on Demand Service at NBL&A omy; and materials science. It will help The Niels Bohr Library & Archives offers will be able to put the material on the li- forge a more coherent community for a “Scan on Demand” service to provide brary’s website. We will also keep these those with a core specialty in these sub- digital copies of our primary source ma- scans for digital preservation. Scanning fields with a particular emphasis on de- terials to our researchers. For the same projects always require a good amount veloping the connections linking these nominal fee (20 cents a page) we charge of staff time and effort, and by repurpos- sub-fields and exploring their resonance for photocopies, we will email scans to ing items scanned for patron requests, with wider scholarship. For further in- researchers all over the world. Note that we can ensure that we focus our time formation, contact Catherine Westfall at very large scanning requests (multiple and attention on items that researchers [email protected]. boxes or series of collections) may ex- are interested in. ceed the capacity of our staff. In those Complementing the Forum will be a new cases, we will contact the patron regard- We are currently developing an image Humanities and Social Sciences Net (H- ing outsourcing the work to a vendor. viewer that will allow us to share our Net) list, which will serve as a commu- Vendor costs will be charged to the pa- scanned and digital items on the website. nication channel providing announce- tron. This is being adapted from a viewer that ments, calls for papers, book reviews, was developed in house for the Samuel and job postings in addition to promot- Once we have scanned material for a re- Goudsmit papers, which were scanned ing discussion about current research searcher we can also use those scans for in their entirety and put online in 2011. and the state of the field. For further in- other purposes. If we have or if we can We’ll be sharing more information on formation on H-Net, contact Joe Martin, secure the appropriate legal rights, we this project in the next newsletter. ■ [email protected]. ■

4 History Newsletter | Winter 2012–2013 www.aip.org/history Rutherford’s Nuclear World By Dr. Gregory A. Good, Director, Center for History of Physics

“In 1911, 40-year-old Ernest Ruther- ures, large and powerful and dominat- Uzoma, our web designer. Her crisp, sim- ford discovered the nucleus of the ing, whose whole life infused his work. ple design pulls the reader deeper into atom. That is the usual, simple, factual From his early days exploring radioactiv- the story. statement most science students know ity in Montreal, through the work with quite well. The story of this discovery, scattering alpha particles in Manchester This exhibit is built firmly on resources however, involves more than one per- and the disruption of the nucleus at the in AIP’s Niels Bohr Library and Archives. son, research over several decades, and Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, The exceptional book collection includes a very human story.” England, Rutherford explored the atomic every edition of Rutherford’s marvel- ous Radio-activity, which he So begins the new web ex- updated as phenomena be- hibit, Rutherford’s Nuclear came known. It also includes World, on the website of the important and now neglect- Center for History of Physics ed works by historians such of the American Institute of as Thaddeus Trenn on Ruth- Physics. Since the 1990s, AIP’s erford and Soddy, or John History Programs have been Heilbron on H.G.J. Moseley. path breakers in the use of The most important resourc- the internet to “preserve and es, however, are the archival make known” the history of ones, such as the oral history physics. The new Rutherford interviews and photographs. exhibit joins a dozen others, AIP now has over 850 oral his- on topics ranging from Albert tory transcripts on our web- Einstein and Marie Curie to site, where they are available the transistor and the laser. to the world. Among Ruth- erford’s students and col- The original goal of the new John Cockcroft, Rutherford, and Ernest Walton, in 1932, shortly leagues represented in this after they accelerated protons against a lithium target, splitting exhibit was to get beneath the lithium nucleus into two alpha particles, i.e., helium nuclei. collection are Edward An- the surface of the 1911 dis- This demonstrated not only the “transmutation” of elements, but drade, James Chadwick, John covery of the nucleus. I also Einstein’s formula E=mc2, since a slight loss of mass produced Cockcroft, and Niels Bohr. energetic alpha particles. Credit: UK Atomic Energy Authority, started out to tell how the courtesy AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives. AIP’s Emilio Segrè Visual Ar- discovery occurred, to chal- chives provided most of the lenge both newcomers to the history world with an unparalleled experimen- photographs. All the staff of AIP’s History of physics and old hands to reevaluate tal passion. To tell the story of 1911, I felt Programs contributed to this exhibit. simple discovery. I was surprised to find compelled to tell the broader story of one of Rutherford’s students from that Rutherford’s nuclear world. In one way, AIP’s newest web exhibit time, Edward Andrade, say that there differs from earlier ones. Rutherford’s was no excitement about the discovery The production of Rutherford’s Nuclear Nuclear World will continue to grow, as I of the nucleus in 1911. Andrade wrote World rested on the historical research and future SPS interns explore new parts “...the nuclear theory of the atom attract- of three undergraduate interns of the of the story. We will explore, for example, ed hardly any attention. Its immense summer intern program of the Society “radiations” from Rutherford’s achieve- significance was not realized.” Even of Physics Students: Mary Mills, Fidele ments, such as the development of par- Rutherford reflected back in 1932, in a Bingwa, and Ryan M. Barley. The interns ticle accelerators and the use of radiation letter to his old colleague Hans Geiger read Rutherford’s original publications, in medicine. We will also add animations of Manchester days, “Those were happy his letters, and the oral history inter- as they are developed. We will explore times in Manchester, and we wrought views that AIP conducted with Ruther- historical themes, such as the participa- better than we knew.” ford’s students in the 1960s and 1970s. tion of women in nuclear physics. We They had to learn the physics, but they will explore ways to interact with our As often happens in historical research, also learned how to evaluate and use his- readers, who come from every corner of I too discovered that the story of 1911 torical evidence. Their joy of discovery the globe. Rutherford’s Nuclear World could not be told in isolation from the helped take the web exhibit in directions provides us the opportunity to share the rest of Rutherford’s career. Ernest Ruth- I had not anticipated. The other essential wealth of AIP’s History Programs with stu- erford was one of those historical fig- person in producing the exhibit was Ada dents and “the curious” everywhere. ■ www.aip.org/history Winter 2012–2013 | History Newsletter 5 Listening to Voices from the Past: An Adventure in the Archives By Rebecca Hopman, Intern at the Niels Bohr Library & Archives

The American Institute of Physics has many the terms and concepts these men and able to see the exhibit in person, as well as divisions, one of the most important being women talk about are frequently beyond to share materials I could not fit into the the Niels Bohr Library & Archives. The mis- my comprehension, but often they focus exhibit space. I decided to put together sion of the NBLA is to help preserve and on the human side of physics. My favorite two social media campaigns on Facebook make known the history of modern phys- part of researching this collection is seeing and Flickr to share these materials with a ics and allied sciences. To that end, the all the connections between these scien- worldwide audience. Each Tuesday you repository collects and makes accessible tists. The physics world is like one big fam- can read why “Physicists Love Libraries!” books, periodicals, photographs, oral his- ily tree: everyone is linked to each other on our Facebook page (www.facebook. tory interviews, institutional records, and by their teachers, students, colleagues, com/AIPhistory). You can also check out personal papers, among other materials. friends, spouses, and so on, until the en- photographs and quotes from famous physicists, and find During the past few links to audio clips in months, I have been our “Voices From the lucky enough to Past” album on Flickr work in the archives (www.flickr.com/pho- as an intern. I am a tos/esva). Look out graduate student in for these photos and the College of In- quotes to be posted on formation Sciences our Facebook page ev- at the University of ery Thursday this year. Maryland, College Park, and as part of Working at AIP has my degree program been a great experi- I need to complete ence. The College Park 120 hours of practi- office is an incredibly cal experience in an friendly environment, archives. Most of my L–R: and Vern Knudsen laughing during an oral history interview, circa and I have enjoyed current work history 1964. Credit: AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives. meeting many AIP is in college and uni- employees. The Niels versity archives, so I thought working in tire field is connected in one great web of Bohr Library & Archives is a beautiful a nonprofit would prove a valuable expe- scientists. Even though I still could not tell space, and the librarian and archivists rience. I admit my knowledge of physics you the difference between a mass spec- there are always happy to help find re- and the history of physics is rather lack- trometer and a , I know and ap- sources and answer research questions. ing (sorry Mr. Kupfer!), but I am a quick preciate much more about these people In particular my supervisor, associate ar- and enthusiastic learner. and their work. chivist Amanda Nelson, has been a won- derful source of support and guidance. For my internship, I curated an exhibit fea- For the exhibit, I have chosen quotes from She has been working with the Oral turing the Oral History Interviews collec- many different physicists’ interviews, and History Interviews collection for several tion. This collection contains interviews paired them with photographs from the years now, and is always able to point with over 1,500 physicists, astronomers, Emilio Segre Visual Archives. I have in- to an interview or name an interesting and other scientists. Right now, staff at the cluded information about oral histories physicist to look into. I really appreciate archives are working to digitize all of the and why they are such valuable resources all the help she and the other staff mem- transcripts and make them searchable. to researchers and educators. I have also bers have provided me with. I encour- They plan to have over 1,000 of the tran- been able to include some of the original age you all to take advantage of the Niels scripts available online by June 2013, and equipment used to record these oral his- Bohr Library & Archives and its staff in want to highlight this valuable and unique tories, as well as the materials the inter- your future research and projects. research collection to their member soci- views were recorded on. I hope the final eties and the public. result provides viewers with a greater ap- If you would like to learn more about the preciation for this amazing collection. Oral History Interviews collection, or read Like I mentioned, my knowledge of phys- transcripts from many of the interviews, ics is rather slim, but reading these inter- As part of this project, I also wanted to please visit www.aip.org/history/nbl/oral- views is like taking a crash course. Yes, reach out to those people who will not be history.html. ■

6 History Newsletter | Winter 2012–2013 www.aip.org/history AIP’s History Programs Receives $3 Million Gift; Establishes Endowment Fund for Directorship of the Niels Bohr Library & Archives

AIP’s Niels Bohr Library and and photograph collections, and pre- Archives and associate direc- serves the historical records of AIP and tor of the Center for History its Member Societies. The library also of Physics. During the past 20 works to preserve the papers of physi- years, he has dedicated him- cists at their home institution archives self to the preservation, doc- and serves as a clearinghouse for infor- umentation, and study of the mation on collections worldwide. In ad- history of physics. Anderson dition, The Center for History of Physics served previously as director presents lectures, symposia, and work- of the Library and Archives at shops, and creates popular web exhibi- the Balch Institute in Phila- tions that receive millions of visits each delphia and as an archivist year. (See aip.org/history/.) at Yale University in New Ha- ven, Conn. He has published Anderson remarked, “Major gifts from on a variety of archival topics the Avenir Foundation and other donors and was elected a fellow of are helping to build an endowment to the Society of American Ar- ensure that the rich history of physics chivists in 2007. can be preserved and made available to the public and the physics community as In 1962, J. Robert Oppen- an enduring resource.” ■ heimer dedicated AIP’s Niels Joe Anderson, for whom the newest endowment is named, Bohr Library and Archives, Did you know? is current director of AIP’s Niels Bohr Library & Archives and over the past 50 years, and associate director of the Center for History of Physics. AIP’s history programs have Photo credit: AIP History Programs. Many of the photos shown in this become a significant re- newsletter are available for purchase The American Institute of Physics (AIP) source for science historians around from the Emilio Segrè Visual Archives. the world. In addition to preserving the has received a $3 million donation from Search 30,000+ images online at the Avenir Foundation to establish the history of modern physics, the library photos.aip.org Endowment Fund for the R. Joseph An- houses exemplary book, oral history, derson Directorship of the Niels Bohr Library and Archives. This endowment will honor Anderson’s two decades of Niels Bohr Library & Archives service to AIP’s history programs and Provides Grants to Three Archives provide vital resources to support AIP’s leadership in preserving the heritage of In 2012 the Niels Bohr Library & Archives, under the leadership of Joe Anderson, modern physics. This marks the Founda- awarded grants to the following archives to make accessible collections in the tion’s third endowment to AIP, in sup- history of physics and allied sciences: port of its history programs. Archive/Institution Grant Amount Project/Collection “The Foundation is deeply interested in Johns Hopkins Space Science Telescope preserving and making known the his- $10,000 University Institute records tory of physics and allied fields,” said AIP National Radio Woodruff T. Sullivan Executive Director and CEO H. Frederick $10,000 Dylla. “AIP is grateful for their generous Astronomy Observatory oral histories support.” The Foundation’s first gift in Karl Cohen, Stanford University $10,000 Martin Packard, and May 2005 created an oral history endow- Archives ment. In 2008, the Foundation endowed William Shockley papers the Spencer R. Weart Directorship of the Center for History of Physics. The grants are awarded annually as matching funds. For information on the 2013 grants and for a list of previous recipients, see http://www.aip.org/history/ Joe Anderson, for whom the newest en- grants_guidelines.html. dowment is named, is current director of www.aip.org/history Winter 2012–2013 | History Newsletter 7 Recent Additions to the Niels Bohr Library & Archives

The Niels Bohr Library & Archives and cataloged and available online to over Jim Breckinridge, donated three images the Emilio Segrè Visual Archives ac- 24,200. What are you waiting for? Start of Aden Meinel, an American astrono- quire historically relevant and valuable searching at http://photos.aip.org. mer who during his career was involved materials through donations of archival in the design and construction of sev- records each year. As the official reposi- Previous donor Jeff Hecht donated 60 eral large telescopes. Photographer Anil tory of the American Institute of Physics black and white prints of various sizes, Kapahi donated his image of Norbert and its ten member societies, we wel- largely used in his books ‘City of Light’ Untersteiner, a pioneer in polar geo- come donations from these sources and and ‘Beam.’ Christine Erb gave 13 images physics who passed away in March. Rob again this year we have had many in- of her aunt, American physicist, Mildred and Jeroen Gerritsen donated 5 pho- triguing additions to our collections. We Allen, spanning from childhood to her tographs found tucked away in one of have also received additions to existing later years. A high school physics teach- their father’s (physicist A.N. Gerrtisen) personal manuscript collections, new er, Ernest Kuehl, Jr. donated 4 prints of books, including one of Paul Ehrenfest manuscript biographies and institution- American physicist and science educa- and Hendrik Kramers. al histories, collections of photographs tor, Melba Phillips, during her later years. and books that are within our realm of Michael A. Duncan donated 20 family Photographs of 2011 Nobel Prize win- collecting and add value to our hold- photographs of his wife’s aunt, American ners Brian Schmidt, Saul Perlmutter and ings. While we often try to find homes astronomer Charlotte Emma Moore Sit- Adam Riess were all donated to ESVA for personal collections at repositories terly. ESVA recently scanned several AAS and will be placed proudly among our with stronger ties to particular indi- meeting photographs spanning back to gallery of Nobel Laureates. viduals or subjects, the collections that the early 20th century, and Jay M. Pasa- remain in our care help round out the choff soon after offered us a more for- ESVA would like to remind its followers sources available when researching the mal shot of the 19th AAS meeting held that donating images is as easy as send- history of physics, and these collections in Swarthmore, PA in August 1916. Nicole ing files via email; however, we encour- continue to grow. Cranberg, daughter of nuclear physicist age images to be scanned or created Lawrence Cranberg, recently made a at a resolution of at least 300 dpi with a ESVA and Audiovisual Materials visit and donated an image of her and target size of 8 x 10 inches for the best In addition to a new Photo Librarian, her brother with their father. Ms. Cran- reproduction and digital preservation Lindsey Gumb, the Emilio Segré Visual berg is in the process of gathering more standards! Archives (ESVA) was fortunate to wel- images of her father to donate. Malcolm come many donations this past year, Longair, British physicist, donated 3 im- As always we collect audio and video bringing the total number of images ages of himself in July. Optical scientist collections that document the history of

Anthony Johnson at work in a laser lab. Credit: AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Ronald E. Mickens Collection.

8 History Newsletter | Winter 2012–2013 www.aip.org/history physics, especially from the physicists themselves. This year includes presenta- tions sponsored by the American Physi- cal Society (APS)’s Forum on the History of Physics (FHP) from the APS March and April 2012 meetings and acceptance speeches from the American Crystallo- graphic Association’s (ACA) 2006 B. War- ren Award by Charles Majkrzak, 2009 M. J. Buerger Award by Shih-Lin Chang, and the 2010 Fankuchen Award by Da- vid Watkin. We also received an audio recording of Leo Szilard’s “Inventor of the Atomic Bomb” where Szilard recol- lects his great discovery using the words “chain reaction” and “critical mass” for the first time, video recordings of an in- Ronald McNair, mission specialist, plays the saxaphone on Space Shuttle Mission 41-B, which terview with Reginald C. Augustine by launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 3, 1984. Credit: NASA, courtesy AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Ronald E. Mickens Collection. his daughter and background video for the Transistorized! program done in as- lege of Medical Physics (ACMP) that is Foundation (GRF) essay contest col- sociation with the Center for History of now part of the American Association lection. Physics. of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), a small donation from the American As- In addition to these larger collections, Manuscript Collections sociation of Physics Teachers’ (AAPT) we continue to collect unpublished Center for the Teaching of Physics, manuscript biographies, institutional As in the past, this year we have re- in addition to updating our collec- histories and single or few item col- ceived many collections from the tions of back issues of newsletters lections of “miscellaneous physics.” American Institute of Physics (AIP) and for each of the member societies and These smaller collections make up a its ten member societies. These in- AIP divisions that are part of our Mis- majority of our holdings and offer new clude the records of the American Col- cellaneous Publications collections ways of looking at historical events that each have their and people important to the physical own online find- sciences. This year, these include bi- ing aid (http://www. ographies of Joseph P. Levinger, John aip.org/history/ead/ P. Schiffer and Frank Elmore Ross. In browse.html). One our institutional histories, information of our largest acces- is now available on the early history of sions from the last AIP’s Physics Today Division, the In- few years, the Ameri- ternational Committee for Future Ac- can Geophysical celerators (ICFA), the background of Union (AGU) records the Gaseous Electronics Conference are now processed (GEC), and the Landau school and AIP and have a finding translation program. Along with these aid online (http:// manuscript biographies and institu- www.aip.org/his- tional histories, the additions to our tory/ead/20120413. “miscellaneous physics” collection html) available for include a bibliography on quantum researchers. Further- mechanics compiled by Alfred M. more, we received an Bork, course notes of Victor Weiss- addition to the Hugh kopf’s course on quantum mechanics Everett papers from by Isaac Halpern, diplomas of Edson Ronald Mickens, his Wolcott, a draft of a possible textbook collection on Afri- written by George Gamow titled “Ba- On September 6, 1985, the first laser lethality test was conducted can-American physi- sic Theories of Modern Physics” and for the Strategic Defense Initiative on the High Energy Laser Sys- cists, and the 2011 a CD-ROM and installation guide for tem Test Facility (HELSTF) at White Sands Missile Range, New Mex- ico. Credit: Official Department of Defense Photograph, courtesy and 2012 addition to the first version of Applied Physics AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Physics Today Collection. the Gravity Research Letters (APL) online. ■ www.aip.org/history Winter 2012–2013 | History Newsletter 9 Recent Publications of Interest of the Quaternary geoscience”; R. G. A. Fricke and K. Schlegel, “100th Compiled by Alex Wellerstein anniversary of the discovery of cosmic This is our usual compilation of some (by no means all) recently published articles radiation: the role of Günther and on the history of modern physics, astronomy, geophysics, and allied fields. Note Tegetmeyer in the development of the that these bibliographies have been posted on our website since 1994, and you can necessary instrumentation.” search the full text of all of them (along with our annual book bibliography, recent Catalog of Sources entries, exhibit materials, etc.) by using the “Search” icon on our History of Science site index: www.aip.org/history/s-index.htm. Vol. 50, No. 3: Josep Simon, “Secondary Matters: Textbooks and the Making of To restrict your search to the bibliographies, enter in the box: Physics in Nineteenth-Century France [your search term(s)] and “recent publications” and England.”

Isis Annals of Science CERN Courier Vol. 69, No. 4: Daniel Jon Mitchell, Vol. 52, No. 5: “Edoardo Amaldi and the Vol. 103, No. 2: Matthew Stanley, “Measurement in French Experimental origins of ESA.” “Predicting the Past: Ancient Eclipses Physics from Regnault to Lippmann. and Airy, Newcomb, and Huxley on the Rhetoric and Theoretical Practice”; Vol. 52, No. 6: “A discovery of cosmic Authority of Science.” Renée J. Raphael, “Printing Galileo’s proportions”; “Domenico Pacini and the Journal for the History Discorsi: A Collaborative Affair”; Jean- origin of cosmic rays,” “The discovery of of Astronomy François Gauvin, “The Instrument That air-Cherenkov radiation.” Never Was: Inventing, Manufacturing, Vol. 43, No. 3: Helge Kragh, “Karl Popper and Branding Réaumur’s Thermometer Vol. 52, No. 8: “The history of QCD.” on Physical Cosmologies.” During the Enlightenment.” Historical Studies in Notes and Records Archive for History the Natural Sciences of the Royal Society of Exact Sciences Vol. 42, No. 3: Chen-Pang Yeang, Vol. 66, No. 3: Terje Brundtland, “Francis Vol. 66, No. 4: Yaakov Zik, Giora Hon, “From Mechanical Objectivity to Hauksbee and his air pump.” “Magnification: how to turn a spyglass Instrumentalizing Theory: Inventing into an astronomical telescope.” Radio Ionospheric Sounders”; Alex Perspectives on Science Vol. 66, No. 5: Jean-Marc Ginoux, René Wellerstein, “Nuclear Others.” Vol. 20, No. 4: Thomas Pashby, “Dirac’s Lozi, “Blondel et les oscillations auto- Prediction of the Positron: A Case Study entretenues.” Vol. 42, No. 4: Rebecca Slayton, “From for the Current Realism Debate”; Kent W. a “Dead Albatross” to Lincoln Labs: Staley, “Dirac’s “Fine-Tuning Problem”: A Berichte zur Applied Research and the Making of Constructive Use of Anachronism?” Wissenschaftsgeschichte a Normal Cold War University” ; Lisa Vol. 35, No. 3: Helmut Pulte, “Rational M. Mundey, “The Civilianization of a Physics in Perspective Mechanics in the Eighteenth Century. Effects Test: Operation Vol. 14, No. 3: Kristel Wautier, Alexander On Structural Developments of a ARGUS.” Jonckheere, Danny Segers, “The Life Mathematical Science.” and Work of Joseph Plateau: Father of Vol. 42, No. 5: Jessica Wang, “Physics, Film and Discoverer of Surface Tension”; British Journal for Emotion, and the Scientific Self: Merle Paul Halpern, “Quantum Humor: The the History of Science Tuve’s Cold War”; William Thomas, Playful Side of Physics at Bohr’s Institute Vol. 45, No. 3: John Krige, “Hybrid “Strategies of Detection: Interpretive for Theoretical Physics”; Victor S. Alpher, knowledge: the transnational co- Methods in Experimental Particle “Ralph A. Alpher, Robert C. Herman, and the production of the gas centrifuge for Physics, 1930–1950”; Nasser Zakariya, Cosmic Background Radiation.” uranium enrichment in the 1960s.” “Making Knowledge Whole: Genres of Synthesis and Grammars of Ignorance.” Vol. 14, No. 4: Helge Kragh, “Zöllner’s Centaurus Universe”; Karl Hufbauer, “From Student Vol. 54, No. 3: Stefano Bordoni, History of Geo- of Physics to Historian of Science: T.S. “Unearthing a Buried Memory: Duhem’s and Space Sciences Kuhn’s Education and Early Career, Third Way to Thermodynamics.” Vol. 3, No. 2: A. Egeland and W. J. Burke, 1940–1958”; Hans Christofer Børresen, “The ring current: a short biography”; “Flawed Nuclear Physics and Atomic Vol. 54, No. 4: Stefano Bordoni, J. K. Nielsen and S. Helama, “Christian Intelligence in the Campaign to deny “Unearthing a Buried Memory: Duhem’s Theodor Vaupell, a Danish 19th century Norwegian Heavy Water to , Third Way to Thermodynamics. Part 2.” naturalist and a pioneering developer 1942–1944.”

10 History Newsletter | Winter 2012–2013 www.aip.org/history Grant-in-Aid Research Experience at the Niels Bohr Library & Archives By Peter Susalla, Ph.D. Candidate, University of Wisconsin

I visited the Niels Bohr Library & Archives Among the material housed at the Lemaitre, and wondering about the im- (NBLA) in February on a Grant-in-Aid to NBLA, in addition to the AIP’s statisti- plications of Edwin Hubble’s recently conduct research for my dissertation on cal information on graduate programs published discovery of a linear relation- the history of modern cosmology. My and original promotional materials from ship between the redshifts and distances project describes how cosmology, which the individual programs themselves, the of extragalactic nebulae. That Tolman intellectuals circa 1900 understood as records of the Education Office of the was aware of the work of his colleague part of metaphysics (and so part of phi- American Astronomical Society were at the nearby Mt. Wilson Observatory is losophy), developed into a major branch particularly important in helping me to not very surprising, but it was quite ex- of physics and astronomy research by the understand how astronomers thought citing to see this mixture of cosmological end of the century. As it did so, cosmol- about science education in the 1960s theory and observation brought into the ogy remained a field at the boundaries of and 1970s. This was a period when cos- classroom at such an early date. acceptable research, as scientists, philos- mology began to enter science curricula ophers, religious thinkers, and educators at all levels of education, and I was able A final word about the NBLA’s collec- all asked: “is cosmology even science?” to see how the AAS and its Committee tion of oral history interviews: thanks for Education in Astronomy began to to the amazing work of the NBLA staff, Cosmology did become part of sci- consider the place of cosmology in its more and more of these interviews are ence: about 20% of all astronomy grad- education reform efforts. now available online, yet a number are uate students in the 1980s worked in only accessible as typed transcripts cosmology and cosmology-related re- However, one of my favorite “finds” at or as physical audio recordings. Hav- search, based on data compiled by the the NBLA relating to the development of ing electronic versions of interviews is AIP and available at the NBLA. These cosmology pedagogy dates from an ear- a great help in searching for names or kinds of materials on scientific training lier time: a series of lecture notes taken keywords, but working at the NBLA and and pedagogy are especially valuable to by Lorenz Huff, a student in Richard C. listening to some of these recordings— my project, as Thomas Kuhn and many Tolman’s course in general relativity at such as a lecture series on cosmology by historians since have emphasized that Caltech in 1929. Through Huff’s notes, George Gamow in the final year of his the techniques of the classroom are we see Tolman and his class working life, or astronomer Jesse Greenstein’s just as important in the formation and through a variety of early cosmologi- frank opinions on the psychological at- propagation of a new discipline as are cal models, including those of Albert tractions of cosmology research—was the techniques of the laboratory. Einstein, Willem de Sitter, and Georges itself a remarkable experience for me. ■

(Recent Pubs, cont’d from previous page) made gravity rather than motion “Les conceptions nouvelles de la matière”; relative in general relativity”; Helge Germano D’Abramo, “The peculiar status Physics Today Kragh, “The isotope effect: Prediction, of the second law of thermodynamics Vol. 65, No. 9: Christopher M. Graney, discussion, and discovery”; Ari Gross, and the quest for its violation”; Giora “Anatomy of a fall: Giovanni Battista “Pictures and pedagogy: The role of Hon, Bernard R. Goldstein, “Maxwell’s Riccioli and the story of g.” diagrams in Feynman’s early lectures”; contrived analogy: An early version of the Arianna Borrelli, “The case of the methodology of modeling.” Vol. 65, No. 10: Ari Belenkiy, “Alexander composite Higgs: The model as a Friedmann and the origins of modern “Rosetta stone” in contemporary high- Technology and Culture cosmology.” energy physics.” Vol. 53, No. 4: Thomas R. Wellock, “Engineering Uncertainty and Vol. 65, No. 11: Bruce J. Hunt, “Oliver Vol. 43, No. 4: William Demopoulos, Bureaucratic Crisis at the Atomic Energy Heaviside: A first-rate oddity.” Melanie Frappier, Jeffrey Bub, “Poincaré’s Commission, 1964–1973.” ■

Vol. 65, No. 12: Orville R. Butler and R. Joseph Anderson, “Risky business: A Did you know? study of physics entrepreneurship.” You can search our books and serials collection or peruse archival col- Studies in History and lections in our repository and throughout the world via the International Philosophy of Modern Physics Catalog of Sources (ICOS). Vol. 43, No. 3: Michel Janssen, “The Visit our online catalogs at www.aip.org/history/icos twins and the bucket: How Einstein www.aip.org/history Winter 2012–2013 | History Newsletter 11 Record-Breaking Year for Book Donations

The Niels Bohr Library & Archives had a record-breaking year for donations, receiving over 1000 books from 45 donors in the last 12 months.

Some of the larger book donations we received this year included the library of Charles Duke; nearly 200 books from William Lanouette that focus on nuclear physics and the life of Leó Szilárd; 174 titles in astronomy and astrophysics from Charles J. Peterson; over 100 quantum physics and general physics titles from Kenneth W. Ford; over 80 titles in geophysics and the history of science from His- tory Center Director Greg A. Good; 60 titles from the library of Dr. Harvey Casson, donated by his wife, Sophie Casson; over 60 titles from Paul Forman, a collection rich in early twentieth-century German materials; 60 books from Mark L. Mon- troll; over 50 titles from the library of , donated to the library Pictured left: AVS member and Medard W. Welch Award by his wife Duscha Weisskopf; 32 textbooks and technical monographs, mostly winner Charles Duke. Pictured right: Physicist Victor Weisskopf (1908–2002). Photos courtesy AIP Emilio Segrè in crystallography, from John Higgins; and 30 books in radiology and physics in Visual Archives, Physics Today Collection. medicine from the library of Paul Rosenbaum, gift of his wife Joan Rosenbaum.

We also received generous book donations from the following individuals and institutions:

David Bohlin Dieter Hoffman George Mueller Charles E. Schmid John A. Cape Gerald Holton Melvin Oakes Benjamin Snavely Ugo Carpentieri John L. Hubisz Randolph Reeder Joan Stirling David Cassidy David J. Lockwood Sheila T. Rose Alex Wellerstein Leonard Dobrznski Jeffrey Marque Carol Rossini Geoffrey G. Eicholz John Moreschi Marc Rothenberg American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT) American Geophysical Union (AGU) Physics Today

In addition to the donations listed above, we received several titles from the libraries of physicists who have passed away, donated to the library by family members:

Alexander N. Gerritsen, Gift of Rob and Jeroen Gerritsen Henry Kolm, Gift of Cornelia Cesari Arthur L. Schawlow, Gift of Helen Schawlow Johnson and Edith Schawlow Dwan

Individual titles donated to the library by their authors and editors this year included:

• Sterken, Christiaan and John B. Hearnshaw, eds. 100 Years of Observational Astronomy and Astrophysics: A Collection of Papers on the History of Observational Astrophysics; Homage to Miklós Konkoly Thege (1842–1916). : Universitaire Stichting, 1999.

• Halpern, Paul. Edge of the Universe. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, 2012.

• Blackmore, John T., Ryoichi Itagaki, and Setsuko Tanaka. Great Realists from Galileo to Planck. Enfield, NH: Sentinel Open Press, 2011.

• Maushart, Marie-Ann. Hertha Sponer: A Woman’s Life As a Physicist in the 20th Century ‘’so You Won’t Forget Me.’’ Edited by Brenda P. Winnewisser. Translated by Ralph A. Morris. Additional material by Annette Vogt. Durham, N.C.: Dept. of Physics, Duke University, 2011. (Donated by Brenda P. Winnewisser).

• Bloembergen, Nicolaas. Nelineinaia optika. Moskva: Mir Publishers, 1966. (This is the Russian translation of Bloembergen’s Nonlinear Optics, which was donated along with a Chinese translation).

• Pavlovic, Arthur S. Physics at WVU: A History : 1896–1990. [Morgantown, W. Va.]: A.S. Pavlovic, 2011.

We are grateful to all of our donors this year who have helped to strengthen and fill in the gaps in our collection with these contributions.

For information on donating books, contact Kim Hukill, Librarian, at 301-209-3182 or [email protected].

12 History Newsletter | Winter 2012–2013 www.aip.org/history Documentation Preserved Dates: 1983–1993. Size: 3 linear feet (5 Compiled by Melanie Mueller boxes). Restrictions: Collection is open to research. Our report of new collections or new finding aids is based on our regular survey of archives and other repositories. Many of the collections are new accessions, which Colin F. McClare papers. Collection may not be processed, and we also include previously reported collections that now Dates: 1960s–1970s. Size: 1 linear foot. Re- have an online finding aid available. strictions: Open. To learn more about any of the collections listed below, use the International Catalog of Sources for History of Physics and Allied Sciences at www.aip.org/history/icos. Eugenie V. Mielczarek papers. Collec- You can search in a variety of ways including by author or by repository. tion Dates: 1966. Size: 13.5 linear feet (38 boxes). Please contact the repository mentioned for information on restrictions and access to the collections. . Archives. Pusey Library. Cambridge, MA 02138, USA NEW COLLECTIONS restricted; wherever possible, surrogate copies are provided for patron use, as Oral history interviews with Lewis McA- Chemical Heritage Foundation. The noted in the series listings. The remain- dory Branscomb. Collection Dates: Donald F. and Mildred Topp Oth- der of the collection may be used by 2009–2010. Size: 0.17 cubic feet (1 half- mer Library of Chemical History. qualified readers in the Reading Room of document box). Restrictions: Open for 315 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA the Fermilab History and Archives Proj- research. 19106, USA ect in Wilson Hall or the Archives House in the Fermilab Village. All collections Harry Mimno lecture notes for physics Rudolph Pariser papers. Collection are available for patron use only with ad- courses. Collection Dates: 1925–1928. Dates: 1951–1995. Size: 4.5 linear feet. vance notification; please consult the Ar- Size: 0.1 cubic foot (1 folder). chivist for the current retrieval schedule.

Columbia University. Rare Book and Henry E. Huntington Library. 1151 Manuscript Library. Butler Library, George Mason University. Special Oxford Road, San Marino, CA 91108, 6th Floor East, New York, NY 10027, Collections & Archives Fairfax, VA USA USA 22030-4444, USA Albert R. Hibbs papers. Collection Dates: Louis Planck Hammett papers. Collec- Clarence E. Larson science and technol- 1884–2009 (bulk 1931-1999). Size: 80 boxes. tion Dates: 1921–1986. Size: 3 linear feet ogy oral history collection. Collection (Continued on next page) (6 boxes, 1 oversize folder). Restrictions: This collection is located off-site. You will need to request this material at least 24 hours in advance.

Marcus G. Langseth diaries. Collection Dates: 1955–1996. Size: 2.25 linear feet (2 record cartons). Restrictions: This collec- tion is located off-site. You will need to request this material at least 24 hours in advance.

Fermilab. History and Archives Proj- ect Office, MS-109 PO Box 500, Bata- via, IL 60510, USA

John Linsley papers. Collection Dates: 1946–2002 (bulk 1950–2002). Size: 33.5 linear feet (55 boxes, 3 oversize boxes, Experimental project in the country possibly near Ann Arbor, Michigan. L–R: Robert Parsons, 3 cartons, 1 media carton, 1 flatfile). Re- Edwin Dennison, H. Richard Crane, Mrs. Dennison, David Dennison, Jr. David Dennison and Law- strictions: Portions of this collection are rence Hadley. Credit: AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Crane-Randall Collection www.aip.org/history Winter 2012–2013 | History Newsletter 13 (New Collections, cont’d from previous page) Dates: 1946–1957. Size: 32.5 linear feet Size: 27.5 linear feet (22 records boxes). (26 records boxes). Restrictions: This col- Restrictions: This collection requires per- Mount Wilson Observatory Optical Shop lection requires permission for access. mission for access. Please contact the re- papers. Collection Dates: 1903–1938. Please contact the repository for more pository for more information. Size: 931 items. information. LBL Physics Division oversize scientific Mount Wilson Observatory legal papers. LBL Office of the Director administra- files of George . Collection Dates: Collection Dates: 1903–1938. Size: 84 tive files of Donald Cooksey. Collection 1989. Size: 1.25 linear feet (1 records box). items (1 box). Dates: 1958–1963. Size: 22.5 linear feet Restrictions: This collection requires per- (18 records boxes). Restrictions: This col- mission for access. Please contact the re- Seth Barnes Nicholson papers. Collec- lection requires permission for access. pository for more information. tion Dates: 1914–1963. Size: 3 boxes (445 Please contact the repository for more items). information. LBL Physics Division scientific papers of George Smoot. Collection Dates: 1975– Alexander Pogo papers. Collection LBL Office of the Director logbooks of 2007. Size: 45 linear feet (36 records box- Dates: 1952–1959. Size: 936 items. Donald Cooksey. Collection Dates: 1945– es). Restrictions: This collection requires 1980. Size: 5 linear feet (4 records boxes). permission for access. Please contact the Frederic Eugene Wright. Collection Restrictions: This collection requires per- repository for more information. Dates: 1924–1961. Size: 6 boxes, 3 over- mission for access. Please contact the re- size folders (865 items). pository for more information. LBL Physics Division technical docu- ments of George Smoot. Collection LBL Office of the Director records of Dates: 1980–1995. Size: 2.5 linear feet (2 Indiana University. Office of Univer- Edwin M. McMillan [microfilm]. Collec- records boxes). Restrictions: This col- sity Archives and Records Manage- tion Dates: 1907–1991. Size: 5 linear feet lection requires permission for access. ment. Bryan Hall 201, 107 South Indi- (4 records boxes). Restrictions: This col- Please contact the repository for more ana Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, lection requires permission for access. information. USA Please contact the repository for more information. Frank K. Edmondson papers. Collection North Carolina State University. Spe- Dates: 1904–2003. Size: 95 cubic feet (95 LBL Physics Division Group A (Louis Alva- cial Collections Research Center, records boxes). rez Group) logbooks. Collection Dates: NCSU Libraries. Box 7111, Raleigh, 1961–1989. Size: 2.5 linear feet (2 records NC 27695-7111, USA boxes). Restrictions: This collection re- Lawrence Berkeley National Labora- quires permission for access. Please con- Raymond Leroy Murray papers. Collec- tory. Archives and Records Office. tact the repository for more information. tion Dates: 1948–1993. Size: 271.75 linear One Cyclotron Road, Bldg. 69-107, feet. Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Manhat- tan Engineering District records. Collec- John S. Risley papers. Collection Dates: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) tion Dates: 1939–1946. Size: 52.5 linear 1961–2002. Size: 66 linear feet (43 boxes, 2 Chemical Sciences Division scientist feet (43 records boxes). Restrictions: This oversized folders, 1 flat box). files of Patricia Durbin. Collection Dates: collection requires permission for ac- 1941–1969. Size: 3.75 linear feet (3 records cess. Please contact the repository for Superconducting super collider pub- boxes). Restrictions: This collection re- more information. lications collection. Collection Dates: quires permission for access. Please con- 1986–1988.. Size: 4 linear feet (8 boxes). tact the repository for more information. LBL Information and Computing Sci- Restrictions: Access to this collection is ences Division records of Joseph G. restricted until processed. Contact the LBL Life Sciences Division technical re- Hamilton and the Biomedical Research repository for details. cords of Robert K. Mortimer. Collection Group [microform]. Collection Dates: Dates: 1950–1999. Size: 6.25 linear feet 1943–1975. Size: 20 linear feet (16 records Oregon State University. Libraries. (5 records boxes). Restrictions: This col- boxes). Restrictions: This collection re- Special Collections. Corvallis, OR lection requires permission for access. quires permission for access. Please con- 97331, USA Please contact the repository for more tact the repository for more information. information. Jack Dunitz papers. Collection Dates: LBL Physics Division Cosmic Background 1927–2009. Size: 30 linear feet (67 boxes). LBL Office of the Director administra- Explorer (COBE) records of George Restrictions: Portions of specified folders tive files of Donald Cooksey. Collection Smoot. Collection Dates: 1975–1995. are restricted.

14 History Newsletter | Winter 2012–2013 www.aip.org/history Princeton University. Department of Arthur Few academic papers. Collection Norman Ricker papers. Collection Dates: Rare Books and Special Collections. Dates: 1967–2006. Size: 10.5 linear feet (21 1916–1978 (bulk 1922–1965). Size: 12 lin- 1 Washington Road, Princeton, NJ boxes). ear feet. 08544, USA John Wright Freeman papers. Collection Fred Terry Rogers papers. Collection Philip W. Anderson papers. Collection Dates: 1965–1979. Size: 4.5 cubic feet. Dates: 1931–1956. Size: 9.5 linear feet (13 Dates: 1954–1980. Size: 13 linear feet. Re- boxes, 25 bound volumes). strictions: This collection is stored offsite. Geophysical Research Letters editorial Please consult with the Department of files. Collection Dates: 1985–1988. Size: Albert Van Helden academic papers. Col- Rare Books and Special Collections about 36 cubic feet (36 boxes). lection Dates: 1976–1989. Size: 1 linear having the collection recalled to Fires- foot (1 box). tone Library for your use. This process Journal of Geophysical Research corre- normally requires 48–72 hours notice. spondence and article files. Collection Harold Wilson papers. Collection Dates: The collection is open for research with Dates: 1965–1969. Size: 15 linear feet (15 1898–1963. Size: 2 linear feet (3 boxes). the exception of the student files, which boxes). are closed due to FERPA restrictions. F. Curtis Michel academic papers. Col- Smithsonian Institution. National Air Rice University. Fondren Library. lection Dates: 1963–1991. Size: 29 linear and Space Museum. Archives Divi- Woodson Research Center. P. O. Box feet. sion. MRC 322, Washington, DC, 1892, Houston, TX 77001, USA 20560, USA Rice University Vice President for Stu- Jean-Claude de Bremaecker manuscript, dent Affairs records of Ronald Stebbings. Bellcomm, Inc Technical Library collec- “Geophysics: The Earths Interior.” Col- Collection Dates: 1969–1985. Size: 1 linear tion. Collection Dates: 1957–1972. Size: lection Dates: 1985. Size: 0.25 linear feet. foot (1 box). 230 boxes.

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Rice University Space Science Depart- Jet Propulsion Laboratory publications Union records. Collection Dates: 1985– ment records. Collection Dates: 1960s– collection. Collection Dates: 1947–1980. 1989. Size: 3.75 cubic feet. 1990s. Size: 1 linear foot (1 box). Size: 71 boxes. (Continued on next page)

Please help us contact...

...the individuals listed below or their heirs so we can put their oral history interview transcripts online. The ! Library’s project to mount the transcripts of our most valuable oral histories on the web is close to being com- pleted at the end of May, 2013.

Currently, one can read interviews with over 500 physicists and astronomers, including figures like Bohr, Bethe, Chandrasekhar, Gell-Mann, and Rabi, and listen to voice clips of Heisenberg, Gamow, and others, by clicking on the list of names at http:// www.aip.org/history/nbl/oralhistory.html. For a full description of the project, which was funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, see our Fall 2008 newsletter (http://www.aip.org/history/newsletter/fall2008/oral-history.html).

Contacting interviewees and heirs for permissions is one of the most important and most time consuming parts of the project, and you and other newsletter readers have been of enormous help in the past. We are counting on you now to help us include these important individuals in our new online archive. If you have contact or other information, please get in touch with Amanda Nelson at [email protected] or 301-209-3172.

Brossel, Jean Giulotto, Luigi Lebedev, Vladimir Powsner, Artjom Dollfus, Andouin Harrison, Stanley M. Morgan, Stanley O. Priester, Wolfgang Eremeera, Alina Herneck, Friedrick Mueller, Stephan Randall, Harrison Fan, H. Y. Hoag, J. Barton Mustel, Evald Rudolfovich Reber, Grote Fok, Vladmir A. Hollingsworth, Anthony Neel, Louis Rezanov, Igor Grisdale, Richard O. Jensen, James O. Nix, Foster Cary Stevens, Dorothy Grover, Frederick Laptij, Viktor Perrin, Michael W. White, Stephen

www.aip.org/history Winter 2012–2013 | History Newsletter 15 (New Collections, cont’d from previous page) Richard Porter papers. Collection Dates: strictions: The collection is open to re- 1934–1996. Size: 22 boxes. search. Samuel P. Langley papers. Collection Dates: 1866–1962, undated. Size: 65 boxes. Science Service astronomy and astro- Martha Ludwig papers. Collection Dates: National Air and Space Museum sound nautics files. Collection Dates: 1920s– 1974–2006. Size: 63 linear feet (92 boxes). archives. Collection Dates: circa 1950– 1970s. Size: 114 boxes. Restrictions: The collection is open to re- 1988. Size: 27 boxes. search.

National Air and Space Museum Glen- University of California, Santa Barba- University of Michigan Department of nan-Webb-Seamans Project oral history ra. Library. Dept. of Special Collec- Physics publications. Collection Dates: interviews. Collection Dates: 1985–1990. tions. Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA 1915–ongoing. Size: 1 linear foot. Restric- Size: 193 hours of interviews with 22 indi- tions: The records are open for research. viduals. Restrictions: Access and use con- Lawrence Badash papers. Collection ditions range from public to permission Dates: circa 1921–1987. Size: 3 linear feet required for access. (2 records cartons). Restrictions: Collec- University of Minnesota. Charles tion is stored off-site; advance notice is Babbage Institute. Center for the National Air and Space Museum Peen- required for retrieval. History of Computing. University of emünde Project records. Collection Minnesota Libraries, Minneapolis, Dates: 1987–1990. Size: 39 hours of inter- Herbert P. Broida papers. Collection MN 55455, USA views with 13 individuals. Restrictions: Dates: 1957–1979. Size: 6.7 linear feet (16 Access and use conditions range from document boxes, 1 half-sized document Russell K. Hobbie Computer Animation public to permission required for access. box and 1 flat oversize box. Restrictions: films. Collection Dates: 1974. Size: 1 box Boxes 14–16 restricted pending staff re- (4 items). Restrictions: Access to the col- National Air and Space Museum Rand view. Collection is stored off-site; ad- lection is unrestricted. History Project oral history interviews. vance notice required for retrieval. Collection Dates: 1985–1990. Size: 104 hours of interviews with 29 individuals. Alan J. Heeger papers. Collection Dates: University of Wisconsin--Madison. Restrictions: Access and use conditions 1952–2003 (bulk 1980–2000). Size: 23.4 lin- University Archives. Steenbock Li- range from public to permission re- ear feet (58 document boxes and 1 half- brary, Madison, WI 53706, USA quired for access. sized document box). Kenneth L. Cashdollar class notes. Collec- National Air and Space Museum Space As- Walter Kohn papers. Size: 41.2 linear feet tion Dates: 1972–1973. Size: 11 volumes. tronomy Oral History Project. Collection (104 boxes). Dates: 1981–1986. Size: 225 hours of inter- Charles H. Holbrow lab notebooks. Col- views with 56 individuals. Restrictions: Ac- lection Dates: 1960–1962 Size: 2 note- cess and use conditions range from public University of Maryland. Hornbake books. to permission required for access. Library. Archives and Manuscripts Department. College Park, MD University of Wisconsin-Madison De- National Air and Space Museum Space partment of Astronomy Orbiting Astro- Telescope History Project records. Col- 20742, USA lection Dates: 1983–1990. Size: 235 hours physical Observatory records. Collec- of interviews with 80 individuals. Restric- Mukul Kundu papers. Collection Dates: tion Dates: 1959–1973. Size: 4 cubic feet. tions: Access and use conditions range 1970–2010 (bulk 1980–2010). Size: 25.5 lin- from public to permission required for ear feet. Restrictions: This collection has Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photo-Polarimeter access. several restricted folders and may require Experiment records. Collection Dates: additional pre-screening before viewing. 1982–1995. Size: 2 cubic feet. Homer Edward Newell, Jr. speech tran- Please contact the Archives and Manu- scripts. Collection Dates: 1960–1973. Size: scripts Department for more information. Washburn Observatory logbook. Collec- 2 boxes. tion Dates: 1965–1986. Size: 1 volume (22 centimeters). Peenemünde aerodynamics reports. Col- University of Michigan. Bentley His- lection Dates: 1938–1945. Size: 5 boxes. torical Library. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2113, USA University of Wyoming. American Peenemünde technical reports, Fort Heritage Center. Dept. 3924, 1000 Bliss / Putkammer collection. Collection Emmett N. Leith papers. Collection E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY Dates: 1938–1945. Size: 4 boxes. Dates: 1954–2005. Size: 12 linear feet. Re- 82071, USA

16 History Newsletter | Winter 2012–2013 www.aip.org/history Sherwin F. Kelly papers. Collection American Philosophical Society. Li- may request permission to use restricted Dates: 1938–1975 (bulk 1959–1975). Size: brary. 105 South Fifth Street, Phila- materials. Consult the Institute Archi- 1.35 cubic feet (3 boxes). delphia, PA 19106, USA vist for further information. Materials are stored off-site. Advance notice is re- University of Wyoming Infrared Ob- Giovanni Valentino Mattia Fabroni cor- quired for use. servatory records. Collection Dates: respondence. Collection Dates: 1770s– 1976–2004. Size: 3.83 cubic feet (5 boxes). 1875. Size: 8 linear feet. Physical Science Study Committee re- Restrictions: There are no access restric- cords. Collection Dates: circa 1958–1971 tions on the materials for research pur- Size: 12.7 cubic feet (11 record cartons, poses, and the collection is open to the Massachusetts Institute of Technol- 5 manuscript boxes, 1 CD box). Restric- public. ogy. Institute Archives and Special tions: This collection is unprocessed but Collections. M.I.T. Libraries, Rm. it is open for research. In accordance 14N-118, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA with MIT policy, there may be restrictions Yale University Library. Manuscripts on access to MIT records. and Archives. Box 208240, New Ha- Atoms for Peace Award records. Collec- ven, CT 06520, USA tion Dates: 1944–1972. Size: 5 cubic feet. Restrictions: There are no restrictions National Archives and Records Ad- Robert E. Apfel papers. Collection Dates: on access to this collection. Materials ministration. Pacific Sierra Region. 1973–2000. Size: 1.25 linear feet (2 boxes). are stored off-site. Advance notice is re- 1000 Commodore Drive, San Bruno, Restrictions: Box 2 is restricted until 1 quired for use. CA 94066, USA January 2033 by Yale University policy. Alfred L. Loomis papers. Collection Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) Of- NEW FINDING AIDS Dates: 1926–1975. Size: 0.3 cubic feet (1 fice of the Director records of Edwin M. manuscript box). Restrictions: There are McMillan. Collection Dates: 1907–1991. University of Alberta. University Ar- no restrictions on access to this collec- Size: 323.75 linear feet (259 records box- chives. 1-19 Rutherford (South), Ed- tion. Retrieval requires advance notice. es). Restrictions: This collection requires monton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E2 permission for access. Please contact the MIT Radiation Laboratory records. Col- repository for more information. A. B. Bhatia papers. Collection Dates: lection Dates: 1941–1991. Size: 2 cubic 1940–1987. feet (1 record carton, 3 manuscript box- LBL Office of the Director records of Ed- es). Restrictions: In accordance with MIT win M. McMillan. Collection Dates: 1940– policy, there are restrictions on access to 1973. Size: 1.25 linear feet (1 records box). University of Toronto. University Ar- portions of this collection. Researchers (Continued on next page) chives. 120 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A5, Canada

Elizabeth J. Allin papers. Collection Dates: 1910–1989. Size: 1.32 metres.

David Dunlap Observatory records. Col- lection Dates: 1921–1970. Size: 0.91 linear meters (6 boxes).

Frank S. Hogg papers. Collection Dates: 1929. Size: 0.13 metres.

Kenneth G. McNeill papers. Collection Dates: 1940s–1980s Size: 4.0 metres.

Ruth J. Northcott papers. Collection Dates: 1953–1968. Size: 0.60 metres (5 boxes).

University of Toronto Department of As- Russian scientists savor their success in making the first room-temperature conductor laser. From lower right, clockwise: Zhores I. Alferov, Vladimir I. Korol’kov, Dmitry Z. Garbuzov, Vyacheslev tronomy records. Collection Dates: circa M. Andreev, and Dmitriy N. Tretyakov. Credit: Zhores I. Alferov, courtesy AIP Emilio Segrè Visual 1884–1953. Size: 4.0 linear meters. Archives, Hecht Collection. www.aip.org/history Winter 2012–2013 | History Newsletter 17 Princeton University. Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, 1 Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

Newton Lacy Pierce papers. Collection Dates: 1937–1950. Size: 2 linear feet (5 boxes).

Rutgers University. Libraries. Spe- cial Collections and Archives. New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA

Consumers’ Research, Inc. government war preparation general files on post- 1945 national defense. Collection Dates: 1945–1980. Size: 3.5 linear feet. Restric- tions: Stored offsite: advance notice re- Charlotte Moore Sitterly working in her office Credit: AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, gift of quired to consult these records. Michael A. Duncan Consumers’ Research, Inc. science and Restrictions: This collection requires per- Interview with Donald L. Carpenter. Col- engineering technical files on acoustics. mission for access. Please contact the re- lection Dates: 2002. Size: Transcript: 52 pgs. Collection Dates: 1930–1980. Size: 2 lin- pository for more information. Oral history interview with John Kraus. ear feet. Restrictions: Stored offsite: ad- Collection Dates: 2002. Size: Transcript: vance notice required to consult these LBL Physics Division hydrogen bubble 18 pages. records. chamber logbooks. Collection Dates: 1953–1957. Size: 1.25 linear feet (1 records Oral history interview with Arlo Land- Consumers’ Research, Inc. science and box). Restrictions: This collection re- olt. Collection Dates: 10 April 2001. Size: engineering technical files on radioactiv- quires permission for access. Please con- Sound recording: 1 cassette. Transcript: ity. Collection Dates: 1946–1980. Size: 1.5 tact the repository for more information. 40 pages. linear feet. Restrictions: Stored offsite: advance notice required to consult these LBL Physics Division scientific logbooks records. of Owen Chamberlain, Emilio Segrè and Oregon State University. Libraries. Clyde Wiegand. Collection Dates: 1946– University Archives. Corvallis, OR 1954. Size: 1.25 linear feet (1 records box). 97331, USA Smithsonian Institution. Archives. Restrictions: This collection requires per- Capital Gallery, Suite 3000, MRC 507, mission for access. Please contact the re- Melvin Cutler papers. Collection Dates: 600 Maryland Avenue SW, Washing- pository for more information. 1951–1958. Size: 0.05 cubic feet (1 box). ton, DC 20024-2520, USA Restrictions: Collection is open for re- LBL Physics Division technical records search. Charles G. Abbot papers and records of of Emilio Segrè. Collection Dates: 1942– Rubin H. Landau papers. Collection the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observa- 1963. Size: 1.25 cubic feet (1 records box). Dates: 1966–2008, (bulk 1975–2005). Size: tory. Collection Dates: 1889–1973. Size: 30 Restrictions: This collection requires per- 19 cubic feet (20 boxes). Restrictions: Col- linear meters and oversize. Restrictions: mission for access. Please contact the re- lection is open for research. Series 4 partially microfilmed. pository for more information. Victor A. Madsen papers. Collection Charles G. Abbot papers and records of Dates: 1964–1998. Size: 1.8 cubic feet (2 the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observa- Ohio State University. University Ar- boxes). Restrictions: Collection is open tory. Collection Dates: 1891–1950s. Size: chives. 2700 Kenny Road, Columbus, for research. 6.5 cubic feet (6 record boxes). OH 43210, USA Oregon State University Radiation Cen- Carl Barus papers. Collection Dates: Oral history interview with Carl S. Benson. ter photographs. Collection Dates: 1891–1893. Size: 1 folder. Restrictions: Collection Dates: 22 June 2001. Size: Sound 1959–1965. Size: 0.01 cubic foot (2 boxes, Use of this record unit requires prior ar- recording: 3 cassettes. Transcript: 67 pages. 1 oversize box). rangement with the Archives staff.

18 History Newsletter | Winter 2012–2013 www.aip.org/history Center for Short-lived Phenomena pub- feet (5 record boxes, 2 oversize boxes). Imre G. Izsak papers. Collection Dates: lications. Collection Dates: 1968–1974. Restrictions: Restricted for duration of 1961–1965. Size: 0.1 linear meters. Size: 1.5 cubic feet (1 record box, 1 docu- Riccardo Giacconi’s lifetime without writ- ment box). ten permission from Donor; contact ref- Harry Stephen Ladd papers. Collection erence staff for details. Dates: circa 1915–1982, undated. Size: 1.2 Center for Short-lived Phenomena re- linear meters. Restrictions: Use of this cords. Collection Dates: 1968–1974. Size: Robert H. Goddard papers. Collection record unit requires prior arrangement 3 linear meters. Dates: 1917–1946. Size: 1 linear meter. with the Archives staff. Restrictions: (1) Record unit available Frank Wigglesworth Clarke papers. Col- on microfilm; (2) use of this record unit Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory lection Dates: 1873–1921. Size: 0.2 linear requires prior arrangement with the Ar- Mount Hopkins Department records. meter. Restrictions: (1) Some of the cor- chives staff. Collection Dates: 1966–1970. Size: 0.7 respondence is written in French and linear meters. Restrictions: Use of this German; (2) use of this record unit re- Frederick Atwood Greeley papers. Col- record unit requires prior arrangement quires prior arrangement with the Ar- lection Dates: 1920–1979. Size: 0.5 linear with the Archives staff. chives staff. meters. Restrictions: (1) Additional mate- rials on the SAO solar constant program Robert P. Multhauf papers. Collection Henry Helm Clayton papers. Collection and Greeley’s reports and correspon- Dates: circa 1957–1987. Size: 2 linear me- Dates: 1877–1949 and undated. Size: 1.6 dence can be found in record unit 85; (2) ters. linear meters and oversize. Restrictions: use of this record unit requires prior ar- Use of this record unit requires prior ar- rangement with the Archives staff. National Academy of Sciences records. rangement with the Archvies staff. Collection Dates: 1863–1887. Size: 0.1 lin- Bruce C. Heezen papers. Collection ear meter. Restrictions: Use of this record David H. DeVorkin papers. Collection Dates: circa 1947–1981. Size: 42.5 linear unit requires prior arrangement with the Dates: circa 1979–2002. Size: 3 cubic feet meters and oversize. Restrictions: Use of Archives staff. (3 record boxes). Restrictions: Until the this record unit requires prior arrange- death of the Donor, SIA will notify the ment with the Archives staff. National Air and Space Museum Office Donor prior to, or within 7 days after, of Cooperative Programs program files. the materials have been accessed for Vioalle Hefferan papers. Collection Collection Dates: 1987–1996. Size: 5 cubic research. Contact reference staff for de- Dates: 1943–1974. Size: 0.5 cubic feet (1 feet (5 record boxes). tails. document box). National Air and Space Museum Office of the Deputy Director records. Collection Richard H. Emmons papers. Collection History of Science Society editorial man- uscript files. Collection Dates: 1986–2003. Dates: 1961–1988. Size: 10.3 linear meters. Dates: circa 1935–1976, 1990–1995, 2005. Size: 55 cubic feet. Restrictions: (1) Restricted; (2) use of this Size: 4.5 cubic feet (4 record storage box- es, 1 document box).

Riccardo Giacconi papers. Collection Dates: 1955–2000. Size: 94 records storage boxes, 1 oversize box, 1 blueprint storage tube. Restrictions: Restricted for duration of Riccardo Giacconi’s lifetime without written permission from Donor; contact reference staff for details.

Riccardo Giacconi papers. Collection Dates: circa 1958–1992, 2008. Size: 28 cu- bic feet (28 record boxes). Restrictions: Restricted for duration of Riccardo Gi- acconi’s lifetime without written permis- sion from Donor; contact reference staff for details. Photograph taken on the Yerkes Observatory expedition to Santa Catalina Island, California to record the total solar eclipse of September 10, 1923. Identification key available upon request. Riccardo Giacconi papers. Collection Credit: Photograph by B. W. Harris, Yerkes Observatory, University of Chicago, courtesy AIP Emilio Dates: circa 1971–2004. Size: 6.5 cubic Segrè Visual Archives. www.aip.org/history Winter 2012–2013 | History Newsletter 19 (Finding Aids, cont’d from previous page) tions: Use of this record unit requires Collection Dates: 1961–1973. Size: 7.5 prior arrangment with the Archives staff. linear meters. Restrictions: Use of this record unit requires prior arrangement record unit requires prior arrangement with the Archives staff. Science Service records. Collection with the Archives staff. Dates: 1921–1974. Size: 3 cubic feet (3 re- National Air and Space Museum Office of cord boxes). Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory the Director records. Collection Dates: Atomic and Molecular Physics Division re- circa 1972–1989. Size: 13.5 linear meters. Irwin I. Shapiro papers. Collection Dates: cords. Collection Dates: circa 1959–1986. Restrictions: (1) Restricted; (2) use of this circa 1960–1990. Size: 5 cubic feet (5 re- Size: 1.25 cubic feet (1 record storage box) record unit requires prior arrangement cord boxes). and (0.5 document boxes). Restrictions: with the Archives staff. This collection is open for research. Keneth A. Simons papers. Collection National Air and Space Museum Depart- Dates: circa 1957–1958. Size: 0 cubic feet. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory ment of Space History, Space Telescope Central Engineering Department con- History Project records. Collection Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory tract files. Collection Dates: 1978–1996. Dates: circa 1968–1988. Size: 16 cubic feet Star Catalogue star charts. Collection Size: 73 cubic feet (73 record boxes). (16 record boxes). Dates: 1967. Size: 6.16 cubic feet (16 blue- print storage tubes). Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory National Air and Space Museum Space Division of High Energy Astrophysics re- History Division videohistory records. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory cords. Collection Dates: 1973–1985. Size: Collection Dates: 1985–1992. Size: 1 cubic records. 0.8 linear meter. Restrictions: (1) Restrict- feet (1 record box). Collection Dates: 1893–1899. Size: 0.1 linear meter. Restrictions: Use of ed; (2) use of this record unit requires prior arrangement with the Archives staff. National Museum of History and Tech- this record unit requires prior arrange- nology Division of Electricity and Mod- ment with the Archives staff. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory ern Physics records. Collection Dates: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Meteorite Photography and Recovery 1886–1978. Size: 1.4 linear meters. Re- records. Collection Dates: 1923–1954. Project (Prairie Network) records. Col- strictions: Use of this record unit re- Size: 2.9 linear meters. Restrictions: Use quires prior arrangement with the Ar- of this record unit requires prior arrange- lection Dates: circa 1962–1975. Size: 0.4 chives staff. ment with the Archives staff. linear meter. Restrictions: Use of this record unit requires prior arrangement National Museum of History and Tech- Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory with the Archives staff. nology Office of the Director special records. Collection Dates: circa 1954– project records. Collection Dates: 1953– 1966. Size: 26.5 linear meters. Restrictions: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory 1978. Size: 0.8 linear meter. Restrictions: Use of this record unit requires prior ar- Moonwatch Division records. Collection Use of this record unit requires prior ar- rangement with the Archives staff. Dates: 1956–1975. Size: 8.5 linear meters. rangement with the Archives staff. Restrictions: Use of this record unit re- Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory quires prior arrangement with the Ar- Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory website records. Collection Dates: 2011. chives staff. Radio Meteor Project records. Collec- tion Dates: circa 1959–1971. Size: 44.86 Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory linear meters. Restrictions: Use of this Assistant Director (Administration) sub- Office of the Deputy Director records. record unit requires prior arrangement ject files. Collection Dates: 1964–1973. Collection Dates: circa 1963–1983. Size: with the Archives staff. Size: 1.6 linear meters. Restrictions: Use 15.2 linear meters. Restrictions: (1) Re- of this record unit requires prior arrange- stricted; (2) use of this record unit re- Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory ment with the Archives staff. quires prior arrangement with the Ar- Radio Meteor Project records. Collec- chives staff. tion Dates: 1964–1969. Size: 54.5 cubic Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory feet (54 record boxes, 1 document box). Assistant Director (Management) re- Smithsonian Astrophysical Observa- cords. Collection Dates: 1956–1967. Size: tory Office of the Director records of Franco Dino Rasetti papers. Collection 5 linear meters. Restrictions: Use of this Irwin I. Shapiro. Collection Dates: circa Dates: 1944-1965, undated. Size: 0.2 linear record unit requires prior arrangement 1964–1994. Size: 86.5 cubic feet 86 record meter. with the Archives staff. boxes, 1 document box). Restrictions: Ac- cession 98-078 boxes 2, 23 and 25 contain Richard B. Roberts notebook. Collection Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory materials restricted indefinitely; contact Dates: 1938–1939. Size: 1 volume. Restric- Assistant Director (Science) records. reference staff for details.

20 History Newsletter | Winter 2012–2013 www.aip.org/history Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Smithsonian Institution Assistant Sec- use of this record unit requires prior ar- Optical and Infrared Astronomy Division retary for Research records. Collection rangement with the Archives staff. departmental records. Collection Dates: Dates: 1985–1987. Size: 8.2 linear meters. 1957–1979, undated. Size: 3.5 cubic feet (3 Restrictions: (1) Restricted; (2) use of this Smithsonian Institution Office of the record boxes, 1 document box). record unit requires prior arrangement Secretary correspondence of Samuel with the Archives staff. P. Langley. Collection Dates: 1887–1907. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Size: 5.7 linear meters. Restrictions: Use Project Celescope records. Collection Smithsonian Institution Assistant Sec- of this record unit requires prior arrange- Dates: 1958–1968. Size: 2.6 linear meters. retary for Research records. Collection ment with Archvies staff. Restrictions: Use of this record unit re- Dates: circa 1973–1990. Size: 7 linear me- Smithsonian Institution Office of the quires prior arrangement with the Ar- ters. Restrictions: (1) Restricted; (2) use of Secretary records of Alexander Wetmore chives staff. this record unit requires prior arrange- and Leonard Carmichael. Collection ment with the Archives staff. Dates: 1949–1964. Size: 42.9 linear me- Smithsonian Astrophysical Observa- ters. Restrictions: Use of this record unit tory Radio and Geoastronomy Division Smithsonian Institution Assistant Sec- requires prior arrangement with the Ar- records. Collection Dates: 1978–1983. retary for Science records. Collection chives staff. Size: 1.2 linear meters. Restrictions: (1) Dates: 1963–1973. Size: 9.5 linear meters. Restricted; (2) use of this record unit Restrictions: Use of this record unit re- Smithsonian Institution Office of the requires prior arrangement with the Ar- quires prior arrangement with the Ar- Secretary records of Charles D. Wal- chives staff. chives staff. cott, Charles G. Abbot, and Alexander Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Wetmore. Collection Dates: 1925–1949. Smithsonian Institution Assistant Sec- Satellite Tracking Program Baker-Nunn Size: 29.1 linear meters. Restrictions: (1) films. Collection Dates: 1955–1969. Size: retary for Science records. Collection Arrangement will be changed; (2) use of 8.61 linear meters. Restrictions: Use of Dates: 1963–1978. Size: 19.9 linear me- this record unit requires prior arrange- this record unit requires prior arrange- ters. Restrictions: Use of this record unit ment with the Archives staff. ment with the Archives staff. requires prior arrangement with the Ar- chives staff. Smithsonian Institution Office of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observa- Secretary records of S. Dillon Ripley. tory Satellite Tracking Program records. Smithsonian Institution Assistant Sec- Collection Dates: 1972–1984. Size: 201.4 Collection Dates: 1957–1983. Size: 26.7 retary for Science records. Collection linear meters. Restrictions: (1) Restricted; linear meters and oversize. Restrictions: Dates: circa 1963–1986. Size: 29.6 linear (2) use of this record unit requires prior (1) Restricted; (2) use of this record unit meters. Restrictions: (1) Restricted; (2) arrangement with the Archives staff. requires prior arrangement with the Ar- chives staff.

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Satellite Tracking Station program re- cords. Collection Dates: 1953–1968. Size: 10.9 linear meters. Restrictions: Use of this record unit requires prior arrange- ment with the Archives staff.

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Senior Research Fellow correspondence of George B. Field. Collection Dates: 1982–1983, 1986–1994. Size: 1.5 cubic feet (1 record box, 1 document box).

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Southwest Meteor Spectral Patrol re- cords. Collection Dates: 1968–1972. Size: 0.2 linear meter. Restrictions: Use of this Charlotte Moore Sitterly (third from right) sitting in the White House with a group of unidenti- record unit requires prior arrangement fied people talking with President Johnson (left). Credit: AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, gift of with the Archives staff. Michael A. Duncan. www.aip.org/history Winter 2012–2013 | History Newsletter 21 Smithsonian Institution Office of the Grace Murray Hopper papers. Collection Temple University. Libraries, Special Secretary records of the Research Cor- Dates: 1944–1965. Size: 3.0 cubic feet. Collections, Philadelphia, PA 19122, poration. Collection Dates: 1912–1959. USA Size: 1.6 linear meters. Restrictions: Use James W. Queen & Company collection. of this record unit requires prior arrange- Collection Dates: 1850–1952. Size: 3.5 cu- François Joseph Jérôme Nicklès corre- ment with the Archives staff. bic feet (7 boxes). spondence. Collection Dates: 1848–1869. Size: 1.2 cubic feet (3 boxes). International Ultraviolet Explorer video- Harold Lyons collection on atomic history collection [videorecording]. Col- clocks. Collection Dates: 1935–1991. Size: lection Dates: 1990. Size: Videorecord- circa 2 cubic feet (6 boxes). Restrictions: University of Iowa. Main Library. Ar- ings, 4 cassettes (6.7 hours); transcripts, Unrestricted research access on site by chives. Iowa City, IA 52242-1420, USA 185 pages. Restrictions: To view videohis- appointment. Unprotected photographs tory projects, call or write the SIA, MRC must be handled with gloves. Fees for Harry F. Olson papers. Collection Dates: 414, 900 Jefferson Drive, SW, Washington, commercial reproduction. Copyright 1938–1966. Size: 0.25 linear feet. DC, 202-357-1420. transferred to Smithsonian Institution in Deed of Gift. University of Iowa Department of Phys- videohistory collec- ics records. Collection Dates: 1888–1997. tion [videorecording]. Collection Dates: Whirlwind Computer Collection. Col- Size: 40 linear feet. Restrictions: This col- 1987–1990. Size: 29 videotapes, 18 tran- lection Dates: 1945–1949. Size: 10.3 cubic lection is open for research. scripts. Restrictions: To view videohistory feet (31 boxes). projects, call or write the SIA, MRC 414, University of Iowa Physics Department 900 Jefferson Drive, SW, Washington, DC, National Company (NATCO) atomic Space Exploration Artifacts collection. 202-357-1420. clocks records. Collection Dates: 1955– Size: 19.5 linear feet. 1968. Size: 5.5 cubic feet (15 boxes, 3 Manhattan Project videohistory collec- oversize boxes). Restrictions: Unrestrict- tion. Collection Dates: 1987–1990. Size: ed research use on site, by appointment. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Li- 29 videocassettes (VHS): sound, color; Gloves required with unprotected pho- braries. University Archives. Room 1/2 inch. tographs. Copyright restrictions. Contact 308, Love Library. Lincoln, NE 68588- staff for information. 0410, USA Rand Corporation oral history interviews [videorecording]. Collection Dates: Computer Oral History Collection. Col- Theodore Townsend Smith correspon- 1987–1990. Size: 15 videotapes, 8 tran- lection Dates: 1969–1973, 1977. Size: 43.5 dence. Collection Dates: 1953. scripts. Restrictions: To view videohistory cubic feet (158 boxes). Restrictions: Some projects, call or write the SIA, MRC 414, interviews may be restricted. Joel Stebbins astronomy notebook. Col- 900 Jefferson Drive, SW, Washington, DC, lection Dates: 1900. Size: 1.0 item. 202-357-1420. Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) Collection. Collection Dates: 1985–1992. United States National Museum Division Size: 4 cubic feet (8 boxes). University of Notre Dame. Archives. of Mineralogy and Petrology correspon- 607 Hesburgh Library, Notre Dame, dence. Collection Dates: 1932–1963. Size: Society for the History of Technology, IN 46556, USA 1.3 linear meters. Technology and Culture records. Col- lection Dates: 1958–1992. Size: 95 cubic Henry J. Bolger papers. Collection Dates: Vail family telegraph collection. Collec- feet (285 boxes). Restrictions: Some cor- 1900–1964. Size: 2.5 linear inches. Restric- tion Dates: 1830–1898, 1912–1917. Size: respondence and editorial reviews may tions: Contractual restrictions may apply. 2.2 linear meters. Restrictions: (1) Some be restricted. items cannot be reproduced on special Charles J. Mullin papers. Collection order due to bindings; (2) use of this Charles Sumner Tainter papers. Collec- Dates: 1940–1960s. Size: 17.5 linear feet. record unit requires prior arrangement tion Dates: 1878–1919. Size: 2 cubic feet Restrictions: Contractual restrictions with the Archives staff. (6 boxes). may apply.

Paul G. Watson collection. Collection University of Notre Dame Department of Smithsonian Institution. National Dates: 1963–1965. Size: 1 cubic foot (2 Physics records. Collection Dates: circa Museum of American History. Ar- document boxes). 1955–1970s. Size: 18 boxes. ■ chives Center. MRC 601, 12th Street and Constitution Avenue, NW, Connect with us: /AIPhistory @AIPhistory Washington, DC 20560, USA

22 History Newsletter | Winter 2012–2013 www.aip.org/history

Center for History of Physics Non-Profit Org. American Institute of Physics U.S. POSTAGE One Physics Ellipse PAID College Park, MD 20740-3843 College Park, MD Permit No. 2321

History Newsletter A publication of the American Institute of Physics

STAFF MEMBERS This Newsletter is a biannual publication of the Cen- Gregory A. Good, Director, Center for History of Physics ter for History of Physics and the Niels Bohr Library & R. Joseph Anderson, Director, Niels Bohr Library & Archives Archives, American Institute of Physics, One Physics Stephanie Jankowski, Senior Administrative Secretary Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740; phone: 301-209-3165; fax: Orville R. Butler, Associate Historian 301-209-0882; e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]; Editor: Alex Wellerstein, Post-Doctoral Fellow Gregory A. Good. The Newsletter reports activities of the Center for History of Physics and Niels Bohr Library & Ada Uzoma, Web Specialist Archives, and other information on work in the history Kim Hukill, Assistant Librarian of physics and allied fields. Chip Calhoun, Technical Services Archivist Melanie Mueller, Archivist Any opinions expressed herein do not necessarily Amanda Nelson, Associate Archivist represent the views of the AIP or its Member Lindsey Gumb, Photo Librarian Societies. This Newsletter is available by request Barbara Allen, Senior Library Preservation Assistant without charge, but we welcome donations (tax- Nancy Honeyford, Senior Library Assistant deductible) to the Friends of the Center for History of Phys- Mary Romanelli, Senior Photo Archives Assistant ics (www.aip.org/history/historymatters). A web version is Beth Emmerling, Digital Archives Assistant available at http://www.aip.org/history/newsletter/current/.

Center for History of Physics One Physics Ellipse College Park, MD 20740 301 209 3165 www.aip.org/history