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Final Report Addis Ababa December, 2016

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Final Report Addis Ababa December, 2016 Ethiopian Development Research Institute and EU – Ethiopia EUROPEAN UNION Situation Analysis of the Eight Geographical Clusters under the EU Resilience Building Program in Ethiopia (RESET) Main Report (Volume II) Final Report Alebel B. Weldesilassie, Getnet Alemu, Tibebu Sado and Habtemariam Kasa Addis Ababa December, 2016 i Table of Contents Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................................... i List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................... iii List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... iv 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. The EU Resilience Building Program in Ethiopia (RESET) ........................................................ 2 1.2. Study Objective ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.3. Organization of the Report ..................................................................................................... 4 2. Conceptual Framework of the Situation Analyses .......................................................................... 6 2.1. Concept of Resilience .............................................................................................................. 6 2.2. Resilience, Livelihood, Resource, Health and Nutrition: the Linkage ..................................... 7 3. Study Approach ............................................................................................................................. 12 3.1. Data ....................................................................................................................................... 12 3.2. Selection of Sample Woredas and Kebeles ........................................................................... 13 3.3. Survey Instruments ............................................................................................................... 14 3.4. Situation Analysis Method .................................................................................................... 15 4. Context Analyses ........................................................................................................................... 17 4.1. Demographic Characteristics ................................................................................................ 17 4.2. Access to Basic Social Services .............................................................................................. 18 4.3. Access to Basic Infrastructure ............................................................................................... 25 5. Livelihood and Wealth Analysis .................................................................................................... 30 5.1. Trends and Status of Livelihood ............................................................................................ 30 5.2. Trends and Status of Wealth Profile and Food Security ....................................................... 44 5.3. Gender Dimensions of Rural Livelihoods Analysis ................................................................ 54 5.4. Major Drivers of Livelihood ................................................................................................... 58 6. Health and Nutrition Analysis ....................................................................................................... 60 6.1. Health and Nutrition Service Delivery .................................................................................. 60 6.2. Health and Nutrition Service Utilization ............................................................................... 66 6.3. Morbidity and Mortality: Trend ............................................................................................ 78 6.4. Gender .................................................................................................................................. 85 6.5. Major Drivers of Health and Nutrition .................................................................................. 90 6.6. Summary Findings on the Situation of Health and Nutrition ............................................... 93 7. Natural Resources and Disaster Risk Management .................................................................... 101 7.1. Natural Resources: Current Status and Changes over Time ............................................... 102 7.2. Dependence on and Access to Natural Resources ............................................................. 115 7.3. Underlying Drivers of Natural Resources Degradation ....................................................... 119 7.4. Adjusting Pressure to the Potential of NRs to Reduce NR Degradation ............................. 121 7.5. Disaster Risk Management: Emphasis on Risks and Their Impacts .................................... 121 7.6. Major Drivers of Change ..................................................................................................... 134 7.7. Areas of Emphasis to Strengthen NR and DRM and Use of Indicators ............................... 135 8. Policy, Programs and Institutional Analyses ............................................................................... 137 8.1. Policy and Program Intervention on Resilience .................................................................. 137 i 8.2. Mapping of Cluster Level Resilience Interventions and Institutions .................................. 149 9. Gaps and Opportunities .............................................................................................................. 161 9.1. Livelihood Resilience ........................................................................................................... 161 9.2. Health and Nutrition ........................................................................................................... 163 9.3. NR and DR Management ..................................................................................................... 171 9.4. Policy and Institutions ......................................................................................................... 183 10. References .............................................................................................................................. 186 11. Annexes ................................................................................................................................... 190 11.1. Volume I: Situation Analyses of the Eight Geographical Clusters under the EU Resilience Building Program in Ethiopia (Executive Summary) ....................................................................... 190 11.2. Volume III: Annexes to Basic Context, Policy Review and Disaster Risk Planning .......... 190 11.3. Volume IV: Profile of Agricultural Production System in the Eight Geographical Clusters under the EU Resilience Building Program in Ethiopia ................................................................... 190 11.4. Volume V: Spatial Distribution and Accessibility to Rural Facilities Maps in the Eight Geographical Clusters under the EU Resilience Building Program in Ethiopia ............................... 190 ii List of Tables Table 3.2. Number of focus group discussions and key informant interviews conducted ................... 14 Table 4.1. Population by sex ................................................................................................................. 17 Table 4.2. Population by age group ...................................................................................................... 17 Table 4.3. Access to school facilities in the EU RESET II cluster areas .................................................. 19 Table 4.4. Health facility coverage in rural areas .................................................................................. 20 Table 4.5. Number of water supply schemes (functional at the time of survey) ................................. 21 Table 4.6. Access to protected water supply (functional at the time of survey) .................................. 22 Table 4.7. Access to basic rural facilities (number and percent of villages by distance to facilities) ... 24 Table 4.8. Access to agricultural services.............................................................................................. 26 Table 4.9. Number of non-farm enterprises ......................................................................................... 26 Table 4.10. Access to public services and infrastructure ...................................................................... 27 Table 4.11. Current status of access to basic infrastructure ................................................................ 29 Table 5.1. Livelihood activity system .................................................................................................... 31 Table 5.2. Livestock population by cluster (2014/15) ........................................................................... 34 Table 5.3. Size of livestock per household by cluster for 2014/15
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