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AA09-Patthana-24-Kondisi-2018.Pdf | PAṬ Ṭ HA NA 24 Kondisi | 1 二十缘发趣论 PAṬṬHĀNA 24 Kondisi Sayalay Susıl̄ ā Dhammavihārı ̄ Buddhist Studies Jakarta 2018 2 | PAṬ Ṭ HA NA 24 Kondisi | Paramatthadesanā PAṬṬHĀNA 24 Kondisi Pustaka Penerbit Dhammavihārī Buddhist Studies Cetakan I, Agustus 2018 Penerjemah: Rosalina Lin Penyunting: Feronica Laksana Tabel: Pranoto Djojohadikoesoemo Design Sampul: Andries M. Halim Penata Letak & Grafik: Ary Wibowo Hak Cipta: Yayasan Dhammavihari Rukan Sedayu Square Blok N 15-19 Jl. Outer Ring Road, Lingkar Luar Jakarta Barat 11730 Tel: 0857 82 800 200 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dhammavihari.or.id Hak Cipta dilindungi oleh undang-undang. Buku ini dipublikasikan hanya untuk dibagikan secara GRATIS dan TIDAK UNTUK DIJUAL. PAṬṬHĀNA 24 Kondisi | PAṬ Ṭ HA NA 24 Kondisi | 31 Daftar Isi Kata Pengantar 5 Pendahuluan 7 I. Kondisi Akar (hetupaccayo) 17 II. Kondisi Objek (ārammaṇapaccayo) 31 III. Kondisi Yang-Mendominasi (adhipatipaccayo) 43 IV. Kondisi Tanpa-Antara (anantarapaccayo) 63 V. Kondisi Rangkaian (samanantarapaccayo) 67 VI. Kondisi Kemunculan-Bersama (sahajātapaccayo) 69 VII. Kondisi Mutualisme (aññamaññapaccayo) 75 VIII. Kondisi Ketergantungan (nissayapaccayo) 77 IX. Kondisi Ketergantungan-Yang-Kuat (upanissayapaccayo) 83 X. Kondisi Kemunculan-Lebih-Awal (purejātapaccayo) 99 XI. Kondisi Kemunculan-Belakangan (pacchājātapaccayo) 107 XII. Kondisi Pengulangan (āsevanapaccayo) 111 XIII. Kondisi Kamma (kammapaccayo) 119 XIV. Kondisi Resultan (vipākapaccayo) 139 XV. Kondisi Nutrisi (āhārapaccayo) 149 XVI. Kondisi Pengendalian (indriyapaccayo) 161 XVII. Kondisi Jhāna (jhānapaccayo) 171 XVIII. Kondisi Magga (maggapaccayo) 177 XIX. Kondisi Asosiasi(sampayuttapaccayo) 195 XX. Kondisi Disosiasi (vippayuttapaccayo) 199 XXI. Kondisi Eksistensi (atthipaccayo) 201 XXII. Kondisi Ketidakmunculan (natthipaccayo) 205 XXIII. Kondisi Kelenyapan (vigatapaccayo) 205 XXIV. Kondisi Ketidaklenyapan (avigatapaccayo) 201 Klasifikasi 24 Kondisi 207 Tanya-Jawab (Q&A) 217 Berbagi Jasa Kebajikan 225 Biografi Sayalay Susīlā 227 Daftar Buku Karya Sayalay Susıl̄ ā 229 4 | PAṬ Ṭ HA NA 24 Kondisi | | PAṬ Ṭ HA NA 24 Kondisi | 5 Kata Pengantar ami pertama kali mengenal Sayalay Susıl̄ ā pada tahun 2012, Ksaat beliau berkunjung ke Jakarta untuk memberikan Dhammatalk mengenai Abhidhamma dan juga retret satu hari. Di acara tersebut juga diluncurkan buku beliau yang pertama kalinya diterjemahkan ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia yaitu “Unravelling the Mysteries of Mind & Body through Abhidhamma” (Mengungkap Misteri Batin & Jasmani Melalui Abhidhamma). Dalam kunjungan beliau kali ini, beliau juga memberikan Dhammatalk mengenai Abhidhamma dan Mettā Bhāvanā serta retret satu hari, sehubungan dengan kegiatan tersebut kami juga telah menyiapkan buku terbaru beliau yaitu Paṭṭhāna 24 Kondisi. Buku ini baru tersedia dalam Bahasa Mandarin, untuk itu terima k a s i h k e p a d a R o s a l i n a L i n ya n g s u d a h b e r s e d i a menerjemahkannya dalam waktu yang singkat, dan kepada Pranoto yang melengkapinya dengan tabel-tabel yang sesuai dengan materi kelas Abhidhamma di DBS. 6 | PAṬ Ṭ HA NA 24 Kondisi | Terima kasih yang tak terhingga kepada guru kami Ashin Kheminda yang telah mengundang Sayalay Susı̄lā untuk memberikan materi Dhammatalk Abhidhamma dan meditasi, sehingga kita semua bisa mendengarkan ceramah Dhamma dari guru Abhidhamma dan meditasi yang kompeten. Terima kasih juga kepada Sayalay Susı̄lā yang telah mengizinkan kami menerjemahkan dan menerbitkan karya ini serta kepada tim penerbit, rekan-rekan pelajar Abhidhamma DBS dan para donatur yang memungkinkan tercetaknya buku ini. Semoga semua makhluk sehat dan berbahagia, dan semoga kebajikan yang telah dilakukan oleh Anda semua bisa membawa ke arah kehancuran noda-noda batin dan dapat secepatnya merealisasi Nibbāna. Ciraṃ Tiṭṭhatu Saddhammo ! Semoga Dhamma Sejati Dapat Bertahan Lama Sādhu ! Sādhu !Sādhu ! Ketua Tim Propagasi DBS Feronica Laksana | PAṬ Ṭ HA NA 24 Kondisi | 7 Pendahuluan da tujuh buku di dalam Abhidhamma Piṭaka, Paṭṭhāna Amerupakan buku ketujuh yang juga merupakan bagian yang paling “dalam” dari Abhidhamma Piṭaka. Empat minggu setelah tercerahkan di bawah pohon Bodhi, Buddha mulai merenungkan Abhidhamma. Dimulai dari buku pertama Dhammasaṅgaṇī, saat perenungan buku pertama hingga keenam, tubuh Beliau tidak memancarkan cahaya, namun saat tiba pada perenungan buku ketujuh yakni Paṭṭhāna, pada saat itulah kebijaksanaan dan pengetahuan Beliau mendapat kesempatan untuk berkembang sempurna dan pada saat itu pula disebabkan kebijaksanaan dan pengetahuan ini, maka terpancarlah enam jenis cahaya yang terang benderang dari tubuh Beliau yakni warna biru, kuning, merah, putih, jingga dan gabungan dari kelima warna tersebut. Bendera Buddhis yang ada sekarang diciptakan berdasarkan keenam jenis warna tersebut. 8 | PAṬ Ṭ HA NA 24 Kondisi | | PAṬ Ṭ HA NA 24 Kondisi | 9 Seumpama kita memasukkan seekor ikan yang berukuran besar ke sungai yang kecil, maka ikan tersebut akan sangat menderita. Mengapa? Karena sungai terlalu kecil baginya untuk dapat berenang secara bebas. Sebaliknya apabila ikan besar ini kita kembalikan ke samudra yang luas, maka ia dapat berenang dengan bebas, tanpa hambatan. Demikian pula halnya dengan kebijaksanaan dan pengetahuan, Buddha dapat tercapai kesempurnaan-Nya saat merenungkan Paṭṭhāna. Paṭṭhāna menjelaskan secara terinci bagaimana dan dengan berbagai cara batin (nāma) dan jasmani (rūpa) dapat saling berhubungan. Paṭṭhāna menjelaskan paṭiccasamuppāda —fenomena kemunculan yang saling bergantung, yakni bagaimana dhamma yang mengondisi dengan adanya suatu kekuatan kondisi¹ khusus dapat memunculkan dhamma terkondisi. Karena itulah keseluruhan isi dari Paṭṭhāna berbicara tentang fenomena kemunculan yang saling bergantung. Dalam proses kemunculan, fenomena tidak adanya sesuatu yang abadi atau tidak adanya seorang tuan sebagai penguasa, tidak adanya makhluk hidup, tidak adanya Anda, saya, maupun dia, yang ada hanyalah proses dari reaksi antara batin dan jasmani, semuanya hanyalah fenomena yang tidak kekal dan tanpa diri. Buddha berkata: “yo paṭiccasamuppādaṃ passati so dhammaṃ passati; yo dhammaṃ passati so paṭiccasamup- pādaṃ passatī”ti. ¹ Kekuatan kondisi, ada 24 jenis, tersimpan dalam dhamma yang mengondisi, seperti rasa pedas yang tersimpan dalam biji cabai. 10 | PAṬ Ṭ HA NA 24 Kondisi | “Ia yang melihat paṭiccasamuppāda, juga melihat Dhamma; ia yang melihat Dhamma, juga melihat paṭiccasamuppāda.” (Mahāhatthipadopama Sutta-Majjhima Nikāya 28) Paṭiccasamuppāda merupakan Dhamma yang fundamental dalam Buddha Dhamma. Hanya dengan memahami secara penuh tentang paṭiccasamuppāda, maka seseorang akan memahami kebenaran hakiki tentang tanpa diri. Buku tersebut menjelaskan tentang hubungan sebab akibat yang saling bergantung antara nāma dan rūpa, yakni tentang kondisi pendukung khusus yang dimiliki oleh dhamma yang mengondisi—24 jenis kondisi. Untuk dapat memahami paṭṭhāna, setidaknya harus memahami tiga keadaan yang berhubungan dengan setiap kondisi. (1) Yang pertama adalah dhamma yang mengondisi ( p a c c a y a d h a m m ā ) a d a l a h d h a m m a y a n g m e n g on disika n d h amma la in nya . Me la lu i kemunculan dhamma mengondisikan ini, ia mendukung atau mempertahankan dhamma lainnya sehingga menjadi kondisinya. (2) Yang kedua adalah dhamma yang muncul karena k o n d i s i a t a u d h a m m a y a n g t e r k o n d i s i (paccayupannadhammā) adalah dhamma yang mendapat dukungan dari dhamma yang mengondisi. Karena mendapat dukungan dari dhamma yang mengondisi maka ia muncul atau dapat bertahan terus. Contoh, dalam mata rantai pertama dalam 12 nidāna | PAṬ Ṭ HA NA 24 Kondisi | 11 (12 rangkaian sebab akibat)² avijjāpaccayā saṅkhāra—karena ketidaktahuan, aktivitas-aktivitas dengan kehendak muncul, artinya karena ketidaktahuan muncul, maka aktivitas-aktivitas dengan kehendak muncul. Ketidaktahuan adalah dhamma yang mengondisikan, aktivitas-aktivitas dengan kehendak adalah dhamma yang muncul karena kondisi. (3) Yang ketiga adalah kondisi (paccayasatti) adalah cara tertentu yang digunakan oleh dhamma yang mengondisikan untuk memunculkan dhamma terkondisi. Ada 24 jenis kondisi. K i t a a m b i l “ a v i j j ā p a c c a y ā s a ṅ k h ā r a — k a re n a ketidaktahuan, muncul aktivitas-aktivitas dengan kehendak” sebagai contohnya. Melalui apakah ketidaktahuan memunculkan aktivitas-aktivitas dengan kehendak? Kondisi apa yang menggerakkan ketidaktahuan untuk memunculkan aktivitas- aktivitas dengan kehendak? Nah, dengan melalui 24 kondisi inilah kita akan dapat lebih mudah menjelaskannya. 24 Kondisi terdiri dari: I. Kondisi akar (hetupaccayo) II. Kondisi objek (ārammaṇapaccayo) III. Kondisi yang-mendominasi/pemimpin (adhipatipaccayo) ² 12 nidāna: 1. avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā, 2. saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ, 3. viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṃ, 4. nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṃ, 5. saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso, 6. phassapaccayā vedanā, 7. vedanāpaccayā taṇhā, 8. taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ, 9. upādānapaccayā bhavo, 10. bhavapaccayā jāti, 11. jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇa-soka-parideva-dukkha-domass'upāyāsā sambhavanti. 12 | PAṬ Ṭ HA NA 24 Kondisi | IV. Kondisi tanpa-antara/tanpa-sela-waktu (anantarapaccayo) V. Kondisi rangkaian/bersambungan (samanantarapaccayo) VI. Kondisi kemunculan/kelahiran-bersama (sahajātapaccayo) VII. Kondisi mutualisme/saling-bergantung-satu- sama-lain (aññamaññapaccayo) VIII. Kondisi ketergantungan/penyokong (nissayapaccayo) IX. Kondisi ketergantungan/penyokong-yang-kuat (upanissayapaccayo) X. Kondisi kemunculan/kelahiran-lebih-awal (purejātapaccayo) XI. Kondisi kemunculan/kelahiran-belakangan (pacchājātapaccayo)
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