Alcohol, Tobacco, & Other Drugs

Bell Ringer: 1. Why do people binge drink? 2. What are the possible results from binge drinking? 3. Is there such thing as drinking responsibly? What do you think?  Ethanol – the type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages ◦ Produced through fermentation of fruits, vegetables and grains

 Fermentation – the chemical action of yeast on sugars ◦ Water, flavoring and minerals are mixed with ethanol to produce beverages such as wine and beer

Alcohol What is one drink?

• 12 oz. beer • 5 oz. table wine • 1.5 oz. 80 proof alcohol liquor (shot or mixed drink)

The normal, healthy liver can process about 1/2 ounce of pure alcohol (that’s 6 to 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1 ounce of spirits) in an hour. The rest flows on to your heart. The Path of Alcohol

1. Alcohol enters the mouth. 2. Alcohol travels down the throat to the stomach. 3. Alcohol is absorbed into the blood by the stomach and small intestine. 4. Alcohol travels through the blood to the water-containing organs of the body. 5. Alcohol affects many brain functions. 6. Alcohol is metabolized in the liver. 7. Alcohol is excreted from the body after processing by the kidneys.

DRUGS, ALCOHOL & TOBACCO Effects of Alcohol Short-Term Effects of Alcohol Abuse • Nausea • Vomiting • Dehydration • Reduced reaction time • Poor Vision • Memory loss • Blackout Alcohol Short Term Effects

Nervous Cardiovascular Digestive Respiratory System System System System Brain – Heart –at low Stomach – Lungs – fill with becomes less intake increase carbon dioxide able to control increases heart stomach acid Breathing – the body rate and blood causing nausea depress nerves Memory – pressure; at and vomiting that cause thought high intake Liver –toxic involuntary processes decreases chemicals are reactions such as disorganized, Blood Vessels released breathing, memory and – expand and Kidneys – breathing slows concentration body increase urine dulled temperature output Judgment – lowers altered and coordination impaired Long-Term Effects of Alcohol Abuse • Liver diseases • Heart disease • Psychiatric and social problems • Increased risk of some cancers Alcohol Long Term Effects

Nervous System Cardiovascular Digestive System System Brain – addiction, Heart – damage Liver – fatty liver, loss of brain to heart muscles, alcoholic hepatitis, functions, brain enlarged heart, cirrhosis damage high blood Stomach –ulcers pressure and cancer Pancreas - blockage The amount an individual consumes determines their Blood Alcohol Concentration • B.A.C – alcohol to blood ratio • Legal amount is .08 or 8% of your blood is alcohol • B.A.C can be impacted by the following: • Gender, weight, presence of food or drugs • TOLERANCE DOES NOT IMPACT B.A.C

SERVING SIZE Blood Alcohol Chart What Does Blood Alcohol Level Mean?

Blood Alcohol Level Effects 0.01 - 0.03 Mild relaxation; slight loosening of inhibitions; slight loss of social discomfort; mild intensification of mood.

0.05 - 0.06 Small buzz; slight sedation; feelings of warmth & relaxation; loss of shyness; emotion and behavior can become exaggerated; fine motor skills decline; reaction time slows. There may be only minimal awareness of these effects. Driving is a risky choice. 0.08 BAL limit for DUI in Idaho Blood Alcohol Level Effects 0.07 - 0.09 Fuzzy thinking; motor skills clearly impaired; speech may be noticeably impaired; sight and hearing acuity are reduced; judgment ability is slowed and reduced. Ability to decide about further drinking is impaired and ability to evaluate and respond to sexual situations is diminished.

0.1 - .2 Emotions unstable; perceptions, thinking, judgment, reaction time are all significantly impaired. 0.25 - .3 Confusion, disorientation, dizziness, exaggerated emotions. All sense perceptions distorted. Numb. Severe risk of injury.

(Warning: legally impaired consent is the same as NO CONSENT). Blood Alcohol Level Effects 0.3 - 0.4 Stupor; motor functions severely impaired; unable to stand/walk. Vomiting, incontinence are high risk. Loss of pain awareness. Impaired consciousness. Risk of death. 0.4 + High risk of impaired circulation, respiration or heart rhythm. Coma and death due to anesthesia of brain areas and nervous system functioning are very possible.

Factors influencing B.A.C., including the time frame it takes the liver to breakdown alcohol

. This depends on your blood alcohol content. Alcohol is metabolized at the rate of .015 of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) every hour.

. Someone with a BAC of .15 would be alcohol-free in about 10 hours (i.e. .15 BAC / .015 metabolism rate = 10 hours)

. It takes the human liver 1 hour to break down 1 ounce of 80 proof alcohol. 1 ounce of alcohol = 8 ounces wine = 12 ounces beer. A shot glass is approx 1 ounce. So add up how many ounces you have consumed and that is how many hours it will take your body to process it. Contrary to popular belief there are no shortcuts or ways to speed up this process, coffee, food, cold shower, nothing will make the breakdown of alcohol in your liver go any faster.

DRUGS, ALCOHOL & TOBACCO The Time Factor

Hours since first drink Subtract this from BAC

1 .015

2 .030

3 .045

4 .060

5 .075

6 .090

DRUGS, ALCOHOL & TOBACCO Alcohol is involved in:

 33% of suicides  50% of homicides  62% of assaults  68% of manslaughter cases  41% of traffic fatalities  50% of all drowning  Domestic abuse, child abuse, neglect and work place injuries

DRUGS, ALCOHOL & TOBACCO Alcohol and Drug Interactions

 Alcohol and drugs do not mix ◦ A factor in ¼ of all emergency room admissions

 Multiplier Effect – medication has a greater or different effect than intended

 Typical Interactions: ◦ Slows absorption increasing the time the drug is in the body ◦ Medication may be broken down faster, decreasing its effectiveness ◦ Increase effects of some drugs

DRUGS, ALCOHOL & TOBACCO Driving Under The Influence

 DWI – Driving  Consequences of a while intoxicated DUI  DUI – Driving ◦ Harm to driver and under the influence others ◦ Restricted driving privileges .02 – Driver shows ◦ Loss of license signs of intoxication ◦ Arrest or jail time .08 – Maximum BAC ◦ Higher insurance for a driver rates ◦ Fines DRUGS, ALCOHOL & TOBACCO Alcohol Poisoning

 Alcohol Poisoning – a severe and potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose

 Effects of Alcohol Poisoning ◦ Mental confusion, stupor, coma, passing out ◦ Slow respiration – 10 seconds between breaths ◦ Irregular heartbeat ◦ Hypothermia and low body temperature ◦ Severe dehydration and vomiting

 Call 911 if someone has alcohol poisoning

DRUGS, ALCOHOL & TOBACCO Stages of Alcoholism

1. Abuse – a person drinks and becomes intoxicated regularly

2. Dependence – Physical need for alcohol; alcohol is the central focus

3. Addiction – alcohol is the most important thing in person’s life

DRUGS, ALCOHOL & TOBACCO Treatment Options  Define withdrawal: ◦ process of discontinuing use of drugs. A person may suffer extreme nervousness, headaches, seizures and shaking  Compare two programs for treating alcoholism.

• Family-help teens cope • Advice for living with Al-teen alcoholic

• Helps adults cope with Al-non family who drink Treatment

1. Admission – person admits to having a problem and asks for help 2. Detoxification – a process in which the body adjusts to functioning without alcohol 3. Counseling – gets help to learn to live without alcohol 4. Recovery – the process of learning to live an alcohol free life

 Sobriety – living without alcohol DRUGS, ALCOHOL & TOBACCO Fetal alcohol syndrome • Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a pattern of physical and mental defects that can develop in a fetus in association with high levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. • Alcohol crosses the placental barrier • Can stunt fetal growth or weight • Can create distinctive facial stigmata • Can damage neurons and brain structures, which can result in intellectual disability • Permanent central nervous system damage, especially to the brain. • Can lead to other psychological or behavioral problems • Can also cause other physical damage DRUGS, ALCOHOL & TOBACCO

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Read the articles and do the worksheet – due at the end of class today 1. What is the minimum legal drinking age? A.35 On July 17, 1984, President Reagan signed into law the Uniform Drinking Age Act B.18 mandating all states to adopt 21 as the legal drinking age within five years. C.21 By 1988, all states had set 21 as the D.15 minimum drinking age.

A.Every 10 min B.Every 20 min C.Every hour D.Every hour and a half

Alcohol remains the number one drug portrayed on American television: 1 drinking scene is shown every 22 minutes, compared with 1 smoking scene every 57 minutes and 1 illicit drug use scene every 112 minutes.

A. 1 out of 6 B. 5 out of 6 C. 4 out of 6 D. 2 out of 6

A. Better Memory B. Less Legal Woes C. More Freedom D. All of the Above E. None of the Above

A. Alcohol Poisoning Taking away the B. Drowning keys does C. not take Running off a Cliff away the D. Homicides risks. E. Car Crashes

A. Die young B. Eat Tacos C. Become alcohol dependent. D. Win a scholarship

©2014 Mothers Against Drunk Driving  College Drinking - Alcohol consumption among college students remains a persistent problem.  Gender Differences in Alcohol Use - Nearly 7.82 million 12-20 year old girls reported consuming alcohol in the past year. ◦ Slightly hire number of males report binge drinking habits than females  What Youth Say About Alcohol - When asked why today’s youth drink alcohol, 51% report neither they nor their friends drink.  Underage Alcohol Consumption - Since the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health past month consumption has dropped almost 9% proportionately, binge drinking down 12%, and heavy alcohol use down 17%.  How Alcohol Affects Your Body - Alcohol can alter sleep patterns, basic motor function, and thoughts and emotions. Additionally, memory problems are fairly common among adolescents who consume alcohol.

Underage Drinking Research

8. What is one of the last skills to develop in the brain?

12 oz. 1.5 oz. 5 oz.

A. 12oz beer C. 1.5 oz hard liquor B. 5 oz wine D. They are all equal

Why not drink before 21?

 Peer Pressure ◦ Unspoken: general perception that everyone is doing it. Truth: only one in six of you are binge drinking (five in six DON’T). ◦ Direct: actually being encouraged to go against your own beliefs for fear of ridicule. ◦ Positive: encouraging your peers to make healthy and safe choices; using your influence or power to support others’ good choices.

Common misconceptions as to why the age limit is what it is.

 Be savvy consumers.

 You will continue to see alcohol ads, not because you should be drinking, but because alcohol industries know that research shows, if you see their product enough, you will want it more.

 Spend your cash the way you want, not the way advertisers want.

 Its your choice!!

©2014 Mothers Against Drunk Driving Adults Some adults might provide alcohol to you because…  They drank underage  They want you to learn to drink  They take the keys away so you don’t drive  They think it is harmless fun

REALITY: When teens feel they have their parents’ approval to drink, they do it more and more often when they are not with their parents.

Study packet