Social and Economic Impact Assessment Report Solafrica Parabolic Trough Power Plant
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Social and Economic Impact Assessment Report SolAfrica Parabolic Trough Power Plant Prepared for SolAfrica February 2016 SEIA Report – Solafrica Central Receiver Power Plant DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Client: Solafrica Photovoltaic Energy Limited Report Name: Social and Economic Impact Assessment - Solafrica Parabolic Trough Power Plant Royal HaskoningDHV Reference Number: T01.JNB.000565 Authority Reference Number: - Compiled by: Kim Moonsamy Date: February 2016 Location: Durban Reviewed by: Approval __________________________ Signature © Royal HaskoningDHV All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission from Royal HaskoningDHV i SEIA Report – Solafrica Central Receiver Power Plant TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 1 DETAILS OF THE SPECIALIST AND EXPERTISE TO COMPILE A SPECIALIST REPORT 6 2 SPECIALIST DECLARATION 7 3 PROJECT SCOPE 7 3.1 PROJECT CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND 8 3.1.1 CENTRAL RECEIVER POWER PLANT TECHNOLOGY 9 3.1.2 POWER LINE OPTIONS 10 3.1.3 WATER PIPELINE OPTIONS 11 3.1.4 ROAD USE OPTIONS 12 4 DETAILS OF THE SITE INVESTIGATION 13 5 METHODOLOGY 13 5.1 SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION 13 5.2 PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION 14 6 FINDINGS OF THE ASSESSMENT 15 6.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE 15 6.2 THE NORTHERN CAPE’S SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHALLENGES 15 6.2.1 THE PROVINCIAL ECONOMY 16 6.3 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE !KHEIS LOCAL MUNICIPALITY 21 6.3.1 BACKGROUND AND DEMOGRAPHICS 21 6.3.2 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS IN AFFECTED WARD 3 25 6.4 LABOUR SOURCES AREAS 36 6.5 PRESENTATION OF QUALITATIVE DATA 47 6.5.1 RESULTS OF THE SEPTEMBER TO OCTOBER ENGAGEMENT EXERCISE 47 6.5.2 RESULTS OF THE HERITAGE SPECIALIST STUDY 54 6.5.3 RESULTS OF THE NOISE SPECIALIST STUDY 54 6.5.4 RESULTS OF THE AIR QUALITY SPECIALIST STUDY 55 6.5.5 RESULTS OF THE ECONOMIC AND AGRICULTURAL SPECIALIST ENGAGEMENT EXERCISES 55 6.6 WORKER ACCOMMODATION 56 6.7 GRIEVANCE MECHANISM 56 6.7.1 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A GRIEVANCE MECHANISM 57 7 SENSITIVITY ASSESSMENT 59 8 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 63 8.1 IMPACT METHOD 63 8.2 SANDRAAI’S RESOURCES 64 9 CONCLUSIONS 78 9.1 POWERLINE OPTIONS 78 9.2 PIPELINE OPTIONS 78 9.3 ROAD OPTIONS 78 9.4 CONCLUSION 78 9.5 KEY ACTIONS MOVING FORWARD 79 ii SEIA Report – Solafrica Central Receiver Power Plant 10 LITERATURE CITED 80 List of Figures FIGURE 3-1 : PROPOSED CENTRAL RECEIVER PLANT LOCATIONS 8 FIGURE 3-2 : SITE MAP 9 FIGURE 3-3: OVERVIEW OF CENTRAL RECEIVER TECHNOLOGY 10 FIGURE 3-4: PROPOSED POWERLINE ALTERNATIVES 11 FIGURE 3-5: PROPOSED WATER PIPELINE ALTERNATIVES 12 FIGURE 3-6: ROAD USE OPTIONS 13 FIGURE 6-1: SECTOR CONTRIBUTION TO THE NORTHERN CAPE GDP IN 2013 16 FIGURE 6-2 : SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF MINING’S CONTRIBUTION GVA IN 2009 17 FIGURE 6-3: SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHING’S CONTRIBUTION TO GVA IN 2009 18 FIGURE 6-4: SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF MANUFACTURING’S CONTRIBUTION TO GVA IN 2009 20 FIGURE 6-5: SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SERVICE SECTOR’S CONTRIBUTION TO GVA IN 2009 21 FIGURE 6-6: AGE DISTRIBUTION IN !KHEIS LM IN 2011 23 FIGURE 6-7: DISTRIBUTION OF SPOKEN LANGUAGES WITHIN !KHEIS LM IN 2011 23 FIGURE 6-8: TENURE STATUS WITHIN !KHEIS LM IN 2011 24 FIGURE 6-9: TYPE OF AGRICULTURE BY HOUSEHOLD WITHIN !KHEIS LM IN 2011 25 FIGURE 6-10: LOCATION OF WARD 3 WITHIN !KHEIS LM 26 FIGURE 6-11: POPULATION GROUP IN 2011 IN !KHEIS LM AND WARD 3 27 FIGURE 6-12: POPULATION AGE CATEGORY AND SEX IN WARD 3 27 FIGURE 6-13: GENDER PROFILE IN 2011 IN !KHEIS LM AND WARD 3 28 FIGURE 6-14: HOUSEHOLD OWNERSHIP STATISTICS IN WARD 3 28 FIGURE 6-15: HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION ATTAINED IN 2011 IN !KHEIS LM AND WARD 3 29 FIGURE 6-16: EMPLOYMENT BY SECTOR IN 2011 FOR !KHEIS LM AND WARD 3 30 FIGURE 6-17: EMPLOYMENT BY STATUS IN 2011 IN !KHEIS LM AND WARD 3 30 FIGURE 6-18: EMPLOYMENT BY SECTOR IN WARD 3 31 FIGURE 6-19: ANNUAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN 2011 IN !KHEIS LM AND WARD 3 32 FIGURE 6-20: ENERGY USED FOR COOKING IN 2011 IN !KHEIS LM AND WARD 3 32 FIGURE 6-21: ENERGY USED FOR HEATING IN 2011 IN !KHEIS LM AND WARD 3 33 FIGURE 6-22: ENERGY USED FOR LIGHTING IN 2011 IN !KHEIS LM AND WARD 3 34 FIGURE 6-23: TOILET FACILITIES IN 2011 IN !KHEIS LM AND WARD 3 35 FIGURE 6-24: WATER SOURCE IN 2011 IN !KHEIS LM AND WARD 3 36 FIGURE 6-25: OVERALL PROJECT FOOTPRINT WITH RESPECTIVE 5KM, 10KM AND 25 KM BUFFERS 37 FIGURE 6-26: EXTENT AND LOCATION OF STATISTICAL AREAS AND IDENTIFIED LOCAL AREAS 38 FIGURE 6-27: LOCAL AREAS GENDER AND POPULATION SIZE 39 FIGURE 6-28: LOCAL AREAS INDIVIDUAL POPULATION GROUP 40 FIGURE 6-29: LOCAL AREAS AGE CATEGORIES 41 FIGURE 6-30: LOCAL AREAS EMPLOYMENT BY FORMAL/ INFORMAL SECTOR 41 FIGURE 6-31: LOCAL AREAS EMPLOYMENT STATUS 42 FIGURE 6-32: LOCAL AREAS MIGRATION 43 FIGURE 6-33: LOCAL AREAS BIRTH CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATION 44 FIGURE 6-34: LOCAL AREAS CITIZENSHIP CHARACTERISTICS 44 FIGURE 6-35: LOCAL AREAS ENERGY USED FOR COOKING 45 FIGURE 6-36: : LOCAL AREAS ENERGY USED FOR LIGHTING 46 FIGURE 6-37: LOCAL AREAS ENERGY USED FOR HEATING 46 iii SEIA Report – Solafrica Central Receiver Power Plant FIGURE 6-38: FULL RESPONSES FROM SURVEY CHECKLIST 48 FIGURE 6-39: FULL RESPONSES EMAIL / TELEPHONE COMMENTS 51 FIGURE 6-40: BREAKDOWN OF SAFETY AND SECURITY RESPONSES 53 FIGURE 6-41: BREAKDOWN OF LIVELIHOOD RESPONSES 54 FIGURE 6-38: BASIC DESIGN ELEMENTS OF A PROJECT LEVEL GRIEVANCE MECHANISM 57 FIGURE 1: OVERALL PROJECT FOOTPRINT WITH RESPECTIVE 5KM, 10KM AND 25 KM BUFFERS INDICATING AFFECTED AREAS 59 List of Tables TABLE 6-1: STATISTICAL AREAS AND IDENTIFIED LOCAL AREAS 37 TABLE 6-2: RESPONSES TO SURVEY CHECKLIST 47 TABLE 6-2: RESPONSES VIA EMAIL/ TELEPHONE 49 TABLE 6-4: SAFETY AND SECURITY RESPONSES 51 TABLE 6-5: LIVELIHOOD RESPONSES 53 TABLE 7-1 SOCIAL SENSITIVITY TABULATION 60 TABLE 8-1 IMPACT SIGNIFICANCE RATING TABLE 63 TABLE 8-2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND PROPOSED MITIGATION 65 ACRONYMS ASGISA: Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative – South Africa EA: Environmental Authorisation EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment EIR: Environmental Impact Report GEAR Growth, Employment and Redistribution Strategy GVA Gross Value Added IFC: International Finance Corporation ISRDP Integrated Sustainable Rural Development Programme JIPSA Joint Initiative on Priority Skills Acquisition MDGs: Millennium Development Goals MTSF: Medium Term Strategic Framework NDP National Development Plan NEPAD: New Partnership for Africa’s Development NGP: New Growth Path NU Non-Urban RDP Reconstruction and Development Plan SIA: Social Impact Assessment UNDP: United Nations Development Programme iv SEIA Report – Solafrica Parabolic Trough Power Plant EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Social and Economic Impact Assessment Report is compiled for the proposed Concentrated Solar Power (CSP), a 150MW Concentrated Solar Power plant based on Parabolic Trough technology. The facility will also include ancillary infrastructure in support of the power plant including: water abstraction systems, power lines, roads, storage facilities, administration and operation buildings, construction laydown areas and temporary housing facilities. The proposed development is planned within the !Kheis Local Municipality, within the Siyanda District Municipality in the Northern Cape Province. The SEIA is part of the Specialist input towards an overall current Environmental Impact Assessment process. This report culminates in the gathering and interrogation of data from the Social, Economic and Agricultural Specialists. Primary data gathered includes quantitative statistics from Census 2011 and the use of qualitative data from respondent focus group discussions. Secondary data in the form of literary works, were also consulted. A short summary of the results is encompassed below. Construction Phase Potential loss of cultivated areas due to pipeline and road routing Neg Restricted access (residents and workers) to currently utilised roads Neg Sourcing of equipment and machinery locally Pos Local Gross Geographic Product (GDP) Increase Pos Inconvenience and danger to proximate residents through increased road traffic, dust and noise, including the development new access roads through the development site Neg Perceived preferential access to a finite number of jobs Neg Local job creation opportunities Pos Increased social ills in Groblershoop and surrounding small villages Neg Potential increase in criminal activity in the development footprint and nearby surrounding villages Neg Additional pressure on basic services provision (education, housing and healthcare) Neg Increase in HIV/AIDS cases and associated vulnerabilities Neg Chance Find of Heritage Items/ Sites Neg Impact on agricultural yields along Gariep Road Neg Impact on farm values of neighbouring farms Neg Impact on farm values of Gariep Road Farms Neg Grievance Channel Development Pos Operation Phase Difference in water flow in the Orange River affecting downstream farmers and potentially causing economic displacement Neg Potential loss of farm labourer jobs on neighbouring farms affected by differential water flow Neg Potential tourist appeal Pos Impact on Gariep road users and neighbours Neg Increase in South Africa's power producing independence Pos Grievance Channel Continuation Pos 5 SEIA Report – Solafrica Parabolic Trough Power Plant 1 DETAILS OF THE SPECIALIST AND EXPERTISE TO COMPILE A SPECIALIST REPORT Kementhree (Kim) Moonsamy is a Social Specialist within RHDHV’s Transport and Planning Department, based in Durban, South Africa. She has a postgraduate degree in Anthropology, and has been a consultant in the social assessment field for over 18 years. Kim has wide-ranging experience in a variety of qualitative and quantitative research methods in the fields of social anthropology, human resources, business and social impact assessments in both South Africa and internationally.