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The Capital Beltway and Public-Private Partnerships

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The Capital Beltway and Public-Private Partnerships The Capital Beltway And Public-Private Partnerships Prepared for: The National Council for Public-Private Partnerships By: Matthew T. Brown Timothy P. Cronin Saurabh Lall Joseph R. Lataille Margaret Sacks December 2007 This "capstone" project was completed during the Fall 2007 semester in fulfillment of requirements for the Master of Public Policy and Master of Public Administration degrees at the Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration, The George Washington University, under the guidance of instructor Nancy Y. Augustine, PhD. Any reproductions of this product must be approved by the authors. ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY At the request of the National Council for Public Private Partnerships (NCPPP), a graduate level research team from The George Washington University Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration conducted a study to evaluate the approaches Virginia and Maryland are taking to add capacity to their respective portions of the Capital Beltway (I- 495). The research team used several methods to conduct the investigation, including reviewing applicable literature and interviewing over a dozen stakeholders, including past and current government leaders, transportation officials, legal experts, and various other stakeholders. To achieve the objectives of the report, the team developed the following research questions in consultation with NCPPP: 1. To what extent and how have Virginia and Fluor-Transurban satisfied NCPPP’s six criteria for a successful public-private partnership with their effort to add capacity to the Capital Beltway? What areas do they need to improve on, if any? 2. What are the key challenges and obstacles Maryland faces for building additional highway lanes on their portion of the Capital Beltway? 3. If Maryland decides to pursue widening the Capital Beltway, do the conditions exist for Maryland to use a public-private partnership to finance, build, maintain and operate the additional lanes? If not, what conditions need to exist for a public-private partnership to be a viable option in Maryland? Highway congestion is a major problem, especially in large metropolitan areas such as Washington, DC, and the enormous cost of implementing the necessary infrastructure improvements only exacerbate the problem further. Many state and local governments are unable to fund and complete in a timely manner their roadway and bridge projects. The growing gap between available funding and intensifying transportation demands requires alternative solutions for delivering new highway infrastructure and capacity. To confront the challenge, governments are increasingly straying from traditional methods of financing highway construction to somewhat controversial agreements with the private sector that involve toll collection, user fees, or the leasing of infrastructure. As part of the Interstate Highway System, the Capital Beltway (I-495) is the busiest corridor servicing commuters in the National Capital Region. Despite the various improvements implemented since opening to traffic in 1964, this major transportation route has exceeded capacity and is in need of significant upgrade and preservation. Given the extent of the demands and the existing financial constraints at all levels of government, it is likely that any sort of expansion to the Beltway will entail utilizing an innovative and efficient method of project delivery. iii Virginia and Maryland have been studying methods for improving mobility on the Beltway since the mid-1990s. Recently, Virginia partnered with Fluor-Transurban, Inc. to expand and preserve the existing highway and develop new High Occupancy Toll Lanes on a 14- mile segment of the Beltway. Under this partnership agreement, Virginia will retain ownership of the new lanes while Fluor-Transurban will design, build, maintain, operate, and finance the project over an 80-year concession period. For its part, Maryland has conducted extensive studies of its 42-miles of I-495 and is exploring similar lane management systems and the idea of partnering with the private sector. However, they continue to study the issue and have no firm plans for adding capacity to the Beltway. While both jurisdictions share responsibility for this 64-mile stretch of roadway, each faces unique challenges in adding capacity and coping with congestion. The research team decided it would be beneficial to examine the inter-workings of this agreement and predict its long-term success using NCPPP’s six criteria for a successful public-private partnership. Across the Potomac River, the team took an in-depth view of where Maryland stands on Beltway improvements and the challenges they face in building additional highway lanes. Since Maryland’s plans to improve its portion of the highway are still in development, the team examined whether or not the requisite conditions exist to duplicate Virginia’s PPP efforts. In the end, the research team uncovered thirteen key findings: Key Findings: Research Question #1 1. Virginia’s partnership with Fluor-Transurban satisfies NCPPP’s six criteria for a successful public-private partnership and we predict its success. 2. Since highway PPPs are still in their nascent stages of operation and no projects of this magnitude currently exist in Virginia, it is difficult to facilitate an equivalent comparison. Research Question #2 3. Maryland’s highest transportation priority is system preservation. 4. Given the limited financial resources for current projects, expanding the Capital Beltway is currently cost-prohibitive using traditional financing methods. 5. The potential environmental impacts of Beltway expansion and the resulting political opposition may create an contentious environmental approval process. 6. There is limited local support for expansion of the Capital Beltway in Maryland. 7. Montgomery County and Prince George’s County have other transportation priorities. 8. There is a lack of political consensus on how to move forward with expanding capacity on the Capital Beltway. iv Research Question #3 9. Maryland does not have adequate legislation to pursue public-private partnerships for highway projects. 10. Maryland does not currently have a political champion for highway related public-private partnerships. 11. Maryland’s TP3 Guidelines prohibit unsolicited proposals for highway projects. 12. Maryland already has a tolling authority (MDTA) to help finance highway projects. 13. Local opposition to tolling will likely prevent Maryland from pursuing a PPP agreement for the Capital Beltway. From these key findings emerged the following conclusions and recommendations: Conclusion 1: Virginia has an extensive history of successful public-private partnerships that has enabled them to be a leader in this innovative method of constructing and financing highway projects. Conclusion 2: Maryland does not have the support necessary to widen the Capital Beltway. Conclusion 3: Maryland is not well-suited to enter into a public-partnership for highway projects. Recommendation 1: NCPPP should continue its educational activities across all sectors to enhance knowledge of public-private partnerships and their applicability to transportation projects, specifically the expansion of the Capital Beltway in Maryland. Recommendation 2: NCPPP should continue its relationship with the Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration at The George Washington University as a means of furthering research into topics relating to the Beltway and PPPs. Topics recommended for future research include: • The politics of PPPs: Exploring the roles and positions of the executive and legislative branches in implementing PPP transportation projects • PPPs and the Maryland General Assembly • Issues and options pertaining to a comprehensive approach to regional congestion management (e.g. highway expansion, smart growth, transit options, etc.). v TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................ vii INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................1 Issue Summary and Importance....................................................................1 Purpose and Objectives................................................................................. 3 The National Council for Public Private Partnerships................................. 3 Report Overview............................................................................................ 4 RESEARCH METHODS AND CHALLENGES................................................... 5 Research Questions....................................................................................... 5 Research Design ........................................................................................... 6 Research Challenges ..................................................................................... 7 CONTEXTUAL FRAMEWORK............................................................................. 9 Public-Private Partnerships........................................................................... 9 Virginia Transportation Overview ...............................................................13 Maryland Transportation Overview.............................................................18
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