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The Sense of the Past in Saint Antoninus of Florence's Summa Historialis

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The Sense of the Past in Saint Antoninus of Florence's Summa Historialis Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 12-2002 The Sense of the Past in Saint Antoninus of Florence's Summa Historialis Brian Nathaniel Becker Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the European History Commons, and the Medieval History Commons Recommended Citation Becker, Brian Nathaniel, "The Sense of the Past in Saint Antoninus of Florence's Summa Historialis" (2002). Master's Theses. 648. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/648 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE SENSE OF THE PAST IN SAINT ANTONINUS OF FLORENCE’S SUMMA HISTORIALIS by Brian Nathaniel Becker A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts History Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan December 2002 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE SENSE OF THE PAST IN SAINT ANTONINUS OF FLORENCE’S SUMMA HISTORIALIS Brian Nathaniel Becker, M.A. Western Michigan University, 2002 This study examines Antoninus of Florence’sChronicles for the presence of a "sense of the past.” Through the careful examination of those sections of the Chronicles that are original to Antoninus and the utilization of important scholarly works on medieval and Renaissance Italian literature, it is shown that theChronicles is characteristic of both a history written in the traditional "medieval” style and the increasingly modem style of historical writing that was coming into vogue during the later part of his life in mid-fifteenth century Florence. By defining a "sense of history” as containing, and organizing the three body chapters according to, “awareness of evidence,” "interest in causation,” and "sense of anachronism,” the results of this examination show that theSunmia Historialis, although evincing an organization and style that might lead scholars to characterize it as fitting the traditional mode, nevertheless possesses some “sense of the past.” This offers a revision to those scholarly studies that were content to dismiss Antoninus’ work as being little more than a continuation of the traditional method of historical writing. Also, the thesis concludes that this ambivalence found in theSunmia Historialis was the result of the combination of the author’s monastic intellectual and spiritual training in the Dominican style and his involvement in the secular world in which he was forced to participate as the archbishop of Florence. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 1412966 Copyright 2002 by Becker, Brian Nathaniel All rights reserved. UMI* UMI Microform 1412966 Copyright 2003 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Copyright by Brian Nathaniel Becker 2002 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to begin by thanking Dr. James Palmitessa, who allowed me a great deal of freedom in extracting a thesis-worthy topic from a rather obscure source. Without his support, encouragement, and guidance, this project would not have been possible. I am also grateful to him for sharing with me his vast knowledge of the historical trends and issues not just of Italy, but of Europe as well. I would like to thank Dr. Larry Simon for imparting me with the skills necessary for the study of medieval history. His knowledge of medieval Italian and medieval Mediterranean history has been a valuable resource on which I was fortunate enough to draw as I worked on this study. In addition to this, his assistance and instruction at the Biblioteca Nazionale and the Archivio di Stato in Florence proved to be invaluable. I also wish to thank Dr. Rand Johnson for his attention to and assistance with my Latin study. He has gone above and beyond the call of duty time and again to aid me in my translation of Antoninus’Chronicles, tolerating my many questions and concerns along the way. Finally, I also owe tremendous thanks to my family and friends, who lent me constant support not only throughout the writing of this thesis, but throughout my entire degree program. Their encouragement has been invaluable, and without it this study would have been impossible. Brian Nathaniel Becker ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................................................................ ii INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. I CHAPTER I. AWARENESS OF EVIDENCE........................................................................ 20 II. INTEREST IN CAUSATION........................................................................... 42 III. SENSE OF ANACHRONISM........................................................................... 65 CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................. 78 BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................................................................................................. 84 iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INTRODUCTION In this thesis I study the historical thought contained in theSumma Historialis of Saint Antoninus of Florence.' TheSumma Historialis or Chronicles of Saint Antoninus is a world chronicle in twenty-four chapters, beginning with the creation of man and ending with the last years of his own life. (The vast majority of works on the Chronicles refer to these chapters as “titles,” so in accordance with these works. I will call them "titles” hereafter). Antoninus began work on theSumma Historialis sometime before he was named archbishop of Florence in 1446. At his death in 1459, he had not yet completed it/ In composing this work Antoninus drew on the histories of many writers, both preceding and contemporary to him, including Vincent of Beauvais, Giovanni di Colonna, Giovanni Villani, Giannozzo Manetti, Domenico Buoninsegni, Leonardo Bruni, and Poggio Bracciolini.3 Many modem scholars have dismissed Antoninus as being not a historian, but simply a “compiler” because he used so many other works as the basis of his own.4 These same historians go even ' Three sources will be used regarding theSumma Historialis-. Antoninus (Antonmo Pierozzi).Diui Antonini archiepiscopi Florentini. et doctoris s. theologiae praestantissimi Chronicorum opus: in tres partes diuisum, 3 vols, (London. 1586);Les Chroniques de Saint Antonin: Fragments Originaux du Titre XXII, ed. by Raoul Monjay (Paris. 1913); James Bernard Walker. O.P.. M.A. “The “Chronicles' of Saint Antoninus; A Study in Historiography.” Ph.D. dissertation. The Catholic University of America. (Washington. D.C., 1933.) : For a discussion on the dating of the whole work, including individual volumes, see Walker. Chronicles, 22-26; and Monday,Les Chroniques. VI-VII. n. 3. ' The sources used by Antoninus are discussed in Walker,Chronicles, 53-100; Monday. Les Chroniques; A. Schaube, “Die Quellen der Weltchronik des heil. Antonin. Erzbischofs von Florenz.” Programm 156 (1880); and William A. Hinnebusch. O.P,The History o f the Dominican Order. 2 vols. (New York; Alba House, 1973). 259-60. 4 The dismissal of Antoninus’Summa on these grounds is very common. Among those scholars who have put forward this idea are: Walker, Chronicles, 149-ff.; Hinnebusch, The History o f the Dominican Order, 260; and Wallace K. Ferguson,The
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