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Illustrations ILLUSTRATIONS Maps 1. Orissa 2 2. Ganjam District 3 Plates (following page 88) 1. Asureshvar. Danda Jatra. Devotee as Hanumana (1990) 2. Puri. Sahi Jatra. Risyasringa and four princes (1983) 3. Satrughna, Vaidehisa Vilasa (courtesy Jubel Library, Baripada, dated 1833). Tadakl and Rama 4. Satrughna, Vaidehisa Vilasa (Baripada, 1833). Rama hunts the magic deer (detail of Figure 93) 5. Satrughna, Vaidehisa Vilasa (Baripada, 1833). Slta in fire, kidnap of Maya Sita 6. Satrughna, Vaidehisa Vilasa (Baripada, 1833). Rainy season on Mount Malyavan 7. Satrughna, Vaidehisa Vilasa (Baripada, 1833). Battle scene 8. Satrughna, Vaidehisa Vilasa (Baripada, 1833). Ravana and his wives 9. Dispersed Lavanyavati (Jean and Francis Marshall Collection, San Francisco). Bharata's visit 10. Lavanyavati illustrated by Balabhadra Pathy (National Museum, New Delhi 80.1276). Rainy season on Mount Malyavan, f. 173 11. Buguda, Viranchi Narayana Temple, wall F. Laksmana straightening his arrow 12. Apprentice at work on Ramayana pata in Jagannath Mahapatra's house, Raghurajpur, 1982 (cf. Figure 289A) ix x • Illustrations Figures (Pages given for Figures 1-48, all in Chapter 1. Other figures follow page 194) Frontispiece Bisipada Ramalila. Magic deer (1983) 1. Round Lavanyavati (courtesy National Museum of Indian Art, New Delhi, no. 72-165/1). Performer begins, Risyasringa brings rain, f. 97r 8 2. Round Lavanyavati (NM 72-165/1). Risyasringa performs sacrifice for Dasaratha, f. 97v 8 3. Round Lavanyavati (NM 72-165/1). Distribution of porridge to queens, f. 97v 8 4. Round Lavanyavati (NM 72-165/1). Birth of Dasaratha's sons, f. 98r 9 5. Round Lavanyavati (NM 72-165/1). Visvamitra takes Rama and Laksmana, f. 98r 9 6. Round Lavanyavati (NM 72-165/1). Death of Tadaki, Visvamitra's sacrifice, f. 98v 9 7. Round Lavanyavati (NM 72-165/1). Rama fights the demons Subahu and Maricha, f. 98v 9 8. Round Lavanyavati (NM 72-165/1). Ahalya released from curse, Boatman washes Rama's feet, f. 99r 10 9. Round Lavanyavati (NM 72-165/1). Rama, at Janaka's court, bends Siva's bow, f. 99r 10 10. Round Lavanyavati (NM 72-165/1). Rama and Sita's marriage, f. 99v 10 11. Round Lavanyavati (NM 72-165/1). Meeting with Parasurama, Preparations for Rama's coronation, f. 99v 10 12. Round Lavanyavati (NM 72-165/1). Manthara, Dasaratha and Kaikeyl, f. lOOr 11 13. Round Lavanyavati (NM 72-165/1). Rama's exile, Chitrakuta Hill, f. lOOr 11 14. Round Lavanyavati (NM 72-165/1). Rama shoots the crow, f. lOOv 11 15. Round Lavanyavati (NM 72-165/1). Bharata's visit to Rama, The heroes confront the demon Viradha, f. lOOv 11 16. Round Lavanyavati (NM 72-165/1). The sage Atri and his wife, Anasuya, welcome the exiles, f. 10lr 12 17. Round Lavanyavati (NM 72-165/1). Surpanakha denosed, Her demon brothers, f. lOlr 12 18. Round Lavanyavati (NM 72-165/1). The demon Trisiras, Magic deer, f. lOlv 13 19. Round Lavanyavati (NM 72-165/1). Sita's kidnap, Jatayu's attack, f. lOlv 13 20. Round Lavanyavati (NM 72-165/1). Slta in Lanka, Rama returns to hut, f. 102r 13 21. Round Lavanyavati (NM 72-165/1). Rama swoons, meets Jatayu, f. 102r 13 22. Round Lavanyavati (NM 72-165/1). The demon Kabandha with Rama, Laksmana, f. 102v 14 23. Round Lavanyavati (NM 72-165/1). Rama and Sabari (tribal woman), Cowherds, f. 102v 14 Illustrations • xi 24. Round Lavanyavatl (NM 72-165/1). Rama meets ascetics, f. 103r 15 25. Round Lavanyavatl (NM 72-165/1). Rama meets Hanumana, Sugriva, f. 103r 15 26. Round Lavanyavatl (NM 72-165/1). Rama shoots through seven trees, Death ofValin, f. 103v 15 27. Round Lavanyavatl (NM 72-165/1). Rama on Mount Malyavan, f. 104r 16 28. Round Lavanyavatl (NM 72-165/1). Hanumana goes and returns, f. 104r 16 29. Round Lavanyavatl (NM 72-165/1). Building the bridge, Attack on Lanka, f. 104v 17 30. Round Lavanyavatl (NM 72-165/1). Garuda rescues Rama and Laksmana from serpent-arrows, f. 105r 17 31. Round Lavanyavatl (NM 72-165/1). Death of Kumbhakama, f. 105r 17 32. Round Lavanyavatl (NM 72-165/1). Laksmana wounded, f. 105v 18 33. Round Lavanyavatl (NM 72-165/1). Hanumana brings mountain, watched by Bharata, f. io5v 18 34. Round Lavanyavatl (NM 72-165/1). Death of Ravana, f. 106r 18 35. Round Lavanyavatl (NM 72-165/1). Sita's test, f. 106v 19 36. Round Lavanyavatl (NM 72-165/1). Coronation of Vibhlsana in Lanka, f. 106v 19 37. Round Lavanyavatl (NM 72-165/1). Return to Ayodhya, Coronation of Rama there, f. 107r 19 38. Round Lavanyavatl (NM 72-165/1). Lavanyavatl watches coronation of Rama, f. 107v 20 39. Round Lavanyavatl (NM 72-165/1). Lavanyavatl watches coronation of Rama, f. 108r 20 40. Round Lavanyavatl (NM 72-165/1). Lavanyavatl watches performance, f. 108v 21 41. Dasapalla Ramalila. Ravana and Puspaka Vimana (1990) 32 42. Amrapura. Ramalila masks and palm-leaf manuscripts in worship in Mahavir Temple 33 43. Dasapalla Ramalila. Sabaras dancing (1983) 35 44. Dasapalla Ramalila. Magic deer (1990) 36 45. Puri. Sahijatra. Mahiravana (1983) 37 46. Odasa. Ravana Chhaya shadow puppets of hunting the magic deer (1983) 40 47. Sonepur. Lanka Podi. Children with images at night (1985) 41 48. Sonepur. Lanka Podi. Hanumana image on rooftop after festival (1982) 42 49. A brahman reading from a palm-leaf manuscript (Parlakhemundi, 1981) 50. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (courtesy Orissa State Museum, dated 1875). Ahalya liberated, f. 8r 51. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (OSM, 1875). Magic deer, f. 42v 52. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (OSM, 1875). Hanumana in Lanka, f. 75v xii Illustrations 53. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (OSM, 1875). Hanumana bringing mountain, f. 91v 54. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (OSM, 1875). Ravana and Rama, f. 96v 55. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (OSM, 1875). Coronation of Rama, last three folios 56. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (courtesy New York Public Library, Spencer Collection, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations, dated 1891). Ahalya, f. 9r 57. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (NYPL, 1891). Bharata with Rama's footprints, f. 33r 58. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (NYPL, 1891). Surpanakha before Ravana, f. 41r 59. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (NYPL, 1891). Creation of Maya Sita, f. 42r 60. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (NYPL, 1891). Magic deer, f. 45r 61. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (NYPL, 1891). Seven trees, f. 52v 62. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (NYPL, 1891). Jagannatha Temple, f. 80v 63. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (NYPL, 1891). Siva shrine at Ramesvaram, f. 81r 64. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (NYPL, 1891). Building the bridge, f. 88v 65. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (NYPL, 1891). Ravana and Laksmana, f. 92v 66. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (NYPL, 1891). Hanumana and Kalanemi, f. 93v 67. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (NYPL, 1891). Sita's test, f. 107v 68. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (C. L. Bharany Collection, New Delhi, dated 1891). Magic deer, f. 64v 69. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (Bharany Col, 1891). Seven trees, f. 77r 70. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (Bharany Col., 1891). Indrajita, serpent-arrow, and Hanumana, f. 104v 71. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (Bharany Col, 1891). Building the bridge, f. 118v 72. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (courtesy Utkal University Library, dated 1902). Jagannatha, f. lOlv 73. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (UUL, 1902). Building the bridge, f. lllv 74. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Adhyatma Ramayana (UUL, 1902). Rama and Ravana, f. 130v 75. Adhyatma Ramayana, anon, (courtesy National Museum, New Delhi, no. 75.536). Bharata with Rama's footprints, f. 45r 76. Adhyatma Ramayana (NM 75.536). Magic deer, f. 50r Illustrations xiii 77. Adhyatma Ramayana (NM 75.536). Seven trees, f. 61r 78. Adhyatma Ramayana, anon. (C. L. Bharany Collection, New Delhi). Bharata with Rama's footprints, f. 52r 79. Adhyatma Ramayana (Bharany Col.). Three-headed deer as marginalia, f. 95r 80. Adhyatma Ramayana, Uttara Kanda, anon, (private collection, New Delhi). Rama and Kaladeva, f. 195r 81. Adhyatma Ramayana, Uttara Kanda (pc, ND). Visnu and Laksmi in Vaikuntha, f. 200r 82. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Durga Stuti (courtesy of L.D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad, dated 1899). Magic deer, f. 13r 83. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Durga Stuti (LDI, 1899). Indrajita, serpent-arrow, Rama and Laksmana, f. 16r 84. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Durga Stuti (LDI, 1899). Durga rescues Rama and Laksmana, f. 19r 85. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Hanumana Stuti (LDI, 1899). Hanumana carrying mountain, f. 24r 86. Sarathi Madala Patnaik, Hanumana Stuti (LDI, 1899). Hanumana before Ravana, f. 30v 87. RamaMa, anon, (courtesy National Museum, New Delhi, no. 75.556). Ravana fighting Navagunjara, f. 58r 88. Ramalila (NM 75.556). Laksmana meets Rama with body of magic deer, f. 59v' 89. Satrughna, Vaidehisa Vilasa (Jubel Library, Baripada, dated 1833). Risyasringa and courtesans 90. Satrughna, Vaidehisa Vilasa (Baripada, 1833). Boatman washes Rama's feet 91. Satrughna, Vaidehisa Vilasa (Baripada, 1833). Rama shoots the crow 92. Satrughna, Vaidehisa Vilasa (Baripada, 1833). Sita in fire, Maya Sita, Ravana as beggar (detail of Plate 5) 93. Satrughna, Vaidehisa Vilasa (Baripada, 1833). Rama and the magic deer 94. Satrughna, Vaidehisa Vilasa (Baripada, 1833). Rama, Laksmana, and the cowherds 95. Satrughna, Vaidehisa Vilasa (Baripada, 1833). Seven trees 96. Satrughna, Vaidehisa Vilasa (Baripada, 1833). Valin and Sugriva fight 97. Satrughna, Vaidehisa Vilasa (Baripada, 1833). Building the bridge 98. Satrughna, Vaidehisa Vilasa (Baripada, 1833). Battle 99. Satrughna, Vaidehisa Vilasa no. 2 (courtesy Museum Rietberg, Zurich, Gift of Alice Boner, RVI 1194). Ahalya liberated 100. Satrughna, Vaidehisa Vilasa no. 2 (private collection, New Delhi). Seven trees 101.
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