Hart is one of the larger open introduced early this century after the local meadowland areas on the west flank of the Merriam’s were hunted to extinction, have HART San Francisco Peaks, northwest of Flagstaff, had a serious impact on the ability of both the . In 1994, 245 acres of this high community and surrounding aspen mountain grassland and were donated to regenerate. Young saplings of both PRAIRIE to The Nature Conservancy by the Dick and are relished by elk and . AND Jean Wilson of Flagstaff. Since then, the Consequently, much of the stands of these THE MOUNTAIN AREA Conservancy has protected and restored the that you see are aging, without young globally rare Bebb willow wet meadow replacements. Ponderosa are • community, and the Conservancy and its encroaching on the open meadowlands, collaborators have researched the effects of outcompeting the wetland in the drier their conservation efforts on this important conditions created by the changes discussed CHECKLIST wildlife habitat. above. A number of human impacts have altered the The Nature Conservancy is actively The Nature Conservancy course of this landscape from its original experimenting with restoring natural • processes to the Preserve, and is cooperatively Coconino National trajectory over 100 years ago. The ponderosa Forest forests that surround the meadowlands working with the US Forest Service and the • were once far more open, with grassland and Arizona Department of Game & to effect Arizona an understory of of filling the open positive changes to the landscape. Fire has prairie between scattered large pines. Low been reintroduced to the prairie successfully, intensity grass fires would sweep through the and some of the encroaching ponderosas have area randomly on a two to fifteen year cycle, been removed. Stock tanks have also been killing young pine saplings but leaving the removed, and the original meandering stream thick-barked older trees intact. Livestock channels have been restored to help distribute grazing and active fire suppression have runoff from precipitation throughout the site, resulted in a far greater density of young and to recharge the groundwater. Elk and pines, reducing the overall health of the deer numbers are being reduced to more for several reasons. More nutrients natural levels, and in the meantime, fencing are locked in the biomass of the trees, fallen has been placed around some willow stands limbs, and needle litter, and are not recycled for protection of both mature trees and new back into soil nutrients as they naturally seedlings. Monitoring of rare and significant would be by fire. There is greater competition plant species, and of the hydrologic effects of for groundwater, and more evapo- restoration is ongoing, with special attention transpiration, reducing soil moisture from its being given to how the ecosystem responds to previous levels. The existing trees are thus management activities. weaker, and dense forests are more prone to catastrophic fires that kill everything in their Despite the issues The Nature Conservancy is paths, making regeneration much more trying to address on the Preserve, an This list identifies plants that have been observed on the Nature Conservancy’s difficult. incredible diversity of plant species exist and Homestead at Hart Prairie Preserve, and in the continue to delight visitors and researchers surrounding areas of the Coconino National who spend time here. The checklist that you Forrest. It is organized by currently accepted In addition, early settlers channelized the scientific names as given by the USDA Plant original meandering streambeds through the hold in your hands is a work in progress, and Database website. Former synonyms follow in prairie in order to bring water to their will continue to be updated as additional parentheses. Common names are according to the USDA database. This list is based on past cultivated fields, further reducing natural species are recorded. Please feel free to note observation by Arthur and Barbara Phillips, Bob percolation and soil retention of water needed any new plants that you may see and inform Wilson, Edward Smith, Andrew Peters, on by wetland plants such as the Bebb . the Conservancy staff or volunteers. herbarium research, and on recent field collection by Keri Stiverson, Max Licher, and Wendy This, along with excess herbivory (grazing by Hodgson as part of an ongoing PAPAZ (Plant wildlife), has had a detrimental effect on the Atlas Project for Arizona) project. Introduced, non-native species are marked with an asterisk*. health of the meadow ecosystem. High Sept. 2010 numbers of Rocky Mountain elk, which were TREES APOCYNACEAE DOGBANE FAMILY BORAGINACEAE BORAGE FAMILY ___ Apocynum androsaemifolium Spreading Dogbane ___ Cryptantha cinerea James’ Cryptantha ___ Cryptantha setosissima Bristly Cryptantha CUPRESSACEAE CYPRESS FAMILY ASCLEPIADACEAE MILKWEED FAMILY ___ Hackelia floribunda Manyflower Stickseed ___ Juniperus monosperma Oneseed Juniper ___ Asclepias speciosa Showy Milkweed ___ Lappula occidentalis Whitebristle Stickseed (L. redowski) PINE FAMILY SUNFLOWER FAMILY ___ Lithospermum cobrense Smooth Puccoon ___ Abies lasiocarpa Coarkbark ___ Western Yarrow ___ Lithospermum multiflorum Manyflower Puccoon ___ Abies concolor White Fir ___ Agoseris aurantica Orange Mtn. Dandelion ___ Macromeria viridiflora Giant Trumpets ___ Picea engelmannii Engelman Spruce ___ Agoseris glauca Pale Mountain Dandelion ___ Mertensia fransiscana Franciscan Bluebells ___ Pinus aristata ___ Ambrosia tomentosa Skeletonleaf Bursage ___ Plagiobothrys scouleri Sleeping Popcornflower ___ Pinus edulis Pinyon Pine (Franseria discolor) (Plagiobothrys cognatus) ___ Pinus strobiformis Southwestern White Pine ___ parvifolia Small- Pussytoes ___ Ponderosa Pine (Antennaria aprica) BRASSICACEAE MUSTARD FAMILY ___ Pseudotsuga menziesii ___ Antennaria rosulata Kaibab Pusytoes ___ Barbarea orthoceras American Wintercress ___ carruthii Carruth’s Sagewort ___ Capsellla bursa-pastoris* Shepherd’s Purse SALICACEAE WILLOW FAMILY ___ Artemisia dracunculus False Tarragon ___ Descurainia incana Mountain Tansymustard ___ Populus tremuloides Quaking Aspen ___ Artemisia ludoviciana Louisiana Sagewort (Descurainia richardsonii) ___ Salix bebbiana Bebb Willow ___ Bahia dissecta Ragleaf Bahia ___ Draba aurea Golden Draba ___ Salix scouleriana Scouler Willow ___ grandiflora Tassleflower Bricklebush ___ Lepidium sp. Pepperweed sp. ___ scariosum Meadow Thistle ___ Penellia longifolia (C. drummondii misapplied) (Thelypodium longifolium) ___ Cirsium vulgare* Bull Thistle ___ Rorippa sphaerocarpa Roundfruit Yellowcress SHRUBS ___ Cirsium wheeleri Wheeler’s Thistle ___ Schoenocrambe linearifolia Slimleaf Plainsmustard ___ divergens Spreading Fleabane (Thelypodiopsis linearifolia) ASTERACEAE SUNFLOWER FAMILY ___ Erigeron flagellaris Trailing Fleabane ___ Thlaspi montanum Fendler’s Pennycress ___ Brickellia californica Brickelbush ___ Beautiful Fleabane (T. fendleri) ___ Ericameria nauseosa Rubber Rabbitbrush ___ Erigeron neomexicanus New Fleabane (Chrysothamnus nauseosus) ___ Erigeron speciosus v. macranthrus Aspen Fleabane CALLITRICHACEAE WATER STARWORT FAMILY (E. macranthrus) ___ Callitriche sp. Water Starwort BERBERIDACEAE BARBERRY FAMILY ___ exilifolium Slender Cudweed ___ Berberis repens Creeping Barberry (G. grayi) CAMPANULACEAE BELLFLOWER FAMILY ___ Helianthella quinquenervis Fivenerve Helianthella ___ Campanula parryi Parry’s Bellflower FAMILY ___ multiflora Showy Goldeneye ___ nigra ssp. canadensis Blue Elderberry (Viguiera multiflora) CAPRIFOLIACEAE HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY (S. glauca) ___ Hieracium fendleri Yellow Hawkweed ___ Lonicera arizonica Arizona Honeysuckle ___ Sambucus racemosa Red Elderberry ___ Hymenopappus mexicanus Mexican Wollywhite ___ Lonicera involucrata Twinberry Honeysuckle ___ hoopseii Western Sneezeweed CUPRESSACEAE CYPRESS FAMILY (Helenium hoopseii, Dugaldia hoopseii) CARYOPHYLLACEAE PINK FAMILY ___ Juniperus communis Common Juniper ___ Hymenoxys richardsonii Rubberweed ___ Arenaria fendleri Fendler’s Sandwort ___ serriola* Prickly ___ Arenaria lanuginosa Spreading Sandwort GROSSULARIACEAE GOOSEBERRY FAMILY ___ Leucanthemum vulgare* Oxeye Daisy ___ Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare* Common Chickweed ___ Ribes cereum Wax Currant ___ Machaeranthera canescens Hoary (C. vulgatum*) (R. inebrians) (Aster canescens & A. tephrodes) ___ Silene scouleri Scouler’s Catchfly ___ Ribes pinetorum Orange Gooseberry ___ Oreochrysum parryi Parry’s Goldenrod ( parryi, parryi) CHENOPODIACEAE GOOSEFOOT FAMILY BUCKTHORN FAMILY ___ Pericome caudata Taperleaf ___ Chenopodium album* Lamb’s Quarters ___ fendleri Fendler’s Ceanothus ___ Pseudognaphalium macounii Macoun’s Cudweed ___ Chenopodium capitatum Strawberry Blight (Gnaphalium macounii) ___ Chenopodium fremontii Fremont’s Goosefoot ROSE FAMILY ___ Pyrrocoma crocea Orange Skyflower ____ Chenopodium graveolens Fetid Goosefoot ___ Amelanchier alnifolia Saskatoon Serviceberry (Haplopappus croceus) ___ Chenopodium sp. Narrowleaf Goosefoot ___ Dasiphora floribunda Bush Cinquefoil ___ Rudbeckia laciniata Cutleaf Coneflower (C. pretericola complex) (Potentilla fruticosa) ___ Senecio bigelovii Nodding Groundsel ___ Salsola * (S. kali) Russian Thistle ___ Rosa woodsii v. arizonica Arizona Rose ___ Senecio eremophilus MacDougal’s Groundsel (R. arizonica) (S. macdougalii) CLEOMACEAE CAPER FAMILY ___ Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus American Red Raspberry ___ Senecio spartioides Broom Groundsel ___ Cleome serrulata Rocky Mountain Beeplant (R. strigosus) ___ Solidago nana Small Goldenrod ___ Solidago velutina Threenerve Goldenrod ST. JOHN’S WORT FAMILY (S. sparsiflora) ___ Hypericum scouleri Scouler’s St. John’s Wort ___ falcatum v. commutatum (H. formosum) (Aster commutatus) White Prairie Daisy HERBACEOUS PLANTS ___ Symphyotrichum foliaceum Leafybract Aster CONVOLVULACEAE MORNING GLORY FAMILY (Aster foliaceus) ___ Convolvulus arvensis* Field Bindweed FAMILY ___ Taraxacum laevigatum* Redseed Dandelion ___ depauperata Bluntseed Sweetroot ___ * Common Dandelion EUPHORBIACEAE SPURGE FAMILY ___ Parish Yampah ___ Townsendia exscapa Stemless Easter Daisy ___ Chamaesyce serpyllifolia Thymeleaf Sandmat ___ Pseudocymopterus montanus Mountain Parsley ___ Tragopogon dubius* Goatsbeard (Euphorbia serpyllifolia) ___ Euphorbia brachycera Horned Spurge ___ Echeandia flavescens Torrey’s Craglily PORTULACACEAE PURSLANE FAMILY (E. lurida) (Anthericum torreyi) ___ Montia chamissoi Water Miner’s Lettuce ___ Euphorbia incisa Mojave Spurge ___ Maianthemum racemosum False Solomon’s Seal (Smilicina racemosa) PRIMULACEAE PRIMROSE FAMILY FABACEAE LEGUME FAMILY ___ Maianthemum stellatum Starry Solomon’s Seal ___ Androsace septentrionalis Rockjasmine ___ Astragalus hallii Hall’s Milkvetch (Smilicina stellata) ___ Astragalus humistratus Groundcover Milkvetch BUTTERCUP FAMILY ___ Astragalus rusbyi Rusby’s Milkvetch FLAX FAMILY ___ columbianum Columbian Monkshood ___ Lathryus graminifolius Grassleaf Pea ___ aristatum Bristle Flax ___ Actea rubra Red Baneberry ___ Lathryus lanswertii v. leucanthus Arizona Pea ___ Linum lewisii Blue Flax (A. arguta) (L. arizonicus & L. leucanthus) ___ cylindrica Candle Anemone ___ Lotus wrightii Wright’s Lotus LOASACEAE LOASA FAMILY ___ chrysantha Yellow Columbine ___ Silvery Lupine ___ Mentzelia rusbyi Rusby’s Blazingstar ___ geraniifolium Clark Valley Larkspur ___ Lupinis hillii Hill’s Lupine (Mentzelia nuda var. rusbyi) ___ Ranunculus cardiophyllus Heartleaf Buttercup ___ Lupinus kingii King’s Lupine ___ Ranunculus inamoenus Graceful Buttercup ___ Medicago lupulina* Black Medic MALVACEAE MALLOW FAMILY ___ Ranunculus trichophyllus Threadleaf Buttercup ___ Melilotus alba* White Sweet Clover ___ Malva neglecta* Common Mallow (Ranunculus aquaticus, in part) ___ Melilotus indicus* Sour Clover ___ Sidalcea neomexicana N. Mex. Checker Mallow ___ Thalictrum fendleri Fendler’s Meadowrue ___ Melilotus officinalis* Yellow Sweet Clover ___ Oxytropis lambertii Lambert’s Locoweed MONOTROPACEAE INDIAN PIPE FAMILY ROSACEAE ROSE FAMILY ___ Thermopsis Golden Pea ___ hypopithys Pinesap ___ Fragaria virginiana Virginia Strawberry (T. pinetorum) ___ Pterospora andromeda Woodland Pinedrops (F. ovalis) ___ Trifolium longipes Longstalk Clover ___ Geum triflorum Old Man’s Whiskers (T. rusbyi) NYCTAGINACEAE FOUR O’CLOCK FAMILY ___ Potentilla gracilis Slender Cinquefoil ___ Trifolium wormskioldii Cows Clover ___ Mirabilis decipiens Broadleaf Four O’Clock ___ Wooly Cinquefoil (T. fendleri) (Mirabilis linearis v. decipiens) ___ Potentilla norvegica Norwegian Cinquefoil ___ Vicia americana American Vetch ONAGRACEAE EVENING-PRIMROSE FAMILY MADDER FAMILY FUMARIACEAE FUMITORY FAMILY ___ Epilobium ciliatum Fringed Willowherb ___ Galium sp. Bedstraw sp. ___ aurea Golden Corydalis (E. adenocaulon) ___ Houstonia wrightii Pygmy Bluets ___ Oenothera caespitosa Tufted Evening Primrose (Hedyotis pygmaea) GENTIANACEAE GENTIAN FAMILY ___ Oenothera coronopifolia Crownleaf Evening Prim. ___ galioides Milk Kelloggia ___ speciosa Ears ___ Oenothera elata Hookers Evening Primrose (Swertia radiata) (Oenothera hookeri) SAXIFRAGACEAE SAXIFRAGE FAMILY ___ Gentiana rusbyi Pleated Gentian ___ Oenothera flava ssp. flava Yellow Evening Primrose ___ Saxifraga rhomboidea Diamondleaf Saxifrage (Gentiana affinis) ___ Oenothera laciniata Cutleaf Evening Primrose ___ Gentianella amarella Autumn Dwarf Gentian SCROPHULARIACEAE FIGWORT FAMILY (Gentiana heterosepala) ORCHIDACEAE ORCHID FAMILY ___ Besseya arizonica Arizona Kittentails ___ maculata Spotted Coralroot ___ Castilleja linariifolia Indian Ptbrush. FAMILY ___ Goodyera oblongifolia Rattlesnake Plantain ___ Castilleja miniata Giant Red Indian Ptbrush. ___ Erodium cicutarium* Filaree (C. confusa) ___ Geranium caespitosum Pineywoods Geranium OXALIDACEAE WOODSORREL FAMILY ___ Limosella aquatica Water Mudwort ___ Geranium richardsonii Richardson’s Geranium ___ Oxalis decaphylla (O. grayi) Tenleaf Woodsorrel ___ Linaria dalmatica* Dalmatian Toadflax ___ Mimulus guttatus Common Monkeyflower FROG’S BIT FAMILY PLANTAGINACEAE PLANTAIN FAMILY ___ Orthocarpus luteus Yellow Owl’s-Clover ___ Elodea bifoliata Twoleaf Waterweed ___ Plantago major* Common Plantain ___ Penstemon barbatus Beardlip Penstemon ___ Penstemon virgatus Wandbloom Penstemon HYDROPHYLLACEAE WATERLEAF FAMILY POLEMONIACEAE PHLOX FAMILY ___ Verbascum thapsis* Common Mullein ___ Phacelia heterophylla Varileaf Phacelia ___ Collomia linearis Tiny Trumpet ___ Veronica peregrina Necklace Weed ___ Ipomopsis aggregata Scarlet Gilia IRIDACEAE IRIS FAMILY (Gilia aggregata) SOLANACEAE NIGHTSHADE FAMILY ___ Iris missouriensis Rocky Mountain Iris ___ Ipomopsis tenuituba Slendetube Skyrocket ___ Nicotiana attenuata Coyote Tobacco ___ Sisyrinchium demissum Blue-Eyed Grass ___ Navarretia intertexta Near Navarretia ___ Solanum triflorum Cutleaf Nightshade (Navarretia propinqua) LAMIACEAE MINT FAMILY VALERIANACEAE VALERIAN FAMILY ___ Agastache pallidiflora Pale Giant Hyssop POLYGONACEAE BUCKWHEAT FAMILY ___ acutiloba Sharpleaf Valerian ___ Dracocephalum parviflorum Dragonhead ___ Eriogonum racemosum Redroot Buckwheat ___ Valeriana edulis Tobacco (Moldavica parviflora) ___ Polygonum aviculare* Prostrate Knotweed ___ Mentha arvensis Field Mint ___ Polygonum bistortoides American Bistort VERBENACEAE VERVAIN FAMILY ___ Monarda fistulosa v. menthaefolia Wild Bergamot ___ Polygonum douglasii ssp. johnstonii ___ Verbena macdougalii MacDougal’s Verbena (M. menthaefolia) (P. sawachense) Johnston’s Knotweed ___ Monardella glauca Coyote Mint ___ Polygonum pensylvanicum Pennsylvania Smartweed VIOLACEAE VIOLET FAMILY (Monardella odoratissima var. glauca) ___ Rumex acetosella* Sheep Sorrel ___ Viola canadensis Violet ___ Rumex crispus* Curly Dock ___ Viola nephrophylla Northern Violet LILIACEAE LILY FAMILY ___ Rumex sp. Denseflowered Dock ___ Allium geyeri Geyer’s (densiforus/orthoneurus complex) ___ Calochortus ambiguus Doubting Mariposa Lily ___ Rumex salicifolius v. mexicanus Mexican Dock PARASITES ___ Calamagrostis stricta Northern Reedgrass Notes: ___ Dactylis glomerata* Orchard Grass ___ Deschampsia caespitosa Tufted Hairgrass MISTLETOE FAMILY ___ Elymus elymoides Squirreltail ___ douglasii Douglas Fir ___ (Sitanion hystrix, S. longifolium) DwarfMistletoe ___ Elymus trachycaulis Slender Wheatgrass ___ Arceuthobium microcarpum Spruce Dwarf Mistletoe (Agropyron trachycaulum) (A. campylopodium) ___ arizonica Arizona Fescue ___ Arceuthobium vaginatum Pineland Dwarf Mistletoe ___ Festuca calligera Southwest Fescue ___ Festuca ovina Sheep Fescue ___ Glyceria borealis Northern Mannagrass AND THEIR RELATIVES ___ Hordeum brachyantherum Meadow Barley ___ Hordeum jubatum Foxtail Barley DENNSTAEDTIACEAE BRACKEN FAMILY ___ Prairie Junegrass ___ Pteridium aquilinum Bracken (K. cristata, K. pyrimidata) ___ perene* Perennial Ryegrass DRYOPTERIDACEAE WOOD FERN FAMILY ___ minutissima Annual Muhly ___ neomexicana Cliff Fern ___ Mountain Muhly ___ Muhlenbergia rigens Deergrass EQUISETACEAE HORSETAIL FAMILY ___ Muhlenbergia wrightii Spike Muhly ___ Equisetum laevigatum Smooth Scouringrush ___ Pascopyrum smithii Western Wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii) ___ Phleum pratense* Common Timmothy ___ annua* Annual Bluegrass GRASSES AND THEIR RELATIVES ___ Poa compressa* Canada Bluegrass ___ Poa fendleriana Muttongrass SEDGE FAMILY ___ Poa nemoralis ssp. interior Inland Bluegrass ___ athrostachya Slenderbeak Sedge (Poa interior) ___ Carex nebrascensis Sedge ___ Poa palustris* Fowl Bluegrass ___ Carex occidentalis Western Sedge ___ Poa pratensis* Kentucky Bluegrass ___ Carex oreocharis Grassyslope Sedge ___ Schedonorus pratensis* Meadow Fescue ___ Carex pellita Wooly Sedge (Festuca pratensis, Lolium pratense) (Carex lanuginosa) ___ Thinopyrum intermedium* Intermediate Wheatgrass ___ Carex petaseta Liddon Sedge (Agropyron intermedium) ___ Carex rossii Ross’ Sedge ___ Carex siccata Dryspike Sedge ___ Carex subfusca Brown Sedge ___ acicularis Needle Spikerush ___ Eleocharis palustris Common Spikerush (Eleocharis macrostachya) ___ Eleocharis quinqueflora Fewflower Spikerush (Eleocharis pauciflora)

JUNCACEAE RUSH FAMILY ___ Juncus balticus Baltic Rush ___ Juncus bufonius Toad Rush ___ Juncus confusus Colorado Rush ___ Juncus ensifolius Irisleaf Rush (J. saximontanus) ___ Juncus longistylis Longstyle Rush ___ Juncus nevadensis Rush

POACEAE GRASS FAMILY ___ Agropyron cristatum* Crested Wheatgrass ___ Agrostis scabra Rough Bentgrass ___ carolinianus Carolina Foxtail ___ Alopecurus geniculatus Water Foxtail ___ Alopecurus pratensis* Meadow Foxtail ___ Blepharoneuron tricholepis Pine Dropseed ___ Blue Gramma ___ Bromus ciliatus v. richardsonii Fringed Brome (Bromus richardsonii) ___ Bromus inermis* Smooth Brome ___ Bromus lanatipes Woolly Brome ___ Bromus marginatus Mountain Brome ___ Bromus porteri Nodding Brome (B. anomalus, misapplied)