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Parliamentary Library & Information Service Department of Parliamentary Services Heritage Note Parliament of Victoria No. 3, November 2016 The 1956 Olympic Games in Melbourne When Melbourne was announced as the host city of the 1956 Olympic Games at a meeting of the International Olympic Committee in Rome in 1949, it made the Australian delegation ‘the happiest men in the world’.1 They had reason to celebrate — it was to be the first Olympic Games held in the southern hemisphere.2 The fact that the 1956 Olympic Games were ultimately successful was all the more remarkable given the organisational difficulties of the intervening years.3 The official history of the Games, published by the Organising Committee in 1958, deftly avoided any mention of the long-running disputes that began immediately after the 1949 announcement, commenting only that ‘the rest of the story … is one of little more than local interest’.4 The ‘local interest’ included three separate bids to have the Games staged at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, before agreement was finally reached on that location in 1953, and three occasions on which International Olympic Committee officials threatened to take the Games away from Melbourne. The spark and Melbourne’s bid Melbourne’s Olympic bid, using his business contacts and flair for publicity to good advantage.10 Edgar Tanner is credited with having the original The Australian Olympic Federation (AOF) endorsed inspiration for staging the Olympic Games in 5 Melbourne’s bid and Mr Tanner was appointed Melbourne. Mr Tanner’s early career was in 11 advertising but he was also a keen amateur boxer secretary-treasurer of the AOF in 1947. In June and sports administrator who served in the 1947, Cr. Connelly said that he would submit an Australian Imperial Force during the Second World application for the 1956 Olympic Games to be held War.6 He was later a Member of the Victorian in Melbourne, with the intention to ‘get in nice and Parliament for over 20 years from 1955, first as the early’ and he did so in January 1948 (the same month in which he was knighted).12 A cablegram Member for Ripponlea, then Caulfield. Mr Tanner from the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in convened the first meeting of the Victorian Switzerland acknowledged receipt of Melbourne’s Olympic Council (VOC) after the war, in June 1946, application for the Games in early March 1948.13 which resolved to apply for the Games to be held in Melbourne.7 He sought procedural advice and The Invitation Committee — which included the went about gathering support, with the backing of Governor, Sir Winston Dugan, Premier Thomas VOC chairman, Bill Uren. The incumbent Lord Hollway, Sir Frank Beaurepaire and Sir Raymond Mayor of Melbourne, Cr. Raymond Connelly, and a Connelly — prepared a handsome photographic previous Lord Mayor, Sir Frank Beaurepaire, publicity book in April 1948 that showcased proved to be powerful allies.8 Melbourne’s assets.14 The publication was distributed overseas to IOC members and to local Sir Frank Beaurepaire (MLC for Monash from 1942 financial sponsors of the project.15 Mr Tanner to 1952) had been a champion swimmer and was a managed the Australian Olympic Team at the 1948 veteran of three Olympics.9 He turned his considerable energies towards the pursuit of London Olympics and, along with Sir Frank Beaurepaire, Sir Raymond Connelly and Sir Harold Heritage Notes are produced by the Parliamentary Library & Information Service, Department of Parliamentary Services. They are designed to provide an overview of heritage issues of relevance to the Parliament of Victoria, and are current as at the date of publication. Some hyperlinks may only be accessible on the Parliament of Victoria's intranet. All links were available and current at the time of publication. Parliamentary Library & Information Service Luxton, attended the 1948 Games in order to meet the Australian Olympic Federation to control the and lobby IOC delegates.16 Sir Harold Luxton was Olympics if Melbourne was successful.26 Melbourne’s own IOC delegate who had been a In his tireless lobbying efforts, Sir Raymond Melbourne City councillor from 1919 to 1943, Connelly had emphasised four key points which including several years as Lord Mayor, and he had were picked up by the Invitation Committee: the also been a Member of Parliament.17 Games had never been held in a British Dominion or in the southern hemisphere; Australia was one of only four nations that had competed in every Olympics; some European nations were closer to Australia than to parts of the United States; and 1956 would be a great year in Melbourne because it coincided with the Victorian Parliament’s centenary of responsible government.27 Australia’s delegation to Rome for the decision on the Games was headed by Melbourne’s Lord Mayor, Cr. James Disney, accompanied by Sir Frank Beaurepaire, AOF chairman Harold Alderson and Victoria’s Entrance to the proposed Olympic Arena, Melbourne Agent-General, Sir Norman Martin.28 They were Invitation Committee, 1948. (Image: Heritage Collection, introduced to the IOF members by Sir Harold Victorian Parliamentary Library) Luxton.29 The Invitation Committee members had to sustain and intensify their lobbying efforts as the IOC postponed the decision on the 1956 Olympics until the IOC meeting in Rome the following year.18 In the interim, the State Government formed a sub- committee in August 1948 to assist the Invitation Committee, which included Premier Hollway, Deputy Premier, John McDonald, and the Minister for Transport, Wilfred Kent Hughes.19 A second promotional book about Melbourne was also approved.20 Mr Tanner was confident of success, saying on his return to Australia that if Melbourne missed out on the 1956 Games ‘then it will be her own fault’.21 Sir Sir Frank Beaurepaire. Photographer: Edwin G. Adamson Frank Beaurepaire said that Melbourne’s bid had (Image: National Library of Australia) made a favourable impression on the IOC and that Melbourne’s successful bid is announced he believed the Olympics had the potential to On 29 April 1949, at the IOC meeting in Rome, ‘advance the progress of Melbourne in many Melbourne was chosen to host the 1956 XVI 22 avenues by 20 years’. Olympiad on the fourth ballot, beating Buenos On 17 December 1948, Premier Hollway told the Aires, Argentina, by a single vote. Six United States Invitation Committee meeting at the Melbourne cities and Mexico had also been in the running but, Town Hall that the Royal Agricultural Showgrounds as the Los Angeles Examiner reported, the at Flemington would be the main venue if Australian delegates ‘really put on a show’.30 The Melbourne secured the 1956 Olympic Games.23 Victorian Government had produced a flattering The plan was endorsed by the new Lord Mayor, Cr. 13-minute colour film about Melbourne which was James Disney (as chair of the Committee) and the shown to the IOC members.31 Another important Royal Agricultural Society (which hoped to restart factor was the assurance given by the Australian its stalled program of expansion and Prime Minister, Ben Chifley, that Melbourne’s bid improvements on the Flemington site).24 The had financial support.32 On the day the good news announcement caused some consternation as it was received, Sir Raymond Connelly pressed a was claimed that neither the Victorian Amateur switch to light a symbolic Olympic torch at the Athletics Association nor the VOC had been Melbourne Town Hall. Unfortunately he died consulted before the decision was made.25 Soon suddenly a few days later, ‘almost in the hour of afterwards, the VOC decided to assert the rights of triumph’.33 2 Parliamentary Library & Information Service Reorganisation and site selection requirements — to regrade the ground to The years following the decision to award eliminate a fall of over seven feet from east to west — and that the State Government guaranteed Melbourne the 1956 Olympic Games were marked 46 by protracted disputes, principally over the financial support for the improvements. The MCG selection of the site for the main stadium.34 Trustees, chaired by Sir Harry Lawson (a former Amateur sporting bodies and business interests Member of State Parliament), consulted with battled over the stadium and other issues for so experts and with their sub-tenants, including the Victorian Cricket Association and the Victorian long that Melbourne almost lost the right to stage Football League, but the Trustees decided against the Games three times.35 Seven sites were in making the ground available.47 contention at various stages: the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), the Showgrounds, Carlton Alternative venues and other issues Cricket Ground (Princes Park), Olympic Park, Albert Mr Kent Hughes, the ‘champion’ of the amateur Park, the St Kilda Cricket Ground and the sports sporting bodies on Olympic issues, defeated Sir oval at the University of Melbourne.36 From the Frank Beaurepaire in a ballot for president of the time the Games were awarded to Melbourne, it Victorian Olympic Council in June 1950.48 Sir Frank would be four difficult years before the MCG was Beaurepaire’s defeat in the VOC ballot did not finally chosen as the main venue in 1953.37 affect his role as chairman of the Organising Trouble began immediately after AOF secretary, Committee and he remained a strong advocate for Mr Tanner, challenged the right of the State the Showgrounds site.49 In mid-October 1950, The Government to select the main site and suggested Argus newspaper reported that the Committee still that the Showgrounds might not