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A Simplified Key to Common Genera of Terrestrial Earthworms

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A Simplified Key to Common Genera of Terrestrial Earthworms A simplified key to common genera of terrestrial earthworms I. Clitellum commencing in front of the 15th segment (not found in the British Isles) 2 - Clitellum commencing after the 15th segment 4 (LUMBRI CIDAE) 2. Setal arrangement perichaetine (Fig. 2) Pheretima (MEGASCo­ LECIDAE) - Setal arrangement lumbricine 3 3. Male pores on segment 17 or in 17/18 Spermathecae posterior to segment 10 Eudrilius (EUDRI­ LIDAE) Male pores on segment 18 Spermathecae anterior to segment 10 Diplocardia (ACANTHo­ DRILIDAE) Male pores on segment 19 (semi-aquatic) Spargano­ philus (SPARGANo­ PHILIDAE) 4. Prostomium tanylobous (Fig. I), setae closely paired (Fig. 2) at least over part of the body Lumbricus - Prostomium epilobous (Fig. I), or iftanylobous, setae widely paired or distant over the whole body 5 246 BIOLOGY OF EARTHWORMS 5. Clitellum ends after segment 28 6 - Clitellum ends before segment 28, body section quadrangular Eiseniella 6. Tubercula pubertatis absent, or exceptionally, present as simple thickenings of the edges of the c1itellum Bimastos - Tubercula pubertatis present as ridges or isolated papillae (Plate 5b) 7 7. Setae widely-paired or distant, at least posteriorly 8 - Setae closely-paired throughout the length of the body 9 8. Setae widely paired or distant throughout the length of the body, tubercula pubertatis as ridges (excep­ tionally as separate tubercles) extending over only part of the length of the c1itellum Dendrobaena Setae closely-paired anteriorly (in region of the hearts), distant posteriorly. Tubercula pubertatis as ridges as long or'longer than the c1itellum Octo/asion 9. Spermathecal pores (Fig. 3) in line WIth seta 'd' or more often near the mid-dorsal line. Body trapezoidal in cross-section. Eisenia and Eisenoides Spermathecal pores situated laterally between setae 'c' and 'd' or 'a' and 'b' and 'c' and 'd'. Body not trapezoidal in cross-section 10 10. Prostomium with longitudinal ridges Eophila - Prostomium without longitudinal ridges II I I. Calciferous glands with two lateral pouches in seg­ ment. Terrestrial Allolobo­ phora Calciferous glands without lateral pouches. Am- phibious Helodrilus 'Note. Both Sparganophilus and Helodrilus species live in mud bordering streams, rivers and lakes, which should provide confirmation of identi­ fication if the key does not provide sufficient data.' Simple key to species of terrestrial earthworms 'The first part of the following key describes species belonging to families other than the Lumbricidae. The great majority of the repre­ sentatives of these families are to be found as indigenous and peregrine species throughout tropical and subtropical parts of Africa, South America and Asia. However, certain members of these families are to SIMPLIFIED KEY TO COMMON GENERA 247 be found in Europe, and particularly )J"orth America, usually as pere­ grine species (but occasionally indigenous, such as Diplocardia spp.). The commoner species found in North America are listed.' MEGASCOLECIDAE Genus Pheretima One pair of spermathecal pores in S/6. 1st dorsal pore in Pheretima 11/12-13/14. Clitellum on 14-16. 20-S6 mm. 8S-97 segs. Colour mlntma unpigmented, white. (Horst) Two pairs of spermathecal pores in segmental grooves 7/8 and P. calt/ornica 8/9. 1st dorsal pore rr/I2. 70-170 mm. IO-ISO segs. Reddish­ (Kinberg) brown, clitellum creamy to dark grey. Two pairs of spermathecal pores (small) in S/6, 6/7. 1st dorsal P. momsi pore in 10/1 I. Clitellum on segments 14-16, often not fully (Beddard) cover.ing segments 14 and 16.40-150 mm. 75-102 segs. Colour (usually dorsal only) yellow, brownish, brownish-red, grey. Three pairs of spermathecal pores (small) in 5/6-7/8. 1st dorsal P. hawayana pore in 10/11. Clitellum on !I4-!I6. 25-175 mm. 75-95 segs. (Rosa) Colour greyish-brown with violet irridescence, reddish-brown, yellow. Three pairs of spermathecal pores on the anterior edges of P. hupienm segments 7, 8 and 9. 150-220 mm. Light green/greenish buff (Michaelsen) with purple green dorsal line, clitellum milky or chocolate, pale grey ventrally. Four pairs of spermathecal pores (small) in 5/6-8/9. 1st dorsal P. rodericencis pore in rr/I2 or I2/13. Clitellum on 14-16 not quite reaching (Grube) 16/17.45-145 mm. 80--100 segs. Colour reddish-brown, greyish, very dark brown to black, sometimes bluish at mid-dorsal line. Four pairs of spermathecal pores (minute) in segmental grooves P. dtffrmgens 5/6-8/9. 1st dorsal pore usually in I I/I2. 49-95 mm. 80-1 IS segs. (Baird) Clitellum on 14-16. Colour, dorsal surface only (except for first few segments), reddish purple, reddish brown, yellowish-brown, chocolate, greyish. ACANTHODRILIDAE Genus Dlplocardw I. Clitellum forms a complete ring around the body. 40--120 DiplocardIa mm. 90-120 segs. Anterior dorsal surface pale flesh coloured. singulctris (Ude) Clitcllum not a complete ring, but saddle-shaped. 2. Three pairs of spermathecal pores in segmental grooves 6/7, D. communis 7/8 and 8/9. 180-300 mm. I25-160 segs. Anterior dorsal surface (Garman) pale flesh coloured. Two pairs of spermathecal pores in segmental grooves 7/8 and D. riparza 8/9. 200-270 mm. 135-160 segs. Aflterior dorsal surface dark (Smith) brown. 248 BIOLOGY OF EARTHWORMS EUDRILIDAE Dorsal pores lacking. Intersegmental furrows visible on c1itel- Eudri/us lum. 90-185 mm. 140-21 I segs. Colour, dorsal surface only, red. eugeniae (Kinberg) SP ARGANOPHILIDAE Dorsal pores lacking. Prostomium zygolobous (Fig. I). Anus Spargano- dorsal. phi/us eiseni (Smith) The species of the Family Lumbricidae tabulated here are those which are found most commonly in Britain, North America and in Europe. Amongst these species will be found those that have been trans­ ported to various other parts of the world. British and American species are indicated. Although misidentification may arise on the basis of the characters in the first three columns if species not in the key are found, reference to the additional descriptions given in the fourth column should usually be sufficient to avoid confusion. LUMBRICIDAE Genus Lumbricus Tubercula [st dorsal Clitellum pubertatis pore 26,27-32 28-3 1 7/8 Red/brown or red/violet, Lumbricus irridescent dorsally, pale rubellus·t yellow ventrally. 25-105 Hoffmeister mm. 95-120 segs. 28-33 6/7 Chestnut to violet brown; L. cas­ brown/yellow ventrally, taneus. t irridescent, c1itellum (Savigny) orange. 30-70 mm. 82- 100 segs. 31, 32-37 7/8 Setae widely-paired both L. terres­ ends of the body, strongly (ris. t pigmented, brown-red Linnaeus dorsally, yellowish ven­ trally. 90-300 mm. 110- 160 segs. .t 5/6 Red-brown, lighter ven­ L. festivus trally, irridescent dor­ (Savigny) sally, prominent c1itel­ lum. Not found in large numbers. 48-108 mm. 100-143 segs. t North American species. .. British species. SIMPLIFIED KEY TO COMMON GENERA 249 Tubercula I st dorsal Clttellum pubertatis pore Genus Eiseniella 22, 23-26, 23-2S, 26 4/S Male pores in 13. Dark Eiseniella 27 brown, greenish, golden tetraeda f yellow, red. Body quad­ typica* rangular behind the c1i­ (Savigny) tellum. 30-60 mm. 60- 90 segs. Male pore in IS. Other­ E. tetraeda " " wise as f. typica (Savigny) f hercynia* (Michaelsen) Genus Bimastos 20, 21, Absent Setae ab > cd. Red­ Bimastos 22-29,30 brown. gieselerit 105-1 I S segs. s0--80 mm. (Smith) 22-29 S/6 Reddish-brown, B. tumidi/ segs 30-60. Eisen 20-S0 mm. 23-28 Absent S/6, 6/7 20-S0 mm. 40--60 segs. B. palustrist up to 7S mm. (Moore) 23,24, 24,2S S/6 Reddish dorsally, yel- B. parvust 2S-3 I , 32 26-30 lowish ventrally. 2S-40 (Eisen) or absent mm. 90--110 segs. Absent 5/6 Rose-red. B. longi­ 98-122 segs. 60--<)0 mm. cinctus t (Smith & Gittins) 24, 2S-32, Absent S/6 Prostomium tanylobous, B. eiseni* 33 body cylindrical, reddish (Levinsen) or violet dorsally, yel­ lowish ventrally, c1itel- lum red. 30-64 mm. 7S- I I I segs. Absent Pale red to chestnut B. zeteki t brown, often localized (Smith & whitish banding anter- Gittins) iorly. 100--140 mm. 110- 140 segs. None S/6 Dark reddish brown to B. heim- brown setae closely burgen ·t paired. (Smith) 250 BIOLOGY OF EARTHWORMS Tubercula I st dorsal Clitellum pubertatis pore Genus Dendrobaena 25, 26-31, 28-30 5/6 Rosy to deep red, last Dendrobaena 32 posterior segments yel~ rubida low, 27-90 mm. 50-100 (Savigny)* segs. .r subrubi­ cunda (Eisen) 25, 26, 27- 28, 29-30, Setae widely paired, dor- D. rubida 30, 31, 31 or sally red-brown with (Savigny)* 32, 33 absent bluish tint. Intersegmen- .r tenuis tal grooves and ventral (Eisen) side light. 20-85 mm. 90-120 segs. 25,26-28, 5/6 or Smoky-grey with red D. platyura 29,30 sometimes pigment posteriorly. 80- (Fitzinger) 8/9 180 mm. 120-160 segs. 26, 27-31, 5/6 Dark red dorsally, lighter D. rubida*t 32 red ventrally. 30--60 mm. (Savigny) 50-100 segs. 24,25-26, 30 and 31 5/6 Violet, purple or olive D. veneta 27-32, 33 brown, dorsal pigment .r typica* bands separated by non- (Rosa) pigmented zones. Some- times uniformly unpig- mented. 50-155 mm. 80-- 225 segs. 31-32, 33 4/5 Red, violet, yellow or D. copper. Posterior octa- octaedra*t gonal. 17-40 mm. 79-95 (Savigny) segs. 28-33, 34 5/6 Dorsally pale red, 1st D. attemsl segment and ventrally (Michael­ and clitellum white. 20- sen) 50 mm. 100--150 segs. 4/5 Red-violet, slightly irri- D. descent. 30-65 mm. 83- mammalis*t 100 segs. (Savigny) Undetect- Red dorsally or unpig- D. pygmaea* able mented.
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