WORLDING the BRAIN 2017 Affect, Care, and Engagement
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Neuroscience and Critique
NEUROSCIENCE AND CRITIQUE Recent years have seen a rapid growth in neuroscientific research, and an expansion beyond basic research to incorporate elements of the arts, humanities and social sciences. Some have suggested that the neurosciences will bring about major transformations in the understand- ing of our selves, our culture and our society. Ongoing debates within psychology, philoso- phy and literature about the implications of these developments within the neurosciences, and the emerging fields of educational neuroscience, neuroeconomics and neuro-aesthetics also bear witness to a “neurological turn” which is currently taking place. Neuroscience and Critique is a groundbreaking edited collection that reflects on the impact of neuroscience in contemporary social science and the humanities. It is the first book to consider possibilities for a critique of the theories, practices and implications of contemporary neuroscience. Bringing together leading scholars from several disciplines, the contributors draw upon a range of perspectives, including cognitive neuroscience, critical philosophy, psychoanalysis and feminism, and also critically examine several key ideas in contemporary neuroscience, including: • The idea of “neural personhood” • Theories of emotion in affective neuroscience • Empathy, intersubjectivity and the notion of “embodied simulation” • The concept of an “emo-rational” actor within neuroeconomics The volume will stimulate further debate in the emerging field of interdisciplinary studies in neuroscience and will appeal to researchers and advanced students in a number of disciplines, including psychology, philosophy and critical studies. Jan De Vos is a post-doctoral FWO Research Fellow at the Centre for Critical Philosophy at Ghent University, Belgium. His main research area is that of the neurological turn and its implications for ideology critique. -
Program Final (Sept 17, 2012)
Program Final (Sept 17, 2012) Where not otherwise indicated, the chair of the session is the final speaker. Session 1 - Thurs 1:30pm - 3pm Session 1 (D) Frontier 202A Disease and Subjectivity M.K. Nixon. Keep Bleeding: Hemorrhagic Sores, Trade, and the Necessity of Leaky Boundaries in Defoe’s Journal of the Plague Year This paper considers the way in which nonhuman contagious disease is crucial in shaping human subjectivity. To this end, this essay probes notions of two boundaries that are both political and personal—the border between the national subject and the international other, and the boundary between the self and all that lies outside of it—in a consideration of Daniel Defoe’s 1722 text, A Journal of the Plague Year. Operating from the notion that the personal is indeed political, this essay asserts that these two borders are largely intertwined, particularly when considering infectious diseases. By way of examining attitudes towards national and personal boundaries, this paper focuses in large part on Defoe’s representation of the eponymous buboes of the bubonic plague, juxtaposing and exploring his depiction of suppurated and calcified bubonic sores as metonymic signifiers of both personal and national boundaries that are transgressed or fortified, respectively. Examination of Defoe’s illustration of bubonic sores shows that Defoe depicted the Great Plague of 1665 in ways that I assert were thoroughly influenced by his conceptualization of international trade—a conceptualization which resisted the nationalistic xenophobia typical of his day and instead embraced a type of individualistic mercantilism. Defoe’s views on economics and trade, then, influenced his understanding of the Great Plague and cycled back to result in a view of man and nation that advocates permeable boundaries even in response to the hugely threatening potential of a complete breakdown of self- and nation-constituting borders. -
Critical Neuroscience
Choudhury_bindex.indd 391 7/22/2011 4:08:46 AM Critical Neuroscience Choudhury_ffirs.indd i 7/22/2011 4:37:11 AM Choudhury_ffirs.indd ii 7/22/2011 4:37:11 AM Critical Neuroscience A Handbook of the Social and Cultural Contexts of Neuroscience Edited by Suparna Choudhury and Jan Slaby A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication Choudhury_ffirs.indd iii 7/22/2011 4:37:11 AM This edition first published 2012 © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Suparna Choudhury and Jan Slaby to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. -
Thesis and Dissertation Template
THE IMPACT OF ENGAGEMENT WITH THE ARTS ON THE HEALTH AND WELLBEING OF HOSPITAL INPATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA _______________________ A Thesis Presented to The Royal College of Music Centre for Performance Science ______________________ In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________ by Gregory Windle April 2019 Gregory Windle 2019 Keywords: arts-in-health; dementia; hospital; wellbeing; person-centred care i ABSTRACT The global rise of dementia has provoked a multidimensional response from research, policy, and practice sectors. Care for dementia in hospital settings is of particular concern given the outsized lengths of stay and readmission rates. To respond to the resulting care needs, arts in health programmes are increasingly implemented in hospitals, with a central focus on supporting those with dementia. This PhD aimed to explore patterns of engagement with the arts and their psychosocial effects on hospital inpatients with dementia, with a particular focus on the differences in psychological impact between traditional and digital modes of engagement. The study used a sequential mixed methods design organised across three inter-related studies. Study 1, a cross-sectional study of 123 inpatients, used a questionnaire battery consisting of validated measures for loneliness, quality of life, and depression alongside questions regarding current, past-year, and life course engagement with different art forms and cultural activities. High rates of loneliness and depression were measured among participants, but current individual engagement with the arts was associated with less loneliness and increased quality of life. Notably, passive and solitary activities such as reading and watching television were associated with lower levels of loneliness. -
Environment, Culture, and the Brain New Explorations in Neurohistory
Perspectives Environment, Culture, and the Brain New Explorations in Neurohistory Edited by EDMUND RUSSELL 2012 / 6 RCC Perspectives Environment, Culture, and the Brain New Explorations in Neurohistory Edited by Edmund Russell 2012 / 6 Environment, Culture, and the Brain 3 About the Authors Peter Becker teaches modern history at the University of Vienna. His main research interests are in the history of public administration, criminology, and policing. More recently he has embarked on a research project on the recurrence of biological think- ing in social research and social policy with a focus on the role of neurosciences in public discourse. Benedikt Berninger is an associate professor of physiological chemistry at the Johan- nes Gutenberg University Mainz. His research in neurobiology focuses on forcing fate conversion of somatic cells into neurons by a process called “reprogramming.” The essay “Causality and the Brain” in this volume was inspired by his interest in history and philosophy of history. Kirsten Brukamp is a research fellow in theoretical medicine at RWTH Aachen Uni- versity. She specializes in bioethics and neuroethics and holds degrees in medicine, philosophy, and cognitive science. Carlos Collado Seidel is a professor of modern and contemporary history at the Uni- versity of Marburg. His main research fields are comparative European history and the contemporary history of Spain. Together with Karin Meissner, he is currently working on a research project on neurological processes during decision-making in politics and diplomacy. Steve Fuller is Auguste Comte Professor of Social Epistemology in the Department of Sociology at the University of Warwick, UK. Originally trained in history and philosophy of science, he is closely associated with the field of “social epistemology,” which is also the name of a quarterly journal he founded in 1987. -
Violence on the Brain: a Critique of Neuroscience in Criminal Law
VIOLENCE ON THE BRAIN: A CRITIQUE OF NEUROSCIENCE IN CRIMINAL LAW Amanda C. Pustilnik* Is there such a thing as a criminally "violent brain"? Does it make sense to speak of "the neurobiology of violence" or the "psychopathology of crime"? Is it possible to answer on a physiological level what makes one person engage in criminal violence and another not, under similar circumstances? Current research in law and neuroscience is promising to answer these questions with a "yes." Some legal scholars working in this area claim that we are close to realizing the "early criminologists' dream of identifying the biological roots of criminality." These hopes for a neuroscientific transformation of the criminal law, although based in the newest research, are part of a very old story. Criminal law and neuroscience have been engaged in an ill-fated and sometimes tragic affair for over two hundred years. Three issues have recurred that track those that bedeviled earlierefforts to ground criminal law in brain sciences. First is the claim that the brain is often the most relevant or fundamental level at which to understand criminal conduct. Second is that the various phenomena we call "criminal violence" arise causally from dysfunction within specific locations in the brain ("localization"). Third is the related claim that, because much violent criminality arises from brain dysfunction, people who commit such acts are biologically different from typical people ("alterity"or "otherizing"). This Article first demonstrates parallels between certain current claims about the neurobiology of criminal violence and past movements that were concerned with the law and * Climenko Fellow & Lecturer on Law, Harvard Law School. -
The Effect of Art Training on Dementia Katherine Gladys Johnson A
The Effect of Art Training on Dementia Katherine Gladys Johnson A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN PSYCHOLOGY YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO December 2018 © Katherine Johnson, 2018 Abstract The present study explores the effect of visual art training on people with dementia (PWD), utilizing a randomized control trial (RCT) design, with a structured usual activity waitlist control group, in order to investigate the effects of an eight-week visual art training program on PWD’s cognition, mood, and behaviour. Cognition was assessed with: The Backward Digit Span, measuring verbal working memory; the Body Part Pointing Test, measuring visuospatial working memory; and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), measuring overall cognitive function. Mood and behaviour were qualitatively assessed based on volunteer-completed observational reports. The results of the study indicate that while cognition is not significantly affected by an eight-week art training program, mood and behaviour are positively impacted. Keywords: randomized control trial, visual arts, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, mood, behaviour, cognition ii Dedication I’m occasionally advised that it is best to remain detached as a dementia researcher, especially while working directly with patients; to remain completely separate from that which I study as well as those who I study. Beyond the reasoning that this may in some way enhance my skills as a researcher, I believe the advice also comes from a place of kindness, with the advisor sharing this thought in an attempt to somehow protect my heart and my happiness; with the reasoning that, so long as I remain detached, I won’t experience personal losses if a participant passes or moves on. -
Creating Space IX Abstracts
Creating Space IX CULTURAL HUMILITY AND CONTEMPORARY MEDICAL PRACTICE: (HOW) CAN THE HUMANITIES HELP? Abstracts Friday April 12th, 2019 THEME – RESEARCH PAPERS: DISABILITY Understanding Intolerable Suffering: Cross-Cultural Humility and End of Life Rajam Raghunathan When Bill C-14 was assented to on June 17, 2016, it extended medical assistance in dying to individuals with a "grievous and irremediable medical condition" causing them "enduring and intolerable suffering."1 Intolerable suffering is, thus, a reliable warrant by which a request for medical assistance in dying must be adjudicated. Bill C- 14 does not entirely qualify what such suffering could encompass, placing the onus on individuals to argue for their condition as intolerable, and for the adjudicating body to recognize it as such. The structure of these obligations points to an inherent unfairness which can preclude individuals from having the resources to communicate their experience. This paper explores intolerable suffering along with injustice that can arise from it. First, I articulate the necessary and sufficient conditions which must be met to assert intolerable suffering. Second, I interrogate the philosophical concept of duḥkha within Indian Buddhist epistemology as a vehicle through which to recognize the universality of suffering while maintaining its irreducible particularity. Finally, I argue that is precisely the uncertainty and heterogeneity that surround 'intolerable suffering' that fosters an ethical and epistemic obligation for ongoing critical engagement. HIV Negotiation: Using Contemporary Theory to Rethink the Biomedical HIV Risk Paradigm Rodney Rousseau HIV prevention approaches to date have emerged against a backdrop of biomedical binary categorization of bodies as either HIV-infected or HIV-uninfected. -
The 'Biological Turn' in History Writing
Exchanges : the Warwick Research Journal The ‘Biological Turn’ in History Writingi Josh Patel* Department of History, University of Warwick *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract In recent history writing, there has been an acceleration of interdisciplinary projects drawing from life sciences, a movement which has been identified as a ‘biological turn’, taking perspectives from diverse fields such as biology, evolutionary psychology, and neurobiology to provide insights into traditional written sources. While this provides numerous new understandings, current use of life sciences is often uncritical. I argue that the biological turn in history writing uses life sciences not to create challenging insights, but to make naturalised claims of human behaviour, and carries with it the current epistemological and socio-political preferences for economically and politically ‘useful’ scientific knowledge. Yet the claims of the biological turn are proposed as divorced from any political context. This is at best naïve, and delegitimises alternative sources of knowledge production. Such an approach has serious implications for writing history, undermines the programme of the history of science, and should be challenged in order to assist in the creation of more helpful and introspective Peer review: This article knowledge when engaging with interdisciplinary material. In this review has been subject to a article I argue that the biological turn is an unsatisfactory response to the double blind peer review linguistic turn, and discuss -
September-2015
Clio’s Psyche Understanding the “Why” of Culture, Current Events, History, and Society Psychohistory at the Crossroads Symposium The Past, Present, and Future of Psychohistory The Baltimore Riots Freud’s Analysis of His Daughter The Ordeal of Alfred Dreyfus Memorials: Peter Gay and Eli Sagan Psychohistory Meeting Reports Volume 22 Numbers 1-2 June-September 2015 Clio’s Psyche Vol. 22 No. 1-2 June-Sept 2015 ISSN 1080-2622 Published Quarterly by the Psychohistory Forum 627 Dakota Trail, Franklin Lakes, NJ 07417 Telephone: (201) 891-7486 E-mail: [email protected] Editor: Paul H. Elovitz Book Review Editor: Ken Fuchsman Editorial Board Herb Barry, PhD University of Pittsburgh • C. Fred Alford, PhD University of Maryland • James W. Anderson, PhD Northwestern University • David Beisel, PhD RCC-SUNY • Donald L. Carveth, PhD, York University • Ken Fuchsman, EdD University of Connecticut • Bob Lentz • Peter Loewenberg, PhD UCLA • Peter Petschauer, PhD Appalachian State University Subscription Rate: Free to members of the Psychohistory Forum $72 two-year subscription to non-members $65 yearly to institutions (Add $60 per year outside U.S.A. & Canada) Single issue price: $21 We welcome articles of psychohistorical interest of 500 - 1,500 words and a few longer ones. Copyright © 2015 The Psychohistory Forum Psychohistory at the Crossroads Symposium The Past, Present, and Future of Psychohistory The Baltimore Riots Freud’s Analysis of His Daughter The Ordeal of Alfred Dreyfus Memorials: Peter Gay and Eli Sagan Psychohistory Meeting Reports Volume 22 Numbers 1-2 June-September 2015 Clio’s Psyche Understanding the “Why” of Culture, Current Events, History, and Society Volume 22 Number 1-2 June-Sept 2015 _____________________________________________________________________ Psychohistory at the Crossroads Symposium Psychohistory Is an Approach Rather than a Discipline. -
How to Cite: Brukamp, Kirsten. “Neurohistory: Being in Time.” In: “Environment, Culture, and the Brain: New Explorations
How to cite: Brukamp, Kirsten. “Neurohistory: Being in Time.” In: “Environment, Culture, and the Brain: New Explorations in Neurohistory,” edited by Edmund Russell, RCC Perspectives 2012, no. 6, 75–78. All issues of RCC Perspectives are available online. To view past issues, and to learn more about the Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society, please visit www.rachelcarsoncenter.de. Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society Leopoldstrasse 11a, 80802 Munich, GERMANY ISSN 2190-8087 © Copyright is held by the contributing authors. Environment, Culture, and the Brain 75 Kirsten Brukamp Neurohistory: Being in Time What is neurohistory?—The ambitious endeavors suggested by the novel term pos- sess the potential to result in unexpected perspectives on both history and neurosci- ence. Neurohistory projects fall into one of three categories. Focus on history: Neurohistory may first be history informed by neuroscience. Ac- cordingly, neuroscience is here understood as a support for achieving historical un- derstanding: historical events and processes are assessed in light of insights from neuroscience. Examples for projects in this field comprise all those that would benefit from a deeper understanding of individual actions, collective intentions, and social behaviors—that is, goals that may be reached with psychology as well as social and cultural neuroscience (Adolphs 2009; Rizzolatti and Sinigaglia 2010; Martinez Mateo et al. 2011). In particu- lar, research can unearth new perspectives on gender differences, personal factors in history, conflicts, conflict resolution, hierarchy, and power structures. In select cases, the behavior of influential individuals may be explained by disorders of the nervous system (Toole 1995). For prehistory, comparative biology and neuroscience could identify distinct stages of behavior and culture in the evolution of human ancestors (Stout et al. -
Munich Center for Neurosciences
MUNICH CENTER FOR NEUROSCIENCES Munich Center for Neurosciences – Brain & Mind LMU Biocenter Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich (LMU) Grosshaderner Straße 2 www.mcn.lmu.de EUROSCIENCES 82152 Planegg-Martinsried +49 (0)89 / 2180-74303 N [email protected] ENTER FOR C MUNICH 4 | 5 The Free State of Bavaria is a first-rate location for science and research, All these results are both promising and encouraging. With innovative where life sciences play an eminent role. They find one of their strongest projects like the “Munich Center for Neurosciences“, we can successfully bases in Munich. The Bavarian capital is home to two great research advance the further development of our research landscape and maintain our universities – both winners of the Germany- wide Initiative for Excellence – as leading position in the life sciences. well as numerous highly-specialized and well-known non-university research institutions. It is no wonder that Munich is the ideal place for committed I am sure that the great work of the scientists at the “Munich Center for scientists to deliver prime scientific results at the highest international level. Neurosciences“ will continue its success and wish the centre all the best for the future. Today, top science demands close co-operation – beyond the limits of institutes and disciplines. The “Munich Center for Neurosciences“ provides the integrative platform to take the strong interdisciplinary approach the Munich, August 2011 complexity of the different fields of neurosciences asks for. Its being open to integrating perspectives and findings from neighbouring fields of research Dr. Wolfgang Heubisch even allows a holistic reflection of burning neuroscientific questions.