U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-126, 181 P
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"Tectonic Deformation Re Great Subduction Zone Earthquakes
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ ._ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 3 TECTONIC DEFORMATION RELATED TO GREAT SUBDUCTION ZONE EARTliQUAKES George Plafker, U.S. Geological Survey Abstract Vertical and horizontal displacements associated with plate convergence at consuming plate margins are the algebraic sum of interseismic, coseismic, and transient deformat- ions through a complete earthquake cycle on a time scale of tens to thousands of years. Elastic and permanent deformations accumulated during the interseismic period are a function of coupling across the megathrust interface between the underthrusting oceanic crust and the upper plate, and of the direction, rate, and duration of relative plate motions. Coseismic deformations result frbm seaward thrusting of the upper plate and depend upon dip of the megathrust, displacement along the megathrust, and the dip and displacements along subsidiary faults that may break through the upper plate. Transient postseismic displacements may occur that result from relatively slow elastic strain i release or creep deformation following an earthquake, | i Coseismic regional vertical displacements typically involve a central broad asymmetric downwarp elongate parallel to the arc with a flanking zone of marked uplift on the sea- | t ward side, and a zone of relatively minor uplift on the landward side. The major zones I of uplift and subsidence may extend from the trench to its associated volcanic are. In the 1960 Chile earthquake (Mw=9.5] deformation occurred for about 1,050 km parallel to the are over an area of 85,000+ km with shoreline vertical displacements to +5.7 m and -2.3 m. -
The Alaska Earthquake Regional Effects
The Alaska Earthquake March 27,1964: Regional Effects This volume was published as separate chapters A-J GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 543 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director CONTENTS [Letters designate the separately published chapters] ('1) Slide-induced waves, seiching, and ground fracturing caused by the earthquake of March 27, 1964, at Kenai Lake, Alaska, by David S. McCulloch. (B) Geomorphic effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964. in the Martin-Bering Rivers area, Alaska, by Samuel J. Tuthill and Wilson M. Laird. (C) Gravity survey and regional geology of the Prince William Sound, epicentral region. Alaska, by J. E. Case, L). F. Barnes, George Plafker, and S. L. Robbins. (D) Geologic effects of the March 1964 earthquake and associated seismic sea waves on Kadiali and nearby islands, Alaska, by George Plafker and Reuben Kachadooria~~. (E) Effects of the earthquake of Marc11 27. 1964, in the Coljl~erRiver Basin area, Alaska, by Oscar J. Ferrians, Jr. (F) Ground breakage and associated effects ill the Cook Inlet area. Alaska, resulting from the JIarch 27, 1964, earthquake, by Helen L. Foster and Thor x. V. Karlstrorn. (G) Surface faults on Montague Island associated with the 1964 Alahka earthquake, by George Plaflter. (13) Erosion and deposition on a beach raised by the 19ki4 earthyuake. Jfontagne Island, Alaska, by 11. J. Kirkby and Anne V. Kirkby. (I) Tectonics d the March 27,1964, Alaska earthquake. by Grorge I'lafker. (J) Effects of the Alaska earbhquake of March 27. 1964, on shore processes and beach ~norphology, by Kirk W. -
Quake News from America Roger Bilham Savours Two Rich Accounts of Seismicity Across the Continent
SEISMOLOGY Quake news from America Roger Bilham savours two rich accounts of seismicity across the continent. iven recent seismic activity — Quakeland: On the Road to America’s Next years, coinciding with a rise in fracking, political as well as geological — it’s Devastating Earthquake was unlikely to represent a natural process. perhaps unsurprising that two books KATHRYN MILES Miles does not take sides, but it’s difficult Gon earthquakes have arrived this season. Dutton: 2017. for the reader not to. One is as elegant as the score of a Beethoven The Great Quake: How the Biggest She visits New York City, marvelling at symphony; the other resembles a diary of Earthquake in North America Changed Our subway tunnels and unreinforced masonry MICHAEL NICHOLS/NGC conversations overheard during a rock con- Understanding of the Planet almost certainly scheduled for destruction by cert. Both are interesting, and both relate HENRY FOUNTAIN the next moderate earthquake in the vicin- Crown: 2017. recent history to a shaky future. ity. She considers the perils of nuclear-waste Journalist Kathryn Miles’s Quakeland is a storage in Nevada and Texas, and ponders litany of bad things that happen when you personalities, opinions and prejudices tell a the risks to Idaho miners of rock bursts — provoke Earth to release its invisible but story of scientific discovery and engineering spontaneous fracture of the working face ubiquitous store of seismic-strain energy, remedy. when the restraints of many million years of either by removing fluids (oil, water, gas) or Miles poses some important societal confinement are mined away. She contem- by adding them in copious quantities (when questions. -
Alaska Range
Alaska Range Introduction The heavily glacierized Alaska Range consists of a number of adjacent and discrete mountain ranges that extend in an arc more than 750 km long (figs. 1, 381). From east to west, named ranges include the Nutzotin, Mentas- ta, Amphitheater, Clearwater, Tokosha, Kichatna, Teocalli, Tordrillo, Terra Cotta, and Revelation Mountains. This arcuate mountain massif spans the area from the White River, just east of the Canadian Border, to Merrill Pass on the western side of Cook Inlet southwest of Anchorage. Many of the indi- Figure 381.—Index map of vidual ranges support glaciers. The total glacier area of the Alaska Range is the Alaska Range showing 2 approximately 13,900 km (Post and Meier, 1980, p. 45). Its several thousand the glacierized areas. Index glaciers range in size from tiny unnamed cirque glaciers with areas of less map modified from Field than 1 km2 to very large valley glaciers with lengths up to 76 km (Denton (1975a). Figure 382.—Enlargement of NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) image mosaic of the Alaska Range in summer 1995. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration image mosaic from Mike Fleming, Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Anchorage, Alaska. The numbers 1–5 indicate the seg- ments of the Alaska Range discussed in the text. K406 SATELLITE IMAGE ATLAS OF GLACIERS OF THE WORLD and Field, 1975a, p. 575) and areas of greater than 500 km2. Alaska Range glaciers extend in elevation from above 6,000 m, near the summit of Mount McKinley, to slightly more than 100 m above sea level at Capps and Triumvi- rate Glaciers in the southwestern part of the range. -
Download Itinerary
SHOKALSKIY | WRANGEL ISLAND: ACROSS THE TOP OF THE WORLD TRIP CODE ACHEATW DEPARTURE 02/08/2021 DURATION 15 Days LOCATIONS Not Available INTRODUCTION Undertake this incredible expedition across the Arctic Circle. Experience the beauty of the pristine Wrangel and Herald islands, a magnificent section of the North-East Siberian Coastline that few witness. Explore the incredible wilderness opportunities of the Bering Strait where a treasure trove of Arctic biodiversity and Eskimo history await. ITINERARY DAY 1: Anadyr All expedition members will arrive in Anadyr; depending on your time of arrival you may have the opportunity to explore Anadyr, before getting to know your fellow voyagers and expedition team on board the Spirit of Enderby. We will depart when everybody is on board. DAY 2: Anadyrskiy Bay At sea today, there will be some briefings and lectures it is also a chance for some ‘birding’ cetacean watching and settling into ship life. Late this afternoon we plan to Zodiac cruise some spectacular bird cliffs in Preobrazheniya Bay. Copyright Chimu Adventures. All rights reserved 2020. Chimu Adventures PTY LTD SHOKALSKIY | WRANGEL ISLAND: ACROSS THE TOP OF THE WORLD TRIP CODE ACHEATW DAY 3: Yttygran and Gilmimyl Hot Springs DEPARTURE Yttygran Island is home to the monumental ancient aboriginal site known as Whale Bone Alley, where whale bones stretch along the beach for 02/08/2021 nearly half a kilometre. There are many meat pits used for storage and other remains of a busy DURATION whaling camp that united several aboriginal villages at a time. In one location, immense Bowhead Whale jawbones and ribs are placed 15 Days together in a stunning arch formation. -
Radiogenic Age and Isotopic Studies: Report 3
GSCAN-P—89-2 CA9200982 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA PAPER 89-2 RADIOGENIC AGE AND ISOTOPIC STUDIES: REPORT 3 1990 Entity, Mtnat and Cnargi*, Mint* M n**ouroaa Canada ftoaioweat Canada CanadS '•if S ( >* >f->( f STAFF, GEOCHRONOLOGY SECTION: GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA Research Scientists: Otto van Breemen J. Chris Roddick Randall R. Parrish James K. Mortensen Post-Doctoral Fellows: Francis 6. Dudas Hrnst Hegncr Visiting Scientist: Mary Lou Bevier Professional Scientists: W. Dale L<neridj:e Robert W. Sullivan Patricia A. Hunt Reginald J. Theriaul! Jack L. Macrae Technical Staff: Klaus Suntowski Jean-Claude Bisson Dianne Bellerive Fred B. Quigg Rejean J.G. Segun Sample crushing and preliminary mineral separation arc done by the Mineralogy Section GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA PAPER 89-2 RADIOGENIC AGE AND ISOTOPIC STUDIES: REPORT 3 1990 ° Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1990 Available in Canada through authorized bookstore agents and other bookstores or by mail from Canadian Government Publishing Centre Supply and Services Canada Ottawa, Canada Kl A 0S9 and from Geological Survey of Canada offices: 601 Booth Street Ottawa, Canada Kl A 0E8 3303-33rd Street N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2L2A7 100 West Pender Street Vancouver, B.C. V6B 1R8 A deposit copy of this publication is also available for reference in public libraries across Canada Cat. No. M44-89/2E ISBN 0-660-13699-6 Price subject to change without notice Cover Description: Aerial photograph of the New Quebec Crater, a meteorite impact structure in northern Ungava Peninsula, Quebec, taken in 1985 by P.B. Robertson (GSC 204955 B-l). The diameter of the lake is about 3.4km and the view is towards the east-southeast. -
Redacted for Privacy Abstract Approved: John V
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF MIAH ALLAN BEAL for the Doctor of Philosophy (Name) (Degree) in Oceanography presented on August 12.1968 (Major) (Date) Title:Batymety and_Strictuof_thp..4rctic_Ocean Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: John V. The history of the explordtion of the Central Arctic Ocean is reviewed.It has been only within the last 15 years that any signifi- cant number of depth-sounding data have been collected.The present study uses seven million echo soundings collected by U. S. Navy nuclear submarines along nearly 40, 000 km of track to construct, for the first time, a reasonably complete picture of the physiography of the basin of the Arctic Ocean.The use of nuclear submarines as under-ice survey ships is discussed. The physiography of the entire Arctic basin and of each of the major features in the basin are described, illustrated and named. The dominant ocean floor features are three mountain ranges, generally paralleling each other and the 40°E. 140°W. meridian. From the Pacific- side of the Arctic basin toward the Atlantic, they are: The Alpha Cordillera; The Lomonosov Ridge; andThe Nansen Cordillera. The Alpha Cordillera is the widest of the three mountain ranges. It abuts the continental slopes off the Canadian Archipelago and off Asia across more than550of longitude on each slope.Its minimum width of about 300 km is located midway between North America and Asia.In cross section, the Alpha Cordillera is a broad arch rising about two km, above the floor of the basin.The arch is marked by volcanoes and regions of "high fractured plateau, and by scarps500to 1000 meters high.The small number of data from seismology, heat flow, magnetics and gravity studies are reviewed.The Alpha Cordillera is interpreted to be an inactive mid-ocean ridge which has undergone some subsidence. -
Siberian Coast & Polar Bears of Wrangel Island, Russia
Siberian Coast & Polar Bears of Wrangel Island, Russia Aboard the Spirit of Enderby July 24–August 6, 2013 Tuesday / Wednesday July 23 / July 24 – Anadyr, Russia Arrival Over several days, North American trip participants slowly began to arrive in Nome, Alaska for our charter flights to Anadyr, Russia. Participants from other parts of the world made their way to Anadyr through Moscow. Altogether, passengers included passport holders from 11 countries. Many people had flown into Nome several days early, rented cars, and driven the local roads in search of accessible musk oxen in the meadows near town, Pacific and red-throated loons in small tundra ponds, and gulls, ducks and shorebirds along the coast. On July 23, most of our group consolidated their luggage in our Nome hotel lobby and had it loaded on a truck to be taken to our charter airline hangar, while we followed in a bus with our camera gear. Thick fog was drifting along the coast and, when we reached the hanger, we were informed the Nome Airport was closed to inbound air traffic. That posed no real problem for us because our small airplanes were already at the hangar in Nome, on stand-by and readily available, and, since the fog was intermittent, it seemed certain we would have almost no problem departing to Russia. A breakfast buffet was arranged in the hangar and we were regaled by local Nome personality Richard Beneville—who also organized our land-based transportation—with his tales of moving to Nome following his life as a theater actor in New York City and anecdotes of his decades-long life in hardscrabble Nome. -
Geologic Map of Alaska
Geologic Map of Alaska Compiled by Frederic H. Wilson, Chad P. Hults, Charles G. Mull, and Susan M. Karl Pamphlet to accompany Scientific Investigations Map 3340 2015 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Front cover. Color shaded relief map of Alaska and surroundings. Sources: 100-meter-resolution natural image of Alaska, http://nationalmap.gov/small_scale/mld/nate100.html; rivers and lakes dataset, http://www.asgdc.state.ak.us/; bathymetry and topography of Russia and Canada, https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/global.html. Back cover. Previous geologic maps of Alaska: 1906—Brooks, A.H., Abbe, Cleveland, Jr., and Goode, R.U., 1906, The geography and geology of Alaska; a summary of existing knowledge, with a section on climate, and a topographic map and description thereof: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 45, 327 p., 1 sheet. 1939—Smith, P.S., 1939, Areal geology of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 192, 100 p., 18 plates. 1957—Dutro, J.T., Jr., and Payne, T.G., 1957, Geologic map of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:2,500,000. 1980—Beikman, H.M., 1980, Geologic map of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Special Map, scale 1:2,500,000, 2 sheets. Geologic Map of Alaska Compiled by Frederic H. Wilson, Chad P. Hults, Charles G. Mull, and Susan M. Karl Pamphlet to accompany Scientific Investigations Map 3340 2015 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior SALLY JEWELL, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Director U.S. -
Silicic Magma Chambers and Mafic Dikes a Dissertation Submitted to the Department Of
INVESTIGATIONS OF MAGMATIC END-MEMBERS: SILICIC MAGMA CHAMBERS AND MAFIC DIKES A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Gwyneth Retta Hughes May 2010 © 2010 by Gwyneth Retta Hughes. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/cf090yt6229 Includes supplemental files: 1. Caldera references for Chapters 2 and 3 (Caldera_index_ref.pdf) 2. Bayes Classifier Code for Chapter 3 (bayes_classifier.zip) 3. Caldera data for Chapter 2 (Arc_caldera_data.csv) 4. Caldera data for Chapter 3 (All_caldera_data.csv) ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Gail Mahood, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. David Pollard I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Paul Segall Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. Patricia J. Gumport, Vice Provost Graduate Education This signature page was generated electronically upon submission of this dissertation in electronic format. -
Open File Report No. 79-2 EVALUATION of the MINERAL RESOURCES of the PIPELINE CORRIDOR PHASES I and I1
Evaluation of the mineral resources of the pipeline corridor, phases i and ii Item Type Technical Report Authors Robinson, M.S. and Metz, P.A. Citation Robinson, M.S. and Metz, P.A., 1979, Evaluation of the mineral resources of the pipeline corridor, phases i and ii: University of Alaska Mineral Industry Research Laboratory Open File 79-2, 272 p. Publisher University of Alaska Mineral Industry Research Laboratory Download date 10/10/2021 15:21:54 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/2135 Open File Report No. 79-2 EVALUATION OF THE MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE PIPELINE CORRIDOR PHASES I AND I1 M.S. Robinson G P.A. Metz 1979 EVALUATION OF THE MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE PIPELINE CORRIDOR PHASE I AND I1 Final Report Submitted. to U.S. Bureau of Mines Alaska Fie1 d Operations Center Juneau, A1 aska Grant No. 601 66180 June 1, 1979 Submitted by Mark S. Robinson and Paul A:Metz Mineral Industry Research Laboratory University of A1 as ka Fairbanks, Alaska 99701 CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Summary and Conclusions . I_. I SectionI. Geology and Mineral Resources of the Valdez .-.7 I ::: quadrangle Previous Investigations 11 .,- Regional Geology and Petrology . 11 Structural Geology 20 Geochemistry 21 Mining Activity and Economic Geology 23 References Cited 26 Bibliography 2 9 Section 11. Geology and Mineral Resources of the Gul kana quadrangle Previous Investigations Regional Geology and Petrology Structural Geology Geoc hemi s try Mining Activity and Economic Geology References Cited Bi bl iography Section 111. Geology and Mineral Resources of the Mt. Hayes quadpang1 e ---- -- Previous Investigations 44 Regional Geology and Petrology 45 Structural Geology 52 Geochemi stry 53 Mining Activity and Economic Geology 55 References Cited - 60 Bibliography 64 .Section IV. -
Fisher Caldera, Unimak Island, Aleutians
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 111 (2001) 35±53 www.elsevier.com/locate/jvolgeores Low-d 18O tephra from a compositionally zoned magma body: Fisher Caldera, Unimak Island, Aleutians Ilya N. Bindeman*, John H. Fournelle, John W. Valley Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, 1215 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA Received 13 August 2000; revised 21 January 2001; accepted 20 February 2001 Abstract We present the results of an oxygen isotope study of phenocrysts in pumice clasts and ash layers produced by the 9100 yr BP composite dacite-basaltic andesite climactic eruption that formed Fisher Caldera in the eastern Aleutians. Products of the eruption represent a low-d 18O magma with d 18O plagioclase (14.79 ^ 0.24½) and clinopyroxene (3.81 ^ 0.23½) correspond- ing to equilibrium at magmatic temperatures. Dacitic and overlying basaltic±andesitic tephra of the climactic eruption, subsequent intracaldera basaltic to andesitic lavas, and a cumulate inclusion, are similarly low in d 18O. Other analyzed lavas and pyroclastics of Unimak island and the lower Alaska peninsula, as well as precaldera Fisher basalt, have normal d 18O magmatic values (.15.5½). We propose a model in which prior to 9100 yr BP, normal mantle-derived basaltic magma coalesced in a large shallow precaldera magma chamber during Late Wisconsin glaciation. Lowering of magmatic d 18O resulted then from long-term assimilation of ,5±10% of syn-glacial hydrothermally-altered country rocks. Differentiation of basaltic magma was concurrent with this assimilation and produced low-d 18O Fisher dacites, cumulates, and post-caldera crystal-richer lavas.