Relations of Salary to Title in American Universities Collection
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The Early Years
CHAPTER ONE The Early Years HE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY has its origins in the TGrant of Endowment executed November 11, 1885. That Grant followed an Endowment Act of the State of California, passed by the California Legislature and signed by the Governor of the State, George Stoneman, on March 9,1885. The cornerstone of the University was laid on May 14, 1887, with the expectation that the University would open on May 14, 1888, exactly twenty years after the birth of Leland Stanford, Jr. That expectation was frus- trated by a series of delays, and Stanford University actually opened its doors to students on October 1, 1891. Before the University ever opened, President David Starr Jor- dan had determined on a number of policies which set a style for Stanford. One which has a bearing on this account was the decision to have the University organized on a departmental basis. (The basis of a School structure came considerably later.) In marked contrast to what was the current mode in most other U.S. colleges and universities of the time, Stanford’s faculty was to be built around the concept of autonomous departments. Jordan put into practice a notion that he had long held: “Each Professor Sovereign in his own Department”. Although that slogan contained more hyperbole than actual policy, it nevertheless reflected Jordan’s conviction that the age was past when all college instructors re- ceived pretty much the same training. The specialization of academic disciplines had by this time proceeded so far that the Professor of Latin could no longer comment intelligently on what a Professor of Chemistry should be doing, and conversely. -
The Alchemical Apocalypse of Isaac Newton
Scuola Dottorale di Ateneo Graduate School Dottorato di ricerca in Lingue, Culture e Società Ciclo XXV° Anno di discussione 2013 Titolo: The Alchemical Apocalypse of Isaac Newton SETTORE SCIENTIFICO DISCIPLINARE DI AFFERENZA: L-LIN/10 Tesi di Dottorato di Zanon Irene, matricola 796168 Coordinatore del Dottorato Tutore del Dottorando Prof. Enrica Villari Prof. Loretta Innocenti CONTENTS List of Illustrations p. 3 List of Figures p. 3 List of Plates p. 5 Introduction p. 6 Chapter I The Hermetic Background p. 21 1.1 Some Problems of Textual Interpretation p. 29 1.2 Hermetic Culture p. 41 1.3 Roger Bacon’s Pansophic Knowledge p. 91 Chapter II Alchemy, Science and Millenarianism p.107 2.1 Alchemy as a Focal Issue in the Development of Modern Science p.107 2.2 “Many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall increase.” Francis Bacon’s Foreshadowing the Millennium p.122 2.3 The Pansophic Knowledge of Samuel Hartlib and Jan Comenius p.143 2.4 Literary Alchemy and Hexameral Literature: the Heterogeneous Nature of Alchemical Imagery p.158 2.5 Isaac Newton’s Millenarianism: Some Further Considerations p.178 Chapter III Alchemy and Science in Newton’s Opticks p.194 Chapter IV Newton’s Archetype of the Apocalypse p.207 4.1 Preliminary Methodological Considerations p.213 4.2 The Alchemical Archetype of the Apocalypse: the Jungian Model p.225 4.3 The Yahuda Manuscripts: Drafts of a Treatise on Revelation p.234 4.4 Methodological Conclusions p.243 Chapter V The Alchemical Apocalypse of Isaac Newton p.246 Bibliography p.281 Webgraphy p.298 List of Illustrations List of Figures Figure 1. -
Gunpowder - Wikipedia Page 1 of 17
Gunpowder - Wikipedia Page 1 of 17 Gunpowder From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Gunpowder, also known as black powder, is the earliest known chemical explosive. It is a mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate (saltpeter). The sulfur and charcoal act as fuels, and the saltpeter is an oxidizer.[1][2] Because of its burning properties and the amount of heat and gas volume that it generates, gunpowder has been widely used as a propellant in firearms and as a pyrotechnic composition in fireworks. Formulations used in blasting rock (such as in quarrying) are called blasting powder. Gunpowder is obsolete in modern firearms, but is still used in antique firearms because modern propellants are too powerful and could break the already fragile barrels. Gunpowder was invented in the 9th century in China,[3][4] and the earliest record of a written Black powder for muzzleloading rifles and formula for gunpowder appears in the 11th century Song dynasty text, Wujing Zongyao.[5] This pistols in FFFG granulation discovery led to the invention of fireworks and the earliest gunpowder weapons in China. In the size. U.S. Quarter (diameter centuries following the Chinese discovery, gunpowder weapons began appearing in the Muslim 24 mm) for comparison. world, Europe, and India. The technology spread from China through the Middle East or Central Asia, and then into Europe.[6] The earliest Western accounts of gunpowder appear in texts written by English philosopher Roger Bacon in the 13th century.[7] The hypothesis that gunpowder was used by ancient Hindus was first mentioned in the eighteenth century by some Sanskrit scholars.