1899. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1451

bring about some fancied political advantage by an effort to defeat pants of the galleries that expressions of approbation or disappro-­ the ratification of a treaty which, if unratified, must bring back a bation are not allowed under the rules of the Senate. condition of war as it existed before the report of the commission­ .Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President-- ers, passive it may be, Mr. President, but full of uncertainty and Mr. LODGE. I move that the Senate proceed to the considera­ full of disaster to the interests and the welfare of our country. tion of executive business. For my part, I do not believe these tactics can win. There are Mr. ALLEN. I hope the Senator will withdraw that motion. on both sides of this Uhamber enough men animated with high · Mr. LODGE. I beg the Senator's pardon. I did not see that patriotism, ready to obliterate party lines and to stand shoulder he had risen, and I withhold the motion. to sl10ulder together and with the Government, notoecause it is a Mr. ALLEN. I was simply going to request the Senator to republican Government, but because it is an American Govern­ withdraw his motion for a time, but I am told on this side of the ment, and they will agree to fight out hereafter the questions that Chamber that his motion is according to the unanimous-consent may arise as to the conduct and disposal of the Philippines when agreement, and I suppose I shall have to submit to it. the treaty shall have been ratified. · · EXECUTIVE SESSION. l'ifr. President, no matter what any man m ay say, this war was a war solely of humanity. It can not be too often reiterated that Mr. LODGE. I renew my motion that the Senate proceed to it had its inception in unselfishness and it finds its conclusion in the consideration of executiv.e business. . equal unselfishness. The course of events, unexpected and neces­ The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proceeded to tho sarily unforeflee n, leave us at the conclusion of this war char~ed consideration of executive busines<:J . After three hours spent in with a duty toward !l,000,000 people in far-off, distant seas. We executive session the doors were reopened. and (at 5 o'clock and 15 found them cruelly oppressed by Spain. No man with bowels of minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned until Monday, February G, compassion would want to turn them back to that country. We 189!>, at 12 o'clock meridian. know but little about them. We have reached only the very fringes of our knowledge of that country, its topography, its peo­ NOl\IINATIONS. ple, their character, and their possibilities. But it is believed by men at least as wise as we that there exists there a condition Executive nominations received by the Senate Februm·y 4, 1899. which if left to itself would result in internecine strife, perhaps COINER. extending over a. generation, with its accompaniment of blood­ Mayer Uohen, of Louisiana, to be coiner of the mint of the United shed and murder and rapine; and th::i.t the people there are as yet States at New Orleans, La., to succeed H . Gibbs Morgan, removed. apparently unfitted for self-government. More than this, they realize that if we to-day abandon those COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS. islands as a derelict upon the face of the waters we leave them cpen John W . :Mix, ·of Connecticut, to be collector of customs for the to the land-hunger and the grP.ed of the countries of Europe that district of New Haven, in the State of Connecticut, to succeed are now seeking to colonize land the wide world over, with the Henry W . Ba}Jcock, whose term of office will expire by limitation probability that our action would plunge the world in war. February 22, 1899. Mr. President, for one I am not unwilling to face the responsi­ PROMOTIONS IN TIIE NAVY . bilities of this treaty with all that its terms imply. We shall not Lieut. (Junior Grade) Volney 0 . Chase, to be a lieutenant in the put our hands upon that people oxcept to bless them. American Navy, from the 13th day of January, 18U!l (subject to the exami­ institutions mean liberty and not despotism, and our dealings nations required by law), vice Lieut. George T. Emmons. retired. with those islanders, be they brief or be they for all timo, can only Ensign William C. Cole, to be a lieutenant (junior grade) in the serve to lift them up nearer int9 the light of civilization and of Navy, from the 13th day of January, 1800, vice Lieut. Volney 0. Christianity. Chase, promoted. We have been told during this discussion that our occupancy Asst. Surg. l\Ioulton K. Johnson. to be a passed assistant surgeon of the Philippines would have a tendency to injure our own peo­ in the Navy. from the 12th day of November, 1898, to fill a vacancy ple and engender corruption among our own officers sent to gov­ existing in that grade. ern them. Mr. President, such a statement is llumiliating, and, I believe, untrue. In the large cities of this country municipal government is woefully bad, and it is bad solely because the peo­ ple living in these cities are negligent and unwilling to bear their HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. share in local administration. But outside those cities the civic SATURDAY, February 4, 1899. virtues of the people of the United States are of the highest char­ acter. Onr relations with those islands would be honorable and The House met at 12 o'clock m . Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. fair and just. We live in the light of publicity. We might make HENRY N . COUDEN. mistakes-we probably shall-but out of our government of those The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. islands those people. by our example and unuer our control. "Will DIGEST AND MANUAL. find themselves made more secure in their lives, their happiness, and the protection of their property. Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Spealier, I present a privileged report. Mr. President, it has also been frequently said in the progress of The Clerk read as follows: Resolved, That there be printeu 2,600 copios of the Digest and :Manual of this' discussion that our continued occupancy of those islands is the Rules and Practice of the Honse of Representatives for t he third session contrary to the spirit of American institutions. Who shall say of the Fifty-fifth Congress, the same to be bound and distributed under the this? This Republic represents the first and only experiment in direction of the 8peaker and Clerk of the Honse. absolute self-government by the Anglo-Saxon race, intermingled Mr. BAILEY. I should like to hear the last part of that reso- and reenforced by the industrious of all the countries of the Old lution. World. For more than a hundred years we have endured, and The resolution was again reported. every decade has brought us increasing strength and prosperity, Mr. BAILEY. Well, is that the usual resolution? and, it may be, an increasing tendency to greater bitterness in l\fr. PERKINS. That is the usual form, I will say to the gen­ our consideration of questions of internal policy. Who is to say tleman from Texas. that in the evolution of such a Republic as this the time has not Mr. DAlLEY. Are these copies of the book not placed to the come when the immense development of our internal resources credit of members? ana the marvelous growth of our domestic and foreign commerce Mr. PERKINS. They are always distributed through tho Clerk's and a realization of our virile strength have not stimulated that office. Anglo-Saxon restlessness which beats with the blood of the raco l\lr. BAILEY. If that is the usual course-- into an activity which will not be quenched until we have finally Mr. RICHARDSON. I will state, Mr. Speaker, that that is the planted our standard in that far-off archipelago which inevitable oxact form in which this resolution bas always been passed. These destiny has intrusted to our hands? documents go to the Clerk's room, and thEiy are distributed upon It may well be that this people have found, through the outlet application of members. · which the results of the war with Spain compelled us to take, the l\1r. BAILEY. My particular interest was from the fact that one course which shall lead to the perpetuity of our institutions in my own State, and in many States of the Union, the legisla­ and the safety and stability of the Republic. tures aro now in session, and there is an unusually large demand Time alone can determine and make clear the duty we owe our­ for the publication. selves and the people of the Philippines. To-day we face the ques­ Mr. RICHARDSON.· I wanted to say, Mr. Speaker, that I tion of rejecting or emasculating the conclusions solemnly reached never did understand why this document was not distributed by the commissioners of Spain and the United States or of stanu­ through the folding room the same as any other document, so that ing loyally by our Government. For myself there is but one path; a member would get his pro rata; but it never has been done. It to my vision that way alone lies honor. has always been the case that it went into tho Clerk's office, and rApplause in the ga.lleries.l was distributed in that way. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chair will caution tho occu- Mr. SIMPSON. I would like to ask the gentleman a question. 1452 CONGRESSIONAL :RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 4, ·

Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Speaker, I would like to state, in response President had approved ·and signed bills and joint resolutions of· to what the gentleman has said as to the advisability of distribut­ the following titles: ing these documents through the folding l'Oom instead of the On January 28, 1899: Clerk's office, that one purpose to be served is to supply new mem­ H. R. 2157. An act granting a pension to Herman Dellit; b ers. New members, of course, members-elect to the next Con­ H. R. 2981. An act granting an increase of pension to James W. gress, can not be reached through the folding room, and every Jackson; new member is anxious at as early a date as possible to receive a H. R. 795. An ac.t granting an increase of pension to William copy of the Digest and Rules. and the Clerk, having them at his · Henry Smith; disposal, can supply them. That occurs to me as one reason why H. R. 5798. An act granting an increase of pension to Samuel S. they should be distributed through the Clerk's office, as heretofore. Patterson; Mr. RICHARDSON. I think the reason suggested by my col­ H. R. 5463. An act granting an honorable discharge to Prentice lea-gue is a very good ono; but it does not insure that the new Holmes; members wou1d get them; because if any member desires to go H. R.1046. An act to correct the military record of James P. there and get a dozen copies, he would get them, or probably two McGee; dozen copies. There is no limit upon what members may get H. R. 2890. An act for the relief of R. E. Vaughn; when they go to the Clerk's office. If they went to the folding H. R.11716. An act making appropriations to supply urgent de­ room, they would be distributed pro rata. I make no objection. ficiencies in the appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 80 , This is the usual form, a form pursued for many years, and to 1899; and change this resolution would fail to· change the law, as this is a H. R. 6013. An act for the relief of J. R. Eggleston, of Hinds House resolution; and the distribution, if I am not mistaken. is in County, Miss. accordance with the act of January, 1895, known as the printing NOTE.-This bill was presented to the President on the 18th of law, which simply followed existing law, and a law which had January, 1899, and not having boon returned by him to tho House· been on the statute book for many years. I think there is no of Congress in which it originated within the ten days prescribed question but that this, being a simple House resolution, would not by the Constitution, it has become a law without his approval. change the existing law. The following bills were approved February 2. 1899: Mr. STEELE. I think, as a matter of fact, the Clerk does ap­ H. R. 104:.59. An act to amend section 5 of the act approved portion these documents to members . June 10, 1880, governing the immecliatetransportation of dutiable .Mr. BAILEY. I think that is true, and I have had no trouble goods without appraisement; in connection with the distribution through the Clerk's office. H. R. 8882. An act for the reestablishment and reconstruction l\fr. STEELE. Nor have I. of a light-house at or n ear mouth of Salem Creek, New Jersey. Mr. BAILEY. It just struck me as unusual. H. R. 581. An act for the relief of Oliver C. Bosbyshell, la to su-· l\Ir. RICHARDSON. It is unusual. It is not like any other perintendent United States mint at Philadelphia, Pa.; document. H. · R. 11019. An act to authorize the construction of a bridge Mr. PERKINS. I think the gentleman from Kansas wanted to across the Savannah River from the mainland of Chatham County, ask me a question. Ga., to Hutchinsons lslancl, in said county; Mr. SIMPSON. I would like to ask the gentleman-there was H. R. 11029. An act to change and fix the time for holding the some confusion, and I did not catch what rules these are that are district and circuit courts of the United States for the northern proposed to be printed. division of the eastern district of Tennessee; Ji.fr. PERKINS. The gentleman has a copy in his desk. H. R. 9l)55. An act to transfer the county of Menard, in the State Mr. SIMPSON. The rules of the Fifty-fifth Congress? of Texas, from the western district of Texas to the northern dis­ Mr. PERKINS. The rules of the Fifty-fourth Congress. trict of Texas, and for other purposes; and Mr. SIMPSON. The rules of the Fifty-fourth Congress. Then H. R. 5887. An act for the prevention of smoke in the District you print the rules of the Fifty-fourth Congress for the Fifty­ of Columbia, and for other purposes. fifth Congress? SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION REFERRED. Mr. PERKINS. They have been extended to this Congress; they are the rules under which the House is now working. Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV Senate joint resolution of the fol­ :Mr. SIMPSON. Then when are the new rules to be adopted? lowing title was taken from the Speaker's table and referred to Mr. DALZELL. At the next Congress. its appropriate committee as indicated below: Mr. SIMPSON. I would like to ask the gentleman from S. R: 187. Joint resolution authorizing the Secretary of the· Iowa-- Navy to have a monument erected in Havana, Cuba, to the Mr. PERKINS. The gentleman understands that "the gentle­ memory of the sailors and marines who lost their lives by the ex­ man from Iowa" is not a member of the Committee on Rules plosion of the U.S. S. Maine and are there buried-to the Com­ and his question is not pertinent. mittee on the Library. Mr. SIMPSON. You might have heard the question first. ADDITIONAL CLERKS TO COMMITTEE ON ENROLLED BILLS. Mr. PERKINS. I heard it. Mr. LOUD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for the Mr. SIMPSON. The gentleman merely anticipated my ques­ present consideration of House resolution 875.· tion. It is now nearly the close of the last session of this Con­ The Clerk read the resolution, as follows: gress, and we were promised in tlie extra session that we were to Resolved, That the chairman of the Committee on Enrolled Bills bo and have the rules for this Congress within thirty days. he hereby is, authorized to appoint two additional clerks to said colllIIllttee1 Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Speaker, I am unwilling to go into a dis­ for the remainder of the session, said appointments to date from January~. cussion of that matter. 1800. Mr. SIMPSON. We have got those old rules in the book, and Mr. HULL. Why is the date of January 20 fixed? we are w ithout new rules, and you aro going to give that dose to Mr. LOUD. That is the date fixed by the Committee on Ac- the new members of the Fifty-sixth Congress. counts. Mr. PERKINS. I do not mean to yield further, and demand Mr. HULL. Is that the date they were actually employed? the previous question. l\Ir. LOUD. It is. The resolution was agreed to. 1\Ir. BAILEY. The clerks have been employed since that date? On motion of Mr. PERKINS, a motion to reconsider the vote Mr. LOUD. They have, since the 20th of January. by which the resolution was agreed to was laid on the table. Mr. MERCER. I would like to inquire if this is a report by the Committee on Accounts? MESSAGE FROM TIIE SE:N'ATE. Mr. LOUD. It is; it was reported with a batch of other resolu­ A message from the Senate, by Mr. PLATT, one of its clerks, an­ tions, and it is actually an important and necessary matter. nounced that the Senate had passed joint resolution of the follow­ l\ir. MERCER. The gentleman from California objected to ing title; in which the concurrence of the House was requested: some similar resolution the other day, hut I will waive any objec­ S. R. 187. Joint resolution authorizing the Secretary of the tion I may have. Navy to have a monument erected in Havana. Cuba, to the mem­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the presentcomlideration ory of the sailors and marines who lost their lives by the explosion of the resolution? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. of the U. S. S. Maine and are there buried . . The resolution was agreed to. The messa-ge also announced that the Senate had passed without OUTRAGES UPON Al\IERICA.N CITIZENS IN CHINA, amendment the following resolution: l\fr. BROMWELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for Resolt'ed by the Rouse of R epresentati1:es (the Senate concurring), That tho President be r eRpectfully reriuested to return to the Ilouse of Representa­ the present consideration of House resolution of mquiry concern­ tives House joint resolution No. 298, now in his hands. ing outrages on American citizens in China. The Clerk read the resolution, as follows: MESSAGE FROM TllE PRESIDENT. . Resolved, That the Secretary of 8~1.te be, and he iR hereby, roquosted to A message in writing from the President of the United States commtmicate to the House of Representatives of the'Unite

of Pekin, China., by the :mbjects of tho Emperor of China, and what step8,entitled "Joint resolution from Colorado. It would simply correct a clerical error. of inquiry concerning outrages on American citizens in China." Mr. BELL. In accordance with the gentleman's suggestion, I WILLIAM McKINLEY. offer the amendment which I send to the desk. EXECUTIVE l\lANSION, February 4, 1899. The Clerk read as follows: The joint resolution (H. Res. 298) is as follows: .Amend the amendment of the committee by inserting aftor the word" of," That the President be, and he is hereh¥-, requested to communicate to in lino 2, page 3, the words "tho city of Victor, El Paso County, Colo., for the Congress, so far as the saJlle may be done without detriment to public inter­ use of said city." ests, all the information in his possession concerning certain alleged outrages committed UJ.>On the person of Bishop Earl Cranston and other .A.merica.n cit­ The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. izens in the city of Pekin, China by subjects of the Emperor of China, and The amendments as amended were adopted. what stops, if any, have been taken bv the State Depa tment in the matter of demanding suitable redress and indemnity therefor. The bill as amended was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time; and it was accordingly read the third time, and passed. The SPEAKER. Withoutobjection, thejointresolntion which Mr. BELL. I move to amend the title so as to rend: ''A bill has been returned by the President will lie on the table. granting to the mayor of the city of Victor, in the county of El There was no objection. Paso, State of Colorado, the right to enter certain la.nds. ,, Tbe resolution offered by Mr. BRO:MWELI, was then agreed to. The amendment was agreed to. GRANTING CERTAIN LANDS TO CITY OF VICTOR, COLO. On motion of 1\fr. BELL, a motion to reconsider the vote by Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for the which the bill was passed was laid on the table. present consideration of the bill (H. R. 11142) granting to the ORDER OF BUSINESS. city of Victor, in the county of El Paso and State of Colorado, Mr. MARSH. I move that the House resolve itself into Com­ certain lands therein described, for water reservoirs. mittee of the Whole on the state of the Union for the purpose of The Clerk read the bill, as follows: considering the bill (H. R. 11717) making appropriations for the Be it enacted, etc., That the following-described tracts of land, situate in the county of El Paso and State of Colorado, namely: The NE. t of the NE. t support of the Military Academy for the fiscal year ending- June of the SE. t of section 3; thd E. i of the SE. t of the NE. t of section 3; the 30, 1900. Before that motion is put. I ask that general debate in NW. t of the NW. t of the SW. t of section 2: the SW. t of the NW. t of sec­ Committee of the Whole be limited to ten minutes. tion2; the W.t of the SE. tof the NW. t of section2; the NE. t of the SE. t of the NW. tof section 2; the SE. tof the NE. toftheNW. tof section2; the NW. Mr. HAY. There is no objection to that request, I nnclerstand, t of the NE. t of section 2, all in township 15 south, range G!l west of the Sixth on the part of the minority of the committee. principal meridi.n.n, and containing 100 acres of la.nd, more or less, be and the Mr. COX. This bill, with some immaterial amendments, has same are here by, granted and convoyed to the said city of Victor, in the county of El Paso and State of Colorado, to have and to hold said lands to its use been· unanimously reported by the committee, and I make no ob­ and behoof forever for purposes of water storage and supply of its water­ jection to the request of the gentleman from Illinois [:Mr. lliRSH]; works. And for said purposes said city i;hall forever have the right, in its but I hope that in the Committee of the Whole he will give the discretion, to control and use any and all parts of the premises herein con­ voyed, in the construction of reservoirs, laying of such pipes and mains, and House a succinct statement of the provisions of the bill. That in makin~ such improvements as may be necessary to utilize the \vaters con will be satisfactory to me, and, I think, to all the minority mem­ tained in any natural or constructed re~ervoirs UJ?On the said premises. bers of the committee. SEC. 2. 'rhat if the city of Victor shall at any time after the construction Mr. if of reservoirs on the land described in section 1 of this act abandon the sameil Mr. BL.AND. Speaker. I ask unanimous consent that or cease to use the same for water storage, the land herein described sha this bill should be . completed by half past 2 o'clock the cere­ revert to the Government of the United States of America. The survey of monies connected with the reception of the statues of Benton and the lands so granted shall be made under tho direction and approval of the Blair from the State of Missouri shall begin at that time. War Department. The ::::>PEAKER. Is there objection to the request that general The amendments reported by the committee were as follows: debate in Committee of the Whole be limited to ten minutes? Strike out all after the word "two," in line 13 on page 1, and all of line 1 There was no objection. and down to and including the word "section," in line 2, on page 2, a.nd insert in lien thereof the following: "southeast quarter lot 3, section 2, and lot 2 in The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Missouri asks that if this soction 2." bill should be completed by half past 2 o'clock the services under Strike out the word "sixty," in line 4-, page 2, and insert in lieu thereof the special order for to-day may then begin. Is there objection? "fifty-seven and twenty-seven one-hundredths." Strike out all of said bill beginning with and after the word "be," in line Tho Chair hears none. · 5, pago 2, a.nd insert in lieu thereof the followin~: "may be entered by the MILITARY A.CA.DEMY A.PPROPRIATIO~ DILL. mnror of said city, subject to the legal rjghts of others, if any, upon paying Sl.2.1 per acre and the usual fees therefor, and a patent shall issue therefor The motion of Mr. MARSH was then a.a-reed to; and the House as in other cll.Ses." accordingly resolved itself into Committee of the Whole on the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present considera­ state of the Union (Mr. HEPBURN in the chair) and proceeded to tion of this bill? the consideration of the bill (H. R. 11717) making appropriations Mr. STEELE. I would like to ask the gentleman from Colo­ for the support of the .l\Iilitary Academy fo1· the fiscal year ending rado [Mr. BELL] what is the value of the land in question and June 30, 1900. whether the Secretary of the Interior consents to this transfer? Mr. MARSH. I ask unanimous consent that the first reading Mr. BELL. He does. The land is about 11,000 feet above sea of the bill be dispensed with. level, being a gorge of Beaver Creek, where the city of Victor, at There was no objection . an expense bf about S18,000, has built a dam for the purpose of .l\1r. MARSH. .Mr. Chairman, this bill carries $G01,817.01 for supplying the city with water. The water is now obtained from the expenses of the Military Academy for the n ext fiscal year. If there for the city, but the people of the city are fearful that in gentlemen will refer to the report accompanying the bill they will the mining excitement in that region, although this particular find that this appropriation is larger than any appropriation made tract is outside of the mining country, some one may come in and for the same purpose during the last four years. locate a claim there which will interfere with the dam and the It is about $122,000 larger than the bill which was passed in water supply of tbe city. 18VS. This increase is largely, and almost wholly, I may say, The Department recommended the bill as originally introduced, made up of three separate items: one, an item of 870,000 for a providing that the city should have perpetual use of this body of library building, for renovating the building by reconstructing land while used to accommodate this water supply. In that form the entire present building and converting it into a. modernly the Department said there was no objection whatever to the meas­ equipped library building. This is necessary, and the appropria­ ure. But the Committee on Public Lands hns reported the bill in tion was deemed to be a proper one by the committee. The other a fo:t:m requiring the city to purchase the land, just as a person item is $215,000 for the purp0se of furnishing the new memorial would be required to do and under similar circumstances, and we hall building. are- willing to comply with this requirement and pay $1.25 per This new memorial hall building has just been completed. It acre for the land and expenses of entry. I is the result of a gift from the late General 1\1cCollom, some four­ Mr. SHAFROTH. As a member of the Committee on Public teen or fifteen years ago, and cost about $250,000 for its construc­ Lands, I wish to say that the committee, after consideration, de­ tion. The Government has bad possession of that sum of money­ cided to enforce in this case the rule which has been uniformly $250,000-for some twelve or fourteen years, and the building hllS 1454 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 4, just now been completed, but can not be occupied until provision The Clerk read as follows: is made for light and furnishing, which is proposed to be provided Interest on retained pay due enlisted men, S2QO. by the proposition in this bill. The committee think that the l\Ir. LLOYD. I should like to ask the chairman of the commit­ appropriation should unhesitatingly be made, especially as the tee, for the information of myself and others, what is meant by building itself is in fact a gift to the Government. The amount that paragraph-interest on retained pay due enlisted men. of money given by General McCollom for this purpose was ex­ Mr. MARSH. The law provides that a soldier can allow his pended by the Government in the construction of the building. pay to remain in the hands of the Government, and he draw·s in­ Then there is another appropriation of between eight and nine terest upon it under regulations and restrictions prescribed by thousand dollars for a refrigerator plant, for ice-making purposes law. This is the estimate to cover the amount that it is thought in the cadets' mess hall. It will be noted that the estimates for will be necessary. this work are $100; but that estimate applies exclusively to the Mr. LLOYD. To cover the interest to be paid on retained pay? repair of this refrigerator. On a careful and full investigation of Mr. .MARSH. Yes. It is merely an estimate to cover that, and the facts by your committee they felt warranted in reporting to ordinarily it is about correct. the House that it was better to tear out the old one. and put in a The Clerk read as follows: new machine that would embrace not only the refrigerator plant, but also the ice-making machinery as well. By means of this Traveling allowances to enlisted men on discharge, $600. pure wat.er can be furnished to the cadets. Mr. DOCKERY. This bill seems to boa substantial reproduc­ These three items, Mr. Chairman. make up pretty much all the tion of existing law, but the item just read is a m~w one. I should difference between the amount carried by the present bill and that be glad to have the gentleman in charge of the bill explain it. appropriated in tho bill for 1898; and as these various items are Mr. MARSH. T:::aveling allowances to enlisted men on dis­ reached in the consideration of the bill by paragraphs, such infor­ charge? mation as the committee is able to give to tho members will be Mr. DOCKERY. Yef;. As I understand it, that seems to be a cheerfully given if desired. new item. , I ask for the reading of the bill. Mr. MARSH. I think that is a very old item. Soldiers who J\Ir. COX. Will my friend yield to me for a moment? are discharged are always allowed traveling expenses home. Mr. MARSH. How much time have I remaining? Mr. DOCKERY. The item may have appeared in bills prior to The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman has five minutes. the current law, but the item is not in the current law. · Mr. COX. I only want two minutes. l\Ir. MARSH. I will tell you why it may not be there, because Mr. MARSH. I yield four minutes to my friend from Ten­ there may have been no one to be discharged in the last fiscal year. nessee. This is an estimate to defray this expense on account of those sol­ Mr. COX. I do not want that much time. I only wish to make diers who will be entitled to discharge next year. a single remark. Mr. DOCKERY. I thank the gentleman fo1· the information. In the examination of this bill as it went through the commit­ lVIr. COX. l should like to ask one question. tee, I do not think that any more care could possibly have been The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Tennessee. bestowed on a bill of any kind and under any circumstances. Mr. COX. Is the discussion here for the purpose of informing Not that the bill is a very great one or involved any unusual tho gentloman from Missouri, my friend [Mr. DOCKERY] , whether study, but every item was carefully examined and thoroughly and or not the committe9 understood what they were doing? fully considered by the members of the committee, and I feel pre­ Mr. MARSH. I will say to my friend-­ pared to say to the House, so far as my judgment is concerned, Mr. COX. Oh, do not answer it. Let it go. that we could not have done better than we did in the preparation Mr. lvlARSH. I think my friend from Missouri was perfoctly and report of the bill to the House. I believe the House can rely right in asking the question, becauso that provision was not in the upon the committee in this regard, and adopt the provisions of the bill last year. bill without question. Mr. COX. But the gentleman frorri Missouri seems to super­ There were of course criticisms of some items in the committee. vise every bill that comes into this Houso. That necessarily and always arises. And there was some con­ Mr. DOCKERY. But not the gentleman from Tennessee. I sumption of time in the committee on various items. should dislike to undertake that. I think I may say, as a member of the committee reporting the 1\fr. COX. You will not supervise me, and I do my duty on the bill, that it is the best bill which has been reported, as far as my committee as well as you do yours, and I know what this bill is. information goes. The minority of the committee, I am glad to Of course, I do not object, but I have sat here for six years, and say, attended every session and _gave full and careful considera­ every time a bill comes in here from the committee the gentleman tion to all of the items of the bill. asks a great many questions about it. I think a gentleman as in­ That is all I desired to say. telligent and: honest as he is should stop his criticisms, when the The Clerk read as follows: minority of this committee have not made a single objection to For pay of one adjutant in addition to pay as second lieutenant, not this bill, except what they fought out of the bill, !mocking down mounted, $'600. the appropriation nearly a hundred thousand dollars. I do not l\1r. DOCKERY. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last like this sort of indirect criticism, and I would not tolerate it from word for the purpose of inquiring as to the necessity for this ap­ anybody but my friend from Missouri, who always knows every­ propriation. It seems to be an entirely new item. I suppose, of thing. course, there is some reason for it. Mr. DOCKERY. Mr. Chairman, I believe it is my province, Mr. MARSH. I suppose the gentleman refers to this item of and the duty of every member of the House, to seek information $600? as best he can. Certainly it is the duty of the gentleman in charge Mr. DOCKERY. Yes: is that not an increase of salary? of a bill to furnish it, and the gentleman from lllinois [Mr. MARSH] Mr. MARSH. It is an increase of pay. And the committee think in charge of the bill has very courteously responded to all requests it a very proper increase. for information. Mr. DOCKERY. Well, I do not undertake to question the Mr. COX. Just one word. There is no doubt about that. gentleman's judgment, but I would like to have some explanation Every mombor of tho committee will treat you the same way, but of it. ~ do suggest to you that when you ask a question, as you did ask Mr. MARSH. If t.he gentleman will turn to page 2 of the hear­ JUSt a moment ago, do you presume that nobody on tho committee ings before the committee, he will find that Colonel Mills testifies understands it but yourself? · that the 12.w fixes the pay of the adjutant of the Army as that of The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will read. a captain, and last year the position was filled by a captain, so The Clerk read as follows: that at that time, of course, it made no differonce, and there was For extrn. pay of ono enlistod man employed as wntchmn.n, at&; cents por day, $li5.57: no necessity for the appropriation. But this year the place is Por extra pay of ono enlisted man employed o.s trumpeter at the cadet filled by a second lieutenant, ancl this increases the pay as pro­ barracks, at 85 cents per day, $127.75. vided by the law. He is performing the duty of a captain, in other words. Mr. HAY. I desire to call the attention of the gentleman from Mr. HULL. That is to say, it is not an increase in the pay, but Illinois to two items on page G, one of which reads: For extra pay of one enlisted man employed as watchman, at 33 cents per makes the pay conform to the law? day, $17G.57. Mr. MARSH. That is correct. The Clerk read as follows: Right below it is another item which reads: or pay of the 1llilitary Academy band, field musicians, general army scrv· For extra pay of one enlisted man employed as trumpeter at tho ca.dot bar· ice, cavalry detachment, ancl enlisted men on detached service, and extra pay racks, at 35 cents per day, $127.75. for enlisted men on special duty. That ought to be$175.57, instead of $127. 75. I therefore move to Mr. STEELE. There is a letter left out in the first line of that amend the bill in order to make tho figures agree. paragraph, and I moye that it be inserted. l\fr. STEELE. In lines 21 and 22, it should be $127.25, instead The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the letter "F" will be of $175. inserted. Mr. HAY. At 85 cents a day it ought to be ono or the other. 1899. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1455

l\fr. STEELE. At 35 cents a day it would be $127.25, instead of Mr. DOCKERY. Mr. Chairman-- 8175. That gives him pay for every day in the year-three hun­ Mr. HAY. I notice the amount is not in the bill, dred and sixty-five days. J\fr. l\1ARSH. In lines 21 and 22, for continuing constr-µ.ction of l\ir. MARSH. Mr. Chairman-- breast-high wall in dangerous places, immediately after "places," The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Virginia has the floor. I movo to insert the words "five hundred dollars." That was Mr. HAY. I yield to the gentleman from Illinois. agreed upon by the committee, but does not appear in the bill, Mr. MARSH. On line 21, page 6, if the committee will allow The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendment. us to go back, I would suggest, in lines 21 and 22, that $175.57 be The Clerk read as follows: stricken out and $127.75 inserted. After tho word " places," in line 22, insQrt the words "five hundred The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendment. dollars." The Clerk read as follows: The amendment was agree(] to. Lines 21and22, page 6, strike out "$175.57" and insert "$127.75." Mr. HULL. Mr. Chairman, I think the Board of Visitors was opposed to this appropriation. It is oue that has been asked for The amendment was agreed to. a great many times. Tbey have an operating room there that is The Clerk read as follows: wn.ybeyoud the average operating room. They want an especially Taking out old dryin~ room in cadet laundry, putting in new metal dry­ fine one, but I think, with the number of operations they have at ing room with outer casmg of heavy galvanized corrugated iron, inner frame of heavy galvanized channel, angle, and T-iron, securely bolted and fastened, West Pojnt, wbat they have there is ample. I made special in­ inside packing to be of asbestos, with all the latest improvements in racks, quiries when I was on the Board of Visitors, and I think my friend panels, etc., complete in all respects, to be immediately available $1.150. from Illinois [Mr. BELKNAP] was on the board the year before, ~Ir. FOOTE. Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask the committee and it is rather a raro thing fort.hem to have an operation at all. in regard to this laundry. I see that they have for the laundry If it is a broken leg or anything of that kind, they have an ouerat- $2,740, and it is only a part of the laundry then; and here there ing room that is ample. • are several propositions that these things shall be obtained with­ If it is even an operation for appendicitis, which is about the out advertising. I would like to know about that. It is on page only thing that can happen there outside of a broken leg, the 20, Mr. Chairman. operating room is ample, and I do not believe it is necessary to Mr. MARSH. As far as the laundry is concerned, tbe evidence expend this money in fitting up an operating room simply for op­ before the committee is that the present laundry is in very bad erating purposes. While I am in hearty sympathy with my com­ repair, and on the hearing before the committee, the committee mittee on all things, I was not present at the hearing, and I would were unanimously in favor of making these provisions on the like to hear from my colleague, who was acting chairman of the ground of economy and on the ground of expedition. In the sum­ committee, what were the actual facts at the hearing, and if there mer time these boys wear white clothes, and the amount of wash­ were any new facts developed for its necessity. This appropriation ing and laundry work there is very heavy. has been asked for for eight years, and invariably it has been Mr. FOOTE. I want to know particularly what they mean by stricken out by the committee. "without advertising." Mr. MARSH. Mr. Chairman, this is an appropriation that per­ Mr. MARSH. That is not in this paragraph. tains to the health of the inmates of that school, and the attend­ Mr. FOOTE. It is all through here, page 20, in line 21 and ants and employees there. I will read the testimony at the hearing line 24. before the committee in favor of this amendment of this clause in Mr. l\IARSH. We have not got to line 21. the bill: Mr. FOOTE. It is also in line 12, page 22. Mr. Cox. What is that for? Mr. MARSH. In line 12? Colonel MILLS. There is no operating room thore now, anu ono is necessary. Mr. FOOTE. Line 12, on the next page. Now, that was stated before the committee without any contra- Mr. MARSH. We have not reached that. When we come to diction from anybody, and my colleague from Illinois [Mr. BEL- it I will be glad to answer. KNAP] was present at the time. · l\ir. FOOTE. Would it not take less time to answer now? l\Ir. BELKNAP. I think the gentleman is mistaken. I think l\fr. MARSH. On what page? Line 21, you say. he will find that I asked questions later on which developed the For one tumbler for mangle, connected and in working order, to be imme- true situation. diately available and to be expended without advertising, $135. Mr. l\IARSH. I will read on further: That fixture of the machine. Mr. HAY. How many operations per year do you ha.ve? is a Colonel MILLS. Tho operations are few; but only the othor day there wns Mr. FOOTE. I understand that exactly. a cadet opcra.tod upon by the surgeons for hernia. You know that that is a Mr. MARSH (continuing). And there is only one concern that critical operation; and while those cases will not occur often they are liable to occur a.t any timo, and there should be a proper place for the treatment of can supply this repair. It is like a mowing machine,. If you such cases. have a McCormick machine, nobody but McCormick can furnish Mr. BELKNAP. You have what is called an operating room now? the repair. Colonel MILLS. Yes, sir· but it is simply a large ward. Mr. BELKNAP. I remember that in one corner of the hospital there v;as an Mr. HULL. I will say that so far as these item& are concerned operating table or couch. the sums are so small that no harm can result. Colonol MILLS. Yes, sir. Mr. HAY. It will cost about as much to advertise as it will to Mr. BELIL'i.AP. Since we are going to have items h e1·0 which are absolutely buy the repair. essential, from my persona.I investigation of that room I think you can get along with what you have. Mr. FOOTE. That is what I wanted to know. Colonel MILLS. There is no proper operating room there now. There has Mr. MARSH. These repairs can not be furnished by anybody been a change in the surgeons since you have been there. but one concern that made this machine. Mr. GmFh'IN. We have said that same thing about this item before, and have been putting it off. There is this to be said: Tha.t the medical profession Mr. HULL. Now, on this item "for two 28-inch solid curb at large, in their private offices, have procured these modern instruments extractors, $340." It is the same with that. These are all for and appliances; and during all this time tho :Military Academy has been very small sums, where tho advertising would be a very consid­ obliged to confine itself to old appliances, and it can not keep abreast of the medical profossion generally. erable expense. Mr. HAY. 'l'his item does not specify what t hey a.ro going to put up. Is it Mr. MARSH. That is right. for surgical instrument'3? The Clerk read as follows: Colonel MILLS. No, sir. They are all supplied; but it will be for fitting un an operating room with tho most modern appliances, so that there will be no Buildings and grounds, Military Aca

tigation they ought to have a first-class operating room. There has to West Point; and no harm can come from letting thi"I matter go been a great advance in recent years in surgery, and the preven­ over now; and then if he should visit the institution and will tion of germs, the cleaning of the room. the cleansing of instru­ state on his judgment that this appropriation is necessary, I shall ments which this will provide for is an advance step in that direc­ bo heartily in favor of it. But I think wo should not mako the tion. appropriation until we have the judgment of some Board of Visit­ Not only does it provide for the surgical operating room, but it ors that it is necessary. I think that without such recommenda­ provides an additional room adjacent to it in which the patient tion the appropriation should bo struck: out; but I shall not sub­ who has been operated upon may be placed so as not to bring him mit that motion. I content myself with having called attention wounded, as he is. in contact with other patrnnts in the hospital. to the matter. I believe, Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, that this provision ought Mr. HAY. :Mr. Chairman, I hope that this provision will not to remain in this bill. be stricken from the bill. I do not like to disagree with thB Mr. FOOTE. I would like to ask the gentleman how many chairman of our committee, but it does soem to me that in all operations have been performed there the last year. matters of health these cadets and the soldiers stationed at this Mr. MARSH. That question was asked Colonel Mills. He post should be carefully guarded. If there is anything that we said not many, but he said they had one only last week, an opera­ know to be tTue, it is that in surgical operations it is of most tion for hernia. Now, an operation to cure hernia is of recent essenti::i.l importance that no disease germs shonld come near practice, and is one of the most delicate operations known to the patient operated on. The testimony on tho hearings before surgery. • the committee was that the room now used as an operating room Mr. FOOTE. Do they have to have a particular room for it? is wholly incapable of meeting the health conditions of which the :Mr. MARSH. No man knows when a young man from his dis­ chairman has spoken. 1 trict m ay have a broken leg or some other trouble that will make This is merely and entirely a provision for the bealth of those it necessary that an operation shall be performed upon him. I students. I do not care how many operations theie may be there say that if there is any institution in the country, publ.ic or pri­ during a yea.r. If you have only one operation during that period, vate, maintained by the public Treasury or by private corporation and by reason of the fact that a proper operating room is not pro­ that ought to be first class, it is the institution at West Point, vided, the operation should prove unsuccessful and the cadot whero we send from every Congressional district in this country should die for want of the provision now sought to be made, the for four years the picked young men of the nation. failure of Congress to appropriate this pittance of $2,400 to protect Mr. HULL. Mr. Chairman, I heartily agree with all my col­ the health of those boys could not be excused; when no lon~er ago· league has said as to maintaining a splendid hospital at West than last Thursday you appropriated $29,000,000 for rivers and Point, and I think we have it. The proposed appropriation here harbors and creeks-half of which, I venture to sn.y, will never be has nothing to do with the care of the healtll of the cadet, except of any use to the country at all. I hope, therefore, that this pro­ the building of an additional operating room. I am sorry my col­ vision, which looks to tho health of the cadets, will be kopt in the league did not go to West Point last June. I wanted him to go, bill. for he was chairman of the subcommittee that is in charge of the I trust that my friend from Illinois [Mr. BELKNAP], a member WeRt Point Military Academy, anu I believe if he had gone there of the Board of Visitors, who was present in the committee room he would not have been in favor of this appropriation. They have at the time this m atter -came up, will state to the Honse the fact a good operating room there, better than the average operating that he thought this provision ought to bo incorporated in the bill. room attached to the medical colleges out West. Mr. BELKNAP. Responding to tho remarks of my friend It is now fitted up with tables, with electric lights, with water from Virginia [Mr. HAY], my colleague on the committee, I beg appliances, with antiseptic arrangements, with everything neces­ to say that if he will refer to the printed reports of tho hearings he sary to prevent the very evils of which my friend speaks. And will find that I stated to Colonel Mills-I quote from the Teport of there bas never been a Board of Visitors to West Point, within the hearings- my knowledge, that have not reported against this appropriation. Since wo are going to have items hero which n.ro absolutely essontfal, from When I visited the Academy, I asked specifically how many opera­ my personal investigation of that room I think you can get along with what tions they had had, and the only one. I think. that they had had you have. for three years was the setting of a broken leg, or something of that kind. The committee voted for the appropriation. Personally I was Now, that room is, in my judgment, ample for the needs of the opposed to it; but naturally, being outvoted, 1 submitted. institution. So far as the appliances are concerned, they are all Mr. HAY. Was there a vote taken? modern. What the officers want there is a handsomer room, prac­ l\1r. BELKNAP. I think not; the matter was passed without tically a new building. This entire appropriation, if you make it, a formal vote. As a member of the Board of Visitors, I remember ·, will be expended, not in improved appliances. but in building a distinctly having made a close investigation in regard to this roum adjoining the room they now have-in the rear of it-and operatin,., room in company with the surg-eon in charge. fitting it up with tile floor!:!. The present room has not such floor­ It has been well stated that this appropriation has been sought ing; it has a hard-wood floor. But everything is scrupulously for many years by some of the officials at the West Point Academy. clean and admirably kept. But when the gentleman asks me what I think of the matter, I So far as concerns the supposed necessitY, of having a room in concludo, from my best judgment and observation, that the estab­ which persons subjected to surgical operations may bo kept sep­ lishment now provided for there is sufficient to meet all present arate from the other cadets, they have such room now. Immedi­ wants. I am informed that it affords all of the facilities that may ately after a man is operated on. he can be taken into one of the be necessary for West Point. rooms and kept apart from the other cadets. Now, .M:r. Chairman, I want the needs of our splendid national I am not criticising this appropriation. I know that the super­ Military Academy fully and wisely provided for. 'rhis bill is larger intendent of"the Academy has for years been in favor of it, because than usual, as has already been stated. We have made appropria­ it will add to the beauty of the buildings on the grounds and will tions for certain purposes that we think are absolutely necessary; give a more elaborate operating room. but I do not think, as far as I can sea, that it would interfere at Mr. DOCKERY. Does the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. HuLL] all with the health of the young men at the Academy or that there propose to strike out the appropriation? will be a lack of facilities for the performance of the necessary Mr. MARSH. I think a remark dropped by my friend from surgical operations at the Academy if this proposed appropriation Iowa is calculated to create a false impression. The gentleman is stricken out. I wish to make that remark without the slightest sajd that this appropriation contemplates the erection of an ad­ criticism, of course, on the gentlemen of the committee who have ditional building. favored it. I speak only from my own judgment and observa­ Mr. HULL. That is my recollection of what the officers stated tion. I was present when it was put into the bill, but the records to me when I was there. show to the House that I expressed my opposition at the time, Mr. MARSH. It does not. feeling that it was not necessary. · :Mr. HULL. It contemplates an additional room adjoining the .Mr. GAINES. Now, Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask tho present one. gentleman if he will yield to me for one or two questions? Mr. MARSH. It does not contemplate the building of an ad­ Mr. BELKNAP. Certainly. ditional room, but the fixing up of two rooms in the existing Mr. GAINES. I understand the gentleman to say that he went building. to West Point and made a personal investigation of this matter, .M.r. HULL. I appeal to my friend f:rom Illinois whether it is and concluded that it was not necessary to make this appropria· not contemplated to erect an additional room? tion? Mr. MARSH. No. . Mr. BELKNAP. That is correct. Mr. HULL. That is the way it was explained to me. Mr. GAINES (continuing). And that the gentleman has been Mr. MARSH. That is not the way it was explained before the there repeatedly? committee. l\fr. BELKNAP. Yes. Mr. HULL. I suggest to my friend that, as he will be a mem­ Mr. GAINES. Did you ever hear a complaint of the insuffi­ ber of the next Congress, he should be one of the Board of Visitors ciency of the accommodations for surgic~l operations? 1899. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. · 145.7

:Mr. BELKNAP. I have not. bend that my information of a medical and surgical character will'- Mr. GAINES. And you went to this particular room, with the compare.with theirs. · imrgeon in charge, as I understand you, and that room, in your l\Ir. BELKNAP. We agree to that. judgment, is sufficient to meet -the present wants of the hospital _Mr. QUIGG. I do not think that their testimony nor mine is there? the testimony on which the House ought to act, but that the testi- :Mr. BELKNAP. Ithinkitis. The average sickness, of com·Re, ruony on which it ought to act is the testimony of the surgeon at is about the same as in most other establishments where so many West Point. He is presumed to know his business, and he may be persons are congregated. · safely presumed also to have at heart thegootl of the service. He ..l\fr. GAINES. About how large is the room? wants an operating room that is just as good as any other operat- :M.r. BE LKNAP. Thirty feet square. I should say. ing room in a hospital, and surely that is what he is eutitletl to. Mr. HAY. If I am not mistaken, Colonel Mills said that it was Now, accidents of a very severe character do occur at West large enough only for the operations to be performed, and tllat Poi,nt. I do not think they are frequent. On the contrm·y, I be­ afterwards the patients had to be taken out into a separate room. lieve them to be very rare; but the cavalry drill there invites a l\Ir. H ULL. That is true of all operating rooms in hospitals. good many accidents, and they do occur, and on t he very day The patients are operated upon, but they are i:iot kept in that when my attention h appened to be directed to this room, and as a room. They are removed elsewhere. reason why it was directed, I saw a young- man taken from the .Mr. GAINES. From my own observation and experience in cavalry-practice room-I do not know what tlrny call it, the sta­ hospitals, I will state that the operating room is an entirely sepa- b1e. perhaps-into the operating room, there to have a very severe rate room from the surgical ward. The operation is performed in and serious operation performed. Now, I do not know whether an operating room. and the patient is afterwards removed from this room is what it ought to be or not. I can not bear testim ony that room to the other. to that; Lut I do bear testimony to the fact that the surgeon in l\fr. HAY. To the surgical ward. charge says that the opening of a human body in that room is a Mr. GAINES. Yes; to the surgical ward. And this provision, serious danger. as I understand it, is to be an entirely new room, fitt ed up with J.\1r. HULL. It is in any room. hard-wood floors, and all sorts of "banjo work" about it, and Mr. QUIGG. Yes. it is in any room. does not seem, as far as we are able now to ascertain, at all neces- l\1r. GAINES. Will the gentleman state why? sary. Has any other member of the committee been to West Mr. QUIGG. The gentleman from Iowa says it is a serious Point and examined the conditions there? dauger in any room, but the surgeon there info!·ms us that the l\f.r. BELKNAP. The chairman of the committee was there. health conditions of the room are not good. Now. l do not know Mr. GAINES. Did you visit the particular room? anything about it, but that is tho t estimony of your surgeon in Mr. MARSH. I said so. charge of the room. and surely his testimony is the be t you can A l\1E.:\IBER. But the Board of Visitors, it seemR, were opposed have. Now, a gentleman on the committee says that tbero is dan- to the appropriations? ger in any room. So there is; but surely, gentlemen, it is our b si- Mr. BELKNAP. Mr. Chairman, I wish to be perfectly frank ness to reduce the danger to a minimum. I am very glad that with gentlemen present. I received the impression-and I do not the committee have recommended this item. thinkitis unreasonable- on the part of the surgeon that he wanted l\1r. CLARDY. I should like to ask the gentleman how this this additional room. But! as I have stated, I did not see the room is finished? necessity for it at present. Mr. QUIGG. It is a hard-wood finish • .Mr. GAINE8. And in that I think the gentleman is right. Mr. CLARDY. All of it? Mr. HAY. Before the gentleman from Illinois takes his seat, I l\1r. QUIGG. Yes. would like to aak him one question. Mr. CLARDY. Then how can it be dangerom1? Do you not think when an operation is performed or when the Mr. QUIGG. Why, it ought to he a tile finish. physicians are ready to perform it that they should have some Mr. CLAH.DY. That might be some better. But I should like sort of a place where they could operate with some degree of cer- to know how many capital operations are usually performed at tainty? West Point during a year. .Mr. GAINES. But they have a place for operating now. Mr. QUIGG. I have no idea. Mr. HAY. But this appropriation is also to provide for neces- Mr. CLARDY. Is there one, on an·average? sary surgical instruments. l\1r. QUIGG. If ther e is one during a century, we ought to Mr. GAINES. Oh, the very best surgical operations in the provide for the safety of that one. world have been performed on the field of battle with very plain Mr. CLARDY. That is true, but the gentleman has already instruments. stated that tha.t room is finished in hard wood, and consequently l\1r. BELKNAP. According to m y observation, I think they it ought to be reasonably safe. have facilities now. .Mr. GAINES. Will the gentleman yield to me? Mr. DOCKERY. The gentleman has been connected for along l\lr. QUIGG. I will in a minute. It ought to be as nearly ab- time with the Military Committee, and four of the members vis- solutely safe as we can make it. The gentleman can not dispute itcd the l\!iht::Lry Academy. As I understand him, two of them that. who visited West Point

XXXII-92 1458 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 4,

reference to the size, that it was sufficiently equipped, and that Mr. MARSH. I want to submit from the Book of Estimates on therefore he opposes this m easure. They say that the sanitary this subject: conditions are not good, but the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. It is proposed to convert one of the rooms in the hospital into an operating BELKNAP] says he heard of no unusual amount of illness there. room and in its construction to make it conform to all the requirements of l\1r. COX. Will my colleague yield to me for one moment? modern surgical technology in the treatme:at of diseases and injuries, as there is not now in this hospital a place suitable for the performance of surgical Mr. GAINES. Yes. work under strict aseptic and antiseptic conditions and in accordance with l\Ir. COX. I want to know who that man was. the high standard of excellence which surgeons now strive to attain in the Mr. GAINES. The gentleman from lllinois [l\Ir. BELKNAP] repair of injuries and operation wounds. was there, the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. HULL] was there, and Now, in addition to that, there appeared in the hearings beforo they were all opposed to this. the committee the following: Mr. COX. Pardon me one .moment- This opera ting room- Mr. GAINES. Now, Mr. Chairman, I would like to yield to my And I call the attention of the gentleman from Iowa (Mr. HULL] colleague, but- to this, who thinks it is proposed to build a new addition- Mr. COX. l hope my colleague will not object to my asking This operating room is very necessary, and this appropriation is n ecessary him this question. to secure for this hospital a proper place for performing operations in accord­ The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Tennessee declines to ance with the teachings of modern surgical science. Whereas ope1·a tions on yield. cadets are not of daily or very frequent occurrence, yet important operations Mr. GAINES. I withdraw the objection. are required here. There should be a proper place for their performance. Mr. COX. I want to know what member of the committee­ This is a statement of the surgeon there in charge. the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. BELKNAP] or any other gentle­ To-day- man-has been there and stated to him that the operating room is sufficient. I want to know of my colleague the gentleman from He says- Illinois [l\fr. BELIL~AP] if he ever said anything of that sort? I have had to perform a ~ery important operation on a cadet, namely, tho Bassini operation for the radical cure of inguinal hernia. 'l'ho r oom that we Mr. BELKNAP rose. are now r equired to uso is far too large, having- been constructed originally Mr. GAINES. I move to strike out the last word. for a squad room for enlisted men of the Hospital Uorps. It is proposed to Mr. COX. You will have to move to strike out about fourteen convert a room of just tho proper size in the third story into an operating room, and to r eturn the men of the Hospital Corps to the prec;ent operating of these words. room, as originally intended for their squad r oom, and to use the r oom ad­ The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman's time has expired. joining the proposed operating room, at present occupietl by them, for a Mr. COX. I hope my colleague will let us get down to the surgical ward. Surgical patfonts after operation shoultl u e kept separate point. from tho general wards. The CHAIRMAN. The committee will bs in order. That is all I care to submit, Mr. Chairman. Mr. GAINES. I hope that my colleague will see the point when Mr. GAINES. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last we do get to it. I do not want to be interrupted, and I hope that word. When my time expired I was about to state that this sol­ I may be indulged uninterruptedly for one moment or so to state dier was taken to a regimental hospital, and there he was unat­ this. It is said that its hygienic conditions are not good. That tended for three weeks; not a single physician came near Lim, does not mean that that tiling must be put down, that a piano and finally, when General Wood was m aking his fortunate mili­ must be brought in, and all this banjo work that New York or tary pilgrimages around to see whether these lazy whelps had Philadelphia or even Nashville surgeons might want. If we want omitted to do their duty, he found this unfortunate soldier in this to yield to the wants of these expe1·ts throughout this country, all condition, and immediately ordered his discharge, and he bears the demands they make on the Treasury of the United States to with him to-day an honorable discharge. He is in Washington equip all these quarters with all that sort of unnecessary para­ without money, without friends save such as he has made since phernalia, we would have a larger deficit in the public Treasury he came here. I never saw to know him before he came to me for than we now have. I say that it is not necessary; but I shall not advice and assistance, although his home is in Nash ville, Tenn. discuss this point further. He went in company with me to see tho Pension Commissioner I ask the House to hear me for a moment on another matter that and applied for a pension. The Uommissioner kindly aided us all pertains to almost the sa~e thing. There is no place to-day in he could. l\Ir. E vans gave him a ticket to what is known as the Washington where a poor soldier of the Cuban war who is honor­ "Freeman's Home," down here on Missouri avenue, and there he ably discharged can lay his head in rest. There is not a place here was turned out into the snow and into the rain and the wind, to treat one single soldier. I have been keeping, out of my pocket, withont any protection whatever, with these honorable discharge for nearly a week an honorably discharged victim of that war, papers in llis pocket, forsooth, because they had made a rule that who was rendered a cripple for life in the line of duty. He lay no pensioner, no soldier, no matter how honorably discharged nor for three weeks unattended, and there was not a single, solitary where he came from, should have an abiding place there unless ho . person to help him except a private soldier, who got cold water fought in the late civil war, a war which occurred thirty years ago . and poured it on his dislocated hip and battered head. l\1r. Chairman, such a rule, as here applied at least, was harsh, .l\fr. GREENE of Nebraska. Do you mean a Cuban soldier? shocking, and repulsive, and I do say that it is time for us to Mr. GAINES. I mean a soldier tbat left the city of l\fontgom­ stop trying to appease the ambitions of some New York physi­ ery, Ala., several months a!;O. As soon as the call of his country cian, or somo Philadelphia physician. or some Washington physi­ was made, he laid down his sledge hammer, joined the Fifth Im­ cian, or any physician wherever he may come from, that they mune Regiment of Alabama, and went on boarcl ship bound for may more scientifically treat West Point students who are going Santiago, and when in line of duty he fell 18 feet down a defect­ to, who may be, some future day, patriots, and go into our Ti·eas­ ive hatchway and dislocated his leg, and remained senseless fQr ury and take care of the men who have already shown them­ twenty-four or forty-eight hours and was taken thon to a regi­ selves to be patriotic, and who bear the wounds and scars of con­ mental hospital after they landed and allowed to remain there flict, and who carry in their pockets honorable discharges, as ' for fifteen days without any surgical attention, and is to-day by this poor lame, limb-broken, head-crushecl, crutch-ridden soltlier reason of that accident and that neglect a cripple for life. does to-day. Mr. QUIGG. I want to say-- Mr. GRiFFIN. Will the gentleman yield for a question? The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. :Mr. GAINES. With pleasure. Mr. GAINES. I hope that I may be given five minutes more, Mr. GRIFFIN. Will the gentleman furnish and have inserted. Mr. Chairman. in the RECORD the name of this soldier, his company ancl r egi­ 'l'he CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Illinois is recognized. ment, and the hospital in which he was a patient? l\:!r. GAINES. Does not the gentleman yield for such informa- Mr. GAINES. I have his affidavit relating it all in detail, but tion as this? not with me, and I am satisfied that the gentleman will have as Mr. MARSH. I want to submit- heavy a heart about it, yes, I am satisfied, if possible, he will havo Mr. GAINES. I want a few minutes more, Mr. Chairman. a heavier heart about it than I have when he learns the facts in The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Illinois is recognized. this case, and learns that this poor fellow was turned out in the Mr. GAINES. Does the gentleman from Illinojs [Mr. MARSH] snow and the rain without a place to lay his head, by an institu­ refuse to yield to me? tion kept up by Congressional appropriations. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Illinois has the floor. Mr. GRIFF!N. Will the gentleman furnish us with the name Mr. GAINES. Do you refuse to allow me to continue? of the surgeon? Mr. MARSH. I h ave no control of your time. Mr. GA.INES. I am going to furnish the whole thing. I am Mr. GAlNES. Mr. Chairman-- just beginning, and I intend to go to the bottom of it, if my life is Mr. MARSH. The Chair has stated your time has expired. spared. Mr. RIDGELY. I ask unanimous consent that the gentleman Mr. GRIFFIN. I will say that if he will furnish the informa­ have five minutes more. tion we will aid him in his search. Mr. GAINES. I ask unanimous consent to continue my re­ Mr. GAINES. Michael J. McGuire is this soldier's name; and marks for five minutes. he will be at my office to-morrow, 1338 H street NW. He has been The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Illinois has the floor. hobbling around the corridors of this House on crutches for three 1899. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1459 or four days in the agony of hell, with his splendid frame giv- without having these records before it; and we all know how im­ ing way from the disease that has been brought about by his mis- portant it is that they shall be presented to secure action. fortunes and by the outrageous military carpentership of these Now, this boarding house to which the gentleman has rnferred makeshift physicians at Santiago. is owned by the Grand Army of the Republic. Mr. STEELE. How long does the gentleman from Tennessee Mr. GAINES. And the Government of the United States keeps say he has had charge of this man? . it up. 1\Ir. GAINES. Ever since Monday morning. Mr. GROSVENOR. The Government of the United States cer- Mr. STEELE. And he has not gone to the War Department to tainly makes contributions to it. [do not controvert that state- report that mhuman surgeon? ment. But if that organization knowingly turned a solclier out Mr. GALNES. What would have been th ~ use? That is not the of the hospital under the circumstances detailed by the gentle- point just now. man, then the or~anization, not the Government, is censurable Mr. STEELE. Charges would have been preferred against the for lack of bumamty and Christian charity. surgeon and he would have been dishonorably dismissed from the Now, another step in corroboration, in part, of what the gentle- service, as he ought to be. man from Tennessee has said. I think it astonishing, as a matter Mr. G Al.N E8. I am trying now to keep the poor fellow from of fact, that in this city-a great city, the capital of the country­ freezing to death in a land of plenty, with an overflowing Treasury ' there is not some place where a man, under such circumstances, with a Government failing to take care of him; but instead, he was could go and obtain relief. But it seems that we have no such turned out on the frozen pavements. into the storm, tho wind, and place. I suppose somebody is afraid, if we contribute for such the rain, a few days ago, like, Mr. Chairman, he was a traitor and purposes, if we give a few dollars to such a charity, that somo not worthy of the recognition that it seems to me any man in this church will reap the reputation and benefit of it. And if the country would have given him, regardless of where he came from statement of the gentleman from Tennessee is true, h ere we are or where he fought. He has got a splendid record. He was a preaching the doctrine of the Good Samaritan every Sunday, but splendid blacksmith. and he left his home and friends to fight for giving no dollars to.carry on the work, because we are afraid that the independence of Cuba, and is now totally dependent. somebody who does not belong to our church will get the benefit fHere the hammer fell.] of the dollars that we bestow in charity! 1d:r. GROSVENOR. Mr. Chairman, I sympathize with the gen- Mr. GAINES. Now. a single word, Mr. Chairman. Will my tleman from Tennessee in the matter of the trouble be has had in friend from Ohio help me to get a resolution passed to provide for regard to this discharged soldier, hut I think, as such an.appeal is the honorable protection of the Spanish war soldiers and to give likely to go to the public ear, one or two facts ougth to be given them the same privileges that the ex-Federal soldiers are getting which will somewhat change the situation as the gentleman from under the administration of the Grand Army? Tennessee bas left it. l\Ir. GROSVENOR. .Mr. Chairman, I will not go-and it js not Mr. GAINES. I want to say that the gentleman from Ohio has necessary that I should go-into details or limitations. I will do done everything he could to help me in this matter. He has never anything a man can do. anything in my power, for any discharged failed to listen to the appeals of charity when I have appealed to soldier, even a rebel soldier, and I uso the term in no disparage­ him, and I thank him for it in behalf of this man. ment and in no partisan sense, for "the arms of love that compass Mr. GROSVENOR. I did not get up here, Mr. Chairman, to I me" will all suffering Roldiers embrace. [Applause.] get an encomium from my friend from Tennessee. The Clerk read as follows: ' Mr. GAINES. You are entitled to it. Continuing the construction and repair of tha roads between tho old south Mr. GROSVENOR. Well, I will take one-tenth of what he ~uardhous~and the southern boundary line of reservation, and for continu- says to be true. There is one fact I was trying to state, if I under- mg tho laymg of a st.one walk al.ong same, $1,000. . stand it conectly, which puts a modifying aspect upon this trans- Mr. GAINES. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last action, bad as it is. word. This soldier, .i:lr. Chairman, fell into the same mistake that has I ask unanimous consent to place in the RECORD, as has been been made by so m any others of thinking that he can come to well suggested by my friend from Maryland, the affidavit of the Washington and preRent himself with his wounds, as the gentle- party to whom I have referred, so that everybody m ay see exactly man from Tennessee describes, and get action of the Pension Do- the details and the facts in connection with the matter. partment promptly-you might say instantly-on his claim. The CHAIRl\IAN. Is thero objection to the request of tho gen- . Now, when the gentleman from Tennessee bad asked my coop- tleman from Tenn~ sse~? eration in this r espect, I went at once to the telephone and got the There was no obJectlon. . . Commissioner of Pensions at the other end of the line, and I dis- The matter referred to by }..fr. GAIXES 1s as follows: covered, on inquiry, after a few moments. that this soldier doubt- Deposition of Mike J. McGuire. less was hurt in the service of the Government-that is his own D1 sTmoT oF CoLU:MBIA, allegation, and I assume it to be true. But he had been dis- United States of America, ss: I Id" b t In the matter of the claim for pension of Mike J. McGuire. c h arged f rom the A rmy, so t]la t h e was no onger a so ier' u Miko J . McGuire, being first duly sworn according to law, makes oath to simply a citizen of the State of Tennessee. the following statements: He selected somebody who for him was to present his claim to l. l\Iy name is 1\Iike J. :McGuire; I am 33 years of age, and was born in Nash· the Pension Department-- ville, Tenn., my home. ·. ·f the gentleman wi·11 permit me, he caine 2. I enlisted on the 2d day of July, 1898, in Company D, Fifth United States Mr. GAINES. No 1 Volunteer Infantry, immnnes. at Camp Walthall, Columbus. l\Iiss. I was in person and made h is own application. Somebody gave him a working at that place, in the shops of the Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Rail­ railroad pass: an act of charity. I never saw him before, and rond, asa blacksmith, having gone there from Nashville, Tonn. really know nothing whatever of him, excepting what I have seen Sargent3. Upo w:i.sn the the call commanding for volunteers, officer. I enlisted I left in theCamp above Walthall regiment. with Col. my II.regi- II. in· the last few days. I know nothing and care nothing of his ment about the 3d day of August, 18!J8, and sailed from Savannah, Ga., politics. for Santiago de Cuba, on the Rio Grande. Shortly before reaching Santiago · t de Cuba, and while on guard and in the line of duty, I fell throu"'h a hatch- M r. GROSVENOR• f · S omeb Od Y gave him a pass, I was JUS way a distance of17or18 feet. This occurred between 7 and 8 o'clock in the nbout to say. So much the better for the gentleman from Tennes- ovoning, and it was quite dark at tho time, and the place was climlylighted. see. It was, however. a mistaken kindness to give him a pass. It 'rho door of the hatchway was broken off and completely gone. has been done in hundreds of cases, and the same result followecl. I was unconscious from the fall until next mormng. There was a long cut in the back of my head, and the head of the left femur was dislocated. l\Iy He came here on the pass so furnished to him and made his appli- military record, as shown on the back of my discharge, reads: "Battles, en­ cation, as has been explained by the gentleman from Tennessee. gngements, skirmishes, expeditions (in print). Sick in hospital since August At the re•.iuest of the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. GAINES] , 10, 1898 (in writin~). Wounds received in service (in print): None (in writ- ! asked the Comml.ssi·oner of Pensi'ons i'f he could act i'nstantly on ingDislocation). Remarks of head (m print):of left femur.Discharged Occurred on sur~eon's m line certificat£'1of duty. Recordof disability. since a. claim of that character. He told me that he could· if certaiu enlistment has been excellent. Byron Dozier, first lieutenant, Fifth United . I" cl "th t "t fi t th t th ld" t b States Volunteer Infant.ry, commanding Company D (in writing)." thmgs were comp 10 W1 • o WI • rs ' a e so rnr mus ave 4. Nothing waR done for injuries for two days by the surg"ons on board his record as a soldier an 1 his regimental history. It is true that ex:cApt to put cold water on my hip, and the blood was not even washed off he held an honorable discharge, bllt that is not sufficient, as you my head. On the second evening after the accident I was tnken ashore at all know. Then he said he ought to have evidence as to how the Santiago de Cuba and place\i in the regimental hospital, where I remained · · . · d h h about three weeks. During all this time I received no treatment ex:ceptcold lllJUry occurred. It is true the app1 icant m this case sai t at e water apJ?licd to my injured hip. and the rubbing of the hip with wot cloths was injured in the line of duty. But he did not show the incur- caused bltsters, wh1ch became very sore. rence of the injury, how it was acquired or in what manner. 5. Shortly before I was taken away-that is, three weeks after accident- · d ·11 't h · t' 1 · from the regimental hospital I was examined by Surgeon-Major Woodson · 1\I r. GAINES· If my f rien WI perm1 me, e IS en 1re Y m1s- and Drs. Pollard, Beard, and AndArson, regimental physicians, who stated taken. His discharg-e is an honorable one, and shows that the in- that I was suffering from dislocation of the head of tho left femur, and then jury was received while in the line of his duty. they proposed to operate on me. They kept me two days without breakfast Mr. GROSVENOR. That is true·, but the details are not given. or Ruppor preparing for the ope1·ation, but failed to perform any operation, without giving any reasons therefor. They did not even try to pull my limb The gentleman knows that the matter is one of inquiry on the part into place. Just before the examination by the surgeons the soldiers had of the Department. wm~hed tho blood from the wounds in my head. In the examination made · And so, .Mr. Chairman, in view of all the facts, the Pension De- by tho surgeons they simply stood me on my feet, felt the place of injury, and measured both of my legs, finding the left leg 2r inches shorter than the partment found itself entirely incapacitated to give the pension right ono. 1-160 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 4, .

I wn.s then sent to the Spanish hospital in Cuba, and was there examinod by Thirty-five years have rolled by in their ceaseless round sine~ surgeons, Majors Robertson. Qninten. and Carr, and Surgeon McHenry of the United States Army. These surgeons, with oth ,rs, examined me about Sherman's "march to the sea." A generation has come upon the four times, standing me on my feet and measuring my legs, but never trying stage of action and been gathered to their fathers since the great to pull the injureu one into place-in fact, did nothing for me, except the soldier-President wrote, "Let us :ti.ave peace." From that day to cold-water applications, and even refnsod to give me any liniment to rub my leg with when I requested it. 1 remained at the Spanish hospital until the this good hour reconciliation has followed reconciliation, until it 5th day of No>ember, 1898, having had to wait a week after my discharge for would seem that "one doth tread upon another's heels, so fast the transport ship, and during all the time I remained in the Spanish hos­ they follow." pital I nPver received any treatment for my injuries, but was given a little quinine to prevent fever. Twenty-five years ago, nine years after the close of hostilities, 6. I made r epeated requests of Major-Surgeon Robertson and Major-Sur­ the Democratic party, dominated by Southern men (Confederate geon Carr for my discharge, but no attention was paid to them until General brigadiers, if you please), was given control of this House. Dire ·wood, about three-weeks before my discharge, made an inspection of the hos­ were the forebodings, but vain were the prophecies of evil. The pital, when he inquired into my en.so. Upon learning the facts he repri­ manded the surgeons and declared that I bad been shamefully neglected and Union lived. that 1 oujtht to sue the surgeons for ~.000 damages, and ordered my imme Two years later Rutherford B. Hayes, seated by a declarecl ma­ diate discharge. . jority of 1 in the electoral college, 15 of his votes coming from the 7. After my discharge I went to New York on the transport Berlin , a pair of crutches having been given tome atthisbospitaljust before I left Santiago ex-Confederate States of South Carolina, Lou.siana, and Florida, de Cuba. General Wood sent Sergeant Hennigan, of my company, to New invited an ex-Confederate to a seat in bis Cabinet. This sa-;ne ex­ York with me, where he left me. I was given free transportation to New Confederate went from the office of Postmaster-General to a seat Yor~ but had to pay my fare from New York to Nashville, Tenn., andl in the condition I was at the time, it was necessary for me to tn.ke a sleepmg on the bench of the courts of the United States, and retired full car, which I was unable to leave, even for my m eals, until I arrived at Nash­ of years ancl honors earned in his country's service. Soluiers ville. hitherto alleged to be necessary to restrain lawlessness in the South 8. 1 Upon my arrh-al at Nashville I went to soo two distinguished snrgeons­ Dr. Briggs and Dr. Brower, of that place. After these physicians had exam­ were withdrawn. All the States of the Union were once more ined me a number of times, they finally declared they could do nothing for recognized as equal, and harmony prevailed. me, for the reason that "the case had been neglected too long." They ad vised A few years later, when Chester A. Arthur, in bis annnal mes­ me to come to Washington for treatment. sage to Congress, wisely forgot to treat of the Southern States 9. I came on to \Vashington Sunday, a weok since, and tried to get in to the as Marine Hospital, without succes.~ . but finally was taken into the Proviuence provinces and of the Southern people as separate ancl apart irom Hospital on Sunclay morning, Januarv 2:3, and remained until Thursday, .Jan­ their fellow-citizens of the Union, loud was the applause, great uary 20. On Wednesday, January 25, 'r was examined by Dr. Louis A. Walke1 was the acclaim. Forgiveness had been followed by forgetful­ and three other doctors, who declared they could not do anything for me; that I would be a. cripple for life; that the injury was originally only an ordinary ness. There was to be henceforLh one flag and one country, and joint dislocation, but the ca.so had been neglected so long that nothing could from Maine to Texas "Peace on earth, good will to men" ani­ be done for mo, as an operation would very likely result in losing my life. mated every heart. 10. Upon leaving the hospital I was without means, and called upon Mr. GAINES. Congressman from Nashville, Tenn., who went with me to the Pen­ In 1884 the Democratic party, still dominated b y Southern men sion Office and made out my .Pension claim., which is now on file there. Com­ and controlled l>y Southern influences, for the firs t time in tbirty.: missioner Evans ordered a ticket to be given me for admission to the Free­ two years, carried the country and captured the Presidency. man's Hospital, on ~li">Souri a >en ue, in the city of Washington, to re~in there until my pension case is passed upon. Upon calling at the Freeman's Hospital Grover Cleveland's appointments of ex-Confederates and Southern I presented my ticket. The superintendent informed me that that hospital men to the highest and most responsible offices in the ln.ncl is was exclusively for the use of ex-Federal soldiers who fought in the late civil recent history, and I shall not weary your patience with a recital war, and I was refused admission, although rain and snow were falling fast and weather cold. of their loyal services to the conn.try. 11. I am without any means except such as I receive through the kindness Well do I remember, .M.r. Speaker, a day in the autumn of 1887 of friends. I have inquired diligently, and so has l\Jr. GAINES, of the various when I found myself one of an immense throng gathered in Geor­ hm;pitals in Washington and find that I have no right of admission to any of them, there being, it seems, no provision ma.do for hospital caro of soldiors gia's capital city to welcome him whose election was claimed to who served in the war with Spain. have reconciled and reunited a long-diviued country . And when 12. My left leg is now, according to Dr. Walker's measurements, 3 inches he proposed to return the captured Con! ederate battle flags, recon­ shorter than the right one., and the left thigh is getting smaller. I can not ciliation, with a few individual and irreconcilable exceptions, was bear my weight on my left leg at all and can not walk at all -r;ithout crutches. Before enlisting in the Army I was strong and in the best of health. thought complete. Intflrlineatinns made before signing and oath, In 18!)(}, when I came into this Houso, I found ex-Confederates February 3, 18lJO. comfortably seated on the Republican side, and, indeed. the only MIKE J. McGUIRE. Confederate brigadier in the House, acting under the appoinment Subscribed and sworn to this 4th day of February, 1800. [SEAL.] C. C. STOUFFER, Notary Pu~lic . of a Republican Speaker, was prosecuping election cases for the The Clerk resumed and concluded the reading of the bill. Republican party and passing on the election and qualificatfons l\ir. HAY. Mr. Chairman, as there was but a short time con­ of Representatives on this floor. sumed in general debate on this bill, I ask unanimous consent I need not say that 1 refer to the distinguished gentleman and that the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. GRIGGS] be allowed to brave soldier from Vll"gi.nia. General WALKER. More than this, speak until half past 2 o'clock, the hour fixed, I believe, for the l\fr. Speaker, I found seated over there a brilliant son of a Con­ ceremonies in connection with receiving the statues from the federate father, actually representing- a Grand Armv constituency State of Missouri. in this House-I refer to the gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Virginia. [Mr. HAY] :M:oRRIS]-wbile on this side I saw soldiers and sons of soldiers in asks unanimous consent that the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. the Army of the Union, working, voting, and fraternizing with GRIGGS] be permitted to address the Committee of the Whole un­ alleged fire eaters from Arkansas, Miss;ssippi, Carolina, Alabama, til half past :J o·clock. ls there objection? The Chair hears none. and Georgia. I look through this directory and I find that a ma­ l\1r. GRIGGS. Mr.Chairman, Ithankthechairmanof thecom­ jority of the members here were too young iu 1861 to know the cause mittee fMr. fuY] for his request that I be allowed to address the or comprehend the results of the civil war. Knowing all this, committee at this time, and the committee itself for its courteous . l\Ir. Speaker, and I have barely touched the subject, I thought I consent. In Atlanta, Ga., on December 14, President McKinley was justified in believing that the sections had been harmonized long before I came upon the stage of action llere. I hear it de­ said: · clared, however, almost every day, that I was mistaken; that an­ In the evolution of sentiment and foaling, under the providence of God, in the spirit of fraternity, we should share with you in the care for the Confed­ other· war, with all its attendant sacrifices of b loocl and trensnre, erate dead. has been necessary to completely harmonize the Nort h and South; Mr. Chairman, I h ave never been disloyal to this Union in act that another "march through Georgia, from Atlanta to the sea," or thought. I come from a State the large majority of whose was necessary to completely blot out sectional bitterness and citizens have never lrnown or felt hostility to the flag which floats hate. from the Dome of this Capitol. This being true, I hope I may be Unlike its predecessor and precursor, this second march to the permitted to offer a few remarks- on recent happenings without sea, I am proud to say, left no trail of blackened ruins. Almost fear of misconstruction. If it shall be necessary to call your at­ as spectacular, but without the fU'eworks, it was attended with tention to a few facts in our country's history which are familiar great enthusiasm on all sides. Indeed, I am told that the second to us all, and which may be called by some ancient rather than •'march through Georgia" was but a succession of "nods and recent occunences, my excuse is the apparent necessity for the becks and wreathed smiles" and speeches of "linked sweetness same. long drawn out" at every stopping place from Atlanta to Sa· The conclusion of the great internecine struggle known as the vannah. "war between the States" was made notable by a campaign in The great heart of the South did not pulsate in unison with the the extreme South, closing with what is known in history as a recent· demand for war that came from some sectfons of the Union. "march through Georgia. from Atlanta to the sea." In its trail Indeed, our people opposed the war with Spain. They could see was desolation. Ashes and smoke and blackened ruins marked but disaster to themselves and no good from war to any of their the terrible course of that fearful march tbrough the heart of one fellow-citizens of the Union, and if anything could have made of the faire.st and richest regions of earth. them cold and indifferent to their imperiled country, this unnec- But that was war, and it is superfluous for me to add that essary war would have driven them to it. . "war is hell." Appomattox followed fast, the end came, and The war came, and it is now being dee-Jared all over the country henceforth the Confederacy was but a memory. that there were no better, braver, truer, or more patriotic soldiers 1899. . :coNGRESSION.AL RECORD-HOUSE. 1461 in all our Army than the boys who_volunteered from the States dent for the honor he would now do our martyred dead, and while of the old Confederacy. Some affect great surprise at the loyal I shall not' be found blindly opposing the consummation of his devotion to the flag displayed by our people of the Southern States. purpose,] dare deciare the truth-the people of the South do not l\1any would overwhelm us with thanks for our part in that strug­ ask it. The unknown dead which sleep amid the high mountains gle. There is no need for surprise or thanks, sir. of Virginia, and in the green valleys of Tennessee aud Kentucky, Every member of this House from the Southern States who whose graves are washed by the turbulent waters of the .Missis­ could get the opportunity so to do declared on this floor a year sippi, and whose last requiem is whispered by the meandering ago that in case of war the sons of the men who had built up the Chickamauga, the rippling Rappahannock, and the historic James, civilization of tbe old South, the sons of the men who had fought are a heritage of eternal glory to the people of the 8outh. under the Stars and Bars from '61 to 'G5, would be found standing On fame's eternal camping ground shoulder to shoulder with the sons of the men who during that Their silent tents are spread. soul-trying time had defended th~ Stars and Stripes, all fighting for the honor and glory of that sunburst flag of liberty and light. They are ours; they Z?leep well as they are, and God forbid [Applause.] . that their bones should ever be made the football of party poli­ Every act of the people of the South, from Appomattox to San­ tics, tu be kicked from side to side of this Chamber as occasion tiago, has been a declaration of devotion and a loyal sacrifice to may demand. We accept the words of the P1·esident in good the Union, and nothing but the "blindness of unbelief" bas pre­ faith. Mr. Speaker, but we insist that this shall be the last recon­ vented its acknowledgment long ago. Surprise, distrust, and ciliation of the sections. Let this be the final ratification of the thanks go hand in hand here, Mr. Speaker, and the people of the treaty of peace between the North and South. [Applause.] South neither deserve the one nor expect the other. Georgia but Too much harmony palls upon the taste. Too many reconcilia­ did her duty, as did Massachusetts, as both will always perform tions bespeak too many differences. it regardless of consequences, once they have determmed where "The time has come in the e..-olution of sentiment and feeling, duty leads. under the providence of God, when in the spirit of fraternity,'' we I have never been at war with my fellow-citizens. and it brings should to the last man shake off this horrid nightmare ot sectional a feeling akin to pain to hear iterated and reiterated that my hate, from whose -paralyzing grasp our fitful and hysterical awaken­ fellow-countrymen are now reconciled to me. ings for twenty-fl ve years have made the angels weep and the na­ I have always been an American, and the bonds which certain tions smile. [Loud applause.] well-intentioned gentlemen are continually weaving with which Let this last march throu~b Georgia end forever the differences to re bind me to the CT nion are galling to the flesh. More than half of half a century. Let it obliterate all traces of that other march, of us have never been unreconciled, and we weary of eternal wel­ whose blackened trail marked the close of actual war. Let the comes to the place we have always known as home. [Applause.] heg1ra of 1861 be forever swallowed up in the p1lgrimage of 1898. We have never left our father's house, and while the principles Let us turn our faces to the morning, you of the Northcherishin{? for which they fought and the memory of their sacrifices are dear your memories as we shall ever cherish ours, all pressing forward to us still, it is impossible for us to enjoy the hilarious feast and in unison to a realization of the patriot's hope and the poet's dream the fatted calf of the prodigal's return. I have no authority to of- Columbia, gem of the ocean, speak for others, l\fr. Speaker, but it would seem to me equally if The home of the brave and the freo, not more difficult for the man who laid down his arms in '65, and The shrine of each patriot's devotion, with the oath of allegiance fresh from his lips and heart, turned A world offers homage to thoe. his energies to the rehabilitation of his home and the reestablish­ fLoud applause. l ment of the Union, to enjoy a prodigal's teast every day in the The CHAIRl\fA~. The time of the gentleman has expired. week and every week in the year, at so many of which he is made Mr. MARSH. I move that the committee rise and report the to play the part of host and supply the fatted calf as well as the bill and amendments to the House. prodigal. · [Applause.] The motion was agreed to. I have heard it charged against a few people in my time that 'The committee accordingly rose; and the Speaker having re­ they " didn't know the war was over," but these have always been sumed the chair, .Mr. HEPBURN, chairman of the Committee of considered among the ablest exponents of ignorance in Georgia. the Whole House on the state of the Union, reported that that com­ The intelligent among us have· known that the "war was over" mittee had had under consideration t he bill fl. R. 11717, and had for thirty-four years, Mr. Speaker, and we have not recognized directed hjm to report the same to the House with sundry amend­ sectional hate for almost a generation. ments, and that, as amended, the bill do pass. The ambit10n of the President is a noble one. To live in his­ The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the amend­ tory as the r estor er of peace to long-contending sections, to go ments. down to latest posterity as the destroyer of sectional animosities The question was taken; and the amendments were agreed to. is a proud eminence fit to stir "fierce ambition in a Cresar's The bill as amended was ordered to be engwssed for a thtrd mind." Far be it from me to question his words or motives. That reading; and being engrossed, it was accordingly read the third he earnestly desires the peace for which he so eloquently spoke in time, and passed. Georgia's capital, I shall not question here. I but declare the On motion of Mr. MARSH, a motion to reconsider the vote by simple patent truth. There was already peaco between the North which the bill was passed was laid on the table. and South. There was already harmony and fraternal love. Sec­ tional hate was already dead. Neither the testament of bleeding RECEPTION OF STATUES OF BENTON AND BLAIR. war nor the pomp anq glitter of the President's march brought The SPEAKER. The Clerk will rea.d the special order. harmony to the people of the Union. If perchance through either The Clerk read as follows: the blind were made to see and the deaf to hear the truth which Resolved, That the exercises appropriate to the reception and aceeptance has b een clear to all who would see and hear for nearly a quarter from the State of Missouri of the statues of ThomaR H. Benton and Francis P. Blair, erected in the old Hall of the House of Representatives, be made the of a century, then has great good been accomplished: but it special order for Saturday, February 4, at 3 o'clock. would seem to me that if there are those here and there on either side who are yet unreconciled, then hate-the growth of forty Mr. BLAND. Mr. Speaker, I will ask the Clerk to r ead the years-is too deeply rooted to yield to the blowing of ram's horns following letter from the executive of the State of Missouri. and the shouting of the multitude. f Applause.] The Clerk r ead as follows:. If my n eighbor is my friend, we do not daily rush into each To the Senate and Hou.se of Representatives other's arms with protestations of eternal friendship and declara­ of the United States, Washington, D. C. GE!'TLE~IEY: In the yonr 1893, the general a.ssembly of the State of Mis­ tions of undying love. Honest friendship needs not such. If we souri passed an act making an appropriation to have statues made of Thomas have been enemies in the past and now are friends, we do not dis­ H. Benton and Francis P. Blair, to bu placed in Statuary Hall, in the Capitol, cuss our differences or our dead. The first we buried with the at Washington. In the act referred to, William J . Stone, Odin Guitar, P uter L. Foy, B. B. Cahoon, O. H. Spencer, and James H. Birch were constituted a honest handshake that closed the chasm. The last are sacred . . commission to have the statuos made and properly placed. I am now in­ The Presiuent's march through Georgia was a splendid pageant. formod by the commissioners that the statues are completed and ready to be Georgrnns, always loyal and true, vied with each other in extend­ presented to Congress. . I have the honor, therefore, a.s governor of Missouri,• to present to the ing hospitality to the nation's Chief Executive. "They threw Government of the United States through the CongrAss, the statues of the their caps as they would hang them on the horns of the moon, distinguished statesmen named and to ask that they may be assigned a place shouting their approbation;" but. Mr. Speaker, the sons wbo in the hall dedicated to such uses at the Capitol. Very respectfully, threw their caps in '98 are no more loyal than the fathers were LON V. STEPHENS, Gcn:ernor. from the day they grounded their arms in '65 and renewed their broken allegiance to the Union. ''The holy faith that warmed Mr. BLAND. Mr. Speaker, I offer the following resolution. their sires'" inspired the sons in '98. [Loud applause.J Then let The SPEAKER. ~he gentleman from Missouri offers the fol­ us have done with these constantly r ecurring reconciliations of lowing resolution, which will be read by the Clerk. the sections. [Renewed applause.] The Clerk read as follows: Speaking for myself, the son of a Confederate soldier, and one Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring), That the thanks of Congress be presented to the State of Mis~ouri for providing and who loves the memories of the old South, while I thank the Presi- furnishing statues of Thomas Hart Benton, a deceased person, who has been 1462 CONG RESSION .AL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 4, a. citizen thereof and illustrious for his historic renown and for distinguished other agency to keep Missouri still within the sisterhood of the civic services, and of Francis Preston Blair, a deceased person, who has been a citizen thereof, and illustrious for his historic renown and for distinguished Union when her Southern neighbors left it: they formed the civic and military serviees. groundwork upon which Blair afterwards so brilliantly operated Resolved, That the i;tatues be accepted and placed in the National Statuary to hold the State fast to her old moorings. Hall in the Capitol, and that a copy of these resolutions duly authenticated There were giants in those days, and Benton was one of them, be transmitted to the governor of the State of Missouri. towering amid the greatest of his colleagues-Webster, Clay, and Mr. BLAND. l\1r. Speaker, there are some gentlemen present, Calhoun. When it is remembered that, from the time of Monroe and others absent, who wish to print remarks in the RECORD on down to the time of Buchanan, he exercised a controlling sway the subject of the resolution, and I therefore ask unanimous con­ over Western politics such as few statesmen ever did, it is not sent of the House that they have leave to do so. surprising that he should have left behind him such ineffaceable The SPEAKER. The gentleman from l\iissonri asks unan­ and monumental marks of his greatness. Durfog his service in imous consent that members may be allowed to print in the R EC­ the Senate that body was admittedly the most influential legisla­ ORD remarks on the subject of the resolution. Is there objection? tive body in the wo1·ld: the nation's greatest political chiefs were [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. members of it; and in it, from the time of Jackson, Benton stood l\1r. DOCKERY. l\1r. Speaker, Congress having by the act of forth continuously a commanding figure and the most eminent July 2, 1864, invited each of the States to present statues, not representative of Jacksonian Democracy. exceeding two in number, in marble or bronze, of deceased per­ The Republic has never producecl a statesman more valiantly sons who have been distinguished citizens, and who, on account loY.al and true to his convktions than Benton. His faculties al­ of civil or military services, are deemed worthy of national com­ ways responded to the call of a great emergency. His metal on memoration in Statuary Hall in the National Capitol, the State such an occasion always rang true and clear. He grew steadily of Missouri, in the fullness of time, has availed herself of the invi­ wiser as he proceeded in his career. With his developing matu­ tation, and has presented the two marble statues which we to-day rity he became better equipped for the performance of yeoman formally accept on behalf of the Federal Government. service to the public, and it has been said of him that, New York City. what a proud, resolute, fearless, self-reliant hero he must h ave Mr. Speaker, it is with special pride that Missouri contributes been in life, and we can join in humbly doing him honor for tha to our national pantheon these memorials of two of her most immeasurable good he wrought for bis country, in his own genera­ illustrious sons, Benton and Blair. Their names and their deeds tion and for all the generations after him. not only have wrought especial blessing and reflected lasting l\fr. Speaker. in a most remarkable way the life work of Benton renown upon their own imperial Commonwealth, but they are tlle and of Blair merged together, to the incalculable penefit of our heritage of the whole country as well; and as such, their marble common State; the achievements of the younger of the two linked images worthily find a place in yonder hall, side by side with themselves with and supplemented those of the elder. When those of others of the nation's noblest children-pioneers, warriors, Benton died in 18I:i8, the tide of Sonthern sent1ment was rising like statesman, inventors, benefactors-heroes all. , a. flood, and but for the living influence of the veteran statesman Both Benton and Blair rendered most distinguished service in then still in death, Missouri would probably have been over­ the N'ational Legislature-Benton for five terms in the Senate and whelmed by that tide. And notwithstanding that potent one term in the House, and Blair for parts of four terms in the influence, it would yet have been overwhelmed, had not Blair, Bouse and part of a term in tlle Senate; so that with peculiar fit­ courageous and preternaturally energetic, intervened at the right ness their sculptured images will stand yonder and be viewed by moment and with the sagacity of genius to direct and utilize that generations to come, hard by the scenes of their legislative strug­ mtluence. His lofty patriotism, spirit, and capacity saved the gles and triumphs. State to the Union. and left her free at the close of the civil strife In Benton we b ehold the mightiest son of the early West-the to march onward without interruption in the paths of progress. most colossal figure in the march of trans-Mississippi develop­ To have accomplished this was in itself an extraordinary achieve­ ment, striding onward head and shoulders aborn all his contem­ m ent for any man. But Blair rested not there. He plunged with poraries. It was not my good fortune to have known him, or my knightly ardor into the Titanic struggle then beginning, and ere privilege ever to have seen him; but his grand, manly character, long became a major-general of volunteers and a corps com­ his splendid achievements in public life, and his princely qnalities mander of high efrieiency. Ho was the most illustrious soldier as a private citizen, as I have learned them from the lips of others that Missouri gave to the Union; indeed, he was regarded as one and as I find them chronicled in our history, command my un­ of the most successful of all the chiefs of the volunteer army. stinted admiration. Himself a pioneer, I take him to have been Meanwhile he served also with distinction in Congress; and in the recognized exponent of the great pioneer class, hardy, enter­ the Thirty-seventh Congress, as chairman of the House Commit­ prising , irresistible; the ablest expounder of their views, and the tee on Military Affairs, he reported and pressed those essential most typical representative of their aspirations. In his day and measures that equipped and maintained the Union armies in the generation he was the greatest champion of the West and its in­ field. terests. and the most zealous advocate of every movement for the Re was a hero in council, in the camp, and on the field of battle. extension of the western boundaries of the Republic, beholding And after the war. voluntarily renouncing the grateful political with clearer vision than most of bis fellows, through the mist of rewards that would have freely come to him from his own politi­ coming years, something of the later grandeur and glory which cal party, he devoted his energies to the heroic and magnanimous the nation has attained. but unpopular task of protecting bis late enemies from. injustice And yet, despite the strength of his local and sectional predis­ at the hands of his own triumphant and intolerant par~1s:1ns. In positions, his airgressive patriotism was national and all-embra­ that work of self-abnegation, viewed calmly after this lapse of cing; the love of his great heart comprehended alike the North, the tiine, the moral grandeur of the hero shines forth with dazzling South, the East, and the West. He gloried in the American luster. A hero in the tribulations of war, he became ten times Union, and his marvelous endowments were always freely offered a hero in the tribulations of returning peace. In the face of fren­ to the set·vice of his whole country. His teachings, in their effect zied calumny, furious partisanship, and mob violence, his manly upon the people of his own State, did perhaps as much as any heart demanded justice for his beaten foes; and with undaunted 1899. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1463

personal courage, with coolness and bravery almost unexampled, an intellect which enabled him to scale the highest peaks in the he espoused the cause of the weak, the disfranchised, the tax­ great range of human possibilities. ridden, and the downtrodden, and sought by practical means to "During the last years of his life, secluded from the world. he bind up and heal the wounds of the recent strife. took the most ample revenge upon his enemies, for he left behind Like others of the proscribed class who witnessed his intrepid him the greatest political history of the century, his Thirty conduct in behalf of my oppressed people on the most ti-ying occa­ Years' View. sions, I may say that, in adding this humble tribute to his fame, "And now, nearly fifty years after the people of Missouri had it is not prompted by a mere formal or perfunctory impulse, but driven him from his seat in the highest councils of the nation, by a sentiment of sincere personal affection. The political and which for thirty years he had adorned with his great character, civic honors that would have come to him immediately following with fidelity to his State and his country, they order, without a the war, but which he denjed to himself, and the later political single dissenting voice, that his name and his memory be forever success which he would doubtless have attained had his life been perpetuated in marble, in the Capitol of his country, in the very spared, are more than compensated by the fervent love which all building where he won his enduring fame. the people of Missouri cheriHh for his m emory. [Loud applause.] "Gen. Francis Preston Blair, who is associated with Colonel Ben­ Mr. Speaker, 1 desire to append to my remarks ana to incorporate ton in this memorial dedication, was his great friend and yonthful in the RECORD a beautiful tribute to the memory of Benton and associate. At his feet he learned those lessons which guided his Blair, written by Hon. J. H. Birch, of Plattsburg, Mo., one of the political conduct in after life. In personal characteristics, action. State commissioners, and transmitted to me for that purpose. It and manners they were as different as they were in appearance. I reads: knew General Blair well. He was my elder, but our ages enabled "It is deemed proper that the only native-born Missourian on the us to fraternize with ease. In early life, he being a follower of commission, who knew both of these distinguished citizens during Benton, wa naturally separated; but, as the years advanced. the their lives, Hhould be heard on this interesting occasion. I shall great political controversies which overwhelmed the country speak, therefore, from personal knowledge. Sixty years ago Colo­ brought us close together, and, becoming the warmest of friends, nel Benton and my father were friendly associates. Our home, our lines of life ran close together. in the village where we lived, waA occasionally honored by his "We were comrades during the war with Mexico. He was a visits. Sitting and listening to his conversation, I wondered that privato, and I was a chrporal. We were comrades during tlla I was permitted to exist in such a presence. In after years, when 'war between the States.' He was a major-general, and I a sim­ grown to manhood, and bitter personal enmity had arisen between ple colonel. In the great political struggle which swept over Mis­ them, I recognized the fact that Baneton-for it was thus he pro­ souri in 1870-the sole issue being the reenfranchisement of the nounced his name-was the most powerful political factor in the people, and which led to the overthrow of the Republicans in the great West. State-we were comrades again, and that winter found us both "No one favored him in appearance, manners, or personal cbar­ members of the general assembly of Missouri. ncteristics, and but few ever reached his level in intellectual "In the Senatorial caucus which followed a most exciting and power, information, or influence. His was an isolated personal­ bitterly-contested ballot, I moved and carried the proposition to ity. He had but few, if any, confidants. He recognized but two make his nomination unanimous. Before the vote was counted conditions in public life between men-leadership and followers. and announced, and in the joint session of the two houses, my He knew his own fitness to rule, and demanded that others obey. name coming first on the Senate roll, I had the honor of casting He sought no advice, and permitted no dissent; and criticism of the first vote for him for United States Senator. •his political infallibility resulted in personal and poijtical ostra­ By a singular coincidence, being in Jefferson City three years cism. If he ever forgot or forgave an intended injury, only his ago. the distinguished chairman of the committee on ways and Creator knew it. If he ever had an emotion in connection with m eans, now representing his country as consul-general at Mon­ his ambition, it was kept as hidden as the thoughts of a Hindoo's treal, honored me with the request that I draft the bill which he god. Had he lived in the days of the Cresars, there would have introduced and passed through the general assembly, ancl under been another Brutus. Had he commanded the Roman armies the commands whereof these statues '\vere executed. Being named when Palmyra fell, he might have spared Zenobia in recognition as one of the commissioners. I am proud of the privilege which of her great prowess and character, but she would never have been enables me thus to garland Blair·s statue with a wreath. which at carried through the streets of Rome, attached to his triumphal least is embalmed with the perfume of personal friendship. car, for in such a pageantry Benton

"And now we leave these statues there, to remain forever, shel­ formed but one career-a great career-a career of vast import to tered by that historic roof, and protected by that flag which has the State and nation. Both were Southerners by birth; both grown to be the emblem of the power of the greatest people of were soldiers of the Republic; both members of this House; both the earth." Senators of the United States; both added largely to American renown; both left spotless reputations as a heritage to their coun- [Mr. CARMACK addressed the House. See Appendix.] trymen. , Mr. CLARKof Missouri. · Mr.Speaker, whenGovernorB. Gratz The dominant passion of these two :Missouri Titans was an ab­ Brown, one of the most brilliant of all Missouri statesmen, on a sorbing love of the Union. To its preservation they devotecl their historic occasion said, " Missouri is a grand State and deserves to great energies of mind and heart and body. To that end they be grandly governed," be uttered an immortal truth. He might were not only theoretically willing to spend and be spent, but have added with equal veracity: "8he deserves to be grandly rep­ were actually and literally spent. · In tha.t warfare they sacri­ resented in the Congress of the Unjted States," and she hRS been ficed all those things which most men hold dear. In that ca,use in the main. particularly in the Senate, where paucity of members Benton went to his political death, and Frank Blair rendere:l him­ and length of tenure more surely fix a man in the public eye than self a physical wreck. In their vocabulary there were no such service in the Honse. · word as "concession" or as "compromise." In very truth. they First and last, Missouri has commissioned twenty-one different took their lives in their hands and fought the battle to the bitter men to represent her at the other end of the Uapitol, in the less end. numerous branch of the National Legislature, in the Chamber of the Under the law each State has the right to place the statues of Conscript Fathers. in'• the upper House of Congress," improperly so two-andonlytwo-illustriousAmericancitizensinStatuary Hall; called, or, as Senator MORGAN of Alabama would have it, as "am­ but in this regard Missouri has been more fortunate than most of bassadors of a sovereign State" to the Federal Government. Be­ her sister States, for, while she can place only two there herself, ginning with David Barton and Thomas Hart Benton, her pioneer three of her soldier-statesmen stand there in bronze and marble as Senators, who at once attractecl general attention and challenged perpetual reminders of her glory. In addition to Benton aud universal admiration by reason of their commanding talents, down Blair. through the action of Illinois there stands Gen. James to this very hour, when in the persons of FRANCIS MARIO:N COCK­ Shields, that illustrious Irish-American, a hero of two wars, and RELL and GEORGE GRAHAM VEST she holds such an en Viable posi­ the only man that ever did, or in all human probability ever will, tion in that conspicuous arena, Missouri has taken second place to represent three States of the Union in the Senato of the United none of her sister States. States. These twenty-one Senators naturally divide themselves into two Upon the base of his statue in yonder hall are blazoned the con ts classes-the Barton line and the Benton line, fifteen in the former of arms of Illinois, Minnesota, and :Missouri, in whoso_service he and only six in the latter. spent his life; but as he wrought for the whole country in the In the Barton Jin~ are Barton himself, Alexander Buckner, Senate and in the field, his fame belongs to the whole country, in Lewis F. Linn, David R. Atchison, James S. Green, Waldo P. whose cause he freely shed his blood. Johnson, Robert Wilson, B. Gratz Brown, Charles D. Drake, Either Benton or Blair is a. sufficient, a noble theme for any Dame! F. Jewett, Frank P. Blair, Lewis V. Bogy, David H. Arm­ orator. strong. James Shields, and GEORGE G. VEST. I shall confine my remarks, in the main, to the latter, with only In the Benton line are Benton himself, Henry S. Geyer, Trus­ incidental reference to the former, leaving the great contemporary ten Polk, John B. Henderson, Carl Schurz, and FRANCIS MARIO~ of Webster, Clay, and Calhoun to my colleagues. COCKRELL. . In this era of good feeling it may seem ungracious to talk much • Lucky the man who gets into Barton's seat; luckier, far luckier, about the civil war and may appear like "sweet bells jangled, out. theman who secures that of Thomas H. Benton, as the precedents of tune;" but this is a historic occasion, Frank Blair is a historic indicate a longer public life for him. personage, and the truth should be told about him. All his deeds An examination of the dates at which Missourians entered and with which history will concern itself are those which be performed left the Senate will disclose two curious facts in Missouri history. in matters pertaining to that unhappy period-either before, dur­ She is the only State that ever electRd two men for five full con­ ing, or after. A speech about him and without mention of these. secutive terms to the Senate of the United States-" six Roman things would be like the play of Hamlet with the Prince of Don­ lnstrums," as Denton was wont to boast in his pompous way. mark left out. These were Benton and COCKRELL. She was the first State that IIIS IlIRTIIPL.AOE. had only one Senator for any considerable length of time through Born in the lovely blue grass region of Kentucky, reared in Wash­ failure to elect another. By reason of the unrelenting warfare ington City, in the excitement and swirl of national politics. spend­ between thA Bentonites and the anti-Bentonites the legislature ing his manhood's days in St. Louis, the great city of the Iron chosen in 18:54 never could and never did elect a Senator, as it was Crown, his opportunities for growth were of the best, and he de­ in duty bound to do, so that for two entire years Henry S. Geyer veloped according to the expectations of his most sanguine friends. was Missoun's sole Senator. Within a radius of 75 miles of Lexington, Ky .. where Frank What is more, the governor did not appoint or attempt to ap­ Blair first looked forth upon this glorious world, more orators of point anyone to fill the vacancy, nobody then dreaming that the renown were born or have exercised their lungs anu tongues than governor had such power. But in these later days several States upon any other plat of rural ground of the same size upon the have followed Missouri s example in failing to elect Senators, habitable globe. and, strange to say, divers governors have insisted on the right to Whether the inspiring cause is the climate, the soil, the water, fill vacancies by appointment under similar circumstances, until the limestone, or the whisky, I do not know, but the fact remains. finally the Senate, after lengthy and ponderous debate, solemnly Within that circle are the counties of Franklin, Wooillord, Scott, vindicated the wisdom and knowledge of constitutional law pos­ Fayette, Mercer, Bourbon, Nelson, Washington, Anderson, Owen, sessed by the governor of Missouri m 1855 and 1856, Sterling Shelby, Marion, Madison, Jessamine, Montgomery, Clark, and Price. by declaring that a governor has no right to make such ad Boyle. interim appointment. Henry Clay, John J. Crittonden, the Marshalls, the Breckin­ Of Missouri's 21 Senators there were 14 Democrats, 1 Whig, and ridges, the Prestons, the 8helbys, the .\foAfees, the Browns, the 6Republicans. Of 156 years of Senatorial representation to which Blairs, the Buckners, the Deshas, the Houstons, Old Bob Letcher, she has been entitled, 2 were not useu, 6 fell to Whigs, 22 to Re­ the Harlans, the Wickliffs, Old Ben Hardin, Leslie Coomhs, John publicans, and 126 to Democrats. Rowan, the Thompsons, tho Davises. the Turners, Richard H . This roster of Missouri Senators is an array of names of which Menifee, the Goodlocs, the Hansons, Henry Bascom, John Pope, the nation, no less than the State, may well be proud. There are tho Johnstons, Chief Justice Robertson, Cassius M. Clay, and his many great men-scarcely a small one-in the list. brother Brutus Junius, Joe Blackburn, George Graham Vest, Missouri is proud of her immeasurable physical resources, which Henry Watterson, J. Proctor Knott, Jim McKenzie, and a hoRt of will one day make he~ facile princeps among her sisters; but there choice spirits have roused the multitude and made the welkin ring. is something else of which she is prouder still, and that is her If such a delineator of character as William Makepeace Thackeray splendid citizenship, consisting at this day of near1y4,000,000 indus­ could have known the men who first and last have been around trious, intelligent, patriotic, progressive, law-abiding, God-fearing Lexington, and given us his impressions of them. or such a biog­ people. . rapher as James Boswell could have followed lovingly at their When questioned as to her riches she could with propriety imitate heels to record their sayings, we would have the most entrancing the example and quote the words of Cornelia, the mother of the book that human eye ever gazed upon. heroic Gracchi, and, pointing to her children, say truthfully and Philosophers may say what they please, but. man is largely a pridefully, "These are my jewels." creature of environment, and with his snrroundmgs from infancy, In sending Thomas Hart Benton and the younger Francis Pres­ it was inevitable that Frank Blair would devote his lifo to politics, ton Blair to forever represent her in the great American Valhalla, where the effigies of a nation's immortal worthies do congregate, RISE OF TIIE BLAIRS. Mi souri made a most happy and a most fitting selection from The rise of the Blairs, father and sons, to great political emi­ among a ho.cit of her distinguished sons. These two men comple­ nence and power forms a most curious and interesting chapter in ment each other to an extraordinary degree. Really their lives our history. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOU-SE. 1465

The foundation of thE>ir career was laid by an anonymous article How loathsome­ written by Francis P. Blair, sr., for mental recreation purely, and Wrote Jackson- printed in the Frankfort (Ky.) Argus, in the incipient stage of lt ic; to me to see an old friend laid aside, principles of justice and friendship the war of extermination waged by Andrew Jackson against forgotten, and all for the sake of policy, and the great Democratic party di­ · the old Bank of the United States, which article luckily fell un­ vided or endangered for policy. I can not reflec.t upon it with any calmness. der Jackson's eagle eye and attracted his attention. It may be Every point of it, upon scrutiny, turns to harm and disunion, and not one bene­ doubted whether any other anonymous communication to any ficial result can be expectEld from it. I will be anxious to know the result. If harmony is restored, and the Globe the organ, I will rejoice; if sold. to whom, newspaper in any country since Guttenberg invented movable and for what? Have, if you sell, the purchase money well secured This types.was ever productive of so many and such far-reaching con­ may be the last letter I may be able to write you, but, live or die, I am your sequences. fri~nd .Grant to be merciless. According to his logic, desertion of Jackson was high one of the two best volunteer officers in the service, John A. treason to the country. For all such the penalty was death with­ Logan, "the Black Eagle of Illinois," who married a .Missouri out benefit of clergy. When even so illustrious a personage as Col. wife, being the other. In Sherman's famous march to the sea William R. King.of Alabama, subsequently Vice-President, once Blair commanded a corps, and was considered the Marshal Ney begged him to soften a savage attack upon an erring Democrat, of that ar~y. Blair sternly replied: "No: let it tear his heart out I " Blair was essentially and incorrigibly a hero worshiper; but it TilE FIGHT FOR MISSOURI. must be confessed that he had a hero worthy of the passionate Early impressions are never effaced; and it may be, who knows? love of all friends of human liberty, the matchless soldier who at that the fact that when a child he sat upon the knee of Andrew New Orleans, with a handful of raw militia, in one glorious, rap­ Jackson, received the kiss of hereditary friendship from his lips, turous hour slaughtered 2,600 Englishmen, defeated the picked and heard words of patrioti::;m fall burning from his tongue de­ veterans of the Peninsula who had snatched the iron crown of termined his course in the awful days of '61. for Jackson him­ Charlemagne from the brazen brow of Napoleon and lowered to self, could he have returned to earth in the prime of life. could not the dust the towering pride of that mighty monarchy upon whose have acted a sterner or more heroic part thm;i did his foster son. dominion the sun never sets and whose morning drumbeat encir­ The fact that Andrew Jackson, Thomas Hart Benton, and tb.e cles the globe. elder Francis Preston Blair were sworn friends most probably No such popularity as Andrew Jackson's has been vouchsafed caused young Frank to settle in St. Louis, a performance which, to an American President since George Washington was laid to rest though little noted at the time, in all human probability kept Mis­ on the banks of the Potomac. a popularity which abides to this day souri in the Union and thereby defeated the effort.s of the Southern and which will continue until our race has run its course and people for independence; for had it not been for Blair's cool cour­ until the wide firmament is gathered up as a scroll. age, clear bead, unquailing spirit, indefatigable industry, com­ For twenty years all of the most serious and learned arguments manding influence, and rare foresight, the Southern sympathizers of Whig statesmen were triumphantly and successfully answered in Missouri would have succeeded in taking her into the Confed- by" Hurrah for Jackson!" and assuredly since the morning stars eracy. . first sang together no man has better deserved being hurrahed for There never was in this world a struggle in which time was than Old Hickory. The intense love which his followers bore him more the essence of things than in the fight for Missouri. The has al ways reminded me of the pathetic enthusiasm of the French people were divided into something like three eriual partA-one soldier, sorely wounded, who, as Napoleon swept by at the bead for the Union, another for secession, while the minds of the third of the Old Guard, tore his shattered arm from his shoulder and were not made up, but were in a plastic condition. This halting, _ waving it above his head shouted" Vive l'Empereurl" wavering third became decisive of the conteat. To control it Blair completely won the generous heart of Andrew Jackson, Blair and his opponents waged a battle royal. lf, in. the begin­ which in itself was a greater honor than could have been con­ ning, Blair could have aroused the Federal Government to a ferred by any patent of nobility. The insignia of the Order of the rei:ilization of the vast strategic importance of Missouri and to the Thistle or of the 8tar and Garter, or of any other order or of all necessity for early action, his task would have been easy. If, in others ever devised by the ingenuity of man or bestowed by the the beginning, his antagonists could have aroused the .Missouri hand of any king, emperor. prince, czar, or potentate, it seems to iegislature to a comprehension of the situation and could have me, would not give an American as much pride and pleasure as to induced the State authorit10a to seize the United States arsenal be ab.e to say truthfully,'' I was beloved of Andrew Jackson.'' at St. Louis before Gen. Nathaniel Lyon was placed in command, If Blair loved Jackson, the iron soldier repaid that love in Scrip­ their task would have been easy; but when Lyon appeared upon ture measure, heaped up, pressed down, and running over. Al­ the scene, their one golden opportunity was goue. most the last letter he ever wrote was to Blair, at a time when It was a colossal stake for which this master spirit played; the Polk Administration was endeavoring to force him to sell nevertheless, understanding clearly the gravity of the game, he them the Globe under the penalty of their starting an opposition played it to the end with superb audacity and with n erves of paper. I here quote part of it, so highly honorable to both the steel-no hesitation, no equivocation, no mental re.5ervation, no writer and the recipient and so characteristic of the former. Even repining. no doubting, no backward glance on bis part. at this distant day one can scarcely read the closing sentence with Without leave or license from anybody he organized and drilled dry eyer. in secret four regiments, mostly Germans, arming them with 1466 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. FEBRUARY 4,

guns which he purchased with money begged by him from Union­ or, at least, that Missouri could be kept out of it, even if it did ists in the North, so that when Governor Jackson peremptorily come-while others were ·making constitutional arguments, whilo declined to furmsh the four regiments which constituted Mis· others were temporizing and dallying-he acted. Believing that souri's quota under Presiclent Lincoln's first call for 75,000 volun· the questions at issue could be settled only by the sword~ and also • teers, Blair promptly tendered by telegraph his four regiments believing in Napoleon's maxim that" God fights on the side of the · which he had been for months secretly recruiting in St. Louis heaviest battalions,'' he grimly made ready for the part which he and had them mustereu into the service. Not only that, but he intended to play in the· bloody drama. tendered six more regiments, which were also accepted. The Government offered him a brigadier's commission as com­ "THE ARDUOUS GREATNESS OF TIIINOS DONE." mander of that brigade, which he gracefully and firmly declined Blah- was 5 feet 11 in height, straight a,s an Indian, of slender, in favor of L yon-an act of generosity and self· abnegation un· wiry frame, hazel eyes, auburn h air, ruddy complexion, and usual among men. aquiline nose. He was of what the phrenologists denominate the Time fought for B!air in this strange contest for possession of a sanguine-nervous temperament. He was an optimist by nature State, for the preservation of the Republic. and had unbounded confidence in himself and in Missourians, Those who most effectually tied the hands of the secessionist.a with whose capabilities, characteristics. sentiments, and preju­ and who unwittingly but most largely played into Blair·s were the dices he was as well acquainted as any man that ever lived. advocates of '· armed neutrality' ·-certainly the most preposterous On the 30th of l\fay, 1861, in urging the President to authorize theory ever hatcheu in the brain of m an . Who was its father can the enlistment of a large number of Missourians, he wrote these not now be definitely ascertained, as nobody is anxious to claim words, which, in the light of what happened in the succeedmg the dubious honor of its paternity. What it re31ly meant may be four years, appear amazing: shown by an incident that happened in the great hiatoric county Wen.re well ablo­ of Pike, where I now reside-a county which furnished 1 brigadier­ He said- general and 5 colonels to the Union Army and 3 colonels to the to tnko care of ourselves in this State, without assistance from elsewhere, if Confederate, with a full complement of officers ancl men. o.uthorizod to raise a sufficient force within the State; and after that work Early in 1 1 61 a great "neutrality meeting" was held at Bowl­ is done we c.-i.n take care of the secessionists from the Arkansas lirio to tho ing Green, the county seat. Hon. William L . Gatewood, a promi­ Gulf, along the west shore of the .Mississippi. nent lawyer, a Virginian or Kentuckian by birth, an ardent The most spe.::tacular feature of the great Chicago national Re­ Southern sympathizer, subsequently a State senator, was elected publican convention of 1880 was Conkling·s speech nominating chairman. The Pike County orators were out in full force, but Grant. That m asterful oration will be read with rapture by chief among them was Hon. George W . Anderson, also a promi­ mHlions yet unborn. It contained a single sentence which alone nent lawyer, an East Tennesseean by nativity, afterwards a colo­ made it worthy of remembrance. In describing Grant, Conkling nel in the Union Army, State senator, and for four years a m em ­ said: ber of Congress. E loquence was on tap and flowed freely. Men His fame was born not alone of things written and said, but of the ardu­ ous greatness of things done. of all shades of opinion fraternized; they passed strong and ringin~ resolutions in favor of" armed neutrality," and" all went merry The phrase "the arduous greatness of things done" was orig­ as a m:-irriage bell." inal with the brilliant New Yorker, and constitutes a rich and ·Chairman Gatewood was somewhat mystified and not alto­ permanent addition to our literature. It sticks to the memory gether satisfied by tho harmonious proceedings; so, after adjourn· like a burr. It fills a.long-felt want. It applies t o F r ank Blair ment sine die, he took Anderson out under a convenient tree and as well as to the great captain in whose presence the whole world in his shrill tenor nervously inquired, "George, what does 'armed uncovered, for Blair's fame rests also largely on "the arduous neutrality' mean. anyhow?" Anderson. in his deep bass, growled, greatness of things done." "It means guns for the Union men and none for the rebels! "-the Col. Thomas L . Snead, who was Price's chief of ordnance as trut,h and wisdom of which remark are now perfectly apparent. well as adjutant-general of the State Guard, who wrote TheFight [Laughter.] Soitwas, verily. Andersonbadhitthebull's-eye,and for Missouri, one of the very best books about the civil war, in no mistake. If he had orated for an entire month, he could not speaking of the battle of Boonville, pays this splendid and un­ have stated the case more luminously or more compre]:iensively. grudging tribute to Blair: He had exhicinity of Lexington. Price had indeed no alternative now remains that i t was honestly believed in and enthusiastically ad· lmt to retreat in all haste to the southwestern corner of the State, there to vacated by thousands of c&pable, brave, and honest men all over organize his army under tho protection of tho force which the Confederate Kentucky and Missouri. many of whom afterwards won laurels government was mustering m northwestern Arkansas under General Mc­ on the battlefield and laill down their lives in one army or tho Culloch for the protection of that State and the Indian Territory. other in defense of whnt they deemed right. Again, in summing up the achievements of Gen. Nathaniel When we consider the men who were against Blair it is as­ Lyon. who was Blair's sworn friend and ally, carrying out Blair"s tounding that he succeeded. To say nothing of scores. then un­ general plan, Colonel Snead says: known to fame, who were conspicuous soldiers in the Confederate By capturing the State militia at Camp .Jackson and driving tho governor from tl.ie capital and all his troops into the uttermost corner of the State, and army and who have since held high political position, arrayed by holding Price and l\lcCullocll at bay, he had given the Union men of l\lis­ against h im were the governor of the State, Claiborne F. Jackson; souri time. opportunity, and courage to bring their State convention together the lieutenant-governor, Thomas C. Reynolds; ex-United States again, and had given the convention an excuse and the power to depose Gov­ ernor Jackson and Lieutenant-Governor Reynolds, to vacate the seats of the Senator and ex· Vice-President David R. Atchison; United States members of the _general assombly, and to establish a State government which Senators Trusten Polk and James S. Green. the latter of whom was loyal to the Union and which would use the whole organized power of the had no superior in intellect or as a debater upon this continent; State. its trl'asury, its credit, its militia, and all its great resources, to sus· Walclo .P . Johnson, elected to succeed Green in March, 1861. and tain the Union and crush the South. the well-be loved ex-governor and ex-brigadier-~eneral in the Me::ri­ A few incidents out of a multitude which might be cited will can war, Sterling Price, by long odds the most popular man in show the character of political warfare in Missouri in the days the State. when Blair was on tho boards. No man bE:Jtween the two oceans drew his sword with more re­ Before the war he went to Hannibal to make an emancipation luctance or used it with more valor than ··Old P ap Price." The speech. A mob gathered to brnak up the meeting. While he was statement i ., not too extravagant or fanciful for belief that had he speaking some one hit him squarely in the forehead with an egg. been the sole and absolute commander of the Confederates who He wiped it off w ith bis finger, flipped it on the ground, and im­ won the battle of Wilson's Creek, he would have rescued Missouri perturbably proceeded, making not tho slightest allusion to the from the Unionists. incident. His marvelous nerve charmed his audience, hostile The thing that enabled Blair to succeed was his settled convic­ though it was, and those who had come to stone him remained to tion from tlle first that there would be war-a war of coercion. applaud. While others w ere hoping against hope that war could be averted ln the outskirts of Louisiana, Mo., stand four immense sugar 1899. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1467 trees, which, if the Druidical religion were in vogue in the Missis­ some of the world's greatest orators, among them Cicero, have sippi Valley, wonlcl be set aside as objects of worship by Demo­ been tbe veriest cravens; and no craven can lead men. crats. They form the corners of a rectangle about large enough Indeed, learning, eloquence, courage, talents, and genius all­ for a speaker's platform. Beneath their grateful shadow, with together do not make a leader. the Father of Waters behind him, the eternal hills in front of him, But whatever the quality is, people recognize it instinctively the blue sky above his head, in the presence of a great and curious and inevitably follow the man who possesses it. ' concourse of people. Frank Blair made the first Democratic speech Frank Blair was a natural leader. delivered in Missouri after the close of the civil war. E .-citement Yet during his career there were finer scholars in Missouri than was intense. Armed men of all shades of opinion abounded on he, though he was an excellent scholar. a graduate from Prince­ every band. When Blair arose to speak he unbuckled his pistol ton; there were more splendid orators, though he ranked with the belt and coolly laid two navy revolvers on the table. He prefaced most convincing and persuasive; there were profounder lawyers his remarks as follows: though he stood high at the bar; there were better mixers though . F ellow citizens, I understand that I am to b.e killed here to-day'. I have he was of cordial and winning manners; there were men, perhaps, JUSt co~o out of four years of that sort of busmess. If there is to be ::my of of ~tronger men~, al force, though be was amply endowed with it here, it had better be attended to before the speaking begins. ~rams, ~o good a Judge of human nature as Abraham Lincoln say­ . That calm but pregnant exordium has perhaps no counterpart rng of hun, ''He has abundant talents;'' ther{\ were men as brave m the entire range of oratory. thoughhewasofthe bravest; butasaleaderhoovertopped them an: I~~~h!t~~~:~ch~deE~i~::;~; Be~ieving sincerely that human slavery was wrong per ~e and For a time. that it was of most evil to the States where it existed he fouO'ht it He then proceeded with his speech, but had not been going more tooth and ~ail, not fro~ sympathy for the negroes' so mu~h as than five minutes until a. man of gigantic proportions started fr?m aff~ction for the.w?ites, and created the Republican party in toward him, shaking his huge fist and shouting, "He's an arrant M1ssoun before th~ civil war-a. most hazardous performance in rebel! Take him out! Take him out!" Blair stopped, looked the that day and latitude. At its close, when, in his judgment. bis man in the face, crooked his finger at him, and said, "You come party. associ~tes had become the oppressors of the people and the and take me ?ut!" which put an end to that episode, for the man enemies of hberty, he left them, and lifting in his mighty arms who was yelling ''Take him out!" suddenly realized that Blair's the Democracy, which lay bleeding and swooning in the dust. be index finger which was beckoning him on would soon be pres,.ing breathed into its nostrils the breath of life-another performance the trigger of one of those pistols if he did go on, and he prudently of extraordinary hazard. declined Blair's cordial invitation. This man was of the stuff out of which martyrs are made, and He got through that day without bloodshed; but when he spoke he would have gone grimly, undauntedly, unflinchingly, and defi­ at Warrensburg, a little later, he had not proceeded a quarter of ant~yto the bl.ock, th_e scaffold, or the stak~ in defense of any canse an hour before a prominent citizen sitting on the speaker's stand which h.econsi?ered JUSt. Though he was imperious, tempestuous, started toward B..air, with a pistol in his hand and with a mighty dogmatic, and impetuous, though no dangercould swerve him from the path of duty. though he gave tremendous blows to his antaO'­ ~ath, yelling: "T~ at st1;ttement is a lie!" which instantly precip­ onists and received many of the same kind, he had infinite ~tated a free fight, m which one ma.n was killed and several severely co~ ­ wounded. Blair went on with his speech amid ceaseless interrup­ passion for the help1ess and the weak, and to the end his heart re­ tions. I know a venerable, mild-mannered, Christian statesman mained tender as a little child's. now in this very Capitol, who for two mortal hours of that pan.de: . 'Yhen he c~me out of the Army, with his splendid military and monium stood w.ith his band upon his revolver ready to shoot C!vil record, it may be doubted whether there was any official po­ down any man that assaulted Blair. s1t10n however exalted beyond bis reach if he bad remained with Afterwards Blan· was advertised to speak at 1'.!arshall, in Saline the Republicans. I have alwaYs believed, and do now believe that Oounty. On the day of his arrival an armed mob was organized bJ'.' sev~ri~g his connec~ion with them he probably threw aw~y the to prevent him from speaking, and an armed body of Democrats V1ce-Pres1dency-poss1bly the Presidencv itself-a position for swore he should. A collision occurred, resulting in a recruJar which most ~tates~en pant even as the hart panteth for the water pitched battle. in which several men lost their lives and others brook. Durrng his long, stormy, and vicissitudinous career ha were ba?Jy injured. But Blair made his speech. always unhetdtatingly did what he thought was right for right's One mght he was speaking in Lucas Market Place, in St. Louis sake, leaving the consequences to take care of themselves. That when a man in the crowd, not 20 feet from the stand, pointed ~ he was ambitious of political preferment there can be no question· revolver directly at him. Friendly hands interposed to turn the b:iit office had no. charm& for him if it involved sacrifice of prm~ aim skywaru. "Let him shoot, if be dares," said Blair, gazing c1ple or compromise of conscience. coolly at his would-be murderer; "if I am wrong, I ought to be This great man, for great he was beyond even the shadow of a shot, but this man is not the proper executioner." The follow doubt, enjoyed t~e distinction unique among statesmen of being was hustled from the audience. · ?ated a~d ~oved ~n turn by all Missourians, of changing his polit­ Amid such scenes he toured the State from the Des .Moines ici:il affiliations v10lently t,:vice long after be had passed t}le form­ River to the Arkansas line and from the Mississippi to the mouth ative a?d .eff~rvescent period of youth, and, while spending nearly of the raging Kaw. The man who did that had a lion's heart in his entir hfe m the hurly-burly of politics, of dying at last mourned his breast. · by every man. and woman in the S~ate whose good opinion was. A LEADER.. worth possessmg. In that respect bis career is w1thout a parallel. The old Latin dictum runs: "Poeta nascitur, non fit." . The Born a Democrat, he served in this House as a Republican, in tho same is true of the leader of men-he is born, not made. Senate as a Democrat, and died, finally, in the political faith of his What constitutes the quality of leadership, .M:r. Speaker? You fathers. do not know. l 'do not know. None of us knows. No man can Change of .party affiliations by a man of mature age is nearly tell. always .a. pamful performance-generally injurious to his fame; Talent, genius. learning, courage, eloquence, greatness in many but Blair s ~wo C

while Democrats forgot the injuries he had inflicted upon them Out on a Kansas prairie stands a monument to old John Brown and remembered only the invaluable service he had rendered. reciting the fact, inter alia, that he commanded "at the battle of Union veterans named a GrandArmypost for him; Confederates Ossawatomie on the 30th day of August, 1850." proudly call their boys Frank Blair, and his fellow-citizens, with­ Whether the opposing commander has a monument I do not out regard to creed 01· party, erected his statue of heroic size in know. Forest Park to perpetuate his fame to coming generations. I witnessed only one battle during the civil w ar . A line in TIIE BORDER STATES DURING TJIE WAR. Gen. Basil W . Duke's entertaining book, l\lorgan and His Men is all that is vouchsafed to it in the literature of the war; but Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman once said, "War is hell!" surely it was the most astounding martial caper ever cut since Those who lived in ·•the border States" during our civil war and Nimrod invented the military art, and it fully illustrates the who are old enough to remember the tragic events of that bloody Kentuckian's inherent and ineradicable love of fighting-. but heroic epoch in our annals will with one accord indorse his I saw seven home guards charge the whole of Morgan's cav, idea, if not his sulphurous lapguage. alry-the very tiower of Kentucky chivalry. . It was easy to be a Union man in "fassachu setts. It was not prof­ I was working as a farm hand for one John Call, who was the itable to be anything else. It was easy to be a Confederate in proud owner of several fine horses of the famous ' 'copper-bottom •t South Carolina. It was not safeto beanythingelse. But in Ken­ breed. tucky, Missouri, ancl the other border States, it was perilous to be Morgan had, perhaps, as good an eye for a "saddler" as was the one thing or the other. Indeed, it was dangerous to be neither ever set in a human head, and during those troublous days his and to sit on the fence. [Laughter.] mind was sadly mixed on the meum and tuum when it came to I was a child when Sumter was fired on. living- in Washington equines-a remark applicable to many others besides Morgan, on County. Kentucky. I remember an old fellow from whom the both sides at that. Union raiders took one horse and the Confederate raiders another. Call, hearing that Morgan was coming, and knowing his pen­ So when a third party of soldiers met him in the road and inquired chant for the noblest of quadrupeds, ordered me to mount "in hot whether he were a Union man or a rebel, being dubious as to their haste" and ''take the horses to the woods." army affiliations, he answered diplomatically: ''I am neither ono Just as I had climbed upon a magnificent chestnut sorrel, fit for nor the other aµd very little of that," and thereby lost his thhd a king's charger, and was rounding up the others, I looked up and last horse to Confederates disguised in blue uniforms. [Laugh­ and in the level rays of the setting summer sun saw Morgan's ter and applause.] cavalry in "all the pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious The Kentuckians are a peculiar people-the most hospitable, war" riding up the broad gravel road on the backbone of a long, the most emotional, the kindest hearted under the sun; but they high ridge, half a mile to the sontb.. Fascin'tted by the glittering are born warriors. A genuine son of ''the Dark and Bloody array, boylike, I forgot Call and the peril of his horses and watched Ground'' is in his normal condition only when fighting. lt the gay cavalcade. seems to me that somel'lody must have sown that rich land with Suddenly I saw seven horsemen emerge from the little village dragon's teeth in the early days. To use a sentence indigenous to of Mackvillo and ride furiously down the turnpike to within easy the soil: ''A Kentuckian wiH fight at the drop of a hat and drop pistol range of the Confederates and open fire. I could hear the it himself." So the war was his golden opportunity. He went crack of the revolvers and see the flash and smoke, and when to death as to a festival. Nearly every able-bodied man in the Morgan's advance guard fell back on the main body. I observed State-and a great many not able-bodied-not only of military that oue riderless horse went back with them and that only six a.ge but of any age, young enough or old enough to squeeze in, home guards rode back to Mackville in lieu of the seven who had took up arms on one side or the other and sometimes on both. ridden forth to battle. Neighbor against neighbor, father agaim1t son, brother against Morgan's command halted, deployed in battle line, and rode brother, slave against master, and frequently wife against hus­ slowly up the hill, while I rode a great deal faster to the woods. band; the fierce contention entered even into theology, rent con­ The home guards bad shot one ma.n out uf his saddle and cap­ gregations in twain, severed the ties of blood, and blotted out the tured him, and Morgan had captured one of them. Next morning friendships of a lifetime. the home guards, from their forest fastness, sent in a fiag of truce Men who were born and reared on adjoining farms, who bad at­ and regularly negotiated an exchange of prisoners according to tended the same schools, played the same games, courted the same the rules in such cases made and provided. · girls, danced in the same sets, belonged to the same lodges, and Of course Morgan would have paid no attention to the seven worshiped in the same churches. suddenly went gunning for each men, but he supposed that even his own native Kentucky never other as r emorselessl y as red Indians-only they had a clearer vision nurtured seven dare-devils so reckless as to do a thing like that and a surer aim. From the mouth of the Big Sandy to the mouth unless they had an army back of them. of the Tennessee, there was not a square mile in which some awful I have often thought of that matchless deed of daring, and can act of violence did not take place. say in the lan~uage of the Frenchman who witnessed the charge Kentucky has always been celebrated for and cursed by its of the Light Brigade at Balaklava: "It is magnificent, but not b1oorly feuds-feuds which cause the Italian vendetta to appear a war." holiday performance in comparison. Of course the war was the Years afterwards one of the seven was sen din~ his children to evening-up time, and many a man became a violent Unionist be­ school to me. After I became well acquajnted with him. one day cau~e the ancient enemies of his house were Southern sympathiz­ I said to him, "Gibson, I have always wanted to lrnow what ma.de ers;-and vice versa. Some of them could have given pointers to you seven fellows charge Morgan." "Oh," he replied, "we were Fra Diavolo himself. all full of fighting- whisky"-an explanation which explained not As all the evil passions of men were aroused and all restraints only that fight, but thousands more. [Laughter.J of propriety as well as all fear of law were removed, every latent If that splendid feat of arms had been performed in N ew Eng­ tendency toward crime was warmed into life. The land swarmed land by New Englanders, the world could scarcely contain the with cutthroats, robbers, thieves, firebugs, and malefactors of books which would have been written about it. It would have every degree and kind, who preyed upon the old. the infirm. the been chronicled in history and chanted in song as an inoxhaust1ble helple ~s. and committed thousands of brutal andheinouscrimes­ theme. in the uamo of the Union or the Southern Confederacy. It is generally assumed by the wiseacres who write the histories Missouri, prior to the war, was more a Kentucky colony than that in the border States the old, wealthy, prom1nent slave-holding anything else. with the Kentuckycharacteristics, feuds and all. re­ families all adhered to the Confederacy, and that only the poor, produced in stronger and larger form in her amazingly fertile the obscure natives and the immigrants from the North stood by soil. So all that goes before applies to .Missouri as well as to Ken­ the old flag. This is a serious mistake. The great historic domi­ tucky. nant family connections divided, thereby m alrin~ confusion worse From the first Missouri has been the stormy petrel of American confounded. Prominent people wore the Confederate gray. Oth­ politics. The richest, the most im perial Commonwealth in the ers just HS prominent wore the Union blue. Union. her geographical location always placed her in the thick Dr. Robert J. Breclrinriclge, the great theologian, with a decided of the fight. She was a siave peninsula jutting out into a free­ and incurable bias for politics, who presided over tho Republican soil sea. national convention of 1864, which nominated Abraham Lincoln The first serious trouble on the slavery question came with her and Anclrew Johnson, was a stanch Union man. Two of his admission into the Union, and the second over the admission of sons achieved high rank in the Confederate armios and two others California-a Missouri colony. Most people date hostilities from in the Union armies. Sumter, April, 1:;oi. As a matter of fact, .MiRsouri and Kansas His illustrious cousin, John C. Breckinridge, resignocl his seat had been carn·fog on a civil war on their own hook for five or six in the United States ::)enate to become a lieutenant-general in the years before the first gun was fired in Charleston Harbor. Southern army, while Jamos S. Jackson, Representative from the If Sir Walter Scott had lived in that day he could have found Green River district, resigned his seat in the House to become a enough material for fifty novels descriptive of border warfare in brigadier in the Union Army and died a hero's death, leading his the forays and exploits of the Mistiourians and Kansans before the division on the hard-fought field of Perryville. first soldier was legally mustered into the service of either army. Rodger Hanson, the eloquent. became a Confederate general 1899. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. 1469

and fell on the field of his glory at Stone River, while his brother federacy under the lead of Governor Claiborne F . Jackson and won distinction on the other ·side as general of brigade. Gen. Sterling Price, the peerless soldier, aud with her vast re­ John J. Crittenden-the best beloved of Kentucky statesmen­ sources to command, Lee's soldiers would not have been starved unfiinchingly stood by the Union, while one of his sons wore the and frozen into a surrender. double stars of a Union major-general, another achieving similar If the Government built monuments to soldiers in proportion rank in the Confederate army. to what they really accomplished for the Union cause, Frank The Henry Clay branch of the great Clay family espoused the Blair's would tower proudly among the loftiest. Camp Jackson Confederate cause, while the Cassius M. Clay branch fought with is slurred over with an occasional paragraph in the history books, the traditional coura.ge of their race for the solidarity of the but it was the turning point in the war west of the Mississippi, Union. and it was the work of Frank Blair, the Kentuckian, the Missou­ John Marshall Harlan-now Mr. Justice Harlan, of the Supreme rian, the save owner, the patrician, the leonine soldier, the pa­ Court-with a pedigree running back to the cavaliers of James­ triotic statesman. town-won renown on many a bloody field, fighting under " Old Some day a Tacitus, Sismondi, or Macaulay will write a truth­ Pap" Thomas-" the Rock of Chickamauga." ful history of our civil war-the bloodiest chapter in the book of In the same army were Lovell H. Rousseau, the ideal soldier time-and when it i• written the Kentucky and Missouri heroes, and princely gentleman, and Benjamin H. Bristow, who missed both Union and Confederate, will be enrobed in immortal glory. the Presidency only by a scratch and through lack of organization It is said that figures will not lie, and here they are: To the of his forces. Union armies Missouri contributed lO!J.111 soldiers: Kentucky, I had two schoolmates. older than myself, named Dickinson, 75,760; Maryland, 46,638; Tenne~see, 31 ,0()2, and West Virginia, beardless boys and brothers, one of whom enlisted with Morgan 32,068-making a grand total of 204.669. . as a private and the other in the same capacity in brave old Frank Now, suppose a case. Supposo that as tho Aun was setting- on Wolford's famous First Kentucky Union Cavalry. The strange the gory field of Shiloh, when Albert Sidney Johnston died, all the fortunes of civil war brought these brothers face to face in the Kontuckians, Missourians, and Tennesseeans bad been suddenly great Indiana-Ohio raid-the greatest ride ever taken since horses subtracted from the Union Army and transferred to the Confed­ were first broken to bit and rein-and when Morgan was captured, erate side. Can any sane man doubt what would have happened? the Confederate Dickinson surrendered to his Union brother. .As certain as fate Ulysses Simpson Grant and the remnants of his In Missouri, Thomas Hart Benton, "the great Senator,'' a nrmy would have been captured or driven into the Tennessee and North Carolinian by birth and a Tennesseean by training, lost Beauregard would havo fattened his famished soldiers on the fer­ his curule chair in 1851 on the slavery question, and so long as he til{\ prairies of Illinois and Indiana. .All the Bnens and Nelsons lived his vast influence was for the Union; and it was his polit­ in Christendom could not have saved the silent soldier had it not ical pupil-Frank P. Blair, a Kentuckian and a slaveholcler­ been for the Kentuckians, Missourians and Tennesseeans fighting who more than any other held Missouri to the Union, while his for their country there; ard without Grant's bulldog tenacity the cousin, Gen. Jo Shelby, was the beau sabreur of the trans-Missis­ history of Vicksburg, Missionary Ridge, Cold Harbor, the "\V1lder­ sippi Confederates. ness. and Appomattox never would have been written. for the all­ To the same class belonged James 0 . Broadhead_, John B. H en­ sufficient r eason that there would not have been a-::iy t-0 write. derson, Edward Bates, Hamilton R . Gamble, Willard P. Hall, Suppose another case. Suppose that George H. Thomas had John D. Stevenson, 'rhomas C. Fletcher, Thomas T. Crittenden, gone with his State, as all his brothers in arms from Virginia did, Samuel T. Glover, John F. Phillips, B. Gratz Brown, John D. and that when Pickett made his spectacnlar charge at Gettys­ S. Dryden, James S. Rollins-the most brilliant orator and one burO', Thomas had in the nick of time reenforced him with the of the largest slave owners in the State-and a large minority, if 294,GG9 veteran Kentuckians, Missourians, Marylanders, West not a positive majority. of the leading Unionists of Missouri. Virginians, and Tennesseeans then fi~hting in the Union armies, So far as I know, only one Virginian of the first rank fought can any human being fail to understand what would have been for the Union--Gen. George H . Thomas-but he was a host within the result? Meade's grand army would have been ground to pow­ himself, the greatest soldier on the Federal side, for that will be der, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Harrisburg, Washington, New York the verdict of posterity after the sleight-of-hand performers have would have been taken, the nations of Europe woulcl havo run done juggling the facts of history for political effect. races with each other to recognize the independence of tho Con­ Indeed, it is safe to say that had none of the aristocratic fruni­ federacy, and more aid than he needed would have been freely lies-wrongfullyso called-nono of the great families, none of the tendered Jefferson Davis to enable him to realize the aspirations slaveholders stood for the Union, Kentucky, .Missouri, and Mary­ of the South for a separate government. land would have seceded, and if they had gone with the South In taking a retrospe'ct of the conduct of the border States during unanimously the Confederacy would have achieved its independ­ the war and of how the slaveholders therein fought valiantly for ence; but if those States had been solidly for the Union; if the their own undoing, I am forced to the conclusion that when Abra­ house had not been hopelessly divided against itself in all that re­ ham Lincoln said in his first maugural addres~- gion, the war would not have lasted ha.If so long and William H. I have no purpose, diroctly or indirectly to interfere with the institution Seward's optimistic prophecy of n. "ninety days' picnic" would of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to have been fulfilled. do so, and I have no inclination to do so- This brings me to the central idea of this speech-the mai:t~ fact-of which I never think without anger and resentment. for I he did more for the preservation of tho Union than was done by all b 0 lieve that justice should• be done, even in writing history, the speeches. great and small, delivered since the confusion of though the heavens fall, and it is this: tongues at the Tower of Babel, for that one declaration held hun­ Population considered, Kentucky and Missouri sent more sol­ dreds of thousands in the border States faithful to the Union who diers to tho civil war than any other Statt:i and receive less credit otherwise and naturally would have gone with the South. The for it . Kentuckians and Missourians belong to that class who, having put They were splendid soldiers, too. Theodoro Roosevelt says that their hands to the plow, do not look back, and they fought on after by actual measurement the Kentucky Union soldiers were the the emancipation proclamation as bravely and doggedly as before. finest specimens of physical manhood who were in the Federal lt may be that the fact that Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson armies: and when Jefferson Davis, himself a renowned soldier, Davis were both Kentuckians, born within a few miles of each reviewed the army at Corinth. he declared Coclrrell's Missouri other, added fuel to the flames throughout Kentucky :rncJ Mis­ brigade to be the most magnificent soldiers his trained military souri and wherever the Kentuckians had settled in large numbers. eye had ever gazed upon. The accident of their birth in the same vicinity contributed to the Nevertheless it is difficult to induce extreme Southerners to ad­ awful tragedy the element o, feud, inherent-in the Kentucky char­ mit that the Kentucky and Missouri Confederates were good Con­ acter. federates, though the Kentuckians and Missourians made a four At any rate, Lincoln understood tho Kentuckians and Missou­ years' war possible. It is even more difficult to induce extreme rians better than any other Republican President, and to tbe day Northerners, whose skins and homes and property were l:l-11 safe of his cJeath they had a warm place in his sympathetic heart. during- the war, to admit that the Unionists of Kentucky and Mis­ More than all this, the border State men fought, whatever their souri deserve any crecl it, when as a matter of fact they prevented rank. secession from succeeding. The only instance on record during the entire war of one field If Lovell H. Rousseau had never recruited his Louisville Legion; officer killing another in battle was at Mill Spring, when Gen. if old Frank Wolford and Thomas E. Bramlette bad never estab­ Speed Smith Fry, of Kentucky, a Union soldier, shot and killed lished Camp Dick Robinson, Kentucky would have· seceded and General Zollicoffer, commanding a brigade of Tennessee Confed­ the Ohio River would have been an impassable ban·ier to the in­ erates. The only parallel to this sanguinary performance in all vading armies. our military annals was the killing of Tecumseh, at the battle of lf Frank Blair had never capturecl Camp Jackson-for it was the river Thames, by Col. Richard M. Johnson, another Ken­ Blair who conceived and carried out that great strategic move­ tuckian, popularly called "Old Dick." ment, and not Gen. Nathaniel Lyon, of New England, as the Ed Porter Thompson. of Kentucky, a Confederate captain, Northern war books say-Missouri would have joined the Con- hobbled into the battle of Murfreesboro on his crutches, and for 1470 lCONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. lfEBRUARY 4, two days fought side by side with those possessing the sound­ In the time for killing, Frank Blair was one of the most per­ est and most stalwart legs, thereby rivaling the far-resounding sistent fighters. When the time for healing came, he was one of feats of Charles Xll of Sweden at Pultowa and Gen. Joseph the first to pour the balm of consolation into bruised hearts and Wheeler at Santiago of being carried into battle upon a stretcher. to bind up the nation's wounds. One of my own constituents, P. Wells, is the only soldier, liv­ In the Army he was one of the favorite lieutenants of Ulysses ing or dead, so far as history tells, that ever had a wooden leg shot Simpson Grant, who with knightly honor resolutely and cour­ off in battle, for the reason, perhaps, that he is the only soldier ageoutily kept his plighted faith to Lee, thereby preventing an that ever went into battle with a wooden leg. He survived his aftermath of death at the very thought of which the world grows wound to become a wealthy and enthusiastic Populist. pale. In Missouri the war was waged '\Vith unspeakable bitterness, In the fierce and all-pervading light of history, which beats not sometimes with inhuman cruelty. It was fought by men in single upon thrones alone, but upon all high places as well, Blair will combat, in squads, in companies, in regiments, in great armies, in stand side by side with the invincible soldier who said, "Let us the open, in fortified towns, and in ambush, under the Stars and have peace "-the noblest words that ever fell from martial lips. Stripes, under the Stars and Bars, and under the black flag. The [Loud applause.] arch fiend himself seems to have been on the field in person, in­ Mr. LLOYD. Mr. Speaker, Missouri presents to-day to the spiring, directing, commanding. Up in north Missouri Gen. Congress of the United States statues of two of her honored dead J oho McNeil took 12 innocent men out and shot them in cold and asks that they may be receivad and placed in Statuary Hall, blood, because it was supposed that some bushwhacker had killed in this Capitol, as a permanent memorial not only of her devotion a Union man. That is known in local history as "the Palmyra to their memory, but in recognition of the fact that few men have massacre," and has ''damned" John McNeil "to everlasting accomplished more for this nation than they have done. fame." It turned out afterwards that the Union man was still The cold marble, fashioned through skill and energy to repre­ alive, and so the 12 men had died in vain-even according to the sent the body of the living or the ery thing there is a. season and a ·time to every purpose under heaven: A time to kill, and a time to heal. This home, known as the Hermitage, is carefully preserved up to 1899. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1471

the present time and is _about 12 miles distant from Nashville. calculated to keep the growth of the country in check or to pre- Genernl Jackson took an active interest in Mr. Benton and as­ vent tha settlement and cultivation of it. . sisted him very [reatly in securing position at the bar. Colonel Benton, the first great statesman of the West-the only From Foote's tlench and Bar of the South and Southwest we oue of his time west of the Mississippi River-who was classed learn that Mr. Benton formed a partnership for the practice of with Webster, Clay, and Calhoun, championed early in his event­ the law at Nashville with the late 0. B. Hayes, a native of Massa­ ful career the cause of the people, and sought the enactment of clmsetts, of liberal education and more than ordinary ability. such laws as would secure the development of the country whose In the war of 1812 young Benton was General Jackson's aid-de­ oppression he deplored and whose interests were his own. He camp for a short time. He also raised a regiment of volunteers, believed that preemption, graduation, and homestead would cause but had no opportunity to engage in actual warfare. But no one this neglected portion of the vast domain to be dotted over with doubts his courage or his ability, if opportunity had come to him, homes of useful, industrious, and happy people, who would bring to meet an enemy on the field of battle. In 1813 he was appointed to the bar of their country's wealth the fruits of the possibilities a lieutenant-colonel in the United States Army by President :Madi­ of that matchless region, and that soon after its adoption the son. He at once started to Canada, but on his way learned that whole nation would be astonished at its rapid development, and peace had been declared, and returning, he resigned his commis­ would rejoice in its unexpected achievement. sion. Thus ended a short but willing service, for no man of his He accordingly introduced a bill which provided for the right day was more patriotic, and none braver could be found. The of preemption to the actual settler at the minimum price, the re­ laurels which come from victorious conflict could not be claimed duction of the price of the land, the graduation of the prices of re­ for him, but his devotion to his country is fully shown by his fuse lands in proportion to the time they had been in the market, voluntary offer to assist it. and the donation of homesteads to impoverished but industrious In 1815 he took up his residence in St. Louis and began the prac­ persons who would cultivate the land for a given period. He be­ tice of law. On account of his integrity, legal knowledge, energy, gan this battle for the emancipation of the farmer and laborer of and devotion to the cause of his clients, he soon built up a good that section almost alone. He renewed his bills for these purposes practice. He became connected during that time with a news­ with each succeeCling Congress, and developed the whole subject paper at St. Louis, which gavo him opportunity to reach the by throwing upon it the calcium light of truth with that un­ people. He advocateu vigorously such matters as he believed equaled industry and energy for which he was distinguished were for the interests of the growing West. He made a strong above all public men. fight in favor of the admission of Missouri to the Union notwith­ He reproduced these speeches in tho newspaper and upon the standing her slavery constitution. The stand taken in this m at­ rostrum, calling the people's attention to the importance of the ter had more to dot an any one thing, perhaps, in giving llim the proposed legislation and hoping that they would compel Congress prominence which secured him the distinguished honor of being to adopt his measures. The contest was long and arduous; it was one of the first two Senators elected by that State in the year 1820. met with the most determined opposition. His plans were Sir, we now approach the greater work of Colonel Benton-tlw.t thwarted from time to time by schemes for the distribution of broad field of labor in which he wrought so mightily for mankind. the lands or the proceeds of their sale among the States, which The rei:mlts achieved here will live in American history long after held out a glittering argument of greed and gain as a p~cuniary the enduring statue shall have become clouded with age. I have incentive to deny these great measures of justice to the undevel­ not the time to elaborate on his great service as a public servant, oped West. Bnt defeat aud delay left him undauntecl, and with and can only, in a very general way, refer to bis labors and to a greater cletermination and earnestness he pressed the battle. gain­ few of the vital questions which engaged his attention. He went ing· strength for his canse with each successive engagement. A into the Senate as a representative of the West ancl Western senti­ single quotation from one of his speeches will servo to show the ment. He could hardly be classed as belonging to either the scope of his reasoning: Nortll or the South at any period in his history, for while he was Tho example of all n ations, ancient and modern, republican nncl monar­ himself a slave owner he was an ardent Union man, and was cllical, is in favor of giving lauds in parce!s suitable to their wants to merito­ chiefly concerned that the flag of his country should ever wave riousculti\-ators. Thm·e is not a.u instn.nce upon ea1·th, except that of our own Fodornl Govornmont, wliich made merchandise of land to its own citizen~ . over a united people. He condemned the Hartford. convention in exacted tlie lltgbest price it coulu obtain. ancl refused to suffer the country to its disunion sentiment, ancl ever regarded his country as more be settled until it was paid for. The promised la.ncl was divided among the important than any part of it. childr0n of Israel. All the Atlantic States, when British colonies, were set­ tled upon grr.tuitous donationH or nominal sales. Colonel Benton was fullyimbued with the political teachings of Kentucky and Tennessee were chiefly settled in tho same way. The two Thomas Jefferson. the founder of tho Democratic school of states­ Floridas an1l Upper and Lower Louisiana were gratuitously distributed by manship, and was the very impersonatjon of the genius of the West, tho Kings of Spain to settlers, in quantities adapted to their means of culti­ vation, and with the wbolo vacant domain to select from. according to their where these theories had taken their deepest root. He knew bet­ pleasure. l\Ir. Burko, in his great argument in the British Parliament upon ter than any one who precec.led him its needs, its capabilities, the salo of tlie Crown !anus, saiu ho considered tho re\'onue derived from and its clestinies. He devoted himself with all of his unusual tho sale of Rueh lands as a trille of no account compared to the amount of powers of body and mind to the important duty of supplying r1wonuo deriYal>lo from the s::i.me hnds through tholI' settlement and culti­ tion. these wants. showing its capabilWes, and in proparin~ the way for its futnl'e development. He sought to expose to public gaze the Colonol · Benton~s advanced and statesmanlike views finally took vicious legislatfon that so hampered its growth and chained its hold upon the country. They were adopted by other public men, giant energies. • who took np the causo and assisted in its work, while the peo­ This un! ortunate condition resnlted in part from ignorance and ple rallied to his support. General Jackson and Mr. Van Buren, in largely from that local. selfish class interest which fixes it ·elf their messages to Congress on these questions, embodied his ideas . upon every object from which it may draw strength. He -insisted in recommendations. ?,fany of the States embraced his measures, that the prosperity of the West would be shared by ovory other and in many ways public interest was aroused until their passage section. He demanded the repeal of those laws by which her was securecl. Tho groat \Vest, in its development of this age, is lands were withheld from cultivation and settlement that they the monument to the enactment of that and other beneficent might be purchased and controlled by speculators; by .which her measures in which he took prominent part. He who holds his mines and saline lands were leased out to rich syndicates without farm by preemption right to-day, or through tho graduation laws, gain to anyone, and by which the necessaries of life w ere taxed or has been enabled to make a happy home for himself and family to pay bounties to some losing trade in another section. He be­ through the homestead enactmento, should accord to Colonel lieved in the fundamental noctrine of equality before the law. Benton the meed of praise for securing these legal rights. It is He resolved to attack and overthrow these monsters of evil because no exaggerated eulogy to attribute to him the first place among they were in opposition to that basic nrinciole of the Republic. those who wrought so well as to make possible the development 'The cultivation of the soil is the source of all national pros­ of the 'Vest and to show its colossal greatness. perity; it gives comfort and independence to the people, and Conspicuous among thesa efforts at. reform and legislation for is that upon which the nation must draw for its revenue, the masses was the overthrow of the salt tax. This article, so strength, and stability. At the time of Colonel 13enton~s ent1·y vital to our well-being, almost as necessary as the water we drink, into politics the minimum price for public lands was $2 per was-enormously taxed in order to pay a bounty to an unimportant acre; but none could be bought at that sum until it had first been interest in New England. When once these class interests have exposed at public sales to the highest bidder and rejected. The secured footing their tenacity is so great that it becomes almost result naturally was that speculators bought the best lands and impossible to make them release their hold. This tax was onerous held them up for higher prices, and none but refuse lands could and distressing to the whole country. but especially so to the be bought by the actual settlers at the minimum Government West. Colonel Benton made war upon it. It was a monopoly, price. · seizing an object of universal necessity and taxing it for the bene­ No one could go on public lands before sale, for he was then fit of the few. As such, he hated it; he wrote and spoke against treated as a trespasser and was likely to be ejected by military it until the whole country was aroused. He portrayed what authority. The mineral and saline lands were held by monopo­ would be the result of class legislation in an alarming manner; lists, so that the poor and struggling pioneer had but little chance but little, however, did he realize. with all his gifted forethought, in the race of life. No scheme could have been devised better what influence monopoly, trusts, and classes would have upon the 1472 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE. FEBRUARY 4, vital energies of the country he loved so well at the close of the Colonel Bonton was such that the early settlers of all the Western nineteenth century. country learned to feel that their chief advocate at the national His power in speech was now universally recognized. In Bun­ capital was Colonel Benton. gay's Offhand Ta.kings of Noticeable Men of Our Age he said of 'fhere are a number of other matters in Colonel Benton's official Colonel Benton: career to which I should refer did not limited time prevent. I As a speaker he is more argumentative than eloquent, more philosophical wish, however, to call attention to his views on the slavery ques­ than poetical; Webster, Clay, Calhoun, Benton, and Cass were to the United tion. It was his belief that there was a settled plan and d,etermi­ States Senate what the five senses are to the human system. nation on the part of certain eminent leaders to brrng about a In Bateman's Biographies of Distinguished Nation.al Men it is separation of the States. He repeatedly expressed this belief, and said: in the contest in 1850, when he was a candidate for the sixth timo Mr. Benton was distinguished by great learning, an iron willi practicn.l for the position which he had filled with so much credit, his views mind, and strong- memory. His speeches when written were firm y fixed in his mind. so that he could r epeat them accurately in public without the manu­ on the slavery question was an element in the campaign, and was script. He was industrious, determined, and unyfolding, with pockets over­ the cause, as most persons believe, of his defeat. The bitter ex­ flowing with statistics, and h1s head full of historical lore. perience of that deadly strife, of which his rejection for the Sen­ In biographical sketches found in the United States Democratic ate WaH one of the opening scenes, may well remind ns of the Review for the year 18.'>8 one of Colonel Benton's associates in the warning he uttered in vain, and of the sacrifices he made of him­ Senate relates an incident which shows the effects of his speeches self to save his State and country. in a very forceful way. Even those to whom his fiery zeal in defense of the endangered A subJect of some interest had been under discussion for sev­ Union gave offense will not now fail to honor the noble magna­ eral days. At the commencement of the debate Mr. Clay had nimity and lofty patriotism which prompted him to make the spoken against the measure. Prior to the taking of the vote Mr. contest. Personal feeling ran high at that time in :Missouri. Benton got the floor and spoke with unusual effect for more than After his defeat the people of his adopted city elected him to tha an honr, his argument being mainly a reply to the speeoh of Mr. House of Representatives, and when some of his friends were re­ Clay. To the surprise of the whole Senate, when the vote was joicing over bis victory in this contest be used these words, ''Ex­ taken Mr. Clay voted for the bill, and thus secured its passage. altation, my friend, is natural, but moderation is the ornament of l\1r. Clay explained the reason of this apparent inconsistency be­ victory." There never was a time when he was not devoted to tween his speech and vote by saying that he'' could not help it;" his country. He was anxious that futurity should find it unitorin gs and floods, and woe to the stategmn.n who shall undertake to surren­ relenting spirit. John Wilson, of St. Louis, en.me to see Mr. der one drop of its water or one inch of its soil to any foreign power. Webster on a matter of business at his home in Washington. He renounced the treaty for the joint occupation of Oregon with Mr. Wilson was a lawyer of extensive practice and of good talent, the British and urged the policy of planting it with an American a mun of violent prejudices and temper, who was ever in open colony. He made himself familiar with all that country lying opposition to the course of Colonel Benton. It was notorious.in between tha Mississippi and the Pacific Ocean. The hunters and St. Louis that when Colonel Benton went on the stump John trappers, fur traders, Inuian agents, Army officers, and others Wilson would be thore to meet him and to abuse him in the who visited the great West made their headquarters and place strongest terms; Mr. Benton would retnrn the fire. of outfit at St. Louis. He talked with all these, entertained them Mr. Webster had not seen Mr. Wilson for many years, but he at his home, and was their friend. He knew more of tlie conntry camo to him now prematurely old, with fortune wrecked. and told than those who had spent years in it, because he sought to know him of his desire to emigrate to California for his family's sake. everything that was known by all who had been thne. As far as he was concerned, poverty mattered not. but on account Ile ancl his colleague, Dr. Linn, constantly urged the planting of of those dear _to him he wished to try and mend his fortunes. He an American colony in the place of that founded by John Jacob therefore deslred a letter to some one in California which would Astor. They Rought to induce colonists, by donations of land and say that Webster knew him to be a respectable person worthy of military protection on the route and in the Territory, to settle in confidence. Webster said he knew no one in California. the then far-off land. These measures finally rewarded their ef­ Mr. Wilson insisted that this would make no difference, as every­ forts: the colony was planted, the joint occupation by the British body would know him and that therefore a certificate from him term~~ted by treaty, the route to the distant Oregon explored by would be the most valuable testimonial ho could have. Webster scientific officers, and the results have been promulgated. Lieu­ said he would write one with pleasure, but suggested that Colo­ tenant Fremont. at that time an officer of engineers in the United nel Benton, who almost owns California, could give a letter to States Army, a son-in-law of Colonel Benton. had much to do with Fremont and others that would be of great benefit to him. Wil­ these explorations and in the additions made to science and geo­ son looked at Webster in astonishment ano said he would not graphical knowledge. Lieutenant Fremont for years traveled speak to Benton; "no, not if it were to save the life of every mem­ over the West, and the intimate relation existing between him and ~er of my family;" that the thought of it made him shudder; that 1899. GONGRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE. 1473 ho felt indignant at its mention since Webster knew that they family for several months. His private and domestic ties were onl:v second to his public duties. He was devoted to the prosperity of this State and to were unfriendly. Mr. Webster replied that he understood the the glory and perpetuity of our Union. situation and, turning to his desk, wrote the following note to The following eloquent tdbute to Colonel :Benton is t aken from Mr. Benton: the issue of ono of the St. Louis papers on the day of the inter· DD.An Sm: I :im well aware of the disputes personal and political which h ave taken pl:u:e between yourself anu the bearer of this note, Mr. John ment: Wilson. But he is now old. and is going to California and needs a lotter of Greatn c3s is ended, recommenuation. You know evArybody, and o. letter from you would do An unsubstantial pagea.nt all; . him good. I have assured i\Ir. Wilson that it would givo you more pleasure Droop o'er the scene the funeral pall. to forget what bas passed between you and him and to givo him a letter that Weave the cypress for the bier of the departed; gather the burial cortege will do him good than it will him to receive it. I am going to persuade him to lay his body within its final home : summon ·fitting words of eulogy to to carry you this note. voice the sorrow of those who knew him in life and mourn him in death. Webster then read the note to Wilson, who promptly refused to For this day, amid the drooping of banners, the low wail of martial music, and the multitudinous concourse of our citizens. tho solemr! words" dust to dust carry it. After long and determined persistence on Webster's anu ashes to ashes" will be spoken over the r emains of Thomas H. Benton,~ part, Wilson softened down and agreed to leav.e the-letter at the statesman without. p oor. n patriot without price. Let us cleal gently with door. He told Webster afterwards that he took the note and his errors, r emember his labor, and embalm his virtues. In his public serv­ ices and in his private attachments, in his arduous labor and m his majestic delivered it, with his card, to Benton's servant at the door, and U. eath, he had earned an abiding place in tho memory of th e American people rushed to his apartments. To his great astonishment, in a very whilst his name will be emblazoned more in tho future than in the preRent a~ few moments a note arrived from Colonel Benton acknowledging one of the most illustrious of thosE' who gave so much of renown to the de­ the receipt of the card and note, and stating that Mrs. Benton and liberations of our National Council. he would have much pleasure in receiving Mr. Wilson at break­ .Missouri is proud of her honored dead. She rejoices in the fast at !) o'clock next morning. They would wait breakfast for achievementR of her sons. Many of her names are written high him and no answer was expected. Wilson told Webster after­ on the mount of fame. These two are not alone the object of her wards that it so worried him that he lay awake that night think­ admiration. In statesmanship many others are registered near ing of it, and in the morning felt as a man with sentence of death the top of the scroll of honor; in legal attainment she ranks wen passed upon him, who had been called by the turnkey to his last in the sisterhood of States; in euucational advantages she is breakfast. seldom surpassed. and in natural resources is without a peer. Making his toilet, with great hesitation he went to Colonel Ben­ Aside from these advantages, the chief glory of the Missourian ton·s house. He rang the aoorbell, but instbad of the servant the is in the honor and integrity of his citizenship. Charged with Colonel himself came to the door. Taking Wilson cordially by being border i·uffian by those who do not understand the char­ both hands. he said: "Wilson, I am delighted to see you; this is acter. of her people, with being outlaws by those who havo no the hap1.dest meeting I have had for twenty years. Webster has knowledge of their morality. with being uncouth and illiterato done the kindest thing he ever did in his life." Proceeding at once by those who have not learned of the education ~nd refinement of to the dining room, he was presented to Mrs. Benton, and after a her sons and daughters. she stands without a superior in the galaxy few kind words, Benton remarked: "You and I, Wilson, have been of States in the rectitude of her intentions. This great State quarreling on the stump for twenty-five years. We have been brings to you to-dn.y all that she has the power to do in honoring calling each other hard names, but really with no want of mutual the dead and humbly asks that these chiseled emblems, represent­ respect and confidence. It has been a foolish political fight and ing her sons, shall find suitable place in that apartment fixed by let's wipe it out of mmd. Everything that I have sajd about you law for that purpose, that, as the years roll on, it will be observed I ask pardon for." Wilson said they both cried, he asked Ben­ that she is not forgetful in cherishing the memory of those who ton's pardon, and they were good friends. Colonel Benton had have wrought so nobly for her welfare. [Loud applause.] meantime prepared a number of letters to persons whom he knew l\ir. BLAND. Mr. Speaker, I ask for the adoption of the reso­ in California, in which he commanded them to Rhow l\ir. Wilson lution. every favor within their power. The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. CO:N'NOLLY). The question It is not my purpose to refer to acts which the friends of is on agreeing to the resolution offered by the gentleman from Colonel Benton would blot from memory nor to deeds which could l\lissouri [M:r. BLAND J. bring the tinge of remorse. I would cover his imperfections with The resolution was agreed to. the mantle of charity, but would imprint in burning letters, if I Mr. BLAND. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House do now ad- could, his patriotism, energy, industry, honesty, and devotion to journ. the right as qualities worthy of emulation. Nor would my re­ ENROLLED DILLS SIGNED. marks be complete did I not refer to that greatest of his virtues, Pending the motion. the Speaker announced his signature t-0 which showed itself in the devotion and affection he exhibited enrolled bill of the following title: ' toward his family. S. 4070. An act to amend an act granting to the St. Louis, Okla­ In 1844 his wife suffered a stroke of paralysis. from which she homa and Southern Railway Company a right of way through never fully recovered. From that time Colonel B~nton was never the Indian Territory and Oklahoma, and for other purposes. known to go to any place of festivity or amusement, but devoted CilANGE OF REFERE:KCE. his leisure hours to tr)j.ng to m ake comfortable, pleasant, and happy the loved one so sorely afiiicted. No man, it is said, ever The Clerk read the following recommendation for change of ref­ regarded his family with more tender solicitude than did he. erence of House Document No. IlO, a letter from the Secretary of In this are evinced, perhaps, the true qualities of the man as War on the report of progress on deep waterways board: Respectfully returned with the recommendation of the Committee on Rail­ much as in anything occurring in the days of his eventful history. ways and Canals that so much of House Document No. 110 as refers to an Mrs. Benton, in the language of another, "was the pride and appropriation for completing the works under the charge of the board of en­ glory of his young ambition. the sweet ornament of his mature grneers on deep waterways ue referred to the Committee on Appropriations, and that the Committee on Railways and Canals be di~charged from the con­ fame, and the best love of his ripened age." These are the com­ sideration of said portion of document named. pleting qualities which enable us to know him who was-, Respectfully, HUGH R. BELKNAP, Lofty and sour to them that loved him not, For the Committee on. Railways and Canals. But to those men that sought him sweet as summer. LEAVE OF ABSENCE. Colonel Benton died April 10, 18:)8, leaving as his last audible By unanimous consent, lea'\"e of absence was granted to Mr. words '' 1 am comfortable and content." On the day of his burial STOKES for ten days, on account of important business. all business in St. Louis was suspended, every court adjourned, The motion of Mr. BLAND was then agreed to; and accordingly and it is saiU that 40,000 people were present and sought to pay (at 4 o'clock and 4G minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until their last tribute of respect. Before the adjournment of the Monday, Februai:y 6, at 12 o'clock noon. · · United States circuit court for the district of Missouri on that day, at the announcement of the burial of Colonel Benton,_Judge Wells, of that court, said: EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. I have heard with great sensibility of the death of Colonel Benton, one of Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, the following executive com­ the oldest m embers of this bar. He was a man who devoted nearly all his life to the service of this State. Colonel Benton and myself became munications were taken from the Speaker's table and referred as acquainted about forty years ago, and through all that time there was an follows: untloviating friendship between us. It is a great mistake to suppose that a A letter from the Assistant Secretary of War, transmitting a differ ence of opinion would disturb the friendship entered into by Colonel Benton. It was only when he supposed that he received a personal affront, communication from the disbursing clerk of the War Department or that such was intendecl, that he ever deviated from it. relating to certain suspensions of accounts in that Department­ He was a man of great talents, great cner~y, and indomitable will. He to the Committee on Appropriations. and ordered to be printed. devoted all thoso great qualities not to his own interest, but to the interest A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a copy of the Union and to this Sta.to. I have it from tho highest authority that, to r emain in this State and to devote his services to her interests, be refused of a communication from the Commissioners of the District of tho highest gifts in the power of the United States Government to hestow. · Columbia submitting an estimate of deficiency in the appropria­ He refused the office of Chief Justice of the United States; he refused being tion for Board of Children's Guardians, District of Columbia-to put in nomination for Vice-President and other high offices, all through a desire to serve this State. As a father, as a husband, and in all the domestic the Committee on Approp.riations, and ordered to be printed. relations, he was a model. This I know personally, as I was intimate in his A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a copy , XXXII-·-93 1474 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. FEBRUARY 4, of a communication from the Treasurer of the United States in pany B, Twenty-third Regiment of Wisconsin Infantry Volun­ relation to providing certain clerks for the remainder of the cur­ teers, reported the same with amendment, accompanied by a re­ rent fiscal year-to the Committee on .Appropriations, and ordered port (No. 1913); which said bill and report were referred to the to be printed. Private Calendar. A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting an Mr. BREWSTER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to estimate of appropriation submitted by the Chief of the Bureau which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 10355) to pension of Printing and Engraving for rental--to the Committee on .Ap­ Catharine C. Goodrich according to the military rank of her hus­ propriations, and ordered to be printed. band, reported the same with amendment, accompanied by a re­ port (No. 191GJ; which said bill and report were referred to the REPORTS · OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND Private Calendar. RESOLUTIONS. Mr. GIBSON, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, bills and resolutions of the follow­ which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 4701) granting an ing titles were severally reported from committees, delivered to increase of pension to Charles W. Tilton, reported the same with­ the Clerk, and referred to the several Calendars therein named, as out amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1916); which said follows: bill and report were referred to the P1:ivate Calendar. Mr. GRIFFIN, from the Committee on :Military Affairs, to Mr. DAYTON, from the Committee on Naval.Affairs, to which which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 11715) to author­ was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 5997) to relieve Alfred ize the reimbursement of officers and men of the .Army and Navy Burgess from the charge of desertion, reported the same without for medical expenses incurred during leave or furlough, reportecl amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1!)18); which said bill the same without amendment, accompanied by a report (No. and report were referred to the Private Calendar. 1904); which said bill and report were referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, .AND ME:i\IORIALS bill of the House (H. R. 11770) to provide for.the employment of INTRODUCED. women nurses in military hospitals of the .Army, reported the Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and memorials same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1905) ; which of the following titles were introduced and severally referred as said bill and report were referred to the Committee of the Whole follows: House on the state of the Union. By l\fr. LACEY: .A bill (H. R. 11981) to regulate the sale of Mr. SH.AFROTH, from the Committee on the Public Lands, to timber in forest reservations-to the Committee on the Public which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 11455) granting Lands. to the city of Boulder, in th~ State of Colorado, certain lands for By Mr. CRUMP.ACKER: .A bill (H. R . 11982) requiring the park purposes and for the preservation of the native trees on said Di.rector of the Census to furnish Congress with statistical infor­ lands, reported the same with amendment, accompanied by a re­ mation to be used as a basis for representation under the Twelfth port (No. 1914); which said bill and report were referred to the Census-tot.he Committee on Census. Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. By Mr. MAXWELL: A bill (H. R. 11983) to require common Mr. MILLS, from the Committee on the Public Lands, to which carriers to allow any act passed by a State legislature regulating was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 4690) for the relief of cer­ the duties or rates of carriage or freight of common carriers to be tain homestead settlers in Florida, reported the same with amend­ actually put in fair operation for a reasonable time, which shall ment, accompanied by a report (No. 1917); which said bill and not be less than six months, before any injunction shall issue out of report were referred to the Committee of the Whole Rouse on the a United States court to enjoin the operation of such law, and no state of the Union. injuction shall issue except upon facts shown by the petitioner in his or its bill, based upon the actual operation of the law-to the REPORTS OF COMMITTEES O:N PRIVATE BILLS AND Committee on Intarstate and Foreign Commerce. RESOLUTIONS. By Mr. COOPER of Texas: .A bill (H. R. 11984) to supply rural Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, private bills and resolutions of the districts and other loca1ities with revenue stamps-to the Com­ following titles were severally reported from committees, deliv­ mittee on Ways and Means. ered to the Clerk, and referred to the Committee of the Whole By Mr. STALLINGS (for Mr. WIIEELER of .Alabama) : .A bill House, as follows: · · (H. R . 11985) to establishapermanentmilitarypostin the vicinity Mr. SULLOW.AY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to of Huntsville. .Ala.-to the Committee on Military .Affairs. which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 4575) granting an By Mr. HENRY of Mississippi: .A bill (H. R. 11999) to attach increase of pension to John McVicar, reported the same without Claiborne County, Miss., to the western division of the southern amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 190G); which said bill judicial district of Mississippi-to the Committee on the Judiciary. and i·eport were referred to the Private Calendar. By Mr. LOUD: A bill (H. R. 12000) to amend section 40.U of He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the the Revised Statutes-to the Committee on the Post-Office and bill of the Senate (S. 2101) granting a pension to John C. Emery, Post-Roads. . reported the same with amendment, accompanied by a report · .Also, a bill (H. R . 12001) to amend section 3830 of the Revised (No. 1907); which said bill and report were referred to the Pri­ Statutes-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. vate Cu.lendar. .Also, a bill (H. R. 12002) authorizing the Postmaster-General to Mr. W .ARNER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to maintain a key-deposit fund, and for other purposes-to the Com­ which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 10738) granting mittee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. an increase of pension to Beeri Serviss, reported the same with .Also, a bill (H. R.12003) authorizing the Postmaster-General to amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1908); which said bill fix in certain cases compensation of postmasters of the fourth and report were referred to the Private Calendar. class, and for other purposes-to the Committee on the Post-Office Mr. HENRY of Connecticut, from the Committee on Invalid and Post-Roads. Pensions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R . 11704) Also, a bill (H. R. 12004) to amend section 392!) of the Revised granting a pension to Robert Hunt, reported the same with amend­ Statutes-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. ment, accompanied by a report (No. 1909); which said bill and By Mr. BANKHEAD: .A joint resolution (H. Res. 351) to report were referred to the Private Calendar. authorize and direct the Secretary of War to audit and pay cer­ Mr. RAY of New York, from the Committee on Invalid Pen­ tain expenses incurred by the States in the prosecution of the late sions, to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 5342) grant­ war with Spain-to the Committee on Military .Affairs. ing a pension to John M. Palmer, reported the same with amend­ By Mr. BULL: .Aconcurrentresolution (House Con. Res. No. 67) ment, accompanied by a report (No. 1910); which said bill and to print 20, 000 copies of the appendix to the report of the Chief report were referred to the Private Calendar. of the Bureau of N avi&ation,·Navy Department, for the year 1898- Mr. WARNER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to to the Committee on .l::'rinting. which was referred the bHl of the Senate (S. 2616) granting a By Mr. CURTIS of Kansas: A memorial from the senate of Kan­ pension to Harriette F. Hovey, reported the same without amend­ sas, for the encouragement of the merchant marine of the United ment, accompanied by a report (No. 1911); which said bill and States-to the Committee on the Merclrnnt .Marine and Fisheries. report were referred to the Private Calendar. . Mr. DRIGGS, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to PRIV.ATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS INTRODUCED. which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 2293) granting 11 pension to Andrew J. Snowden, of Nebraska, reported the same Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolutions of with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. Hl12); which the following titles were introduced and severally referred as said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. follows: l\fr. SAMUEL W. SMITH, from the Committee on Invalid By Mr. B ...IBRETT: . .A bill (H. R. 11986) to remove the charge Pensions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 8214) of desertion now standin~ against the name of W. B. Davis-to the to increase the pension of Francis Scott, late a private of Com- Committee on Naval Affairs. 1899. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1475

By Mr. BELFORD: A bill (H. R. 11987) for the relief of George passage of House bills Nos. 4930 and 4931, increasing the compen­ W. Young-to the Committee on Claims. sation of fourth-class postmasters-to the Committee on the Post­ By Mr. ER1\1ENTROUT: A bill (H. R. 11D88) for the relief of Office and Post-Roads. Levi L. Re'ed-to the Committee on Military Affairs. By l\ir. DALZELL: Resolutions of the Merchants' Association By Mr. GRIFFITH: A bill (H. R. 11!)89) to pay Henry Charl­ of New York, in r egard to freedom of private property on the sea ton, of Switzerland County, Ind., the sum of $120for one horse pur­ from capture in time of war-to the Committee on Foreign chased for the Government by Capt. J. W. Ross, United States Affairs. Army-to the Committee on War Claims. By Mr. DE ARMOND (by request) : Petition of H.B. Smith and By Mr. GAINES: A bill (H. R. 11990) for the relief of Walter 199 citizens of :Monteserrat, Mo., and of Thomas Day and 34 citizens Scott-to the Committee on Pensions. . of Lewis Station, Mo., in favor of the establishment of postal By Mr. HUNTER: A bill (H. R. 11991) to pension Riley Shrig­ savings banks-to the Committee on ·the Post-Office and Post­ ley-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Roads. Also, a bill (H. R. 11992) to pension John R. Johnson attherate By Mr. DOVENER: Petitions of S. 13. Woodburn and 202 citi­ of S30 per month-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. zens of Booker, W. Va.; C. H. Beall and 205 citizens of Aspin­ By Mr. MUDD (by request): A bill (H. R. 11993) for the relief wall, W. Va.; H. J, Hughes and others of Boreman; E. Riblett, of Charles H. Janney, administrator de bonis non of the estate of Hiram Snyder, W. G. Robertson, Mitchell McCoy, and other citi­ Joeeph H. Maddox, deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. zens of West Virginia, in favor of the establishment of postal sav­ By Mr. ROBBINS: A bill (H. R. 11994) granting an increase of ings banks-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. pension to John A. M. Leitz-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ By Mr. ERMENTROUT: Paper to accompany House bill for sions. the relief of Levi L. Reed-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 119!)5) granting an increase of pension to By Mr. FARIS: Petition of Horace P. Mcintosh, for reinstate­ Franklin Crise-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ment in the naval service-to the Committee on Naval Affafrs. By Mr. SPRAGUE: A bilr(H. R. 11996) granting a pension to By Mr. FLETCHER: Resolution of the Minneapolis Board of David Smith-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Trade in favor of the bill for the construction of a submarine cable By Mr. STALLINGS (for Mr. WHEELER of Alabama): A bill from San Francisco to Honolulu, J apan, and Philippine Islands, (H. R. 119!)7) to increase the pension of Agnes K. Capron-to the and that the cable used in its construction shall be made in the Committee on Pensions. · United States-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ Also (for Mr. WHEELER of Alabama): A bill (H. R. 11908) to merce. increase the pension of Lillian Capron-to the Committee on Pen- By Mr.·GRAHAl\I: Petition of the Chamber of Commerce of sions. · Pittsburg, Pa., George H. Anderson, secretary, urging measures to promote the ocean carrying trade in vessels under the American flag-to the Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries. PETITIONS, ETC. Also, resolutions of the Merchants' Association of New York, Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions and papers relating to. the freedom of private property on the sea from cap­ were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: ture during war-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Dy Mr. BELFORD: Petition of St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal By Mr. GROUT: Petition of P. N. Granger, pastor, and the Church of Northport, N. Y., favoring the Ellis bill to prohibit the Methodist Episcopal and Congregational churches of Irasburg, Vt., sale of liquor in Government buildings-to the Committee on to prohibit interstate gambling by telegraph, telephone, or other­ 4Jcoholic Liquor Traffic. wise-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Also, resolution of the Chamber of Com~erce of Knoxville, Also, petition of L. Dodd, pastor, and the congregation of the Tenn., for the continuance of fast mail service through the South Congregational and Methodist Episcopal chm~ches of Irasburg, and entire United States-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Vt., to prohibit the sale of liquor in, Government buildings, etc.­ Post-Road:5. to the Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. Also, petition of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of By Mr. KETCHAM: Petition of Rev. Charles L. Carhart and Aquebogue, N. Y., in favor of the passage of the Ellis bill, Hep­ 150 citizens of Marlboro, N. Y., against the seating of Brigham burn bill, Gillet bill, and to continue the present liquor laws of H. Roberts as a Representative from Utah-to the Committee on Alaska-to the Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. Elections No. 1. Also, resolutions of the Merchants' Association of New York, in Also, petitions of the Society of Friends and Woman's Christian regard to freedom of private property on the sea from capture Temperance Union of Millbrook, N. Y., to prohibit sale of intoxi­ during war-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. cating liquors in canteens, in immigrant stations, and in Govern­ By Mr. BLAND: Petition of citizens of Louisburg, Ridgewood, ment buildings-to the Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. and Macedonia, Mo., urging the establishment of postal savings Also, petitions of the Society of Friends and Woman's Christian banks-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Temperance Union of Millbrook, N. Y., to prohibit the transmis­ By .Mr. BODINE (by request): Petition of S. Laing and 76 citi­ sion by mail or interstate commerce of pictures or descriptions zens of Browning, Mo., in favor of the establishment of postal sav­ of prize fights-to the Com~ittee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ ings banks-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. merce. By Mr. BOUTELLE of Maine: Petition of Rev. George H . Also, petitions of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and Woodward and 111 citizens of Princeton, Isaac Coombs and 100 Society of Friends of Millbrook, N. Y., for the continuance of the citizens of Camden, D. H. Trafton and 105 citizens of Lambert prohil;>itory law in Alaska-to the Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Lake, State of Maine, in favor of the establishment of postal sav­ Traffic. ings banks-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. By Mr. MoCLELL.AN: Resolutions of the Merchants' Associa­ Also, petition of Lucius Smith and other citizens of Westfield, tion of New York, in reference to freedom of private property on Me., for free mail delivery-to the Committee on the Post-Office the sea from capture during war-to the Committee on Foreign and Post-Roads. Affairs. · By Mr. BURTON: Petitions of Woodland Avenue Methodist By Mr. MAXWELL: Petition of F. H . Patitz and 202 citizens of Episcopal Church, of Cleveland, Ohio, in regard to liquor laws in Davenport, Nebr., favoring postal savings banks-to the Commit­ Alaska and to prohibit the sale of liquor in Government build­ tee on the Po~t-Office and Post-Roads. ings-to the Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. By l\Ir. OTJEN: Letter from the Wisconsin State board of By ~Ir. CANNON: Petition of citizens of Iroq_uois, Ill., favor­ health, recommending the appointment of Dr. C. L. Wilbur, of ing the Ellis bill to prohibit the sale of liquor in Government Lansing, Mich., for the position of vital statistician of the Twelfth buildings, etc.-to the Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. Census-to the Select Committee on Census. By Mr. CLARKE of New Hampshire: Petition of the Wom­ By 1\ir. OVERSTREET: Petition of Calvin Dray and 2G citi­ an's Christian Temperance unions of Colebrook, Grantham, and zens of Fairfield, Ind., favoring the Ellis bill to prohibit the sale North Grantham, N. H., to prohibit the sale of liquor in canteens of liquor in canteens and immigrant stations and Government and in immigrant stations and Government buildings-to. the buildings-to the Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. By Mr. PRINCE: Petitions of the Methodist Episcopal churches Also, petition of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of of Zuma, Fairfield, and Hillsdale, Ohio, and Progress Club, of Colebrook, N. H., for the passage of the Hepburn bill prohibiting Milford, Ohio, to prohibit interstate gambling by telegraph, tele­ the transmission by mail or interstate commerce of pictures and phone. or otherwise-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign descriptions of prize fights-to the Committee on Interstate and Commerce. Foreign Commerce. . Also, petitions of the Progress Club, of Milford, Ohio, and Meth­ Also, petition of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of odist Episcopal churches of Zuma, Fairfield, and Hillsdale, Ohio, Colebrook, N. H., to forbid the transmission of lottery messages to prohibit the sale of liquor in Government buildings, etc.-to and other gambling matter by telegraph-to the Committee on the Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. Interstate and Foreign Commerce. By Mr. RAY of New York: petition of Paul Blunt for amend­ By Mr. COOPER of Texas: Petition of B. F. Hill and other ment to general pension laws-to the Committee on Invalid fourth-class postmasters of Houston County, Tex., asking for the Pens1ons. 1476 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. FEBRUARY 6,

By Mr. ROBBINS: Petition of Post 237, Grand Army of the Mo., praying for the maintenance of the prohibition la.win Alaska Republic, of Cookport, Pa., to prohibit the sa!e of liquor in can­ and the Indian Territory, and to extend it to our new, half-civilized teens and in immigrant stations and Government buildings-to dependencies; which was referred to the Committee on Territo· the Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. ries. Dy Mr. SHATTUC: Resolution of Local Union No. 1 of the He also presented a petition of the congregation of the Lucas International Union of Bicycle Workers and Allied .Mechanics, of Avenue Cumberland Presbyterian Chtll'ch, of St. Louis, l\fo., Toledo, Ohio. favoring the passage of House bill No. 7389, relating praying for the enadment of legislation to prohibit tho transmis­ to limiting the hours of da.ily service in Government works-to sion by mail or interstate commerce of descriptions of prize fights; the Committee on Labor. . . which was referred to the Committee on the Judidary. By Mr. SAMUEL W . . Sl\IITH: Petitions of W. N. Diamond, Ile also presented a petition of the congregation of the Lucas M. D., and 198 citizens of Haslett, and A. W . Haydon and 203 citi­ Avenue Cumberland Presbyterian Church, of St. Louis, Mo., pray­ zens of Decatur, Mkh., favoring postal saving-s banks-to tho Com­ ing for the enactment of legislation to prohibit the sale of liquor mittee on the Post-Office fnd Post-Roads. in canteens of the Army and Navy and of Soldiers· Homes, and in By J\Ir. SULLOWAY: Petition of the Woman's Christian Tem­ immigrant stations and Government buildings; which wasreferrod perance Union of Somersworth, N. H .. favoring the Ems bill to to the Committee on Military Affairs. prohibit the sale of liquorin canteens and immigrant stations and Mr. MONEY presented a petition of the congregations of sundry Government buildings-to the Committee on Alcoholic Liquor churches of Rocky Springs and B umphreys, Miss., praying for Traffic. the enactment of legislation to prohibit the sa e of liquor in can· Also. petition of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of teens of the Army and Navy and of Soldiers' Homes, and in im· Somersworth, N. H., to prohibit the transmission by mail or in­ migrant stations and Government buildings; which was referred terstate commerce of pictures or descriptions of prize fights-to to the Committee on Military Affairs. the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Mr. FRYE presented the petition of Mary S. Anthony and sun· Also, petition of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of dry other citizens of Rochester, N. Y., praying that women be Somersworth, N. H., to forbid interstate gambling by telegraph granted the right of suffrage in Hawaii; which was referred to or telephone-to the Committee on Interst~te and Foreign Com­ the Select Committee on Woman Suffrage. merce. Mr. GALLINGER presented a petition of the Woman's Chris­ By Mr. TODD: Petition of the Comstock Manufacturing Com­ tian Temperance Union and the congre~ations of the Methodist pany, of Comstock, l\Iich., recommending liberal appropriations Episcopal Church, the Free Baptist Cnurch, and the Advent for American exhibits at the Paris Exposition-to the Committee Church, all of Whitefield, in the State of New Hampshire, pray­ on Appropriations. ing for the maintenance of prohibition in Alaska and the Indian By Mr. WANGER: Petition of the Woman's Christian Tem­ Territory and to extend it to 01:J.r new, half-civilized dfi)pendencies; perance unions of Richboro and Langhorne, Bucks County, Pa., which was reforred to the Committee on Territories. to prohibit the sale of liquor in Government buildings, etc.-to He also presented a petition of the Woman's Christian Temper­ the Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. <1nce Union of Haverhill, N. H., and a petition of the Woman's Also, petition of W. S. Schlichter and 3!) fourth-class postmas­ Christian Temperance Union and the congregations of the Meth· ters in Bucks County, Pa., urging the passage of House bills N os. odist Episcopal, the Free Baptist, and the Advent churches, all of 4980 and 4931, relating to the compensation of fourth-class post­ Whitefield, N. H., praying for the enactment of legislation to pro· masters-to the Committee on tho Post-Office and Post-Roads. hibit the sale of liquor in canteens of the Army and Navy and of By Mr. WEYMOUTH: Petition of E. B. Parker, of Little Com­ Soldiers' Homes, and in immigrant stations and GoYernment mon, Mass., ancl 24 other fourth-class postmasters residing in the buildings; which were referred to the Committee on Military Af· Fourth Congressional district of Massachusetts. in favor of House fairs. bills Nos. 4900 and 41l31, relating to the compensation of fourth­ He nlso presented a petition of the Woman's Christian Temper­ class postmasters-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post­ ance Un ~ on of Haverhill, N. H., and a petition of the Woman's Roads. Christ1an Temperance Union and the congregations of tho Metho­ dist Episcopal, the Free Baptist, and the Advent churches, all of Whitefield. N. H., praying for the enactment of legislation to pro­ SENATE. hibit interstate gambling by telegraph, telephone. or otherwise; which were referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. MONDAY, Februarry 6, 1899. Mr. PETTIGREW presented the petition of D. M . Dickerson Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBunN, D. D. ~md 204 other citizens of Richland, S. Dak., and tho petition of The Vice-President resumed the chair. Samuel Dickey and 205 other dtizens of Sioux Falls, S. Dak., pray­ The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of the proceedings ing for the establishment of postal savings bank depositories; of Saturday last, when, on motion of .Mr. GRAY, and by unani­ which were referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post­ mous consent, the further reading was dispensed with. - Roads. REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF PATE" TS. Mr. LODGE presented a petition of the Farmers and Mechanics' Association of Needham, Mass., praying for the i:>peedy ratilica- ' The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before tho Senate the Annual Re­ t ion of the treaty of peace; which was ordered to lie on the table. port of the Commissioner of Patents for the year ended December He also presented a petition of the Chamber of Commerce of 81, 1898; which was referred to the Committee on Patents, and Boston. Mass., praying for the enactment of legislation to increase ordered to be printed. American shipping; which was or