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Energy National Policy Statements Appraisal of Sustainability - Appendices Supporting Evidence Volume I

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Energy National Policy Statements Appraisal of Sustainability - Appendices Supporting Evidence Volume I Energy National Policy Statements Appraisal of Sustainability - Appendices Supporting Evidence Volume I August 2021 © Crown copyright 2021 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected]. Where we have identified any third-party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at: [email protected] Contents Appendix A. Glossary 4 Appendix B. Response to Scoping Consultation 12 Appendix C. Review of Policies, Plans and Programmes 45 Appendix D. Baseline Data and contextual information 150 Appendix E. Recommendations made through the AoS process 209 Appendix F. Baseline Maps 215 Tables Table A-1 - List of Abbreviations 5 Table A-2 - Glossary of Terms 10 Table B-1 - Overview of responses to AoS Scoping document 13 Table 4 - Key Plans, Policies and Legislation – National (United Kingdom) 52 Table 5 - Key Plans, Policies and Legislation – Regional (England, Wales, Northern Ireland & Scotland) 93 3 Appendix A. Glossary 4 Table A-1 - List of Abbreviations Abbreviation Term ALC Agricultural Land Classification AONB Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty AoS Appraisal of Sustainability AQMA Air Quality Management Area BAP Biodiversity Action Plan BAT Best Available Techniques BCCUS Bioenergy with Carbon Capture Usage and Storage BEIS Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy BIM Building Information Management BMV Best and Most Versatile BNG Biodiversity Net Gain CCA Climate Change Act CCC Climate Change Committee CCR Carbon Capture Ready CCS Carbon Capture and Storage CCUS Carbon Capture Usage and Storage CfD Contracts for Difference CHP Combined Heat and Power CO2 Carbon Dioxide CPS Carbon Price Support DCO Development Consent Order DECC Department for Energy and Climate Change 5 Abbreviation Term Defra Department for Environment, Farming and Rural Affairs DfT Department for Transport DTI Department for Trade and Industry DWSZ Drinking Water Safeguard Zone EA Environment Agency EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EfW Energy from Waste EMF Electro-Magnetic Field EP Environmental Permitting EPR Environmental Permitting Regulations EPS Emissions Performance Standards EQLS European Quality of Life Survey ES Environmental Statement ETS Emission Trading Scheme EU European Union FCERM Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management FRA Flood Risk Assessment GHG Greenhouse Gas GVA Gross Value Added GW Giga Watt HDD Horizontal Directional Drilling HGV Heavy Goods Vehicle HIA Health Impact Assessment HMT HM Treasury 6 Abbreviation Term HRA Habitats Regulation Assessment IED Industrial Emissions Directive IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change kV Kilo Volt kWh Kilo Watt hour LDD Local Development Document LNG Liquefied Natural Gas LNR Local Nature Reserve LVIA Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment LWS Local Wildlife Site Mcm Million standard cubic metres MMO Marine Management Organisation MNR Marine Nature Reserves MPA Marine Protected Area MSFD Marine Strategy Framework Directive MW Mega Watt MWe Mega Watt equivalent NDC Nationally Determined Contribution NE Natural England NGCC Natural Gas Combined Cycle NMVOC Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compound NNR National Nature Reserves NOx Nitrogen Oxides NPPF National Planning Policy Framework 7 Abbreviation Term NPPG National Planning Policy Guidance NPS National Policy Statement NRW Natural Resource Wales NSIP Nationally Significant Infrastructure Project NVZ Nitrate Vulnerable Zone NZ Net Zero ODPM Office of the Deputy Prime Minister OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PPP Plans, Policies and Programmes PV Photovoltaic RBD River Basin District RBMP River Basin Management Plan RO Renewables Obligation SA Sustainability Appraisal SAC Special Areas of Conservation SAM Scheduled Ancient Monument SCI Sites of Community Importance SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SF6 Sulphur Hexaflouride SLVIA Seascape and Landscape Visual Impact Assessment SNCI Site Nature Conservation Interest SO2 Sulphur Dioxide SPA Special Protection Area 8 Abbreviation Term SPZ Source Protection Zone SSSI Site of Special Scientific Interest SuDS Sustainable Drainage Systems TAN Technical Advice Note UK United Kingdom UKCIP UK Climate Impacts Programme UKETS UK Emissions Trading Scheme WFD Water Framework Directive WfH Waste from Households WHS World Heritage Site 9 Table A-2 - Glossary of Terms Term Explanation Climate change adaptation Adaptation is about taking steps to live with the effects of climate and resilience change such as building quay walls and flood barriers. Resilience is the ability of a system to adsorb and bounce back after an adverse event. Carbon capture and storage A process by which the CO2 produced in the combustion of fossil (CCS) or Carbon Capture, fuels is captured and transported to a storage location and isolated Usage and Storage (CCUS) from the atmosphere. Capture of CO2 can be applied to large emission sources like power plants used for electricity generation, production of hydrogen from methane reforming and industrial processes. The CO2 is then compressed and transported for long term storage in geological formations or for use in industrial processes. Natural Gas with CCS Natural gas combined-cycle (NGCC) turbines with carbon capture (Abated Carbon) and storage (CCS) are a promising technology for reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the electricity sector. Green Hydrogen Hydrogen produced via electrolysis using zero carbon electricity. Hydrogen with CCS (Blue Hydrogen created via methane reforming using natural gas as an Hydrogen) input, plus CCUS. Not all hydrogen production methods are zero carbon. Some will rely on carbon capture, or being offset against negative emissions, to deliver a net zero outcome. While it is unlikely to be a major contributor to total annual electricity production, its role as a source of zero carbon flexibility and peaking plant will be particularly important. Hydrogen electrolysers can support integration of renewable generation. When paired with hydrogen storage and power generation, they can also provide seasonal flexibility which is important for whole system planning. Long-duration Energy Battery storage technologies are essential to speeding up the Storage replacement of fossil fuels with renewable energy. Battery storage systems will play an increasingly pivotal role between green energy supplies and responding to electricity demands. Larger, longer duration storage will be needed to support decarbonisation. Batteries make up most of the network connected capacity, however these typically have lower storage volumes, so large-scale technologies such as pumped hydro and compressed air provide more of the total volume of stored energy. Electricity storage is often co-located with wind or solar generation but can also be deployed in the transmission network and in the distribution network near load centres. Bioenergy with CCUS The coupling of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage to capture the CO2 produced during combustion. 10 Term Explanation Bioenergy has an important role in decarbonising our energy system and wider economy when combined with carbon capture, usage and storage (BCCUS) to deliver negative emissions. Nuclear Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity. Nuclear power can be obtained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion reactions. Presently, the vast majority of electricity from nuclear power is produced by nuclear fission of uranium and plutonium in nuclear power plants. Along with natural gas with CCUS needed to provide resilience during extended periods of low wind and solar irradiation. Nuclear, alongside other technologies could also offer broader system benefits, such as clean hydrogen production or low carbon heat Unabated gas Gas power stations that have not been fitted with carbon capture and storage technology to address carbon emissions 11 Appendix B. Response to Scoping Consultation 12 Table B-1 - Overview of responses to AoS Scoping document Consultee Nature of response Implications for AoS CADW Cadw have identified the following additional documents/ conventions should be included in the Additional documents noted above. They are: and added to the review of International Plans and Policies – no additional AoS Themes • Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001) - the energy ENS identified and considered that includes off-shore windfarms Council of Europe, European Convention on the Protection of amendments to AoS the Archaeological Heritage 1992, the 'Valetta Convention' Framework are not required • Council of Europe, European Landscape Convention 2000 UK • Protection of Military Remains Act 1986 • National Heritage Act 2002 • Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 Wales • Historic Environment Act (Wales) 2016 • Future Wales The National Plan 2040 Dept. DAERA would like the Environmental Report and HRA to contain a statement indicating the Noted for information – the Agriculture opinion on whether or not the implementation of the Strategy is likely to have a significant effect NPS does not apply to Environment ton Northern Ireland, in combination with any identified measures envisaged to prevent,
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