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Scarborough Castle Timeline TIMELINE Scarborough Castle This resource has been designed to help teachers plan a visit to Scarborough Castle, which provides essential insight into 3,000 years of history. Use this timeline in the classroom to help students understand Scarborough’s eventful past. Get in touch with our Education Booking Team: 0370 333 0606 [email protected] https://bookings.english-heritage.org.uk/education Don’t forget to download our Hazard Information Sheets to help with planning. Share your visit with us @EHEducation The English Heritage Trust is a charity, no. 1140351, and a company, no. 07447221, registered in England. All images are copyright of English Heritage or Historic England unless otherwise stated. Published September 2017 PREHISTORY ROMANS SAXONS NORMANS MEDIEVAL TUDORS STUARTS GEORGIANS VICTORIANS 20TH CENTURY 500000 BC–AD 43 AD 43–410 AD 410–1066 1066-1154 1154–1484 1485-1603 1603-1714 1714-1830 1837-1901 1901-1999 c.2400 BC AD 306 1046 1154 1199 –1216 1337 1415 1509–47 1642 1714 –27 1803–15 1901 Henry II (r.1154–89) Reign of King John. Metal objects, like axes Constantine Harald Hardrada The Hundred Years’ War The Battle of Agincourt was Reign of King Henry VIII. The English Civil War began. Reign of King George I. The Napoleonic Wars Queen Victoria died. became king. and swords, were more (r.306–37) became (r.1046–66) became King of between England and France fought between Henry V of Scarborough Castle was a were fought against commonly produced. Roman emperor. Norway, in Scandinavia. began. Scarborough was England (r.1413–22) and Royalist stronghold, controlled the French. attacked several times. Charles VI of France. The English by Sir Hugh Cholmley. 1533 1914–18 1066 army defeated the French. 1756 Henry VIII split from the 1837–1901 First World War. AD 314 The Normans invaded England 1307–27 Start of the Seven Catholic church and became 1649 Reign of Constantine ended the and won the Battle of Hastings. Years’ War. Reign of King Edward II. Supreme Head of the Church Queen Victoria. punishment of Christians They were led by William the Execution 1455–87 of England. in the Roman Empire and Conqueror who became King of Charles I 1939– 45 Christianity was made legal. William I of England (r.1066–87). (r.1625–49). The Wars of the Roses took Second World War. c.800 BC place between the Yorkists 1588 (supporting Richard, Duke of Tribes in England joined York) and the Lancastrians The Spanish Armada was together to form larger 1087 EVENTS IN ENGLISH HISTORY EVENTS AD 410 (supporting King Henry VI). defeated by the English fleet in 1660 groups known as tribal William Rufus The Romans left Britain. the Channel. kingdoms. (son of William I) Restoration of Charles II (r.1660–85). became king (r.1087–1100). 1000 BC AD 300 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 c.800 BC AD 370 c.1000 1130s 1202–12 1311 1424–9 1536 1624 1730s 1845 1914 Finds including axe-heads, The Romans built a signal A chapel was built within the The first castle was built by King John spent lots of money Scottish prisoners were held at King Henry VI (r.1422–61) Sir Ralph Eure, who supported King James I (r.1603– 25) Tourists began to flock to The arrival of the railway Scarborough was attacked by metalwork and pottery station on the the headland. foundations of the Roman William le Gros, Earl of York. strengthening the outer walls Scarborough by King Edward I repaired the castle after years King Henry VIII, was besieged sold the castle to the Earl Scarborough to bathe in the sea meant tourists could visit German warships during the suggest late Bronze signal station and a small He surrounded the headland and added a new royal chamber during the First War of Scottish of damage and neglect. in Scarborough Castle but of Holderness. as a leisure activity, which was Scarborough more easily. First World War. The castle Age people settled in cemetery was created. with a wall and built a wooden block in the outer bailey. Independence. managed to hold out against a new idea at the time. The population boomed was badly damaged. Scarborough. tower at the entrance. rebel attack. The king and Scarborough became a rewarded him by making him 1645 successful holiday resort. guardian of the castle for life. 1215 1484 1312 The castle was besieged 1941 1046–66 by the Parliamentarians 1760s c.500 BC The castle had 10 knights, 72 King Richard III (r.1483–5) A heavy air raid during the Old Viking stories called sergeants and 13 crossbowmen. The Earls of Pembroke and was the last king to visit and the keep was Holidaymakers began to Evidence of a second period Second World War caused ‘sagas’ tell how King Harald Warenne, along with Henry de Scarborough Castle. 1557 destroyed. Cholmley was transform the town. of settlement during the Percy, besieged Piers Gaveston further damage to the castle. Hardrada and his Viking The castle was seized by forced to surrender when early Iron Age. (a favourite of Edward II) at fleet raided the north Thomas Stafford in a failed supplies ran out. Scarborough Castle. coast of England, including 1243–5 attempt to overthrow Scarborough. King Henry III improved Queen Mary. He was eventually 1796 1984 Scarborough Castle’s defences. beheaded in London. 1662 French prisoners were kept English Heritage started to 1343 The castle was returned to at the castle during wars look after the castle. the Crown. with France. The barbican and outer 1275 1867 1159 – 69 defences were completed by Edward I (r.1272–1307) held Edward III (r.1327–77). The famous Grand Hotel The keep was rebuilt in stone court at Scarborough Castle opened. It was the biggest by King Henry II. and visited again in 1280. hotel in Europe at the time. SCARBOROUGH CASTLE THROUGHSCARBOROUGH THE CASTLE AGES 4TH 11TH 12TH 13TH 14TH 15TH 16TH 17TH 18TH 19TH 20TH BRONZE AND IRON AGES CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY SCARBOROUGH CASTLE TIMELINE.
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