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Technical Datasheet Analysis Name: MS Screening for Antibiotics in Milk Powders Method Number: LI-00.021 Scope of Application: Milk, milk powders, and similar milk products Description: A multi-residue method for the qualitative screening of antibiotic residues in milk products and similar matrices by turbulent flow chromatography (TFC) coupled to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sample Weight 100g Required: Analytical Platform: TFC-LCMS/MS Special information: Method is not applicable to infant formula samples containing more than 5% of starch nor to hypoallergenic recipes. The method is not suitable to determine starch, hypoallergenic material, meats, emulsifier, protein hydrolysate Analyte Reported Alias Unit of Limit of Reproducibility Measure Quantification Amoxicillin ppb 500 30% Ampicillin ppb 40 30% Cefadroxil ppb 750 30% Cefalexin ppb 100 30% Cefalonium ppb 100 30% Cefapirin ppb 100 30% Cefazolin ppb 100 30% Cefoperazone ppb 100 30% Cefquinome ppb 100 30% Ceftiofur ppb 100 30% Cinoxacin ppb 100 30% Ciprofloxacin ppb 100 30% Cloxacillin ppb 40 30% Danofloxacin ppb 100 30% Dapson ppb 100 30% Dicloxacillin ppb 120 30% Difloxacin ppb 100 30% Dihydrostreptomycin ppb 500 30% Enoxacin ppb 100 30% Enrofloxacin ppb 100 30% Erythromycin ppb 100 30% Fleroxacin ppb 100 30% Flumequine ppb 100 30% Gentamycin (Total) ppb 250 30% Hygromycin B ppb 1000 30% Kanamycin (A) ppb 1000 30% Lincomycin ppb 100 30% Lomefloxacin ppb 100 30% Marbofloxacin ppb 100 30% Nafcillin ppb 40 30% Nalidixic acid ppb 100 30% Neomycin ppb 1000 30% Norfloxacin ppb 100 30% Ofloxacin ppb 100 30% Oleandomycin ppb 100 30% Oxacillin ppb 40 30% Oxolinic acid ppb 100 30% Perfloxacin ppb 100 30% Penicillin G ppb 40 30% Pipemidic acid ppb 100 30% Piromidic acid ppb 100 30% Rifaximin ppb 100 30% Roxithromycin ppb 100 30% Sarafloxacin ppb 100 30% Spectinomycin ppb 1000 30% Spiramycin ppb 100 30% Streptomycin ppb 1000 30% Sulfabenzamide ppb 100 30% Sulfachloropyridazine ppb 100 30% Sulfadimethoxine ppb 100 30% Sulfadoxine ppb 100 30% Sulfamerazine ppb 100 30% Sulfameter ppb 100 30% Sulfamethazine ppb 100 30% Sulfamethizole ppb 100 30% Sulfamethoxazole ppb 100 30% Sulfamethoxypyridazine ppb 100 30% Sulfamonomethoxine ppb 100 30% Sulfamoxole ppb 100 30% Sulfapyridine ppb 100 30% Sullfaquinoxaline ppb 100 30% Sulfathiazole ppb 100 30% Sulfisomidine ppb 100 30% Tilmicosin ppb 100 30% Trimethoprim ppb 100 30% Tylosin ppb 100 30% Virginiamycin ppb 100 30% 6625 Eiterman Rd, Dublin, OH , 43017 P (614) 526.5200 E [email protected] .

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Folic Acid Antagonists: Antimicrobial and Immunomodulating Mechanisms and Applications
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Folic Acid Antagonists: Antimicrobial and Immunomodulating Mechanisms and Applications Daniel Fernández-Villa 1, Maria Rosa Aguilar 1,2 and Luis Rojo 1,2,* 1 Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (D.F.-V.); [email protected] (M.R.A.) 2 Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 28029 Madrid, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-915-622-900 Received: 18 September 2019; Accepted: 7 October 2019; Published: 9 October 2019 Abstract: Bacterial, protozoan and other microbial infections share an accelerated metabolic rate. In order to ensure a proper functioning of cell replication and proteins and nucleic acids synthesis processes, folate metabolism rate is also increased in these cases. For this reason, folic acid antagonists have been used since their discovery to treat different kinds of microbial infections, taking advantage of this metabolic difference when compared with human cells. However, resistances to these compounds have emerged since then and only combined therapies are currently used in clinic. In addition, some of these compounds have been found to have an immunomodulatory behavior that allows clinicians using them as anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive drugs. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an updated state-of-the-art on the use of antifolates as antibacterial and immunomodulating agents in the clinical setting, as well as to present their action mechanisms and currently investigated biomedical applications. Keywords: folic acid antagonists; antifolates; antibiotics; antibacterials; immunomodulation; sulfonamides; antimalarial 1.
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1. Purpose & Scope the Objective of This Work Instruction Is to Provide
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