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Principles and Tools for Protecting Australian Rivers

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Principles and Tools for Protecting Australian Rivers Principles and Tools for Protecting Australian Rivers N. Phillips, J. Bennett and D. Moulton The National Rivers Consortium is a consortium of policy makers, river managers and scientists. Its vision is to achieve continuous improvement in the health of Australia’s rivers. The role of the consortium is coordination and leadership in river restoration and protection, through sharing and enhancing the skills and knowledge of its members. Partners making a significant financial contribution to the National Rivers Consortium and represented on the Board of Management are: Land & Water Australia Murray–Darling Basin Commission Water and Rivers Commission, Western Australia CSIRO Land and Water Published by: Land & Water Australia GPO Box 2182 Canberra ACT 2601 Telephone: (02) 6257 3379 Facsimile: (02) 6257 3420 Email: [email protected] WebSite: www.lwa.gov.au © Land & Water Australia Disclaimer: The information contained in this publication has been published by Land & Water Australia to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the sustainable management of land, water and vegetation. When technical information has been prepared by or contributed by authors external to the Corporation, readers should contact the author(s), and conduct their own enquiries, before making use of that information. Publication data: ‘Principles and Tools for Protecting Australian Rivers’, Phillips, N., Bennett, J. and Moulton, D., Land & Water Australia, 2001. Authors: Phillips, N., Bennett, J. and Moulton, D., Queensland Environmental Protection Agency ISBN 0 642 76058 6 Web ISBN 0 642 76059 4 Design by: Clarus Design Printed by: CPP Instant Printing March 2001 2 Contents page Executive Summary 5 1 Introduction 7 1.1 Context of this report 7 1.2 Links to related work 7 1.3 Background 7 1.4 Developing and implementing a river protection plan 9 1.5 Scope and limitations 10 1.6 Methods 11 1.7 Components of the report 11 2 Principles of River Protection 12 3 Developing a River Protection Plan 13 3.1 Elements of the plan 13 3.2 Barriers/constraints to effective river protection 30 4 Case Studies Illustrating the Application of Protection Principles and Tools 31 4.1 Draft Mary River Rehabilitation Plan (Queensland) 31 4.2 Capel River Action Plan (Western Australia) 34 4.3 Murrumbidgee Catchment Action Plan (New South Wales) 35 4.4 Barron River Management Action Plan (Queensland) 37 5 How Does It All Fit Together? 38 6 Where to Go for More Information 39 7 Acknowledgments 40 8 Bibliography 41 Appendixes 1 Examples of Planning Processes for Rivers 45 2 Examples of Principles Relevant to River Protection 48 3 Examples of Instruments Relevant to the Protection of Rivers 51 4 Management Roles for Waterways 60 3 List of tables 1 Principles aimed at protecting rivers 12 2 Criteria used to define ecological value 13 3 Examples of attributes used to determine ecological value 14 4 Examples of methods for describing condition 17 5 Examples of methods for establishing ecological value 18 6 Example of method for defining ecological value where little information is available and where minimal specialist skills are required 19 7 Example of method for defining ecological value where little information is available and where specialist skills are required (scoring table for naturalness) 20 8 Examples of methods used to establish relative ecological value 22 9 Example of a priority setting process and examples of waterway management responses 23 10 Biophysical reach prioritisation categories 23 11 Potential instruments available for the protection of ecological values of rivers 26 12 Summary of elements of rehabilitation frameworks used in developing the MRRP 32 13 Biophysical reach prioritisation categories 33 A2.1 Examples of general principles of resource management 48 A2.2 Examples of principles aimed at maintaining rare features 49 A2.3 Examples of principles aimed at maintaining naturalness 49 A2.4 Examples of principles aimed at maintaining representative river types 50 A2.5 Examples of principles aimed at maintaining biodiversity 50 A2.6 Examples of principles aimed at maintaining special features 50 A3.1 Examples of legislative protection of rivers 51 A3.2 Examples of legislative protection of flora and fauna 51 A3.3 Examples of legislative protection of water quality/quantity 53 A3.4 Examples of agreements relevant to the protection of waterways 54 A3.5 Examples of policies of relevant the protection of waterways 54 A3.6 Examples of strategies/programs relevant to the protection of waterways 55 A3.7 Examples of codes of practice relevant to the protection of waterways 56 A3.8 Examples of planning instruments of relevance to river protection 56 A3.9 Examples of voluntary property-based instruments 57 A3.10 Examples of financial and other motivational instruments 57 A3.11 Examples of voluntary action groups and programs 58 List of Figures 1 Key elements in the development of a river protection plan 10 2 Contribution of ERAPSM to priority setting framework 24 3 Continuum of river management activities 38 A1.1 Basic steps in the river restoration framework 45 A1.2 Queensland implementation of the National Water Quality Management Strategy 46 A1.3 Flow-chart summarising the 12-step rehabilitation strategy of Rutherfurd et al. (2000) 47 4 Principles and Tools for Protecting Australian Rivers Executive Summary Executive Summary The aim of this review is to identify the principles the reasons why we protect rivers. Examples of principles associated with the protection of riverine ecological of relevance to the protection of rivers are presented in values, as well as the methods used for the assessment of appendixes, while a synthesis of the ecological outcomes these values and some of the key instruments that could resulting from application of such principles was be used to protect them (ie. protection tools). Such an undertaken to produce a core set of principles for river approach complements existing tools associated with protection. These principles are that: river restoration. This report is aimed at anyone who is • the ecological value of rivers be protected; interested in the protection of rivers. This includes planners and policy makers, river managers, community • rivers be managed in an ecologically sustainable groups and individuals. It provides a background for such manner; users to the current thinking on river protection and a • rivers be managed to ensure their benefit to future guide to obtaining further information. It is not intended generations; as a prescriptive document and hence does not, for • State, national and international agreements that example, provide an exhaustive list of legislation from all affect river management be reflected in river States. It is intended as a guide to the types of management strategies; information that could be useful in the consideration of • the biological, hydrological and geomorphological river protection. diversity of rivers be maintained; • the ecological structure and functioning (ecological As this is a relatively new component of river integrity) of rivers be maintained; management, there is limited reference material of direct • natural streamflow characteristics be maintained or relevance for use in this document. As such, this mimicked through the provision of water for the document builds largely on work undertaken by Dunn environment; (2000) and the Queensland Environmental Protection Agency (various documents). The document also has • the longitudinal, lateral and vertical dimensions of direct linkages with a number of recently produced rivers be incorporated into river management documents, notably Koehn et al. (1999) and Rutherfurd strategies; and et al. (1999, 2000). Dunn (2000) provided the first major • the non-substitutable nature of rivers be recognised in synthesis of the ways in which ecological values of river management. waterways are identified and protected in Australia. The Queensland Environmental Protection Agency, in Secondly, the review describes the process and key conjunction with other research partners, is developing a elements required to develop and implement the ‘tool-kit’ of guidelines for protection of rivers through protection component of any river management plan. It is the Land & Water Australia-funded project not the intention of this document to propose the “Environmental Planning and Evaluation Guidelines for development of stand-alone river protection plans. Rather Rivers and Floodplains”, which will provide a conceptual this document promotes the use of existing planning framework for river protection, along with a number of mechanisms, with an increased awareness of specific related guidelines which operationalise the conceptual river protection requirements. As such, a river protection framework. Finally, Koehn et al. (1999) developed a plan can be considered as a subset of existing river planning framework aimed principally at restoring rivers, management plans. There are many examples of planning while the work of Rutherfurd et al. (2000) provides a processes for natural resources and these have the step-by-step guide to river restoration. following common stages: • establishing a vision; This review is divided into three major sections. • developing a plan; Firstly, the major principles associated with the • implementing the plan; and protection of rivers are discussed. These principles define • monitoring and review. Executive Summary 5 Each of these steps should involve the range of assessing the threats to these values and identifying
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