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Acari: Mesostigmata) در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺸﻬﺪ

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Acari: Mesostigmata) در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن (ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﮐﺸﺎورزي) Journal of Plant Protection ﺟﻠﺪ 30، ﺷﻤﺎره 4، زﻣﺴﺘﺎن 1395، ص. Vol. 30, No. 4, Winter 2017, P. 744-753 744-753 ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﮐﺰي راﺳﺘﻪي ﻣﯿﺎناﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎﯾﺎن (Acari: Mesostigmata) در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺸﻬﺪ 3 *2 1 ﭘﺮوﯾﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس ﭘﻮر - ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺻﺎدﻗﯽ ﻧﺎﻣﻘﯽ - ﻟﯿﺪا ﻓﮑﺮت ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ: 1395/03/17 ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش: 1395/07/28 ﭼﮑﯿﺪه اوﻟﯿﻦ ﮔﺎم در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺗﻨﻮع زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ آﻓﺎت، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻨـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺧـﺎﮐﺰي راﺳﺘﻪي ﻣﯿﺎن اﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎﯾﺎن در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺸﻬﺪ در ﻓﺼﻮل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1393 و 1394 ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪ از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺸﻬﺪ اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك از ﺑﻮم ﻧﻈﺎم ﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺣﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻗﯿﻒ ﺑﺮﻟﯿﺰ– ﺗـﻮﻟﮕﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﮐﻨـﻪ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج و ﺑﺪن آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻧﺴﺒﯿﺖ ﺷﻔﺎف ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.ﮐﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻔﺎف ﺷﺪه روي ﻻمﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮﭘﯽ داﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻫﻮﯾﺮ ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 20 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از 11 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺟﻨﺲ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ و دو ﺳﺘﺎره ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي و ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح زﯾﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ : * * Ameroseidae: Ameroseius plumosus (Oudemans, 1902), A.parplumosus (Nasr & Abou-Awad, 1986); Ascidae: Arctoseius cetratus (Sellnick, 1940); Halolaelapidae: Halolaelaps sp.; Laelapidae: Gaeololaelaps asperatus (Berlese, 1904), G.angustus (Karg, 1965), G.queenslandicus (Womersley, 1956), G.sclerotarsus (Costa, 1968), Laelaspisella * * canestrinii (Berlese, 1903), Haemolaelaps casalis (Berlese, 1887); Macrochelidae: Macrocheles glaber (Müller, 1860); Melicharidae: Proctolaelaps pygmaeus (Müller, 1859); Pachylaelapidae: Onchodellus karawaiewi **(Berlese, 1920), Pachylaelaps sp.; Parasitidae: Parasitus fimetorum**(Berlese, 1904), P.consanguineus (Oudemans & Voigts, 1904), Pergamasus falculiger* (Berlese, 1906); Rhodacaridae: Multidentorhodacarus denticulatus *(Berlese, 1920); ** * Urodinychidae:Uroobovella marginata (Koch, 1839); Uropodidae: Uropoda orbicularis (Müller, 1776). واژهﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯿﺪي: ﻓﻮن، Parasitiformes، ﺗﻨﻮع، ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي ١ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﯾﮑﯽ از وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي رﯾﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ در ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. در ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ راﺳﺘﻪ Parasitiformes، ﮐﻨـﻪ ﻫـﺎي راﺳـﺘﻪ ﻣﯿﺎناﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎﯾﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﮔﺮوه از ﮐﻨﻪﻫـﺎي ﺧـﺎك، ﻋﻤﻮﻣـﺎ ﻣﯿﺎناﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎﯾﺎن ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﻢ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻨﻮع و ﻫﻢ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ رژﯾﻢ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺷﮑﺎرﮔﺮي داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ دﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮدات زﻧـﺪه ﺧـﺎك ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ (56). ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﻪ در ﺧﺎك، زﺑﺎﻟﻪ، ﭼﻮب ﭘﻮﺳﯿﺪه، ﮐﻮد ﻣﺆﺛﺮﻧﺪ و ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ دﯾﮕﺮ ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك، ﻻرو و ﺗﺨﻢ ﺣﺸـﺮات، ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، ﮐﻮد ﺟﺎﻧﻮري، ﻻﺷﻪ، آﺷـﯿﺎﻧﻪ ي ﭘﺮﻧـﺪﮔﺎن، ﺑﺴـﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﭘـﺮورش ﻧﻤﺎﺗﺪﻫﺎ و ... را ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ (9). ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﯾﮏ اﺛﺮ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺎرچ، روي ﺑﺪن ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت و روي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن زﻧﺪﮔﯽ و ﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ (41). ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ، ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻣﻮاد آﻟـﯽ و ﭼﺮﺧـﻪ ﻣـﻮاد ﻣﻐـﺬي ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﮐﺰي ﺑﺎ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ آزاد ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨـﺪ در ﭘﺴـﺖ ﺗـﺮﯾﻦ ﻧـﻮاﺣﯽ ﺗـﺎ ﻣﯽﮔﺬارﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮي و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﮐﻮهﻫﺎ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ (17). ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺧﺎك ﻧﻘﺶ دارﻧﺪ (8 ،37 و 38). ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ و ﭼﺮﺧﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺎناﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎ ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه 2/. ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻐﺬي ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﺧﺎك ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺣﻀﻮر ﺗﺎ 5/4 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ و ﺑﺎ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﮐﺸﯿﺪهاﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺳـﻄﻮح ﭘﺸـﺘﯽ و ﺷـﮑﻤﯽ اﯾﻦ ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎ در ﺧﺎك ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ (39 ،42 ،71 و 36). داراي ﺻﻔﺤﺎت اﺳﮑﻠﺮوﺗﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. داراي ﯾﮏ ﺟﻔﺖ روزﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻔﺴـﯽ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي اﯾﻦ ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن دﺳﺘﺨﻮش ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات زﯾﺎدي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ در ﺣﺪﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﭘﯿﺶ ران ﭘﺎﻫﺎي ﺳﻮم ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬـﺎرم ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ ﮐـﻪ در ﻣﺮاﺣـﻞ و اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﻃﯽ ﺣﺪود ﯾﮏوﻧﯿﻢ ﻗﺮن ﮔﺬﺷـﺘﻪ روي اﯾـﻦ ﮔـﺮوه از ﭘﺴﺎﻻروي ﺷﯿﺎر ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ (ﭘﺮﯾﺘﺮﯾﻢ) ﻣﺘﺼـﻞ ﺑـﻪ آﻧﻬـﺎ در اﻧـﺪازه ﻫـﺎي ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﮐﺎر ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻄﻮر ﺣﺘﻢ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ در 40 ﺗـﺎ 50 ﺳـﺎل اﺧﯿﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ. دا ﻧﺸـﻤﻨﺪاﻧﯽ ﻧﻈﯿـﺮ ,Berlese, Oudemans 1، 2 و 3- ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ داﻧﺸﺠﻮي اﺳﺒﻖ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳـﯽ ارﺷـﺪ ﺣﺸـﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﯽ، اﺳـﺘﺎد و Koch, Kramer, Canestrini داﻧﺸﯿﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻓﺮدوﺳﯽ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ در اواﺧﺮ ﻗﺮن ﻧﻮزدﻫﻢ و اواﯾـﻞ ﻗـﺮن Halliday, Hirschmann, Karg, Evans (*- اﯾﻤﯿﻞ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل: Email: [email protected]) ﺑﯿﺴﺘﻢ و در ﻗﺮن ﺑﯿﺴـﺘﻢ DOI: 10.22067/jpp.v30i4.56235 ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﮐﺰي را ﺳﺘﻪي ﻣﯿﺎناﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎﯾﺎن... 745 ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت زﯾﺎدي روي اﯾﻦ ﮐﻨـﻪ ﻫـﺎ اﻧﺠـﺎم داده اﻧـﺪ (41). ﮐﺮاﻧﺘـﺰ (40) ﺣﺎوي اﻟﮑﻞ 75 درﺻﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻗﯿﻒ ﺗﻌﺒﯿﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد، ﻓـﺮار ﮐـﺮده و ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي راﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﯿﺎن اﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎﯾﺎن را در 66 ﺧـﺎﻧﻮاده رده ﺑﻨـﺪي ﮐـﺮده درون ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺟﻤ ﻊآوري ﻣﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎ، ﺑـﺎ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻈﺮ واﻟﺘﺮ و ﭘﺮوﮐﺘﺮ (69) اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 70 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﮐﺮاﻧﺘﺰ (41) از آن ﻫﺎ اﺳﻼﯾﺪ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮﭘﯽ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺷـﺪ . ﺣﺪود 10000 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﺮان از اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 27 در ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ درون ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده، 85 ﺟﻨﺲ و 183 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻔﺎف ﮐﻨﻨﺪهي ﻧﺴﺒﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻔﺎف ﺷﺪن ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ (23). ﺑﺪن ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ از ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ روز ، ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه و ﺳﺨﺘﯽ ﺟﻠـﺪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺟﺪﯾﺪﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﯿﺎن اﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎﻫﺎي اﯾﺮان ﺑﺪن ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﻮد. ﭘﺲ از اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن از ﺷﻔﺎف ﺷﺪن ﮐﻨـﻪ ﻫـﺎ، از ﻣﺤﻠـﻮل ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻓﯿﺘﻮزﺋﯿﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﺎﻇﻤﯽ و رﺟﺎﯾﯽ ( )27 ﻧﺎم ﺑـﺮده ﺷـﺪه ﻫﻮﯾﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎ روي ﻻم و ﺗﻬﯿﻪي اﺳﻼﯾﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. در ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 348 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺮﭼﺴﺐ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻤﻊآوري روي ﻻم ﻧﺼﺐ راﺳﺘﻪ در دﻧﯿﺎ ﺑﯿﺶ از 12000ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ (36). ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ اﯾﻦ دو ﻋﺪد ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ﻧﻔﻮذ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ و ﺑﻠﻮرﯾﻦ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻓﻮﻧﺴﺘﯿﮏ ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺎن اﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎ در ﺷﺪن آن، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ازﻻك ﻧﺎﺧﻦ ﺑﯽ رﻧﮓ اﻃﺮاف ﻻﻣﻞﻫـﺎ درزﮔﯿـﺮي اﯾﺮان ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت وﺳﯿﻊﺗﺮ و ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮي ﻣﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺧﺸﮏ ﺷﺪن اﺳﻼﯾﺪﻫﺎ، ﺑﺮﭼﺴﺐ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮط ﺑـﻪ اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت دارد. ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎ اﯾﺮان از ﻟﺤﺎظ داﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﻨـﻮع اﻗﻠﯿﻤـﯽ در ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﮑﺎن و ﺗـﺎرﯾﺦ ﺟﻤـﻊ آوري، ﻧـﻮع زﯾﺴـﺘﮕﺎه و ﻧـﺎم ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ را از ﮐﻨـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﺰواﺳـﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎي ﺧـﺎﮐﺰي ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﮐﻨﻨﺪه در ﺳﻤﺖ راﺳﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷـﺪه و اﺳـﻼﯾﺪﻫﺎ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﺪ. از آﻧﺠﺎ ﮐـﻪ ﻫﻨـﻮز ﺑﺴـﯿﺎري از ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﮐﺸـﻮر ﺑـﻪ ﻟﺤـﺎظ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ داﺧﻞ ﺟﻌﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺼﻮص اﺳﻼﯾﺪ ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫـﺎ ﻓﻮﻧﺴﺘﯿﮏ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ و از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪﮔﺎن و ﺗﻌﺪادي ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ذي ﺻﻼح ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺰواﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎ در ﺧﺎك، ﺿﺮورت ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه از ﻟﺤﺎظ و ﯾﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ از ﺗﻤﺎم ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷـﺪه ﻓﻮﻧﺴﺘﯿﮏ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﯿﻮاﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ آﻓﺎت ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ، در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در ﮐﻠﮑﺴﯿﻮن ﮐﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔـﺮوه ﮔﯿـﺎه ﭘﺰﺷـﮑﯽ ، داﻧﺸـﮑﺪه روﺷﻦ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. ﻻزم ﺑﻪ ذﮐﺮ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﮐﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺎناﺳـﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎي ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻓﺮدوﺳﯽ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺧﺎﮐﺰي در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي اﻧﺪك و ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑـﻪ ﮔـﺰارش ﻫـﺎي ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه (8، 10، 15، 16، 22، 24، 25،30،46، 26، 55، 57 و 62) ﺑﻮده ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ و ﺑﺤﺚ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﯽ، ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ ﮔﺴـﺘﺮده اي روي ﻓـﻮن ﮐﻨـﻪ ﻫـﺎي در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ 20 ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ از 16 ﺟـﻨﺲ و 11 ﺧـﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺘﻌﻠـﻖ ﺑـﻪ ﺧﺎﮐﺰي اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﻪ در اﺳﺘﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي راﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﯿﺎناﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎﯾﺎن ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﯾﯽ ﺷـﺪ . در اﯾـﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن، ﺗﻌﺪاد 7 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي و 10 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ ﻓﻮن ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ درﺑـﺎره ﻣﯿﺰﺑـﺎن ﻫـﺎ ، ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1393 و 1394 ﻋـﻼوه ﺑـﺮ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ و ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻫﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺣـﺮوف اﻟﻔﺒـﺎ ﺑﺎغﻫﺎ و ﻣﺰارع از ﺧﺎك ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ و ﭼﻤﻦزارﻫﺎ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣـﻮاد ﻫﻮﻣﻮﺳـﯽ، ﻻش داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮگﻫﺎ و اﻧـﻮاع ﮐﻮدﻫـﺎي داﻣـﯽ در ﺣـﻮزه ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن ﻣﺸـﻬﺪ ( ﻃـﻮل ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ´21:°58 ﺗﺎ ´08:°60 درﺟـﻪ ﺷـﺮﻗﯽ و ﻋـﺮض ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿـﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده (Ameroseiidae Evans (in Hughes 1961 ° ´ ° ´ 40: 35 ﺗﺎ 03: 36 درﺟﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ) ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻣﺪ (ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ,Ameroseius parplumosus (Nasr & Abou-Awad 1986) .(1 واﺣﺪ ﻧ ﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﺑﯿﻠﭽﻪ ﺧﺎك (ﺑـﻪ وزن ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒـﯽ 5/1 ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه: از اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ 6 ﮐﻨﻪ ﻣﺎده و 2 ﮐﻨﻪ ﻧـﺮ در ﺗـﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم) از ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪود 15 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮي ﻋﻤﻖ ﺧﺎك و ﯾﺎ ﺗﻮده ﮐـﻮد 10/9/93 از ﭘﺮدﯾﺲ داﻧﺸـﮕﺎه ﻓﺮدوﺳـﯽ، 22/12/93 از ﺧـﺎك ﻣـﺰارع داﻣﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑـﺮداري اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت ﻣﺮ ﺑـﻮ ط ﺑـﻪ ﻧـﻮع ﺑﺴـﺘﺮ ﭼﻐﻨﺪر در روﺳﺘﺎي ﺷـﺘﺮك و در ﺗـﺎرﯾﺦ 8/3/94 از ﻣﺰرﻋـﻪ ﯾﻮﻧﺠـﻪ در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑـﺮداري، ﻧـﻮع ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﮔﯿـﺎﻫﯽ، ﻣﺤـﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑـﺮداري و ﺗـﺎرﯾﺦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺧﻮاﺟﻪرﺑﯿﻊ ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري ﻧﯿﺰ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺧﺎك ﻣﺤﺘـﻮي ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﮐﻨـﻪ درون ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر در اﯾﺮان: اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اوﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺎر از ﺑﺎغ ﻫـ ﺎي ﻣﺮﮐﺒـﺎت ﮐﯿﺴﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ رﯾﺨﺘﻪ و ﭘﺲ از ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺮﭼﺴﺐ، ﺑـﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸـﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺟﻬﺮم (29) و ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ از ﺧـﺎك و ﮐـﻮد داﻣـﯽ در اﺳـﺘﺎن ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ، ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺪت 48 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ در داﺧﻞ ﻗﯿﻒ ﺑﺮﻟﯿﺰ ﻗـﺮار زﻧﺠﺎن ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪ (72). اﯾﻦ اوﻟﯿﻦ ﮔﺰارش وﺟﻮد اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در اﺳﺘﺎن داده ﻣﯽﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي درون آنﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﺮار از ﮔﺮﻣﺎ و ﻧﻮر ﻻﻣﭗ درون ﻗﯿﻒ ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ ﻇـﺮف 746 ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن (ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﮐﺸﺎورزي)، ﺟﻠﺪ 30، ﺷﻤﺎره 4، زﻣﺴﺘﺎن 1395 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (Ameroseius plumosus (Oudemans, 1902 ﭘﺮدﯾﺲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻓﺮدوﺳﯽ، 1/11/93 از ﺧﺎك ﻣﺰارع ﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪ در روﺳﺘﺎي ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه: از اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ 12 ﮐﻨﻪ ﻣﺎده در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ 15/8/93 از ﮔﻮﺟﮑﯽ در ﺟﺎده ﻣﺸﻬﺪ-ﮐﻼت ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺷﮑﻞ 1- ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺸﻬﺪ، ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي، ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻊﻫﺎي ﻗﺮﻣﺰ در ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ Figure 1- Map of Mashhad County, red squares are showing the sampling sites ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر در اﯾﺮان: اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ در ﺳـﺎل 2006 در اروﻣﯿـﻪ از ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺎﻟﻖ آﺑﺎدﯾﺎن و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران (31) ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد. روي ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪ (23). ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ از ﺧـﺎك ﻣـﺰارع ﭼﻐﻨﺪر ﻗﻨﺪ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺪواب (18)، ﺧﺎك ﺑﺎغ ﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﻮه اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Laelapidae Berlese, 1892 (21)، ﺧﺎك ﻣﺰارع ﻧﯿﺸﮑﺮ اﻫﻮاز (5)، ﻣﻮاد اﻧﺒﺎري در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﯿﺴﺘﺎن و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (Gaeololaelaps asperatus (Berlese, 1904 ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن (63)، ﺧﺎك ﻣﺰارع آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺧـﻮي ( 68) و ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه: از اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ 5 ﮐﻨﻪ ﻣﺎده و 2 ﮐﻨﻪ ﻧﺮ در ﺗـﺎرﯾﺦ ﺧﺎك و ﺑﺮگ ﺑﺎغ ﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺐ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻠﻤﺎس (3) ﮔـﺰارش ﺷـﺪه 4/7/94 از ﺑﺎغ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدو در ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﺟﺎده ﻣﺸﻬﺪ-ﮐـﻼت و در ﺗـﺎرﯾﺦ اﺳﺖ.
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