Notes and Queries 275

NOTES AND QUEEIES WHO WAS ANDREW HAMILTON? By Joseph Jackson Every writer who has given us a sketch of the life of Andrew Hamil- ton, the greatest lawyer of his time, has told us that his early life was clouded by mystery, and almost every one of these biographers has been equally uncertain as to his true name. It is admitted that he was highly educated, yet we have not been told where he received that training, nor have we been told where he was born. Usually, it might be said invariably, we have been informed that he was born in Scotland. There was a clue upon which the missing links might be reconstructed, but no one ever has had the temerity to supply them. This clue is to be found in the arms used by his son, James Hamilton, twice Governor of Pennsylvania. The arms used by James correspond exactly with that of the Hamil- ton family of Ireland and Scotland. One of the reasons the search has not revealed more has been the neglect of the Irish field of inquiry. There seems to be no reasonable doubt that Andrew Hamilton was a native of that island, although descended from the Hamiltons of Scotland. In the seal used by James Hamilton, but which is not known to have been used by his father, the anus correspond with the description of the Hamilton arms in O'Hart's "Irish Pedigrees," which is as follows: Arms: Quarterly, 1st and 4th gu, three cinquefoils pierced erm. Crest: Out of a ducal coronet or, an oak fructed and penetrated transversely in the main stem by a frame-saw ppr. the blade inscribed with the word "Through," the frame gold. Supporters: Two antelopes ar. horned, dually gorged, chained and hoofed or. Motto: Through. While there is no evidence that Andrew Hamilton ever used these arms, it is unlikely his son would have dared to use them if not entitled to do so. Consequently Andrew Hamilton may be regarded as a member of the Hamiltons who were Earls of Abercorn, and later Marquises of Hamilton and Dukes of Abercorn. The Dukes of Hamilton were loyal to the Stuart cause, and one of them died of his wounds received at the Battle of Worcester, where Charles II. was defeated by Cromwell and had to flee to France. Sir George Hamilton was the fourth son of the Earl of Abercorn, and was created a baronet in 1C60. Anthony Hamilton, the Count Antoine Hamilton, author of the Memoirs of Count de Grammont and of French contes, was the third son of Sir George, and in 1685, was Governor of Limerick. The first Earl settled in Tyrone, Ireland, as early as 1619. An Andrew Hamilton, "pensioner" (which means that his tuition was paid), was admitted a student to Trinity College, Dublin University, June 18, 1682, aged sixteen years. He was described as son of Patrick Hamilton, and was born in the County Tyrone. Our Andrew Hamilton was sufiiciently educated to open a classical academy in Virginia when he came to America, about 1690, and it might be suggested that the two Andrews mentioned might be one and the same person. There is every reason to believe that our Andrew Hamilton was entitled to that name, despite the statement that he chose to call himself "Trent" when he first came to this country; for he married under that name, and signed the name as witness to the will of his wife's father. 276 Notes and Queries Why he came to this country so mysteriously, and why for some years he wag known as "Mr. Trent," if he actually did claim that name, may also be cleared up by examining Irish history, instead of Scotch history. After the Restoration, which put Charles II. on his throne, things began to move in Ireland, and there was an entire turn over in the religious aspect of that kingdom. When James II. came to the throne there was another turn over, and the Irish virtually seceded after he placed Tyrconnel as viceroy of that island. There followed the struggle which ended in William, Prince of Orange, defeating the secessionists. While the struggle, which lasted from 1687 to 1689 was at its height, William sent Richard Hamilton to Ireland as an envoy to the defected district, but he joined Tyrconnel and the secessionists, out of his loyalty to James, who was a Stuart, though he was a Protestant. The forces of William triumphed, and there were many Irish refugees from among the nobility and upper classes. It might be suggested that Andrew Hamil- ton, then a young man, may have joined his kinsman, and consequently been in disfavor, if not worse, when William and Mary became sovereigns of Great Britain and Ireland. It is significant that Andrew Hamilton did not return to England until after the death of King William. Queen Anne, the last of the Stuarts, was on the throne when he went over in 1712, and he was then admitted to Gray's Inn, January 27, 1712-13, and on February 10th was called to the Bar. This is additional proof that his name really was Andrew Hamilton, for so he was entered. The only American writer who has indicated Hamilton's Irish birth, was David Paul Brown, who, in his "Forum" mentions, as if it were not subject of doubt, that Hamilton was born in Ireland. Every other writer has said he was born in Scotland. However, none of them has been able to pick out a birthplace for him. In one of his addresses before the Pennsylvania Assembly he spoke of "Liberty, the love of which, as it first drew to, so it constantly pre- vailed on me to reside in this province though to the manifest prejudice of my fortune," and this might refer to a flight from Ireland. Where he landed when he came to this country is unknown, but he is first heard of at Accomac, on the Eastern shore of Virginia. There he is said to have opened a classical academy. Later he is said to have been em- ployed as steward to Joseph Preeston, the owner of a large plantation in Northampton County, Virginia. After his employer died, he mar- ried the widow, Ann (Brown) Preeston, March 0, 1706. He is believed to have studied law in Maryland, and is said to have practiced there before coming to Pennsylvania, and before journeying to England to be admitted to practice at the Bar there. As no one appears to have learned the exact date, or even year of his birth, there have been guesses at the year in which he was born. Lately this has been decided upon as about the year 1676. The reason it is now suggested that he may have been born ten years earlier is based upon several premises. First, that he may have been the lad from Tyrone who became a student in Trinity College in 1682; and second, from observations made in his lifetime, by himself or others. In 1735, at the Zenger trial he is described as having "chearfully undertaken under great indisposition of the body," the service of acting as counsel for the unfortunate printer, and we are told that he offered to go to New York "without fee or reward under the weight of many years and great infirmities of body." If he had been born in 1676, as some writers have suggested, he would have been fifty-nine years of age at the time. Was that age, even in 1735, regarded as so old as to be characterized as "the weight of many years"? In 1739, on taking leave of the Assembly, he referred to "My age and infirmities which daily increase." He was then either sixty-three or Notes and Queries 277 seventy-three years of age. And the expressions scarcely would apply to a man of sixty-three; even one of seventy-three we do not look upon as being weighted with years. All that has been brought together here, of course, is speculation; but speculation based upon reasonable grounds. If they are correct we find that Andrew Hamilton was born in Ireland in 1000; that his name was Hamilton; and that he left Ireland, owing to his or his family's connection with James II. and the latter's attempt to keep his throne.

A NOTE ON "MISS KEYS, A FAMOUS NEW JERSEY BEAUTY" By George E. Hastings, Fayetteville, Arkansas Everyone who knows anything of Francis Hopkinson is familiar with the famous description of him given by John Adams. This description has been quoted so frequently that it is somewhat hackneyed, but be- cause of its connection with the main subject of my paper I am ventur- ing to quote it once more. In a letter written to Abigail, his wife, on August 21 1776, the grave New Englander told of a visit that he had recently paid to the shop of Charles Willson Peale, the artist. "At this shop," he continued, "I met Mr. Francis Hopkinson, late a Mandamus Counsellor of New Jersey, now a member of the Continental Congress, who, it seems, is a native of Philadelphia, a son of a pro- thonotary of this county, who was a person much respected. The son was liberally educated, and is a painter and a poet. I have a curiosity to penetrate a little deeper into the bosom of this curious gentleman, and may possibly give more particulars concerning him. He is one of your pretty, little, curious, ingenious men. His head is not bigger than a large apple, less than our friend Pemberton or Dr. Simon Taft's. I have not met with anything in natural history more amusing and entertaining than his personal appearance; yet he is genteel and well-bred, and is very social. "I wish I had leisure and tranquility of mind to amuse myself with these elegant and ingenious arts of painting, sculpture, statuary, archi- tecture, and music. But I have not. A taste in all of them is an agree- able accomplishment. Mr. Hopkinson has taken in crayons with his own hand a picture of Miss Keys, a famous New Jersey beauty. He talks of bringing it to town, and in that case I shall see it I hope."1 With the accuracy of this description and the spirit in which it was written we are not now concerned. John Adams was long ago rebuked for his somewhat superior attitude by no less a personage than Moses Coit Tyler.2 I, myself, have published what seems to me conclusive evidence that Hopkinson, though a small man, was neither freakish nor effeminate in appearance or manners.8 My purpose in this note is to give some additional information concerning a person about whose appearance all who saw her were in agreement, Miss Keys, a famous New Jersey beauty. From the time I first heard of this young lady, I have been like John Adams in hoping that I might some day see her picture; but so far my hopes have not been realized, though I have seen other portraits in crayon made by Hopkinson. Also, I have had much curiosity to know more about the lady herself, and this curiosity has at last been gratified, though not so fully as I could wish. 1 Familiar Letters of John Adams and His Wife, Abigail Adams, dur- ing the Revolution, edited by Charles Francis Adams (New York, 1870), pp. 216-17. 2 The Literary History of the American Revolution (New York, 1905), I. 1B2-168. 8 See particularly "Francis Hopkinson and the Anti-Federalists," American Literature, I. 405-418 (January, 1930). 278 Notes and Queries Several years ago Mrs. Francis Tazewell Redwood, of Baltimore, a collateral descendant of Francis Hopkinson, began collecting Hopkinson family letters with a view to publishing them. Circumstances arose which prevented her from carrying out her plan, and some time ago she turned the whole collection, consisting of hundreds of copies, over to me. While examining these letters, I came upon an interesting refer- ence to Miss Keys. Ann Hopkinson, a sister of Francis Hopkinson, was married to Dr. Samuel Stringer Coale, of Baltimore, in 1775. After her removal to her new home, she corresponded with the members of her family in Philadelphia as regularly as circumstances would permit, and many of the letters that she received from them have been preserved, most of them in the collection owned by her great-great-granddaughter, Mrs. Redwood. In June, 1775, Mary Morgan, sister of Francis Hopkinson and wife of Dr. John Morgan, founder of the medical department of the College of Philadelphia, wrote to her sister in Baltimore a long letter recount- ing some of the events that had taken place in Philadelphia. General Washington had recently passed through the city on his way to Cam- bridge. On June 20, he had reviewed the troops assembled in the capital, and on June 21, had started north, attended by a company of light horse which escorted him across New Jersey. Mrs. Morgan's letter contains the following account of the review: "Last Thursday we had a grand review of all the three Batallions all dressed in their regimentals, the first in brown and buff, the 3rd. brown turned up with white; and the 2d in brown and red. You see I have not mentioned them in their order, but it would not be me if I had, besides their is four other uniforms the Light Infantry to the 3 d Batalion are dressed in green & with white Iappels and white wast coats, breeches & stockens smart caps and feathers—it is as compleat a companey as can be, all gentlemen and most of them young fellows and very handsome, my neighbour Cadwalider capten and my brother George Morgan first Lieutenant, their is another companey all young Quakers, their uniform is light blue and turned up with white made exactly like the green, then there is the rangers Mr. Francis Capt. Their uniform is tanned shirts with a cape fringed. A belt round their wastes with a Tommy hawk sticking in it some of them paint their faces and stick painted feathers in their heads in short their aim is to resemble Indians as much as possible lastly comes the light horse Mr. Markoe their Captan there is only five and twenty of them as yet but really they look exceedingly well, you would be surprised to see how well the horses are trained for the little time they have been exercised, in short they all did extrodinerly well and made a most Martial appearance. What did not a little inspire them, was the pres- ence of a great number of the genteelest people of the place among whom was collected the most pretty Girls I have seen this long time, but the one that drew every ones attention was the famous Jersey beauty, Miss Keys, who is now on a visit to Mrs. Roberdeau she may justly be said to be the fairest where Thousands are fair, I have had an opportunity of seeing her more than once and think her a most beautiful creature and what makes her still more engaging is she is not betraing the least consiousness of her own perfections, I am it seems a most Violent favourite with her she is to dine here tomorrow you will wonder perhaps how this great intimacy took place, but you must know she has been indisposed since her coming to town and Doctor Notes and Queries 279 Morgan had the honour of attending her you know what an admirer of beauty he is, the rest followed of course."4 It will be noticed that this letter describes Miss Keys in exactly the same words as those used by John Adams in his letter written a year later. Knowing the date of Miss Keys' visit to Philadelphia and the name of Her hostess, one having access to the historical collections of Pennsylvania and New Jersey might easily learn more about this in- teresting girl and might possibly discover what became of the portrait of her made by Francis Hopkinson.

MISSING LEAF FROM JOHN IRWIN'S VALLEY FORGE OEDEELT BOOK FOUND. The following is transcribed from a leaf of two written pages, in size 6-1/8 x 7-7/8 inches, long in possession of my family in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, it coming into our possession from our forebears the Stephens family resident since Colonial times at Valley Forge. The line of descent is thus: (1) Abijah Stephens (at whose house General Weedon made his headquarters at the time of the Valley Forge en- campment), married Priscilla Thomas; (2) Sarah Stephens, married Edward Woodman, a soldier; (3) Henry Woodman (1795-1879), the historian, married Mary Smith; (4) Wilson M. Woodman married Louisa Herre; (5) Alice R. Woodman married Clarence H. Smith; (6) C. Arthur Smith. Upon examination the old manuscript is found to be in the hand- writing of John Irwin,* Adjutant of the Second Pennsylvania Regiment, being the missing leaf, pages 5-6, of his original holograph Valley Forge Orderly Book, in the Manuscript Division of The Historical So- ciety of Pennsylvania. This Orderly Book, which contains 184 written pages, was begun at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, February 20, 1778, and ended at Valley Forge, May 27, 1778. C. ARTHUR SMITH, Wycombe, Pennsylvania. [Page 5] Lancaster March 9th, 1778 A Garrisson Court Martial to Sit tomorrow Morning at 10 OClock for the Tryal of all Shuch prisoners As May be brought before them President Ged Gibson Col. Comm"' Lancaster March 15th 1778 Garrisson Orders His Excellency the commander in Chief having been pleased to order Henry Mansin and Wendall Myer to be Executed on the mor- row being Monday 16th. March, between the hower of 10 OClock A. M & One OClock P: M In the Most publick manner the Troops therefore Will Assemble at 10 OClock on the parade. When the procession of the Whole Will be Made Agreeable to plan Delivered to Lieut Col. Smith who is to be Field Officer of the Day. It is Expected that the Gentl" Officers Who Are in Town (not on actually on Duty) will be present at the Execution The procession to begin i past 11 O.C A. M from the Goal— * The original letter is in the collection of Mrs. Francis Tazewell Redwood. * See F. B. Heitman, Historical Register of the Continental Army (Washington, D. C, 1893), p. 238. 280 Notes and Queries

[Page 6] Head Quarters Valley Forge March 28th, 1778 Brigadier for tomorrow Wayne Field Officers L* Col Harmour Major Hewes Brigade Major Clayburn Detail &c Guard Fitague Csb SCP CsbS CP P : B 0 : 0 : 0 : 1 :14 : 0 : 1 : 1 : O :10 At A board of Gen1 Officers; and Officers Commdg Brigades ye Prices of Sundry Liquers Was fixed As follows And Now Ratifyed by the Commander in Chief Viz: West India Rum or Spirrits 15 Continential Rum 11; Gin 9; French Brandy 19; Cyder Royal 2: per Quart Any larger or Smaller Quantitys At the Same Rate. On Munday Next the Troop Will be at At past Seven in the Morn- ing: the Guards to be on the parade At 8 OClock Precisely in Order to

PROVOST WILLIAM SMITH IN ENGLAND, 1762. By The Honourable William Renwick Riddell, LL.D., D.C.L., &c, Justice of Appeal, Ontario. In an article, "Libel on the Assembly," in The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, of April and July, 1928, is given an account of the curious episode of the Reverend William Smith, Provost of the College, Academy and Charitable School of Philadelphia, being im- prisoned for contempt by the Provincial Assembly of Pennsylvania, and having his appeal to the Foot of the Throne allowed in 1758-1759. It may be of interest to give an account of a subsequent Order made in his favor by the same tribunal, the Privy Council, sitting at Westminster. On August 12, 1762, the Privy Council made an Order which reads as follows:— "Order is given for issuing letters patent in accordance with the joint Petition of William Smith, Doctor in Divinity, Agent for the Trustees of the Colledge, Academy and Charitable School of Philadelphia in the Province of Pensilvania, and Provost of that Seminary, and of James Jay, Doctor of Physic, Agent for the Governors of the Colledge of the Province of New York, in the City of New York in America, setting forth that the growth of these Provinces and the continual great accession of People to them from different parts of the World being some Years ago observed by several of His Majestys good subjects that they became seriously impressed with a view of the Inconveniences that must neces- sarily arise among so mixt a multitude if left destitute of the necessary means of Instructions, differing in Language and Manners, unen- lightened by Religion, uncemented by a common Education, Strangers to the humane Arts and to the just use of rational Liberty. That these Considerations were rendered the more alarming sundry other Circum- stances and particularly that the Popish Emissaries were everywhere perceived to take for the Propagation of their peculiar Tenets, and the many Establishments which they were making for that purpose in all the Countrys of America belonging to them: while His Majesty's numerous Subjects there, and particularly in the 2 important and cen- tral Provinces aforesaid remained too open to their Corruptions by being spread abroad on a wide Frontier, with scarce a Possibility of finding a sufficient Supply of Protestant Ministers and Teachers for them, so long as Opportunities were wanting to educate them there, and but few Men of proper Qualifications here could be induced to exchange the Hopes in the Kingdoms for a laborious Employment in a remote Notes and Queries 281 Wilderness where they were to but small Advantage to reward their Toil; That these Inconveniences began to be greatly felt, not only by the Society for propagating the Gospel in foreign Parts, but also by the various Denominations of other Protestants in His Majesty's Colonies, so that the good Purposes which they severally had in view for the sup: port and Extension of the Reformed Religion in these remote Countries were like to be grievously affected through the want of fit Persons to send forth as Instructors and Teachers. That from a deep sense of these growing Evils, the two Seminaries aforesaid, distant about a hundred Miles from each other, were begun in two of the most important and populous trading Cities in His Majesty's American Dominions nearly at the same time and with the same View, not so much to aim at any high Improvements in Knowledge, as to guard against Total Ignorance; to instil into the Minds of Youth, just Principles of Religion, Loyalty, and a love of our Excellent Constitution, to instruct them in such Branches of Knowledge and useful Arts as are necessary to Trade, Agriculture and a due Improvement of His Majestys valuable Colonies and to assist in raising up a succession of faithful Instructors to be sent forth not only among His Majestys Subjects there, but also among the Indians in alliance to His Majesty to teach both in the way of Truth, to save them from the Corruption of the Enemy, and help to remove the Reproach of suffering the Emisaries of a false Religion to be more zealous in propagating their Slavish and destructive Tenets in that part of the World than Britons and Protestants are in promoting the pure Form of Godliness, and the Glorious Plan of Publick Liberty and Hap- piness committed to them. That for the better answering these great and important Purposes, the aforesaid Seminaries are under the Direction of the chief Officers of Government, sundry of the Clergy of different Denominations and other Persons of Distinction in the respective Cities where they are placed, and their Usefulness has been so generally felt and acknowledged that amidst all the Calamitys of an Expensive War near ten thousand Pounds Sterling have been contributed in each of the said Provinces towards their respective Seminaries and some hundred of Youths continually educated as well on Charity as otherwise, But as designs of so extensive a Nature, even in the most wealthy Kingdoms have Seldom been compleated unless with the united Generosity of many private Benefactors, and often by the particular Bounty of Sovereign Princes, the Petitioners are persuaded it will not be thought strange that Individuals in young Colonies should find all the Resources in their Power inadequate to such a Work, and that the Governors and Trustees of the said Seminaries should have the just apprehension of seeing all that they have raised for their support speedily exhausted, and an End put to their Usefulness, unless they can procure assistance from distant Places, as the Expense of each of them is about four hundred Pounds Sterling yearly above their Income, the defraying of which would require an Additional capital of above Six thousand pounds Sterling a piece: That under such Circumstances, at a time when the Success of His Majestys Arms in America opens a New Field for the advancement of Divine Knowledge there, and renders the design of such Seminaries more peculiarly important, it was hoped that Benefactors would not be wanting to give that kind of Assistance to Pious Foundations in His Majesty's Colonies, which has always been so readily bestowed upon every Design of like kind in these Kingdoms, and seldom denied to Protestant brethren even in foreign Nations. That the Petitioners being accordingly appointed to sollicit and receive such Assistance, and sensible that the highest Satisfaction which His Majesty's known Piety and Humanity can derive from the Prosperity of His Arms and Extension of His Dominions will be to see these Ad- vantages improved for enlarging the Sphere of Protestantism increas- 282 Notes and Queries ing the Number of good Men and bringing barbarous Nations within the Pale of Religion and Civility, they are therefore encouraged humbly to pray—That His Majesty will be pleased to direct that a Royal Brief may be passed under the Great Seal of Great Britain authorizing the making a Collection through the Kingdom from House to House for the joint and equal Benefit of the two Seminaries and Bodies Corporate aforesaid."* Of the colleague of Dr. William Smith, not so much is known as there is of his famous brother, John Jay, the first Chief Justice of the United States. Born in New York City in 1732, he took his M.D. in Edinburgh University in 1753. Returning to New York, he practised his profession; but apparently without much success: at all events, he made up his mind to go to England and offered to make a collection there for the College in New York, which, chartered in 1754, under the name "College of the Province of New York in America," was generally known as King's College, afterwards as Columbia College and now Columbia University. Receiving authority to make such a collection, he joined Dr. Smith, and succeeded in obtaining some £10,000 for each of the institutions. In 1783, presenting at St. James's, a congratulatory Address upon the birth of an heir, he was knighted by King George III.: this seems to have excited the jealousy of Alderman Barlow Trecothick of London, Agent of the Governors of the New York College; he wrote in deroga- tory terms to his principals of Sir James, and advised them to draw upon him for what he had collected: they bettered the advice and drew upon him for more than he had collected: he refused the draft and they feued him, with the result that they obtained all the money he had in fact collected, but Sir James has never been recognised as the bene- factor he actually was. During the Revolution, lie invented a secret correspondence ink, which was made use of by Washington much to his satisfaction. Sir James later went to England, practising in Bath; and, later, to Paris: returning to America, he died in Springfield, New Jersey, in 1815.

SALE, IN THE YEAR 1800, OF THE BRIO "MERCURY." Contributed by Harrold E. Gillingham. The following "Sale and Transfer" of a Philadelphia vessel, has re- cently found its way into the manuscript collection of The Historical Society. It is interesting to us, inasmuch as the brig Mercury was built in Philadelphia and owned by Ambrose Vasse, a merchant of the same city. It was captured by a French privateer, recaptured by an English ship, and taken to Jamaica, where it was eventually sold and finally restored—for a consideration—to the original owner. The document of heavy paper is about 30 by 24 inches, and beautifully written, but almost without any punctuation throughout. It follows: Jamaica Is. TO ALL TO WHOM these presents shall come or may in any wise concern James Corne Pownall of the Parish of Kings- ton in the County of Surry in the said Island Merchant SENDS GREETING WHEREAS a certain Brig or Vessel called the Mercury the property of Ambrose Vasse of the City of Philadelphia Merchant was on the high Seas met with and taken possession of by the Commander and Crew of a certain french privateer and was afterwards rescued and retaken by his britanick Majesty's Ship of War La Legere and brought into the port of Kingston in this Island for Adjudication AND

* Acts of the Privy Council (Colonial), 1745-1766, p. 545. Notes and Queries 283 WHEREAS a Libel being filed against the said Brig Mercury by his Majesty's Advocate General for the said Island at the relation of the Reeaptors and a Claim being interposed by the said James Come Pownall as the Agent and on the Behalf of the said Ambrose Vasse the Cause was so proceeded in that on or about the fifth Day of February one thousand eight hun- dred The Judge of the Court of Vice Admiralty of Jamaica pronounced his Sentence regarding the said Vessel and her Cargo whereby he was pleased to adjudge and decree that the said Brig or Vessel called the Mercury and the Goods Wares Merchandise and Effects on board her were good and lawful Recapture on the high Seas and that therefore the Claimant should pay to the Relators one half part of the said Brig and her Cargo as and for Salvage for retaking the same, together with the Ralators Costs and in Order to ascertain the true Value of the said Brig and her Cargo his honor the said Judge was further pleased to order that the said Brig and her Cargo should be forthwith sold and disposed of by the said Claimant unless the Value could be otherwise agreed upon and in case the same should be sold the Claimant was previously to enter into Security to pay over one half of the gross proceeds of such Sale to the Relators together with their Costs as by the pro- ceedings had and sentence pronounced in the said Cause re- maining of Record in the Office of the Register of the said Court of Vice Admiralty will appear AND WHEREAS the said Brig of Vessel called the Mercury with her tackle and Ap- purtenances being exposed to publick Sale under and by Virtue of the aforesaid Sentence was purchased for John Savage and Dugan of Philadelphia in the United States of America Merchants and Copartners by their Agents in the said Island of Jamaica at or for the price or Sum of Eight hundred and Thirty three pounds six Shillings and eight pence of Current Money of Jamaica NOW THEREFORE KNOW YE that for and in consideration of the said Sum of Eight hundred and Thirty three pounds six Shillings and eight pence to him the said James Corne Pownall in hand paid at or before the Execution hereof by Colin Campbell and John O'Hara of the said Island of Jamaica Merchants for and on behalf of the said John Savage and Joseph Dugan the Receipt of which Sum of Money is hereby acknowledged and the said Colin Campbell and John O'Hara and John Savage and Dugan their re- spective Heirs Executors and Administrators thereof and there- from and of and from every part thereof are hereby acquitted released exonerated and forever discharged He the said James Corne Pownall by Virtue of the aforesaid Sentence hath at the desire and under the direction of the said Colin Campbell and John O'Hara testified by their executing these presents granted bargained and sold and by these presents Doth grant bargain and sell unto the said John Savage and Dugan their Executors Administrators and Assigns The said Brig or Vessel called the Mercury of the Certificate of Registry of which Ves- sel the following is an exact and a literal Copy "Permanent No. 61 Sixty one." In pursuance of an Act of the Congress of the united States of America entitled "An Act concerning the registering and recording of Ships or Vessels" "Ambrose Vasse of the City of Philadelphia Merchant having taken or sub- scribed the Affirmation required by the said Act and having af- firmed that the said Ambrose Vasse is the true and only owner of the Ship or Vessel called the Mercury of Philadelphia 284 Notes and Queries whereof William Rockwell is at present Master And is a Citi- zen of the united States as he hath sworn And that the said Ship or Vessel was built at Philadelphia in the State of Pen- sylvania in the Year one thousand seven hundred and eighty four per former register No. 279 issued at this office 24 No- vember 1794 now delivered up to be cancelled And William Macpherson late Surveyor of this District having certified that the said Ship or Vessel has two Decks and two Masts and that her length is seventy five feet six Inches HER BREADTH twenty two Feet ten Inches her Depth eleven Feet five Inches and that she measures one hundred sixty nine & 48/95 tons that she is a square sterned Brig, has quarter Badges and a Man head And the said Ambrose Vasse having agreed to the Description and Admeasurement above specified and sufficient security having been given according to the said Act the said Brig has been registered at the port of Philadelphia the seventh Day of April in the Year one thousand seven hundred and ninety seven" And all Masts Sails Sail Yards Anchors Cables Ropes Cords Boats Oars Tackle Apparel Ammunition Provision Furniture and Appurtenances whatsoever to the said Brig or Vessel belonging or in any wise appertaining to HAVE AND TO HOLD the said Brig or Vessel called the Mercury with her Tackle and Appurtenances unto the said Savage and Dugan their Executors Administrators and Assigns for ever to their own proper Use and Behoof for ever and to for and upon no other Use And Intent or Purpose whatsoever IN WITNESS whereof the said James Corne Pownall and Colin Campbell and John O'Hara have hereunto set and affixed their hands and seals this thirteenth Day of March in the fortieth Year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the third by the Grace of God of Great Britain France and Ireland King and of Jamaica Lord Defender of the Faith and so forth And in the Year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred. [Signed and Sealed] James Corne Pownall Colin Campbell John O'Hara pr Colin Campbell His Attorney On the back of the Deed of Sale is endorsed the following: To the left. Sealed and delivered ) In the presence of / the Sum of money mentioned twice in the Deed of Sale and once in the receipt annexed being previously alter'd to Eight Hundred and thirty Three pounds, Six Shillings and eight pence— Fred', H. Clough In the centre. Received the day and year lastly within written of and from the within named Colin Campbell and John O'Hara the sum of Eight hundred and Thirty three pounds six Shillings and eight pence Current Money of Jamaica being the Considera- tion within mentioned to be paid to me. £833-6-8 Ja". C. Pownall Witness Fred1. H. Clough Notes and Queries 285 To the Right. JAMAICA IS. Memorandum on the Thirteenth Day of March 1800 personally appeared before me Frederick Hamilton Clough of the parish of Kingston Gentleman the subscribing Witness to the within written Deed of Sale and Transfer who being duly sworn made oath that he was present at the Execution thereof and did see James Corne Pownall Colin Campbell and John O'Hara sign and seal respectively and as for their respective Act and Deed deliver the same. Wm. Savage 13th. March 1800 Below, and on another fold of the document, is the following paper which is sealed and attached to the original: For valuable Consideration to us paid we Assign and Trans- fer the Brig Mercury mentioned in the Annexed bill of Sale with her Appurtenances unto Ambrose Vasse of the City of Philadelphia Merchant—Witness our hands and Seals at Phila- delphia this 31st. Day of October in the year 1800. Sealed and delivered in the presence of us— Jn°. Currie S. M. Thicubert John Savage (seal) Joseph Dugan (seal) It is worthy of note that while the transfer to Messrs. Savage and Dugan, Agents for Ambrose Vasse, took place in Jamaica on March 13, 1800, the vessel was not actually turned over by them to Vasse until seven months afterward.

GEORGE ROSS, SIGNER OF THE DECLARATION OP INDEPENDENCE, AND REVEREND ^ENEAS ROSS WERE HALF-BROTHERS. The writer of the follow- ing letter which corrects a mistake in the Magazine (LIV. 314), con- tributed a note (L. 94) on the children of Reverend George Ross. 305, The Wyoming Columbia Road and California Street Washington, D. C. January 20, 1931. Charles P. Keith, Esq., 5219 Germantown Avenue, Germantown, Philadelphia. Dear Sir:— I beg to acknowledge receipt of your favor of the 16th inst. There is no doubt that Hon. George Rosa of Lancaster, Pennsyl- vania, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, was a son of Rev. George Ross of New Castle, Delaware, by his second wife; and it is equally true that Rev. JSneas Ross, clergyman of the Church of England, serving at Christ Church, Philadelphia, at St. Thomas, White Marsh, at Trinity Church, Oxford, and at Emmanuel Church, New Castle, Delaware, was also son of Rev. George Ross, by his first wife, and was born at New Castle Sep- tember 17, 1716. George Ross, Signer, and Rev. J5neas Ross were therefore half-brothers. For further information concerning Rev. iEneas Ross I would refer to "History of Emmanuel Church, New Castle," by Thomas Holcomb. When ^Eneas Ross severed his connection with Christ Church, Philadelphia, July 14, 1743, and 286 Notes and Queries took charge of the churches at White Marsh and Oxford he went to live in Germantown and, I believe, continued to live there as long as his connection with these churches continued. May 3, 1758, iEneas Ross was appointed to the Church at New Castle, Delaware, and continued in charge of this parish until his death in April, 1782. He married at Christ Church, Philadelphia, January 3, 1745, Sarah Leech, by whom he had a number of children. Three of them, iEneas, Maria and Sarah are buried in the Church Yard at Oxford, and another daughter, Mary, was baptized there February 4, 1754, aged 5 months. A daughter, Joanna, I believe, was the only one of his children who survived him, and who settled his estate, married 1st at New Castle, October 13, 1775, Capt. Thomas Holland, who had been an officer in the British Army. He was wounded at the battle of Germantown, serving as Captain in the Delaware regiment, Continental Line, and died a few days later. Mrs. Holland married, January 29, 1789, at New Castle, James Armstrong. She left no descendants. Just when John, son of Rev. iEneas Ross, was born, I do not know but Elizabeth Griscom whom he married either in November or December, 1774, was born Jan- uary 1, 1752, and I think it fair to assume she was as old as he was. As to date of his death, he was buried in Christ Church Burying Ground, January 20, 1776. Very truly yours, EDMUND HAYES BELL.

WASHINGTON IN PHILADELPHIA. Hon. Richard S. Rodney, Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of the State of Delaware, in a letter dated Wilmington, April 8, 1932, writes to Joseph Jackson: "I have read with much interest your article on 'Washington in Philadelphia,' in the April, 1932, number of The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. You state on page 125 that Washington was a weekly guest at a dinner of delegates at the City Tavern. I have in my possession a letter from George Read, one of the delegates, dated May 18th, 1775, which is a trifle more definite as to these dinners. It is printed on page 106 of the Life and Correspondence of George Bead, by William T. Read, and reads: " 'We sit in Congress generally till half past three o'clock and once till five o'clock and then dine at the City Tavern where a few of us have established a table for each day in the week, save Saturday, when there is a general dinner. Our daily table is formed by the following persons at present, to wit, Messrs. Randolph, Lee, Washington and Harrison of Virginia, Alsop of New York, Chase of Maryland and Rodney and Read. A dinner ia ordered for the number, eight, and what- ever is deficient of that number, is to be paid for at two shillings, six pence a head and each that attends pays only the expense of the day. I have dined there thrice in this way.'"

Soot: fflottces HENBT CHARLES LEA. By Edward Sculley Bradley. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1931. Biographical writing takes on many hues; it is now sometimes so highly colored as actually to repel the seeker for quiet and honest truth. It is so in no manner, however, in this instance. The life of Henry C. Lea deserved appropriate review and it has received it from Professor Bradley who has read the correspondence, and studied sources to form his backgrounds, producing a narrative well-proportioned, informative, dignified and at the same time entertaining. The Careys Notes and Queries 287

and the Leas have contributed many brave spirits and earnest lives to Philadelphia and in several eases their names, for services given, have been carried to the country at large and over national boundaries. The imprints of the publishing house which Mathew Carey founded— and of its off-shoot Carey and Hart—were they collected, would tell nearly the whole story of American letters in the early decades of the nineteenth century. The firm was even more successful, perhaps, after it turned from general literature to the publication of scientific books. To this business Mr. Lea was born and bred, passing from it upon his retirement, to an ardent interest in public affairs and to historical re- search, to both of which pursuits he had not been a stranger during his active life as a publisher. It is a truism that in a democracy citi- zens should concern themselves with matters of government, "For never land long lease of empire won Whose sons sate silent when base deeds were done". Yet there are few who take their responsibilities seriously. Mr. Lea lived in the age of George William Curtis, Schurz, Godkin and men who held government above party success or individual advantage. Professor Bradley has most intelligently fitted Lea into his place in the reform movements which followed the corruptions of the Grant regime. The indefatigable labors of Lea as an historian are as well and as understandingly described. Few tasks in exploring the fastnesses of a gloomy and most unhappy period in the life of man, many of its events linked to, and done in, the name of a great religion have offered so much complexity and difficulty, yet he approached them without fear, conquered the obstacles which so often beset him, not the least of which was his own broken health, and came forth with the facts for all to see in works ranking high among the valuable permanent contributions to historical knowledge. Mr. Lea's was a life which signally honored the city, the state and the nation, and the biography is worthy of the man whose deeds it commemorates. E. P. O.

ONE MAN'S GOLD. THE LETTERS AND JOURNAL OF A FORTT-NINEB: ENOS CHRISTMAN. Compiled and edited by Florence Morrow Christman. New York: Whittlesey House. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1930. Pp. xiii., 278. The literary productions of the Argonauts are too frequently marred by exaggerations and gushing sentimentality. This volume, to the con- trary, is remarkably sober and matter of fact. Enos Christman was a young printer from West Chester, Pennsylvania. He joined the California Gold Mining Association of Philadelphia, and, in July of 1849, boarded the schooner Europe bound for California. He was 226 days at sea, disembarking at San Francisco in February of the following year. The summer found Christman at the "Mariposa Dig- gings," but fever and disappointment caused him to move to Sonora. Here he remained for two years, serving first as co-editor of the Sonora Herald and then in the capacity of printer and deputy recorder. In 1852, homesick and disillusioned, he returned to his Pennsylvania home. This in brief is the story related in the journals and letters written by Enos Christman while on his journey to the West. The Sea Journal comprises 77 pages of the volume and relates with amazing vividness both the fascinations and the discomfitures of the sea route to Cali- fornia. An additional 87 pages—The California Journal—plus numerous letters portray realistically the life on the mining frontier. Christman was a keen observer. He took the pains to record exact prices of com- modities, transportation fares and wages, and to itemise the cost of 288 Notes and Queries living. For August 11, 1850, he writes: "Now miners generally are doing but poorly . . . Individual mining is for the most part over, I believe" (p. 172). One year later he remarks that the miners are "not now doing so well as formerly . . . the great mass have not averaged more than three or four dollars per day" (p. 201). Equally valuable are such entries as that for May 25, 1851, in which he presents figures indicating the fall in prices. For example, potatoes selling at 75c and $1.00 per pound in 1850 had been reduced to $12.00 per bushel one year later. Flour, at one time $50.00 to $75.00 per hundredweight, sold in 1851 at $10.00 per hundredweight. "Last summer I paid $16 per week for two meals per day; now I could get much better board with three meals per day for $8 and $10" (p. 188). Credit is due the compiler for a very logical arrangement of her materials. But in spite of an admission that the documents "have been quite freely condensed and edited," there are indications that she has been unnecessarily lax in transcribing. Comparing the editor's copy with facsimiles, some very flagrant discrepancies are revealed. The facsimile opposite page 76 commences: "This afternoon the start- ling cry of 'fire! fire!' was heard . . .", and the editor's version reads, "Friday afternoon the startling cry of 'fire' was heard . . ." Consistency might have been made a virtue if in other portions of the book she had corrected such obvious errors in the text as calling Mission Dolores by the name De Lones (p. 110). In spite of these criticisms the volume remains a distinct contribution to Californiana, and it should be of much interest to the general reader in the history of the West. OSCAE OSBUKN WlNTHEE, Stanford University.