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Redalyc.Bajo La Bandera De Lucifer. Una Hipótesis Teológica Sobre Revista Iberoamericana de Teología ISSN: 1870-316X [email protected] Universidad Iberoamericana, Ciudad de México México Medellín Erdmann, Rodrigo A. Bajo la bandera de Lucifer. Una hipótesis teológica sobre Marcial Maciel a la luz de la meditación ignaciana de Dos banderas. Hacia una necesaria reforma eclesiástica y legionaria Revista Iberoamericana de Teología, vol. X, núm. 18, enero-junio, 2014, pp. 39-79 Universidad Iberoamericana, Ciudad de México Distrito Federal, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=125247735002 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Ribet / Vol. X / N° 18, enero-junio 2014, 39-79 Derechos reservados de la ui A, ISSN 1870316X Bajo la bandera de Lucifer . Una hipótesis teológica sobre Marcial Maciel a la luz de la meditación ignaciana de Dos banderas. Hacia una necesaria reforma eclesiástica y legionaria Rodrigo A. Medellín Erdmann 1 Resumen A raíz de las revelaciones sobre conductas reprobables de Marcial Maciel Degolla - do, fundador de la Legión de Cristo y de su movimiento laical Regnum Christi , se desató una polémica a favor o en contra de su persona y sus obras. Parte de la Rodrigo A. Medellín Erdmann polémica consistió en ofrecer una explicación de esta personalidad tan controverti - da. Más allá de análisis psicológicos/psiquiátricos o de valoraciones morales, el presente trabajo propone una hipótesis de índole teológica, es decir, que explique el conjunto de evidencias sobre su persona a la luz de las relaciones trascendentes del hombre con Dios. Se analizan las repercusiones del fundador sobre sus obras, y el impacto que ha tenido y sigue teniendo en la Iglesia y en el mundo. Se reportan las acciones que la Santa Sede ha realizado en relación con la Legión. Final- 1 Licenciado en Relaciones Industriales por la Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México; licenciado en Filosofía por el Instituto Libre de Filosofía y Ciencias, México; master en Sociología por la Universidad de Fordham, Nueva York; doctor en So - ciología por la Universidad de Harvard, Cambridge, Mass.; licenciado en Teología por el Colegio Máximo de Cristo Rey de la Provincia Mexicana de la Compañía de Jesús, México; estudios de lenguas y humanidades en el Centro de Estudios Huma - nísticos Superiores de Sta. Ma. de Veruela, España; Especialidad en Patrística por el Instituto Superior de Estudios Eclesiásticos, México. Es autor de varias publicacio - nes sociológicas y teológicas. Prolongación Niños Héroes 259-B, Tepepan, Ciudad de México, Código Postal 16020. Teléfono/Fax: +52 (55) 5676-2952. Correo electrónico: [email protected] 39 Reista beroamericana de eología mente, se sopesan las posibilidades de una necesaria reforma eclesiástica, incluyen - do la superación de las resistencias a la emprendida por el papa Francisco, y de una real transformación de la Legión. Palabras clave : Legión de Cristo, Maciel, pederastia, bandera de Lucifer, Juan Pablo II Summary When the reprehensible behavior of Marcial Maciel Degollado, founder of the Legion of Christ and its lay movement Regnum Christi , came to light, a controversy ensued in favor and against his person and his work. Part of the controversy re - volved around a possible explanation of this personality. Beyond a psycho-social analysis or moral evaluation, the present paper advances a theological hypothesis attempting to explain the total sum of his personal traits under the light of man’s transcendent relations with God. The founder’s impacts on his works are ana - lyzed, as well as its inuence on the Church and society. The Holy See’s interven - tions in the Legion’s life are described. Finally, the possibility and convenience of an ecclesiastical reform are considered, as well as the resistances to Pope Francis’ relevant attempts and the likelihood of a real transformation of the Legion. Key words : Legion of Christ, Maciel, paedophilia, banner o Lucifer, John Paul II Antecedentes Al menos desde 1997, ha habido repetidas acusaciones públicas de conductas viciosas y delictivas del sacerdote Marcial Maciel Degollado, de origen mexica - no. Por largo tiempo, tanto las autoridades de las congregaciones fundadas por él, la Legión de Cristo y su organización laical Regnum Christi, como representan - tes de la jerarquía eclesiástica, negaron las inculpaciones o trataron de ocultarlas. Sin embargo, han surgido evidencias innegables de conductas de su fundador altamente reprobables. Los legionarios han tenido que aceptar que lamentablemente llevaba una supuesta doble vida que “les era desconocida”, según dicen; algunos han pedido perdón a las víctimas y a quienes hayan sufri - do moralmente por estas revelaciones. Un cierto número, inclusive, ha dejado la Legión o siguen en ella con cierta perplejidad, buscando un camino propio. Rodrigo A. Medellín Erdmann 40 Bajo la bandera de Lucifer . na hiptesis teolgica sobre Marcial Maciel a la luz de la meditacin ignaciana de Dos banderas 1. La persona La conducta de Maciel Gradualmente, han aparecido más y más detalles de las conductas reproba - bles de Maciel. Sin entrar en particularidades, se pueden clasicar como irregularidades nancieras, desordenes sexuales, drogadicción, mentira, hipo - cresía, entre otras. Evidencias innegables han sido sus largas relaciones de concubinato, y poligamia, con al menos dos mujeres, una en España y otra en México, y haber engendrado al menos una hija y dos hijos. Abun- dan acusaciones de violaciones a adolescentes, aun a sus propios seminaristas. También son señalados sus dispendiosos gastos en una vida lujosa, y el consuetudinario consumo de estupefacientes. 2 Todo ello, mientras cultivaba cuidadosamente su imagen carismática de Padre Fundador y una apariencia de virtud y santidad; al grado de lograr con - citar muchas vocaciones y seducir a un buen número de personas de altos círculos económico-sociales y eclesiásticos en ámbitos nacionales e internacio - nales, a quienes les provocaba admiración y quienes le hacían importantes aportaciones nancieras y rendían honores en un cuasi culto a su personali - Rodrigo A. Medellín Erdmann dad. Es sin duda notable la inuencia que en breve tiempo llegó a tener él, la Legión y su movimiento laical Regnum Christi, tanto dentro de la Iglesia como en amplios círculos de poder, y notable también el caudal de recursos económicos que llegaron a obtener y acumular. Su conducta reejaba una presunta doble vida, como la han catalogado mu - chos legionarios, cada una de gran intensidad: por una parte, el clérigo con aureola de santidad, fundador, de gran prestigio e inuencia eclesial y social; y por la otra, el hombre marcadamente vicioso y moralmente dege- nerado, y un verdadero delincuente. 2 Además de reportajes de prensa y artículos de revistas, hay varios libros que han documentado el tema. Por ejemplo: Jason Berry y Gerald Renner, El Legionario de Cristo . Abuso de poder y escándalos sexuales bajo el papado de Juan Pablo II (México: Ran - dom House Mondadori, 2010); José Martínez de Velazco, Los documentos secretos de los Legionarios de Cristo (Barcelona: Ediciones B.S.A., 2004); Fernando M. González, Marcial Maciel . Los Legionarios de Cristo: testimonios y documentos inéditos (México: Tusquet Editores, 2006); Carmen Aristegui (ed.), Marcial Maciel, historia de un criminal (México: Grijalbo, 2010); Nelly Ramírez Mota Velazco, El imperio de Marcial Maciel (México: Planeta, 2011). 41 Reista beroamericana de eología Sin embargo, ¿es ésta una explicación adecuada de la conducta anómala de Maciel y de las consecuencias de la misma, que han prevalecido inclu- so hasta después de su muerte? Estas preguntas son de relevancia, pues la Legión y el Regnum Christi siguen afectando la vida de una multitud de personas, y siguen teniendo inuencia sobre sectores de la propia Iglesia. Una explicación benigna Quienes, tras las revelaciones irrefutables de la conducta de Maciel, han per - manecido adictos a la Legión y al Regnum Christi , o bien no aceptan la eviden - cia, o se duelen de lo que han denominado “una doble vida”, la cual consideran ciertamente no justicable, pero sí hasta cierto punto explicable y comprensi - ble en un hombre falible como Maciel, el cual, no obstante, logró obras admi - rables, dicen, que sus partidarios mucho alaban. Algunos consideran que se trata de peccata minuta , de pequeñas faltas en un hombre por lo demás ad - mirable por la trascendencia de sus obras. Explicaciones psicológicas Para entender la conducta de Maciel arriba descrita, se han propuesto diver - sas explicaciones según las varias escuelas de psicología, desde ser una perso - na psicológicamente muy enferma , hasta un psicópata o una personalidad estructuralmente perversa que incluye la transgresión de la ley natural, de las leyes divinas y las civiles, carencia de mecanismos de autocensura y sentimientos de culpa, abuso del prójimo, considerado como objeto de placer, premeditación para el ocultamiento de sus transgresiones, entre otros medios mediante el voto del silencio impuesto (“voto de caridad”), etc. Especialistas en estos temas han desarrollado más detalladamente estos planteamientos. Hacia una hipótesis teológica Sin prescindir de explicaciones como las planteadas, o algunas más en el ám - bito de las ciencias psicosociales, este trabajo intentará presentar una hipótesis de naturaleza
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