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Europe, Lisbon, and the Security-Development Nexus

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Europe, Lisbon, and the Security-Development Nexus Thesis submitted to EUROPE, LISBON, AND the board or examiners in partial fulfillment THE SECURITY- of the degree of Master of Arts in DEVELOPMENT NEXUS Conflict and Development Gerben Willem van Dijk 01009060 Universiteit Gent 3rd of Augustus 2011 Promotor: Dr. J. Adam Date of Submission: 3rd of August 2011 Program trajectory followed: (traditional) Thesis Writing Word Count: 24.953 1 Table of Contents | G.W. van Dijk Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... 2 List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ 4 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 5 General Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 7 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 1: The Security-Development Nexus ....................................................................................... 10 1.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 10 1.1.1. Central Argument ................................................................................................................ 11 1.1.2. Background .......................................................................................................................... 11 1.1.3. Analysis ................................................................................................................................ 14 1.2. What Policy Implications? .......................................................................................................... 15 1.2.1. Policy options ...................................................................................................................... 15 1.2.2. Analysis ................................................................................................................................ 19 1.3. Operationalization ...................................................................................................................... 20 1.3.1. The United Kingdom ............................................................................................................ 20 1.3.2. The Netherlands .................................................................................................................. 21 1.3.3. Canada ................................................................................................................................. 23 1.4. Criticism ...................................................................................................................................... 24 1.5. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 26 Chapter 2: Europe before the Lisbon Treaty ......................................................................................... 29 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 29 2.2. Discourse: Talking the Talk ......................................................................................................... 30 2.2.1. Development ....................................................................................................................... 31 2.2.2. Security ................................................................................................................................ 32 2.3. Walking the Walk? Organisational Background ......................................................................... 33 2.3.1. European Security ............................................................................................................... 33 2.3.2. European Development....................................................................................................... 35 2.4. Pre Lisbon: integration, coordination, subjugation? .................................................................. 38 2.4.1. CMCO ................................................................................................................................... 38 2.4.2. Institutionalization .............................................................................................................. 40 3.5. The money .................................................................................................................................. 44 3.6. The missions ............................................................................................................................... 45 G.W. van Dijk | Table of Contents 2 3.7. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 46 Chapter 3: Europe after the Lisbon Treaty ............................................................................................ 50 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 50 3.2. Background of the Lisbon Treaty................................................................................................ 51 3.2.1. The nexus in rhetoric post Lisbon? ...................................................................................... 52 3.3. Changes under Lisbon ................................................................................................................ 54 3.3.1. The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy ................... 55 3.3.2. The European External Action Service ................................................................................ 56 3.3.3. DG DEVCO ............................................................................................................................ 59 3.4. ECHO ........................................................................................................................................... 61 3.5. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 63 General Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 67 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................... 72 Appendix ................................................................................................................................................ 78 Appendix 1: Chances and risks of development – military co-operation from the perspective ....... 78 Appendix 2: Institutional organization of the CFSP/ESDP ................................................................. 79 Appendix 3 : The European Commission and development assistance ............................................ 80 Appendix 4: Overview of ESDP missions between 2003 – 2009 ....................................................... 81 Appendix 5: Chart of ESDP mission between 2003 – 2009 ............................................................... 81 Appendix 5: Justification for budget of the European Union before the coming into effect of the Lisbon Treaty ..................................................................................................................................... 82 Appendix 6: Justification for budget of the European Union after the coming into effect of the Lisbon Treaty ..................................................................................................................................... 85 Appendix 7 : Explanation of placing funds, institutions and positions. ............................................ 87 3 Table of Contents | G.W. van Dijk List of Abbreviations ACP African, Caribbean and Pacific AIDCO EuropeAid Cooperation Office APF African Peace Facility CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy CHG Civilian Headline Goal CHOD Chiefs of Defense CIMIC Civil Military Coordination CIVCOM Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management CMCO Civil Military Coordination COREPER Committee of Permanent Representatives CPCC Civil Planning and Conduct Capability DCI Development Cooperation Instrument DDR Demobilization Disarmament and Reintegration DGDEV Directorate General for Development DG DEVCO Directorate General EuropeAID Development and Cooperation ECHO Humanitarian Aid Department of the European Commission ECJ European Court of Justice EC European Commission EDC European Defense Community EDF European Development Fund EEAS European External Action Service ESDP European Security and Defense Policy ESS European Security Strategy EU European Union EUMS European Union Military Staff EUMC European Union Military Committee EUSR European Union Special Representative FAC Foreign Affairs Council FPI Foreign Policy Instruments (Service) GAC General Affairs Council GAERC General Affairs and External Relations Council HR/SG High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy/Secretary General of the
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