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Geophysical Abstracts 170 July-September 1957

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Geophysical Abstracts 170 July-September 1957 Geophysical Abstracts 170 July-September 1957 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1066-C Geophysical Abstracts 170 July-September 1957 By MARY C. RABBITT, DOROTHY B. VITALIANO, S. T. VESSELOWSKY, and others GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1066-C Abstracts of current literature pertaining to the physics of the solid earth and to geophysical exploration UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1957 V,'r UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRED A. SEATON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. GoTernment Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price 35 cents (single copy). Subscription price: $1.25 a year; 35 cents additional for foreign mailing. The printing of this publication has been approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, March 5, 1956. CONTENTS Page Introduction______________________________________________________ 191 Extent of coverage___________________________________________ 191 List of journals_______________________________________________ 191 Form of citation__________________________________ 192* Abstractors.__________________________________________________ 19% Age determinations________________________________________________ 192? Earth currents_________._________________________________________ 202 Earthquakes and earthquake waves________________________________ 202 Earth tides and related phenomena____-_________-_______--___--_---_ 210 Elasticity_____________________________________________ 210 Electrical exploration ______________________________________________ 216 Electrical logging__________________________________________________ 226 Electrical properties_--__-_-_____-_--_-___________-____-_-_---_-_-- 227 Exploration summaries and statistics_-__--_____--_----_---__----_---- 228 General. _____________________________________________________ 229 Geodesy__________________________________________________ 231 Geotectonics._____________________________________________________ 231 Glaciers._______________________________________________________ 236 Gravity. ___________________________________________________ 237 Heat and heat flow________________________________________________ 246 Internal constitution.______________________________________________ 248 Isostasy_ _________________________________________________________ 252 Isotope geology.__________________________________________________ 253 Magnetic field of the earth________________________________________ 256 Magnetic properties______________________________________________ 258 Magnetic surveys.________________________________________________ 265 Microseisms ______________________________________________________ 266 Radioactivity _____________________________________________________ 267 Radioactivity logging and surveying-______-_-_-__________--_-_--_--_ 269 Seismic exploration________________________________________________ 271 Strength and plastieity_____________________________________________ 275 Submarine geology,________________________________________________ 276 Volcanology _ _____________________________________________________ 277 Index..__________________________________________________________ 279 in GEOPHYSICAL ABSTRACTS 170, JULY-SEPTEMBER 195 By MARY C. RABBITT, DOROTHY B. VITALIANO, S. T. VESSELOWSKY and others INTRODUCTION EXTENT OF COVERAGE Geophysical Abstracts includes abstracts of technical papers and books on the physics of the solid earth, the application of physical methods and techniques to geologic problems, and geophysical ex­ ploration. The table of contents, which is alphabetically arranged, shows the material covered. Abstracts are prepared only of material that is believed to be gen­ erally available. Ordinarily abstracts are not published of material with limited circulation (such as dissertations, open-file reports, or memoranda) or of other papers presented orally at meetings unless summaries of substantial length are published. Abstracts of papers in Japanese and Chinese are based on abstracts or summaries in a western language accompanying the paper. LIST OF JOURNALS Full titles and abbreviations of journals cited for the first time in this issue (with the sponsoring organization and its address where these do not form part of the title) are given below. This list sup­ plements the List of Journals published in Geophysical Abstracts 160 (January-March 1955, Bulletin 1033-A) and the supplements published in Geophysical Abstracts 161-169. Acad, Polonaise Sci. Bull. Bulletin de PAcad&nie Polonoise des Sciences. Polska Akademiya Nauk, Warsaw. Appl. Sci. Research Applied Scientific Research. Published under the auspices of the Central National Council for Applied Scientific Research in the Nether­ lands, The Netherlands Physical Society, The Royal Institute of Engineers, The Mathematical Centre. The Hague. Bur. central seismol. internat. Pubs., ser. A, Travaux sci. Publications du Bureau Central Seismologique International. Association de S£ismologie et de Physique de l'Int£rieur de la Terre. Toulouse, France. Chroniques des Mines d'Outre-Mer La Chronique des Mines d'Outre-Mer et de la Recherche Miniere. Bureau d'Btudes geologiques et miniSres, Paris. 191 192 GEOPHYSICAL ABSTRACTS 170, JULY-SEPTEMBER 1957 Danmarks Geol. Unders0gelse Danmarks Geologiske Unders0gelse. K^benhavn. Doshisha Kogaku Kaishi The Engineering Association in Doshisha University. Kyoto, Japan. Edinburgh Geol. Soc. Trans. Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society. French West Africa Direction federale Mines et Geologic Bull. Bulletin de la Direction federale des Mimes et de la Geologie. Gouvernement general de 1'Afrique Occidentale Franchise. Dakar. Queensland Univ. Dept. Geology Papers University of Queensland Papers, Department of Geology. Brisbane. Rev. Geographic phys. et Geologie dynamique Revue de geographic physique et de geologic dynamique. L'Association des Amies et anciens Eleves du Laboratoirei de g6ographie physique et de geologie dynamique de la Faculte des Sciences de Paris. Saskatchewan Dept. Mineral Resources Rept. Report of the Department of Mineral Resources of the Province of Saskatchewan. Regina. Soc. mineralog. Italiana Rend. Rendiconte della Societa Mineralogica Italiana. Pa via. Soc. Royale Sciences Liege Bull. Bulletin de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege. Vses. nauchno-issled. inst. razved. geoflz. Voprosy rudnoy geoftz. Vsesoyuznyy nauchno-issledovatel'skiy institut razvedochnoy geofiziki, Voprosy rudnoy geofiziki. Moskva. FORM OF CITATION The abbreviations of journal titles used are those adopted by the TJ. S. Geological Survey and used in many geological journals. For papers in most languages other than English, the title is given in the original language as well as in translation. Slavic names and titles have been transliterated by the system used by the United States Board on Geographic Names. This system of transliteration for Rus­ sian was given in Geophysical Abstracts 148 (January-March 1952, Bulletin 991-A). Titles of papers in Japanese and Chinese are given in translation only. ABSTRACTORS Abstracts in this issue have been prepared by Beryl T. Everett, J. R. Balsley, W. J. Dempsey, R. G. Henderson, M. F. Kane, Virginia S. Neuschel, L. C. Pakiser, and L. Peselnick, as well as by the prin­ cipal authors. The notation "Author's abstract" followed by the initials of an abstractor indicates a translation of the author's abstract. AGE DETERMINATIONS 170-1. Holmes, Arthur. How old is the earth?: Edinburgh Geol. Soc. Trans., v. 16, pt. 3, p. 313-333,1956. The advances made during the last decade in estimating the time that has elapsed since the original material of the earth became differentiated into crust, mantle, and core are briefly reviewed. The earlier estimates (3,300-3,500 mil- AGE DETERMINATIONS 193 lion years) based on the isotopic compositions of lead from galenas of known age are now replaced by one of about 4,500 million years, as a result of the steadily increasing wealth of available data. Patterson and his co-workers have found that the proportions of lead isotopes (to lead-204) in lead from iron meteorites are lower than those in lead from any other known source. Adopting such lead as primeval, Patterson finds that both meteorites and the earth have essentially the same age, 4,500 ±70 million years. Using a series of leads ranging in age from the present to over 2,900 million years ago, I find 4,500±100 million years from the time primary differentiation. Using only Palaeozoic and younger leads, Russell and Allan reach an estimate of 4,300±400 million years. Pos­ sible differences between meteorites and the earth in age and primeval-lead composition are discussed, and reasons are given for thinking that the sialic crust seems to be a more likely source of lead ores than the ultrabasic material of the underlying mantle. Author's abstract 170-2. Prider, Rex T. The Pre-Cambrian succession in Western Australia: Pan Indian Ocean Sci. Cong., 2d, Proc., Sec. C Geology, p. 69-76, 1954. A discussion of the Precambrian succession in the Western Australian part of the Australian Shield includes a review of all age determinations by radio­ active methods made to date. F. S. N. 170-3. Krishnan, R. S. Age determination of crustal rocks by radioactivity methods: Geological Time, Council of Sci. and Indus. Research [India], Comm. on Measurement of Geol. Time in India, p. 12-16, 1954. A discussion of the uranium-thorium, alpha helium and radium-thorium, ra- dium-therium-helium, and rubidium-strontium methods for determination of
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