Estonian Embassy in Stockholm (2019)
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Kersti KALJULAID Is a Global Leader Being 5Th President of the Republic of Estonia
Kersti KALJULAID is a global leader being 5th President of the Republic of Estonia. As a firm believer in multilateralism she has spectacular experiences in the fields of economy and energy as well as in public sector, European institutions and international level. Since 2016 President of the Republic of Estonia 2004-2016 Member of the European Court of Auditors 2002-2004 CFO and CEO in Energy sector 1999-2002 Economic Advisor to Prime Minister mr Mart LAAR 1994-1999 different positions in Investment Banking and Telecom sectors INVOLVEMENT IN ORGANISATIONS Since 2018 co-chair of UN High-Level Steering Group „Every Woman Every Child“ 2016-2019 Leading Estonian campaign to UN Security Council 2020-2021 2012-2016 Chair of the Council of University of Tartu 2001-2004 Member of the Supervisory Board of the Estonian Genome Centre Kersti Kaljulaid is also a member of World Bank’s Advisory Panel for the World Development Report 2021 and member of the European Council on Foreign Relations Council. LANGUAGE SKILLS She is fluent in English and French and also speaks German, Finnish, Russian. EDUCATION She graduated from the University of Tartu in 1992 in the field of genetics in the Faculty of Natural Sciences and completed master's studies in the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration in 2001. „Estonia regained its independence in 1991. With 30 years we have gone through comprehensive, rapid and successful reforms, we have built the first truly digital society and developed one of the best education systems in the world according to OECD. These are the experiences I want to bring to the OECD in order to be prepared for the challenges we will face in the next decades.“ Kersti KALJULAID President of the Republic of Estonia . -
Gammalsvenskby the True Story of the Swedish Settlement in the Ukraine
Gammalsvenskby The true story of the Swedish settlement in the Ukraine Author: Jörgen Hedman © Copyright The people of Gammalsvenskby in the Ukraine, a summary In the year 1781 one thousand Swedish peasants from Dagö in Estonia were transported to southern Ukraine, where Catherine II (the Great), Empress of Russia, gave them new land. After an eight-month journey through Russia, during which half of them lost their lives the Swedes reached their destination. Instead of the houses and the cultivated land they had been promised an empty plain met them. Suffering extreme hardships and often tormented by bandit raids, famine and diseases, they built a settlement that was called Gammalsvenskby. It is not difficult to be fascinated by Gammalsvenskby and the destiny of its inhabitants. Here we meet Swedes who could witness history change the world, Swedes who, although being tormented by famine and diseases, worked hard and broke new soil in a cosmopolitan and unstable corner of Europe. This part of the world was the scene of events of international and domestic significance: the Crimean War 1853-56, World War 1, the October-revolution, bandit-raids during the said revolution, the Civil war between the White and the Red armies. This was followed by the Collectivization of the farmers, Stalin’s terror during the thirties, the Second World War and the German occupation in 1941-44, which for the people of Gammalsvenskby ended with a transportation to camps in Germany. Later in 1945 this led to the deportation to labor camps in Siberia. Treachery and exploitation runs all through their history: 17th- and 18th- century Swedish landlords on Dagö, who infringed their rights, betrayed them. -
Twenty Years After the Iron Curtain: the Czech Republic in Transition Zdeněk Janík March 25, 2010
Twenty Years after the Iron Curtain: The Czech Republic in Transition Zdeněk Janík March 25, 2010 Assistant Professor at Masaryk University in the Czech Republic n November of last year, the Czech Republic commemorated the fall of the communist regime in I Czechoslovakia, which occurred twenty years prior.1 The twentieth anniversary invites thoughts, many times troubling, on how far the Czechs have advanced on their path from a totalitarian regime to a pluralistic democracy. This lecture summarizes and evaluates the process of democratization of the Czech Republic’s political institutions, its transition from a centrally planned economy to a free market economy, and the transformation of its civil society. Although the political and economic transitions have been largely accomplished, democratization of Czech civil society is a road yet to be successfully traveled. This lecture primarily focuses on why this transformation from a closed to a truly open and autonomous civil society unburdened with the communist past has failed, been incomplete, or faced numerous roadblocks. HISTORY The Czech Republic was formerly the Czechoslovak Republic. It was established in 1918 thanks to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson and his strong advocacy for the self-determination of new nations coming out of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after the World War I. Although Czechoslovakia was based on the concept of Czech nationhood, the new nation-state of fifteen-million people was actually multi- ethnic, consisting of people from the Czech lands (Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia), Slovakia, Subcarpathian Ruthenia (today’s Ukraine), and approximately three million ethnic Germans. Since especially the Sudeten Germans did not join Czechoslovakia by means of self-determination, the nation- state endorsed the policy of cultural pluralism, granting recognition to the various ethnicities present on its soil. -
SWOT Analysis of Healthcare in Argentina 16
Global Longevity Governance Landscape 50 Countries Big Data Comparative Analysis of Longevity Progressiveness www.aginganalytics.com 50 Regions Practical Recommendations Countries with Low HALE and Life Expectancy and High Gap: 3 Recommendations United States Iran In death ratio some improvements are observed owing to The health system is one of the most complex systems with declining death rates from the three leading causes of death many variables and uncertainties. The management of this in the country -- heart disease, cancer and stroke. But in system needs trained managers. One of the current recent years, in United States costs of healthcare provision shortcomings is lack of those specifically trained for this have started to rise much more quickly with greater use of purpose. There is all high income inequality in the country. modern technological medicine. While spending is highest, Government should improve access in healthcare coverage the United States ranks not in the top in the world for its for the families with a low income. levels of health care. So, first of all, in order to improve HALE Turkey government should improve health insurance for poor Turkey faces a health care system inefficiencies. Infant population as there is big income inequality and reduce high mortality rate is relatively high and not all population had administrative costs for cost efficiency. The government health insurance, resulting in unequal healthcare access should focus on medical advances, some improvements in among different population groups. It is need to improve lifestyle, and screening and diagnosis. access for high-quality healthcare services and target the Estonia main causes of death through government initiatives. -
List of Prime Ministers of Estonia
SNo Name Took office Left office Political party 1 Konstantin Päts 24-02 1918 26-11 1918 Rural League 2 Konstantin Päts 26-11 1918 08-05 1919 Rural League 3 Otto August Strandman 08-05 1919 18-11 1919 Estonian Labour Party 4 Jaan Tõnisson 18-11 1919 28-07 1920 Estonian People's Party 5 Ado Birk 28-07 1920 30-07 1920 Estonian People's Party 6 Jaan Tõnisson 30-07 1920 26-10 1920 Estonian People's Party 7 Ants Piip 26-10 1920 25-01 1921 Estonian Labour Party 8 Konstantin Päts 25-01 1921 21-11 1922 Farmers' Assemblies 9 Juhan Kukk 21-11 1922 02-08 1923 Estonian Labour Party 10 Konstantin Päts 02-08 1923 26-03 1924 Farmers' Assemblies 11 Friedrich Karl Akel 26-03 1924 16-12 1924 Christian People's Party 12 Jüri Jaakson 16-12 1924 15-12 1925 Estonian People's Party 13 Jaan Teemant 15-12 1925 23-07 1926 Farmers' Assemblies 14 Jaan Teemant 23-07 1926 04-03 1927 Farmers' Assemblies 15 Jaan Teemant 04-03 1927 09-12 1927 Farmers' Assemblies 16 Jaan Tõnisson 09-12 1927 04-121928 Estonian People's Party 17 August Rei 04-121928 09-07 1929 Estonian Socialist Workers' Party 18 Otto August Strandman 09-07 1929 12-02 1931 Estonian Labour Party 19 Konstantin Päts 12-02 1931 19-02 1932 Farmers' Assemblies 20 Jaan Teemant 19-02 1932 19-07 1932 Farmers' Assemblies 21 Karl August Einbund 19-07 1932 01-11 1932 Union of Settlers and Smallholders 22 Konstantin Päts 01-11 1932 18-05 1933 Union of Settlers and Smallholders 23 Jaan Tõnisson 18-05 1933 21-10 1933 National Centre Party 24 Konstantin Päts 21-10 1933 24-01 1934 Non-party 25 Konstantin Päts 24-01 1934 -
'Russia Is a Threat': Estonia Frets About Its Neighbor
Opinions ‘Russia is a threat’: Estonia frets about its neighbor In an interview, President Kersti Kaljulaid says Trump must stand up to Moscow. By Lally Weymouth March 24 Lally Weymouth is a senior associate editor at The Washington Post. TALLINN, ESTONIA Estonian President Kersti Kaljulaid is treading carefully. Sitting in her office this past week, she said she believes Vice President Pence’s assurances that, despite President Trump’s skepticism, the United States is committed to NATO. A NATO battalion just arrived to make this small and vulnerable Baltic nation feel safer from Russia, a powerful neighbor historically ambivalent about its independence. Kaljulaid, chosen last year as a compromise candidate, spoke to The Washington Post’s Lally Weymouth about Vladimir Putin, NATO and a childhood spent under Soviet occupation. Edited excerpts follow. Q. Is Russia a threat? Are you worried? A. Yes, I am worried. Russia is a threat. Not a physical threat to any NATO country but [a threat] to the international security architecture. In 2008, they moved on Georgia. Q. When Russia occupied Abkhazia and South Ossetia? A. That was the first sign. It blew over very quickly — European countries went back to business and life continued. This, of course, taught President Putin a lesson: He could push a little more. Q. He got the message he could do whatever he wants? A. If he does it bit by bit, yes. When he went into Crimea, it stopped for a while because the European countries and America this time recognized that they needed to draw a red line. -
Republic of Estonia (Banking and Cürbency Befobm) 7 % Loan, 1927
[Distributed to the Council and C. 186. M. 60. 1928. ii the Members of the League.] (F. 514.) Geneva, August 3rd, 1928. LEAGUE OF NATIONS REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA (BANKING AND CÜRBENCY BEFOBM) 7 % LOAN, 1927 FIRST ANNUAL REPORT BY THE TRUSTEE covering the period from June 15lh, 1927, to June 30th, 1928. I ntroduction . In conformity with the decision of the Council of September 15th, 1927. I have the honour to submit to the Council of the League of Nations my first annual report as Trustee for the " Republic of Estonia (Banking and Currency Reform) 7 % Loan. 1927 ”, it may be useful to give in this first report a somewhat detailed description of the execution of the scheme and of the duties of the Trustee. The essential features of the Estonian banking and currency reform, on which the Estonian Government and the financial experts of the League had already been working for some time, are contained in the Protocol signed at Geneva on December 10th. 1926. by the Estonian Minister of Finance, and approved by the Council on the same day. As provided for in this Protocol, the following laws were passed by the Estonian Parliament early in May 1927. viz., (1) the Eesti Pank Statutes Law, (2) the Monetary Law of Estonia, (3) the Law to terminate the Issue of Treasury and " Change ” Notes, and (4) the Foreign Loan Law 1. Thereupon, it was permissible to open negotiations for the loan which was to be issued under the auspices of the League and which was to produce an effective net yield of £1.350,000. -
Reforms in the Hospital Healthcare System in Macedonia, Estonia and Hungary
Reforms in the Hospital Healthcare System in Macedonia, Estonia and Hungary An overview of the implemented reforms, the reactions from stakeholders and evaluation of policies Introduction The aim of this study is to explore healthcare reforms of the public health system in Estonia, Hungary and Macedonia in terms of changes in the level of corporatization, autonomization and decentralization of the health care sector – commonly denominated as New Public Management (NPM), within the period of most recent and intensive reforms for each respective country. The study at hand consists of three individual country reports which reflect and assess the reforms which were implemented within their respective national contexts. Each of the reports, firstly provides an overview of the reforms implemented, while also assessing how these reforms fit within the NPM paradigm. Subsequently, each country report explores the effects of the reforms on health care employees and whether the changes had triggered some kind of collective responses by labor unions and the general public. Each country report concludes by highlighting the potential impact of employees and the public’s reaction in shaping the course of healthcare sector reforms and in the quality of health services in general. Finally, this study concludes with a comparative overview of the general trends in healthcare reforms in all three countries as representative of post-socialist transitioning states. Methodology Reforms in health care sectors were traced by sector-specific government programs and changes in the related legislation. Reaction of employees and the public were mapped through daily news and other media sources, surveys and opinion polls, as well as written declarations and petitions of labor unions and other related employee associations and patients’ representatives. -
Crown Agents Bank's Currency Capabilities
Crown Agents Bank’s Currency Capabilities August 2020 Country Currency Code Foreign Exchange RTGS ACH Mobile Payments E/M/F Majors Australia Australian Dollar AUD ✓ ✓ - - M Canada Canadian Dollar CAD ✓ ✓ - - M Denmark Danish Krone DKK ✓ ✓ - - M Europe European Euro EUR ✓ ✓ - - M Japan Japanese Yen JPY ✓ ✓ - - M New Zealand New Zealand Dollar NZD ✓ ✓ - - M Norway Norwegian Krone NOK ✓ ✓ - - M Singapore Singapore Dollar SGD ✓ ✓ - - E Sweden Swedish Krona SEK ✓ ✓ - - M Switzerland Swiss Franc CHF ✓ ✓ - - M United Kingdom British Pound GBP ✓ ✓ - - M United States United States Dollar USD ✓ ✓ - - M Africa Angola Angolan Kwanza AOA ✓* - - - F Benin West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Botswana Botswana Pula BWP ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Burkina Faso West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Cameroon Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F C.A.R. Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Chad Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Cote D’Ivoire West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ F DR Congo Congolese Franc CDF ✓ - - ✓ F Congo (Republic) Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Egypt Egyptian Pound EGP ✓ ✓ - - F Equatorial Guinea Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Eswatini Swazi Lilangeni SZL ✓ ✓ - - F Ethiopia Ethiopian Birr ETB ✓ ✓ N/A - F 1 Country Currency Code Foreign Exchange RTGS ACH Mobile Payments E/M/F Africa Gabon Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Gambia Gambian Dalasi GMD ✓ - - - F Ghana Ghanaian Cedi GHS ✓ ✓ - ✓ F Guinea Guinean Franc GNF ✓ - ✓ - F Guinea-Bissau West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ - - F Kenya Kenyan Shilling KES ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ F Lesotho Lesotho Loti LSL ✓ ✓ - - E Liberia Liberian -
A History of German-Scandinavian Relations
A History of German – Scandinavian Relations A History of German-Scandinavian Relations By Raimund Wolfert A History of German – Scandinavian Relations Raimund Wolfert 2 A History of German – Scandinavian Relations Table of contents 1. The Rise and Fall of the Hanseatic League.............................................................5 2. The Thirty Years’ War............................................................................................11 3. Prussia en route to becoming a Great Power........................................................15 4. After the Napoleonic Wars.....................................................................................18 5. The German Empire..............................................................................................23 6. The Interwar Period...............................................................................................29 7. The Aftermath of War............................................................................................33 First version 12/2006 2 A History of German – Scandinavian Relations This essay contemplates the history of German-Scandinavian relations from the Hanseatic period through to the present day, focussing upon the Berlin- Brandenburg region and the northeastern part of Germany that lies to the south of the Baltic Sea. A geographic area whose topography has been shaped by the great Scandinavian glacier of the Vistula ice age from 20000 BC to 13 000 BC will thus be reflected upon. According to the linguistic usage of the term -
Bank of Estonia (Eesti Pank) Act – Riigi Teataja
Bank of Estonia (Eesti Pank) Act – Riigi Teataja https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/513042015009/consolide Issuer: Riigikogu Type: act In force from: 29.03.2015 In force until: In force Translation published: 13.04.2015 Bank of Estonia (Eesti Pank) Act Passed 18.05.1993 RT I 1993, 28, 498 Entry into force 18.06.1993 Chapter 1 General Provisions § 1. Legal foundations of the Bank of Estonia(Eesti Pank) (1) The Bank of Estonia (Eesti Pank) - hereinafter, ‘the Bank of Estonia’ - is the central bank of the Republic of Estonia and a member of the European System of Central Banks. The Bank of Estonia is the legal successor to the Bank of Estonia which was established as the central bank of the Republic of Estonia in 1919. [RT I 2006, 29, 219 - entry into force 08.07.2006] (2) The Bank of Estonia is a legal person with its own Statute, seal, coat of arms and other insignia permitted by the law. (3) The Bank of Estonia operates pursuant to the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia, the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia Amendment Act, the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, the Statute of the European System of Central Banks and of the European Central Bank, legislation of the European Central Bank, this Act, other Acts and its Statute. [RT I 2010, 22, 108 - entry into force 01.01.2011] (4) The legal status of the Bank of Estonia may only be changed by the passage of a Bank of Estonia Act Amendment Act. -
Forschungsarbeit Von Katrin Lisa Laius
Tallinna Saksa Gümnaasium FRIEDENSGEMEINDE NÕMME Forschungsarbeit Katrin-Lisa Laius 10.a Betreuerin: Küllike Kütt Tallinn 2018 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS EINLEITUNG .........................................................................................................................................3 1. FRIEDENSKIRCHE NÕMME .....................................................................................................5 1.1 . Zur Geschichte ......................................................................................................................5 2. FRIEDENSGEMEINDE NÕMME ...............................................................................................7 3. ERLÖSERKIRCHE NÕMME ......................................................................................................9 3.1. Zur Geschichte .......................................................................................................................... 10 3.2. Deutsche Gemeinde der Erlöser – eine deutsche Gemeinde.................................................. 11 4. NIKOLAI VON GLEHN ............................................................................................................. 12 4.1 Wer war er? ................................................................................................................................ 12 4.2. Nikolai von Glehn als Gründer von Nõmme .......................................................................... 12 5. ANALYSE VON DER GESCHICHTE.....................................................................................