Southern Bioenergy Roadmap
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Southern Bioenergy Roadmap Southern Bioenergy Roadmap SOUTHEAST AGRICULTURE & FORESTRY ENERGY RESOURCES ALLIANCE A project of the Southeast Agriculture & Forestry Energy Resources Alliance (SAFER) SOUTHEAST AGRICULTURE & FORESTRY and the University of Florida ENERGY RESOURCES ALLIANCE Southern Bioenergy Roadmap A project of the Southeast Agriculture & Forestry Energy Resources Alliance (SAFER) and the University of Florida Charity Pennock Program Manager, Southern Growth Policies Board Project Coordinator, SAFER Scott Doron Director, Southern Technology Council Southern Growth Policies Board Research Team Dr. Janaki R.R. Alavalapati Ilan Kaufer Professor and Head, Department of Forestry, College of Natural PhD Student, School of Forest Resources and Conservation Resources, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University University of Florida Dr. Alan W. Hodges Jagannadha R. Matta Extension Scientist, Food and Resource Economics Department, Project Associate, School of Forest Resources and Conservation Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida University of Florida Andres Susaeta Pankaj Lal PhD Student, School of Forest Resources and Conservation PhD Student, School of Forest Resources and Conservation University of Florida University of Florida Sidhanand Kukrety Puneet Dwivedi PhD Student, School of Forest Resources and Conservation PhD Student, School of Forest Resources and Conservation University of Florida University of Florida Dr. Thomas J. Stevens III Dr. Mohammad Rahmani Post Doctoral Associate, Food and Resource Economics Department, Coordinator of Economic Analysis, Food and Resource Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Economics Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute University of Florida of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida SAFER Steering Committee & Advisors Leonard Bull John Long Timothy White Co-Chairman, Professor of Animal Science Owner, Overbridge Farm Director and Professor, School of Forest Associate Director, Animal and Poultry Waste Resources and Conservation, Management Center, North Carolina State Nathan McClure University of Florida University Chief Forester, Forest Uilization and Marketing, Georgia Forestry Commission Kelly Zering Liam Leightley Associate Professor, Department of Agriculture Co-Chairman, Executive Director, Institute of Timothy Rials & Resource Economics, North Carolina State Advanced Learning and Research Director, Research and Development, Office of University Bioenergy Programs, University of Tennessee Brian Davison Chief Scientist, Life Sciences, Oak Ridge Stephen Smith Advisors National Laboratory Executive Director, Southern Alliance for Clean Energy Brent Bailey David E. Dismukes Southeast Facillitator, 25 x ‘25 Professor, Associate Executive Director & Ron Sparks Director of Policy Analysis, Center for Energy Commissioner, Alabama Department of John Bonitz Studies, Louisiana State University Agriculture and Industries Farm Outreach & Policy Advocacy, Southern Alliance for Clean Energy Thomas Klindt David Waide Associate Dean, AgResearch Center, President, Mississippi Farm Bureau Glen Zorn University of Tennessee Deputy Commissioner, Alabama Department Doyle Weltzbarker of Agriculture and Industries Brooksco Dairy LLC SAFER Underwriting Member: Southern Association of Agriculture Experiment Station Directors Special thanks to: Memphis Bioworks Foundation, Biomass South 2008 Funded in part by: The Energy Foundation SOUTHEAST AGRICULTURE & FORESTRY ENERGY RESOURCES ALLIANCE c/o SOUTHERN GROWTH POLICIES BOARD P.O. BOX 12293, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27709 PHONE: 919-941-5145 • FAX: 919-941-5594 http://www.saferalliance.net ©2009 Southeast Agriculture & Forestry Energy Resources Alliance Table of Contents The Southern Bioenergy Roadmap can be downloaded in full at http://www.saferalliance.net/projects/bioenergy_roadmap.pdf Executive Summary ..................................................................................1 Introduction ...........................................................................................13 I. Socio-economic, Land Use, and Energy Profile Socio-economic profile ...................................................................... 15 Land use allocations ..........................................................................17 Energy profile ...................................................................................20 Renewable electricity .........................................................................24 Alternative fuels ................................................................................25 Emissions ........................................................................................26 II. Commercial Inventory Fueling stations .................................................................................27 Biofuel production plants .................................................................... 28 Electric power generation from biomass ................................................. 31 Biomass feedstock availability .............................................................. 37 Summary of bioenergy feedstock resources ............................................. 49 Economic contribution of biopower generation ....................................... 50 III. Policy Inventory State energy plans .............................................................................53 Policies and programs ........................................................................ 54 Regulatory mechanisms ...................................................................... 55 Incentive-based policies ..................................................................... 58 Support programs ..............................................................................61 IV. Research & Education Research centers ...............................................................................63 Education & training centers ................................................................ 64 V. Results from Expert Survey and Stakeholder Meeting Open-ended survey ...........................................................................66 Stakeholder meetings .........................................................................74 Endnotes & Bibliography ........................................................................ 75 Appendices A - Listing of bioenergy-related companies in the South............................. 78 B - Select bioenergy policies of Southern States ....................................... 90 C - Select bioenergy research centers in the South .................................. 117 D - Select bioenergy education and training centers in the South ............... 122 E - Expert perception survey .............................................................. 125 ©2009 Southeast Agriculture & Forestry Energy Resources Alliance Executive Summary a In June 2008, U.S. gasoline prices soared to over $4 a gallon, bringing About SAFER: into question the country’s dependence on oil. In November 2008, the International Energy Agency reported that by 2030 the demand for energy SAFER would grow by 45 percent. In January 2009, recession and rising unemploy- The Southeast Agriculture & Forestry Energy Resources ment caused local, state, and federal leaders to seek new ways to stimu- Alliance (SAFER) was formed late the economy, create jobs, and increase tax revenues. Altogether, these to provide strategic leadership to the agricultural and events, rather than be cause for fear and anxiety, represent a window of forestry sectors in advancing opportunity for which the South1 is uniquely positioned. renewable energy initiatives in the Southeast with the purpose of seeing the South What’s the opportunity? become the nation’s leader in For the South to lead the U.S. in reducing the nation’s dependence on im- renewable energy production. SAFER works toward this vision ported oil, meeting new energy demand, and creating thousands of jobs for by engaging in strategies for Southerners. better policy, targeted research, efficient commercialization, and outreach and education. How does the South do it? The Alliance was formed in 2006 through an initiative By wisely using its resources to become the nation’s leader in the research, of the Energy Foundation in 2 conjunction with the national production, and distribution of bioenergy . 25 x ’25 committee to bring together representation What’s the economic impact? from across the bioenergy landscape. In early 2007, the Alliance selected Southern Increased jobs and wealth for Southerners, particularly in rural commu- Growth Policies Board to be its nities. In 2007, the renewable energy sector grossed over $40 billion in management and fiscal agent. To become a member 3 revenues and employed over 500,000 workers in the U.S. Two studies and for more information, go to provide examples of the potential economic impact: http://www.saferalliance.net. ➤ A 2007 study by the University of Georgia found that the annual operation Southern Growth of a 49 million gallon cellulosic ethanol4 plant in Treutlen County, Georgia Policies Board Southern Growth Policies Board (population ~7,000) would have a total direct and indirect economic is a non-partisan public policy impact to the state of $150 million in annual revenues, $17.5 million think tank based in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. in annual labor income, $3 million in annual state and local taxes, and Formed by the region’s 444 jobs.5 governors