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A Legal Guide for Manitoba Teens

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A Legal Guide for Manitoba Teens UNDER 18 HANDBOOK A LEGAL GUIDE FOR MANITOBA TEENS CONTENTS Introduction to the Under 18 Handbook .................. 4 LGTBQ Couples .......................................................32 Using this Handbook .............................................. 4 Chapter 6 Adoption ..............................................33 Chapter 1 You and the Law ..................................... 5 Placing a Child for Adoption .....................................33 The Laws ....................................................................5 Finding Your Birth Parents .......................................34 The Courts..................................................................6 Chapter 7 Child Protection ....................................36 Lawyers ......................................................................7 Parents .....................................................................36 Legal Aid ....................................................................9 Child In Need Of Protection .....................................36 Chapter 2 You and School .....................................10 Rights of Children in Care ........................................38 Attending School ......................................................10 Chapter 8 Health and Sex .....................................40 Causing Trouble at School ........................................11 Medical Care ............................................................40 School Records ........................................................12 Doctors .....................................................................40 Religious Classes in Public Schools .........................13 Community Health Clinics ........................................41 Religious Exercises in Public Schools ......................13 Pregnancy ................................................................42 Patriotic Observances ..............................................13 Health Care Directives ..............................................43 Chapter 3 Making Money ......................................14 Chapter 9 Human rights and Discrimination ...........44 Getting a Job ............................................................14 Discrimination ..........................................................44 Hours of Work ..........................................................14 Sexual Harassment ..................................................45 Wages ......................................................................15 The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms .......46 Getting Time Off .......................................................16 Chapter 10 Aboriginal Peoples ..............................48 The End of a Job ......................................................18 Aboriginal Youth .......................................................49 Health and Safety at Work ........................................18 Aboriginal Justice .....................................................49 Unions ......................................................................19 Status Indians ..........................................................51 Other Ways of Making Money ..................................20 Chapter 11 You and Crime ....................................52 Financial Assistance .................................................21 Crimes ......................................................................52 Chapter 4 Contracts ..............................................23 The Youth Criminal Justice Act ................................52 Being Under 18 and Contracts ................................23 You and the Police ...................................................52 Consumer Protection ...............................................23 You and the Courts ...................................................56 Collection Agencies ..................................................25 Chapter 12 You and Crime ....................................60 Chapter 5 Relationships ........................................26 Driving ......................................................................60 Dating .......................................................................26 Drinking and Driving ................................................62 Living Together .........................................................27 Chapter 13 You and Drugs ....................................63 Children Born To Unmarried Parents .......................28 Tobacco Products ....................................................63 Marriage ...................................................................29 Alcohol .....................................................................63 Marriage Breakdown ................................................30 Other Intoxicating Substances ..................................64 Children ....................................................................31 Drugs .......................................................................64 INTRODUCTION TO THE UNDER 18 HANDBOOK Persons under the age of 18 have a special use. While many laws discussed or referred to place in our society. As members of the whole are common to all Manitobans, there is specific society, they are governed by most of the laws emphasis on those rules that affect only youth that everyone else lives with. But because they under 18. are not adults, there are other distinct laws that apply only to people under 18. We have also written this handbook for teachers and others who work with youth in the We have written this handbook principally community. We hope that having access to this for people between the ages of 12 and 18. handbook will be helpful to you and the young It is intended to introduce various laws and people with whom you come into contact. community resources that young persons can USING THIS HANDBOOK This handbook has been developed using You will also find the community resources a question and answer format. We have listed by subject heading at the back of the attempted to anticipate questions a person handbook. It is our hope that the material between the ages of 12 and 18 might have provided in each section can stand on its own within the various areas of law. The Table of and be reproduced as a handout for students Contents is organized under subject headings or clients, if desired. and includes the page number where each subject can be found. Whenever possible, As changes in the law or community resources community resources have been included develop, we will provide replacement pages so in the appropriate section of the handbook. that the information remains current. 4 Under 18 Handbook | Manitoba Association for Rights & Liberties CHAPTER 1 YOU AND THE LAW THE LAWS When you are 7, you will have to begin attending school. What are laws? When you are 12, you may babysit A statute is a formal, written document of children for money, be left alone, the government stating the laws. and be charged criminally as a young person Laws are the rules made by the government that all members of society must follow. Laws help When you are 14, you can be us maintain a sense of order and give us a way charged criminally as a young to solve problems peacefully. Laws are made person and, in some cases, you can by the federal Parliament or by the provincial be sentenced as an adult offender. legislatures. These laws are called statutes. One example of a statute is the Criminal Code, which When you are 16, you can enter sets out what are crimes in Canada. the work force without a permit, Laws also come from our common law get married with the consent of system. The common law is made up of all your parents, make a health care of the cases which have gone to court in the directive, get a driver’s license past. The decisions made by the judges in with your parents’ permission, and those cases have become legal principles still register a motor vehicle with your used by the courts today. One example of a parents’ permission. legal principle made by the common law is the idea of contracts. When you are 18, you can quit There are several areas of law such as school, get married, try to find your criminal law, civil law and family law. birth parents if you are adopted, be charged criminally as an adult, Who makes the laws? get a driver’s license without your The governments of provinces and Canada parents’ permission, register a make the laws to keep order and peace motor vehicle without your parents’ in society. Without laws there would be no permission, purchase and legally rules to live by. Bad people and bullies could smoke tobacco products, purchase do whatever they wanted, with no threat of and legally drink alcohol, legally get consequences. into bars, and vote. Manitoba Association for Rights & Liberties | Under 18 Handbook 5 It is the voters who decide who makes the If you have any questions about our court laws. The governments that make and change system phone the Winnipeg Courts Office. the laws are elected by voters. Therefore, people vote for the person whom they think What happens in a criminal case? will make the best laws. If you are under the age of 18 and are To find out more about current government charged criminally with breaking the law, your members and policies, phone the Citizens’ case will be heard by a youth court. Inquiry Service or Government of Canada Information. The government of Manitoba - the Crown - prosecutes you and is represented by a lawyer. To be prosecuted means You may Citizens’ Inquiry
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