318 SHORTCOMMUNICATIONS VOL. 32, NO. 4

SAINT-GIRONS, M.-C. 1989. Les mammif•res en France. TORRE,J. 1995. L'Aigle royal (Aquilachrysaetos) en Corse: Sang de la Terre et La Manufacture, Paris, France. r•partition et biologie de la reproduction. Trav. Sc. SIMMONS, R.E., D.M. AVERY •ND G. AVERY. 1991. Biaises ParcNat. Rdg.Res. Nat. Corse51:87-90. in diets determined from pellets and remains:correc- V•GNE,J.-D. 1991. The meat and offal weight (MOW) tion factorsfor a and -eatingraptor. J. method and the relativeproportion of ovicaprinesin RaptorRes. 25:63-67. some ancient meat diets of the north-western Medi- SPILLMANN,P.-L. 1991. Atlasdes pois desmammif•res sau- terranean. Rivistadi StudiLigruri 57:21-47. rages terrestres de Corse. M•m. Maitrise Sci. Tech., 1995. Crit•res de d•termination des onglons Universit• de Corse, Corta, Corsica. d'artiodactylesde Corse pour une contribution /t la connaissancedu r•gime alimentairedu Gypa•te. Rev. TJERNBERG,M. 1981.Diet of the Golden EagleAquila chry- Ecol. (Terre Vie) 50:85-92. saetosduring the breeding seasonin Sweden.Holarct. Ecol. 4:12-19. Received12 October 1997;accepted 27July 1998

j. RaptorRes. 32(4):318-321 ¸ 1998 The Raptor ResearchFoundation, Inc.

A Rl•colm OF A FROM EASTERN PARAGUAY

THOMAS M. BROOKS •

Departmentof Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 569 DabneyHall, Universityof Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 3 7996-1610 U.S.A.

I•Y WORDS: HarpyEagle; Harpia harpyja;Paraguay; sight on the back, scapularsand wing coverts,with black lower record. on the wings.I did not seethe upperwingsor uppertail in flight. On 2 August1995, I recordedan immatureHarpy Ea- Not all of the salientcharacters, notably the enormous gle (Harpia harpyja)in at ReservaPrivada Itab6 tarsiand the dividedcrest could be seendue to the angle (24ø20'S,54ø35'W), Departamento Canindeyfi, Paraguay. of observation.However, nothing about the bird indicat- The Harpy Eagle is poorly known in Paraguayand has ed that it wasa CrestedEagle (Morphnusguianensis). Im- not been previouslyrecorded at this site. mature CrestedEagles are distinguishedfrom immature I first sightedthe perched eagle in an emergent tree Harpy Eaglesby their slimmerbodies, long tails,smaller beside the main road through the reserve.It had been bills, dark lores,black-tipped crests and long, relatively forced into the tree by a flock of sevenWhite-eyed Par- small tarsi. Light phase CrestedEagles also have white akeets(Aratinga leucopthalmus). After 10 min, the bird was underwingcoverts contrasting with barredremiges (Hilty againmobbed by the parakeetflock, causing it to fly off and Brown 1986). CrestedEagles have not been record- into the adjacentforest canopy. ed in Paraguay(Hayes 1995), althoughthey havebeen There wasno questionthat the bird wasa HarpyEagle. historicallyrecorded in , Its mostobvious feature was its large,completely creamy- (Naroskyand Yzurieta 1987). white facial disc.Its bill was dark grey and its eyeslarge I excluded other large raptorssuch as Mantied Hawk and black. Several completely white formed a (Leucopternispolionota), Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle (Spi- crest on its head. Its breast and belly were a uniform zasturmelanoleucus) , Black Hawk-Eagle ( LSpizaetustyrannus) creamywhite exceptfor a pale grey area acrossits breast. and Ornate Hawk-Eagle (S. ornatus)based on the size The undertailappeared dark brownand the underwings and bulk of the bird alone and the of the bird appearedpale with somedark barring. I hardly sawthe I observeddid not match the plumagesof any of these upperpartsbut they appearedto be largelygrey, at least species(Narosky and Yzurieta1987). The latter three spe- cies are known from Reserva Privada Itab6 (Lowen et al. 1Present address: Department of BiologicalSciences and 1996). Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies, 12 Ozark The Harpy Eagle is rare throughout its range from Hall, Universityof Arkansas,Fayetteville, AR 72701U.S.A. to Argentina. It wasconsidered Globally Threat- DECEMBER 1998 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS 319

N

Brazil / _ • __3 varagu.._ay

Argent•a• Figure 1. Forestcover and somerecent recordsof Harpy Eaglesin the Atlantic forests.Forest cover is shadeddark following Brown and Brown (1992). Recent records of Harpy Eaglesare as follows: (1) Estaq5oExperimental Pau-Brasil,Porto Seguro,, 1991 (Forrester1993, Galetti et al. 1997), (2) probable at SooretamaFederal Bio- logical Reserve,Espirito Santo, 1993 (Forrester1993), (3) CompaniaVale do Rio Doce Reserve,Linhares, Espirito Santo, 1992 and 1995 (Forrester 1993, Galetti et al. 1997), (4) probable at Nova Lombardia Federal Biological Reserve,Espirito Santo, 1993 (Forrester 1993), (5) reported without details from Rio Doce State Park and Fazenda Montes Claros, (Forrester 1993), (6) reported without detailsfrom Serra do Mar, Itatiaia National Park and Serrados Org5os, (Forrester1993), (7) Canan6ia,S5o Paulo, 1989, 1990, 1991 and 1993 (Galetti et al. 1997), (8) Parqu6Estadual da Serrado Tabuleiro,Santa Catarina, 1989 (Albuquerque1995), (9) Turvo, Paran/t, 1984-85 (Bornscheinand Straube 1991), (10) Cascavel,Paran/t, 1982-83 (Bornscheinand Straube 1991); Argentina (11) Misiones,1980-90s (Chebez et al. 1990, Chebez 1992, De Lucca et al. 1993, De Lucca 1996); Paraguay(12) Itaipfi BiologicalReserves, Alto Paran/t,1990s (Gill Morlis et al. 1995), (13) ReservaPrivada Itab6, Canindeyfi,1995 (this record), (14) ReservaNatural del BosqueMbaracayfi, Canindeyfi, 1994 (Madrofio-Nieto and Esquivel1995), and(15) Caaguazfi,1993 (Lowen et al. 1996)., ened (Collar and Andrew 1988) but it has now been Iguaqu National Park, Paran/t State, Brazil and Saibene downgradedto Near Threatened (Collar et al. 1992) due et al. (1996) did not list the speciesfor Iguazfi National to the large amounts of habitat for the speciesin the Park, MisionesProvince (Argentina). However,Harpy Ea- Amazonian portion of its range. In southeasternBrazil, gles have recentlybeen found nestingat higher altitude •t is very rare (Scott and Brooke 1985) and recent records sites elsewherein the province, in Departamentos San from this region (Fig. 1) range from Bahia (Galetti et al. Pedro, Eldoradoand Iguazfi (Chebezet al. 1990, Chebez 1997) south to Santa Catarina (Albuquerque 1995, do 1992, De Lucca et al. 1993, De Lucca 1996). Ros/trio 1996), with scattered sightings in between Hayes (1995) listsseven records of Harpy Eaglesfrom (Bornschein and Straube 1991, Forrester 1993, Tobias et a wide range of locationsin Paraguay,although none of al. 1993, Sick 1993, Scherer-Neto and Straube 1995, do these are supported by published descriptionsor speci- Ros•io 1996, Galetti et al. 1997). mens. In addition, there is a recent sight record from the The extensive deforestation of Paran/t State (Albu- Itaipfi BiologicalReserves in Departamento Alto Paran/t querque 1995) has probablynow permanentlyseparated (Gill Morlis et al. 1995, Scherer-Neto and Straube 1995). these coastalpopulations of Harpy Eaglesfrom the in- Madrofio-Nieto and Esquivel (1995) recorded an imma- land Paran/tenseforest of Iguazfi National Park, Paran/t ture Harpy Eagle at Lagunita in the ReservaNatural del State (Brazil), Misiones Province (Argentina) and eastern Bosque Mbaracayfi, Departamento Canindeyfi in 1994 Paraguay.Forrester (1993) did not list any records for and an eagle was reported in Caaguazfi in 1993 (Lowen 320 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS VOL. 32, NO. 4 et al. 1996). The speciesis considered Endangered in deforestation and speciesextinction. Chapman and Paraguay(CDC 1990). Hall, London, U.K. The Reserva Privada Itab6 covers 3000 ha of forest CDC. 1990. Areas prioritarias para la conservaci6nen la which is sustainablyharvested for palmito hearts of palm Regi6n Oriental del Paraguay.Centro de Datos para (Brookset al. 1993). The concentration of fruiting palms la Conservaci6n,Asunci6n, Paraguay. at the site attractslarge numbersof frugivorousbirds and CHEBEZ,J.C. 1992. Notas sobre algunasaves poco cono- , which in turn support high densities of car- cidas o amenazadasde Misiones (Argentina). Aprona mvores (Lowen et al. 1995). Presence of an immature Bol. Cient. 21:12-29. Harpy Eagle potentiallyindicates that the speciesbreeds --, M. SILVA CROOME, A. SERRET AND A. TA•ORDA. at Itabt. However, the lack of other records at the site 1990. La nidificaci6n de la harpia (Havpiahavpyja) en (Lowen et al. 1996) suggeststhat this bird wasmore prob- Argentina. Hornero13:155-158. ably a wandering individual attracted to the site by the COLLAr,N.J. AND P. ANDPeW.1988. to watch. The abundance of food. Albuquerque (1995) similarly felt ICBP World Check-list of Threatened Birds. Interna- that individual Harpy move between Araucaria tional Council for Bird Preservation,Cambridge, U.K groveswith the seasonalabundance of prey, and until --, L.P. GONZAGA, N. KRABBE, A. MADROlqO-NIETO, 1958 "migrant individuals" occurred in summer in Rio L.G. NARANJO,T.A. PARKERIII AND D.C. WZGZ. 1992. Grande do Sul State, Brazil (Sick 1993). Whatever the Threatened birds of the Americas. The ICBP/IUCN explanation for the presenceof the individual at Itabt, Red Data Book. International Council for Bird Pres- thts record supportsthe conclusionthat ReservaPrivada ervation, Cambridge, U.K. Itab6 is of key importance for bird conservationin Par- DE LUCCA,E.R. 1996. A successfulnest of Harpy Eagles aguay (Lowen et al. 1995). in Argentina.Hornero 14:70-72. , A. BLANCHARDAND E. COCONIER.1993. Programa RESUMEN.•E12 de agostode 1995 registr• un ejemplar Argentino para la conservaci6nde la harpia. Inform juvenil del /tguila harpia (Harpia havpyja)en la selvade 1991-1993. Page 15 in Resfimenes,primera reuni6n la Reserva Privada Itab6 (24ø20'S, 54ø35'W), Departa- de ornitologia de la Cuenca del Plata, 20-25 Septiem- mento Canindeyt, Paraguay. bre, 1993. Puerto Iguaz6, Argentina. [Traduccitn de Autor] DO ROSARIO, L.A. 1996. As aves em Santa Catarina. Dis- tribuifiqaogeogr•tfica e meio ambiente.Fundaqao do ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Meio Ambiente--FATMA, Florian6polis,Brazil. This observationwas made during Project YACUTIN- FORRESTER,B.C. 1993. Birding Brazil.A check-listand site GA '95 (Lowen et al. 1996). My thanksgo to that team, guide.John Geddes,Irvine, U.K. to the Fundacitn Mois•s Bertoni, and to everyoneat Re- GALETTI, M., P. MARTUSCELLI,M.A. Pizo AND I. SIMAO. serva Privada Itab6 for their support, and to the Harvard 1997.Records of Harpy and CrestedEagles in the Bra- Traveller'sClub Permanent Fund for supportingmy par- zilian . Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 117:27- ticipation in the project. Thanks to D. V•zquez for trans- 31. lations,J.M. Barnett, W. Belton, L.A. do Ros•trio,E Fer- n/tndez Camptn, P. Scherer-Neto, EC. Straube and J.A. GILL MORLIS, W., A. DuPe RODAS, N. PEREZVILLAMAYOR, Tobiasfor providing information and literature, and two A. COLMANJARA, J. VAN HUMBECKB. ANDW. SILVERA anonymousreviewers for helpful comments. AVALOS.1995. Vertebradosdel area de Itaipfi. Biota2. 1-64. LITERATURE CITED HAYES,F.E. 1995. Status, distribution and biogeography ALBUQUERQUE,J.L.B. 1995. Observationsof rare raptors of the birds of Paraguay.Monog. Field Ornithol. No in southern Atlantic rainforest of Brazil. J. Field Orni- 1., American Birding Association,Colorado Springs, thol. 66:363-369. CO U.S.A. BORNSCHEIN,M.R. ANDEC. STRAWBE.1991. Novos regis- HILTY,S.L. ANDW.L. BROWN.1986. A guide to the birds tros de algunsAccipitridae nos estadosdo Paran/t e of Colombia. Princeton University Press,Princeton, Santa Catarina (Sul do Brasil). Page 38 in Restmenes, NJ U.S.A. encuentro de ornitologia de Paraguay,Brasil y Argen- LOWEN,J.C., R.P. CLAY,T.M. BROOKS,E.Z. ESQUIVEL,L. tina, 8-11 Mayo 1991. Ciudad del Este, Paraguay. BARTRINA, R. BARNES, S.H.M. BUTCHART AND N.I. BROOKS,T.M., R. BARNES,L. BARTRINA,S.H.M. BUTCHART, ETCHEVERRY.1995. Bird conservationin the Paraguay- R.P. CLAY,E.Z. ESQUIVEL,N.I. ETCHEVERRY,J.C. LOWEN an Atlantic forest. Cotinga4:58-64. ANDJ. VINCENT.1993. Bird surveysand conservation , L. BARTRINA,R.P. CLAYAND J.A. TOBIAS.1996 in the ParaguayanAtlantic Forest. Project CANOPY Biologicalsurveys and conservationpriorities in east- '92: final report. BirdLife International StudyReport ern Paraguay.CSB Publications,Cambridge, U.K. No. 57. BirdLife International,Cambridge, U.K. MADROf40-NIETO, A. AND E.Z. ESQUIVEL. 1995. Reserva BROWN,K.S., JR. AND G.G. BROWN.1992. Habitat alter- natural del BosqueMbaracayfi: su importanciaen la ation and speciesloss in Brazilian forests.Pages 119- conservaci6nde avesamenazadas, cuasi-amenazadas y 142 in T.C. Whitmore and J.A. Sayer [EDs.], Tropical end6micasdel BosqueAtl/tntico. Cotinga4:52-57. DECEMBER 1998 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS 321

NAROSKY,T. ANDD. YZURIETA.1987. Birds of Argentina SCOTT,D.A. ANDM. DEL. BROOKE.1985. The endangered and Uruguay, a field guide. VazquezMazzini Editores, avifaunaof southeasternBrazil: a report on the BOU/ BuenosAires, Argentina. WWF expeditions of 1980/81 and 1981/82. Pages SAmv,NV,, C.A., M.A. CASTELINO,N.R. REY,J. HV,RI•RA AND 115-139 in A.W. Diamond and T.E. Lovejoy lEDS.I, J. CALO. 1996. Inventario de las avesdel Parque Na- Conservation of tropical forest birds. ICBP Tech. Publ. No. 4., International Council for Bird Preser- cional "Iguazfi," Misiones, Argentina. Editorial vation, Cambridge, U.K. L.O.L.A. Monograf/aNo. 9, BuenosAires, Argentina. SICK,H. 1993. Birds in Brazil. Princeton UniversityPress, SCHERER-NETO,P. AND F.C. STRAUBE.1995. Aves do Para- Princeton, NJ, U.S.A. nti. Hist6ria, lista anotada e bibliografia. Logos Press, Curitiba, Brazil. Received12 October 1997; accepted25 July 1998