Cigarette Smoking Behavior in the United States
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The Spatial Distribution of Tobacco Pipe Fragments at the Hudson's Bay Company Fort Vancouver Village Site: Smoking As a Shared and Social Practice
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses Spring 6-20-2013 The Spatial Distribution of Tobacco Pipe Fragments at the Hudson's Bay Company Fort Vancouver Village Site: Smoking as a Shared and Social Practice Katie Ann Wynia Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Wynia, Katie Ann, "The Spatial Distribution of Tobacco Pipe Fragments at the Hudson's Bay Company Fort Vancouver Village Site: Smoking as a Shared and Social Practice" (2013). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 1085. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.1085 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. The Spatial Distribution of Tobacco Pipe Fragments at the Hudson’s Bay Company Fort Vancouver Village Site: Smoking as a Shared and Social Practice by Katie Ann Wynia A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology Thesis Committee: Kenneth M. Ames, Chair Douglas C. Wilson Shelby Anderson Portland State University 2013 Abstract This thesis represents one of the first systematic, detailed spatial analyses of artifacts at the mid-19th century Hudson’s Bay Company’s Fort Vancouver Village site, and of clay tobacco pipe fragments in general. -
A Study of Effects of Mouthwash on the Human Oral Mucosae: with Special References to Sites, Sex Differences and Smoking
J. Nihon Univ. Sch. Dent., Vol. 39, No. 4, 202-210, 1997 A study of effects of mouthwash on the human oral mucosae: With special references to sites, sex differences and smoking Kayo Kuyama1 and Hirotsugu Yamamoto2 Departments of Public Health1 and Pathology2, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo (Received8 Septemberand accepted20 September1997) Abstract : In recent years, the use of mouthwash an ingredientof almost all mouthwashesat zero to 23.0 % has become widespread as a part of routine oral (9, 10), was discussed in particular (4, 6-8). In this hygiene. However, there have been no fundamental connection,Gagari et al. (1) pointed out that the exposure studies on the influence of mouthwashes on the human time of ethanol to the oral mucosae by mouthwashing oral mucosae. One hundred and twenty-five subjects was probably longer than that provided by drinking an (50 males and 75 females) were selected for this study. alcoholic beverage. The inflammation and/or The effects of mouthwash was assessed with the use of hyperkeratosis of the hamster cheek pouch caused by exfoliative cytological and cytomorphometric analyses exposure to a commerciallyavailable mouthwash with a of smears obtained from clinically normal upper high ethanol content were examined (11, 12). In a study labium and cheek mucosae before mouthwashing, 30 of human oral mucosae, epithelial peeling, ulceration, s, 10 min and 1 h after mouthwashing. The inflammationand other miscellaneouschanges occurred independent variables examined were oral site, sex in the mucosae as a result of mouthwashing with high- and smoking (smokers versus never-smokers). In all alcoholproducts (13). -
Tobacco Use by Indian Adolescents
Tobacco Induced Diseases Vol. 1, No. 2: 111–119 (2002) © PTID Society Tobacco use by Indian adolescents Chadda RK, Sengupta SN Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Human Behavior & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India ABSTRACT. Adolescents are the most vulnerable population to initiate tobacco use. It is now well estab- lished that most of the adult users of tobacco start tobacco use in childhood or adolescence. There has been a perceptible fall in smoking in the developed countries after realization of harmful effects of tobac- co. The tobacco companies are now aggressively targeting their advertising strategies in the developing countries like India. Adolescents often get attracted to tobacco products because of such propaganda. There has been a rapid increase in trade and use of smokeless tobacco products in recent years in the coun- try, which is a matter of serious concern to the health planners. It is important to understand various fac- tors that influence and encourage young teenagers to start smoking or to use other tobacco products. The age at first use of tobacco has been reduced considerably. However, law enforcing agencies have also taken some punitive measures in recent years to curtail the use of tobacco products. This paper focuses on vari- ous tobacco products available in India, the extent of their use in adolescents, factors leading to initiation of their use, and the preventive strategies, which could be used to deal with this menace. KEY WORDS: Smoking, nicotine, tobacco abuse, smokeless tobacco. INTRODUCTION Tobacco use in children and adolescents is reaching pandemic India; its use has unfortunately been well recognized among levels. -
Tax, Price and Cigarette Smoking
i62 Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tc.11.suppl_1.i62 on 1 March 2002. Downloaded from Tax, price and cigarette smoking: evidence from the tobacco documents and implications for tobacco company marketing strategies F J Chaloupka, K M Cummings, CP Morley, JK Horan ............................................................................................................................. Tobacco Control 2002;11(Suppl I):i62–i72 Objective: To examine tobacco company documents to determine what the companies knew about the impact of cigarette prices on smoking among youth, young adults, and adults, and to evaluate how this understanding affected their pricing and price related marketing strategies. Methods: Data for this study come from tobacco industry documents contained in the Youth and Marketing database created by the Roswell Park Cancer Institute and available through http:// roswell.tobaccodocuments.org, supplemented with documents obtained from http://www. See end of article for tobaccodocuments.org. authors’ affiliations Results: Tobacco company documents provide clear evidence on the impact of cigarette prices on ....................... cigarette smoking, describing how tax related and other price increases lead to significant reductions in smoking, particularly among young persons. This information was very important in developing the Correspondence to: F J Chaloupka, Department industry’s pricing strategies, including the development of lower price branded generics and the pass of Economics (m/c 144), through of cigarette excise tax increases, and in developing a variety of price related marketing efforts, University of Illinois at including multi-pack discounts, couponing, and others. Chicago, 601 South Conclusions: Pricing and price related promotions are among the most important marketing tools Morgan Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7121, USA; employed by tobacco companies. -
How Smoking Affects the Way You Look
How smoking affects the way you look September 2018 (Review date: September 2021) SMOKING AND THE SKIN SMOKING AND WOUND One of the most obvious effects of smoking HEALING is on the appearance of the skin. Skin that Smoking impairs wound healing, delaying recovery is damaged by tobacco smoke typically has and increasing the risk of complications.8 9 The 1 a greyish, wasted appearance , and can be problems that smoking can cause are so serious that affected in several ways. The more a person some plastic surgeons have even declined to perform smokes, the greater the risk of premature cosmetic surgeries on patients who refused to quit wrinkling. One explanation for this is that smoking.10 The Royal College of Anaesthetists advises smoking increases the production of an that quitting smoking any time prior to surgery is enzyme that breaks down collagen in the beneficial.11 skin, causing it to sag.2 Collagen is the main structural protein of the skin and is essential for the skin’s elasticity. SMOKING AND PSORIASIS Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition Smokers in their 40s often have as many which, while not life-threatening, can be extremely facial wrinkles as non-smokers in their 60s.3 uncomfortable and disfiguring. Smokers have a two-to- Skin damage caused by smoking may not be threefold higher risk of developing psoriasis than non- immediately visible to the naked eye, but is smokers, with women being at the greatest risk.12 13 still happening, and can start to be detected in one’s 20s or 30s. -
Official Report Will Confirm Tomorrow— Support
MEETING OF THE PARLIAMENT Thursday 30 June 2005 Session 2 £5.00 Parliamentary copyright. Scottish Parliamentary Corporate Body 2005. Applications for reproduction should be made in writing to the Licensing Division, Her Majesty‘s Stationery Office, St Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ Fax 01603 723000, which is administering the copyright on behalf of the Scottish Parliamentary Corporate Body. Produced and published in Scotland on behalf of the Scottish Parliamentary Corporate Body by Astron. CONTENTS Thursday 30 June 2005 Debates Col. BUSINESS MOTION ........................................................................................................................................ 18571 Motion moved—[George Lyon]—and agreed to. George Lyon (Argyll and Bute) (LD) ........................................................................................................ 18571 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (CROSS-CUTTING EXPENDITURE REVIEW) ............................................................. 18572 Motion moved—[Des McNulty]. Des McNulty (Clydebank and Milngavie) (Lab) ....................................................................................... 18572 Jim Mather (Highlands and Islands) (SNP) ............................................................................................. 18576 Mr Ted Brocklebank (Mid Scotland and Fife) (Con) ................................................................................ 18578 Mr Andrew Arbuckle (Mid Scotland and Fife) (LD) ................................................................................. -
Oral Health and Smoking Information for You
Oral health and smoking Information for you Follow us on Twitter @NHSaaa FindVisit our us website: on Facebook www.nhsaaa.net/better-health at www.facebook.com/nhsaaa FollowVisit our us on website: Social Media www.nhsaaa.net @AyrshireandArranOHI @NHSOHI All our publications are available in other formats Steps for good oral health: • Keep sugary snacks and drinks to mealtimes • Brush teeth twice a day using 1450ppm fluoride toothpaste • Visit the dentist regularly 2 How can smoking affect my oral health? Most people are now aware that smoking is bad for their health. It can cause many different medical problems and in some cases fatal diseases. However, many people don’t realise the damage that smoking does to their mouth, gums and teeth. Smoking can lead to tooth staining, gum disease, tooth loss, bad breath (halitosis), reduced sense of taste and smell, reduced blood supply to the mouth and in more severe cases mouth cancer. Can smoking lead to gum disease? Patients who smoke are more likely to produce bacterial plaque, which leads to gum disease. The gums are affected because smoking causes a lack of oxygen in the bloodstream, so the infected gums fail to heal. Smoking can lead to an increase in dental plaque and cause gum disease to progress more quickly than in non-smokers. 3 Smoking can mask problems with your gums, and often when you stop smoking your gums will begin to bleed. For more information see the ‘Gum disease, sensitivity and erosion’ leaflet. Gum disease still remains the most common cause of tooth loss in adults. -
How Much Does Smoking Cost? It Is Important for You to Realize How Much Money You Spend on Tobacco
SECTION 5: Group 1 – Handouts 2012 Chapter 6 How Much Does Smoking Cost? It is important for you to realize how much money you spend on tobacco. Smoking cigarettes is very expensive. It costs $7.00 or more to buy a pack of cigarettes today. The tobacco companies only spend only pennies (about 6 cents) to make a pack of cigarettes. That means that the tobacco companies make several dollars profit on each pack of cigarettes that you buy and the government gets a few dollars! The more you smoke…the more money the tobacco industry makes. Did you know that the Tobacco Companies make more than $32 billion dollars each year Important point to remember: 1 Pack of Cigarettes Costs Approx $7.00 Minus 6 Cents it Costs to Make -.06 BALANCE $6.94 This balance includes the profits made by the tobacco companies and taxes paid to the government. Learning about Healthy Living – Revised 2012 Page | 58 SECTION 5: Group 1 – Handouts 2012 Chapter 6 How much does smoking cost? Look at the chart below and estimate how much smoking cigarettes costs you every day, week, month and year. Sometimes we don’t realize how much we are spending on things until we stop to total the cost. The following chart is based on a pack of cigarettes costing about $7.00: Column 1 2 3 4 5 6 Approximate Number Average Average Average Average Average Cost of Cigarettes that I Cost Per Cost Per Cost Per Cost Per in 10 Years Smoke Each Day Day Week Month Year ½ pack (10 cigs) $3.50 $24.50 $98.00 $1,176.00 $11,760.00 1 pack (20 cigs) $7.00 $49.00 $196.00 $2,352.00 $23,520.00 1 -
World Bank Document
HNP DISCUSSION PAPER Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Economics of Tobacco Control Paper No. 21 Research on Tobacco in China: About this series... An annotated bibliography of research on tobacco This series is produced by the Health, Nutrition, and Population Family (HNP) of the World Bank’s Human Development Network. The papers in this series aim to provide a vehicle for use, health effects, policies, farming and industry publishing preliminary and unpolished results on HNP topics to encourage discussion and Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized debate. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. Citation and the use of material presented in this series should take into account this provisional character. For free copies of papers in this series please contact the individual authors whose name appears on the paper. Joy de Beyer, Nina Kollars, Nancy Edwards, and Harold Cheung Enquiries about the series and submissions should be made directly to the Managing Editor Joy de Beyer ([email protected]) or HNP Advisory Service ([email protected], tel 202 473-2256, fax 202 522-3234). For more information, see also www.worldbank.org/hnppublications. The Economics of Tobacco Control sub-series is produced jointly with the Tobacco Free Initiative of the World Health Organization. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized manner to the World Health Organization or to the World Bank, their affiliated organizations or members of their Executive Boards or the countries they represent. -
Cigarette Smoking in Iran and Other Asian Countries: Results of Isfahan Cohort Study (Ics)
WCRJ 2018; 5 (4): e1168 A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE AND RELATED FACTORS OF CIGARETTE SMOKING IN IRAN AND OTHER ASIAN COUNTRIES: RESULTS OF ISFAHAN COHORT STUDY (ICS) M. MOHAMMADIAN1, N. SARRAFZADEGAN2, H. REZA ROOHAFZA3, M. SADEGHI4, A. HASANZADEH5, M. REJALI6 1MSC in Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 3Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 4Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 5Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 6Epidemiologists, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Abstract – Introduction: Cigarette smoking is one of the most well-known risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, cancers and pulmonary diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cigarette smoking and its related factors in central parts of Iran and compare the results with other Asian countries. Materials and Methods: The prevalence and related factors of cigarette smoking in central parts of Iran were determined using a population-based cohort study in Iran. Also, the prevalence -
Advisory Note Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: Health Effects, Research Needs and Recommended Actions for Regulators
ADVISORY NOTE Waterpipe tobacco smoking: health effects, research needs and recommended actions for regulators Waterpipe tobacco smoking tobacco Waterpipe 2nd edition WHO Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation (TobReg) ADVISORY NOTE ADVISORY WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Advisory note: waterpipe tobacco smoking: health effects, research needs and recommended actions by regulators – 2nd ed. 1.Smoking – adverse effects. 2.Tobacco – toxicity. 3.Tobacco – legislation. I.World Health Organization. II.WHO Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation. ISBN 978 92 4 150846 9 (NLM classification: VQ 137) © World Health Organization 2015 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO website (www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications—whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution—should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO website (www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. -
Chapter 11 Smoking and Oral Tobacco
Chapter 11 Smoking and oral tobacco use Majid Ezzati and Alan D. Lopez Summary Smoking has been causally associated with increased mortality from several diseases. This chapter provides global and regional estimates of premature mortality and disease burden in 2000 caused by tobacco use, including an analysis of uncertainty. It also describes a method for esti- mating the future burden of disease that could be avoided through smoking cessation or prevention. Comparable data, especially age-specific data, on the prevalence of smoking are often unavailable or inaccurate. More importantly, current prevalence of smoking is a poor proxy for cumulative hazards of smoking, which depend on factors such as age at which smoking began, duration of smoking, the number of cigarettes smoked per day, cigarette characteristics such as tar and nicotine content or filter type, and smoking behaviour such as degree of inhalation. We used the smoking impact ratio (SIR) as a marker for accumulated smoking risk. SIR uses lung cancer mortality in excess of never-smokers as a biological marker for accumulated hazards of smoking. Lung cancer mortality data were from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) mortality database. Never- smoker lung cancer mortality rates were estimated based on the house- hold use of coal in unvented stoves for each subregion.1 Age–sex-specific SIR was divided into three categories: zero, medium (0 < SIR £ 0.5), and high (0.5 < SIR £ 1.0). Estimates of mortality and disease burden due to smoking were made for lung cancer, upper aerodigestive cancer, all other cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), other respiratory diseases, car- diovascular diseases and selected other medical causes.