MENNONITE LIFE March 1973 This Issue MENNON TE begins with material relating to the approaching centennial of the coming of the Mennonites to the prairie stages and LIFE M arch 1973, Vol. 28, No. 1 provinces. W ith major observances scheduled for 1974, the A Quarterly Magazine centennial is of significance for all Mennonites of North Focusing on the Anabaptist-Mennonite Heritage America, not only the descendants of these particular immi­ grants. & Its Contemporary Expression If The Centennial Chronology by Cornelius Krahn vividly brings to life again the main events that led to the great Contents Mennonite exodus from Russia in the 1870s. This day-to- day account naturally focuses on leading figures of the mi­ A Centennial Chronology—Part One gration, some of whom are pictured in rare photographs by Cornelius K ra h n ______3 from the Mennonite Library and Archives at Bethel College. Nigh't of the South Wind Part Two of the Chronology, to be published in the June by Elmer F. Sutler man ______9 issue, will continue the recording of happenings through 1874 and the years immediately following. Speaking O u t : On Being A Sponge by John Esau ______10 If Mennonites have long struggled with the meaning of nonconformity. In an article adapted from a recent sermon, After the Melting Pot—An Ethnic Renaissance_____ 11 John Esau looks at the subject with a somewhat new per­ My Pilgrimage to Anabaptism spective. He contends that “Mennonites have been rather by Gan Sakakibara______12 excellent sponges. W e have absorbed just about every new movement which came along, and somehow baptized it as A Mennonite Oral History of World War I the true Mennonite faith.” But our most significant contri­ by Keith Sprunger------15 butions, he maintains, grow out of our own “unique and valuable identity.” Radical Reformation Research by Cornelius Krahn, Nelson Springer, If In “My Pilgrimage to Anabaptism,” Gan Sakakibara, Melvin Gingerich, Walter Klaassen and others__ 17 Japanese scholar, gives a personal account of how he came into contact with Mennonites and related communal groups Radical Reformation Bibliography —a story that in many ways parallels the experience of the by Cornelius Krahn and Nelson Springer__ 1_____ 21 late Robert Friedmann. The article was sent by Elaine Rich, Books I n Review who with her husband Ronald is teaching at the Internation­ by William Keeney, Keith Sprunger, al Christian University in Japan. Esko Locwen, Leonard Gross, Carl Bangs, If The section, Radical Reformation Research, and the ac­ Elmer F. Su der man______28 companying Bibliography are both presented in expanded form, since they were omitted last year. These valuable list­ ings were compiled mainly by Cornelius Krahn and Nelson Springer, curator of the Mennonite Historical Library at Editor, Robert M. Schräg Goshen College. Associate E ditor, Richard Blosser Consulting Editor, Cornelius Krahn If Front Cover: The Cornelius Jansen family is shown in a formal pose at their home in Berdyansk, South Russia, D epartment E ditors: about 1870. Jansen, a Prussian businessman in Berdyansk, a Faith and Life: W alter Klaassen, Chairman; Henry Poet- port city on the Black Sea, alerted the Mennonites of Russia tcker (Bible), Leland Harder (Church), Russell Mast to the impending introduction of universal military service (Worship), Heinold Fast (Theology), John Howard Yo­ and took the leading role in preparing for the migration to der (Theology), Orlando Waltner (Missions), Esko Loe- wen (Service). North America. Pictured from left are (front) Anna, John, Helena; (back) Peter, Tante Anna, Cornelius Jr., Mrs. Social and Economic Life: J. Winfield Fretz, Chairman; Jansen, Father Jansen, and Margarete. J. Howard Kauffman (Family), Calvin Redekop (Com­ munity), Eldon Gräber (Education), Howard Raid (Agri­ If Back Cover: First page of a letter by Bernard Warken- culture), John Sawatzky (Industry), Paul Peachey (Sociol- tin to his friend David Goerz gives impressions of the un­ °gy), Jacob Loewen (Anthropology). settled central prairies of the U.S. a century ago. Dated Fine Arts: Paul Friesen, Co-chairman; Elaine Rich, Co- August 18, 1872, it was written on stationery of the Brook- chairman; Mary Eleanor Bender (Literature), Warren ville House, Brookville, Kan. Kliewer (Drama), W alter Jost (Music), Robert Regier If Photo Credit: Page 4 (left and right), Mennonite (A rt). Quarterly Review. All other illustrations are from Men­ History and Folklife: Melvin Gingerich, Co-chairman; nonite Library and Archives, North Newton, Kan. John F. Schmidt, Co-chairman; Irvin B. Horst (History), Delbert Gratz (Genealogy), Gerhard Wiens (Folklore), M ENN O N ITE LIFE Is an illustrated quarterly magazine published Mary Emma Showalter Eby (Foods). In March. June>, September and December by Herald Publishing Co., 129 W. 6th St. , N ew ton, K ansas 67114. coiuS r^Pcrat? RATES: ° ne year- 53-50= two years- 56-50. Single Second class postage paid at Newton, Kansas. Send change of address form 3579 to Box 568, Newton, Kansas 67114.

2 M ennonite L ife Cornelius Jansen (1822-1894) was the "Moses” who in the 1870s led his people from Prussia and Russia to the "promised land” in America. Banished from Russia due to his zealous promotion of emigration, he later made his permanent home at Beatrice, Neb. Bernhard JVarkentin (1847-1908) is shown here in a photo taken at a St. Louis studio, probably soon after his arrival in the U.S. in 1872. Making his headquarters at the home of Christian Krehbiel, Summerfield, III., he traveled ex­ tensively, investigating settlement possibilities in Manitoba, Minne­ sota, Dakota Territory, Kansas and Texas.

An account of events relating to the Mennonite migration from Russia a century ago A Centennial Chronology Part One

By CORNELIUS KRAHN Copyright

hy did M ennonites from various parts of Russia, Kansas in smaller numbers as early as 1872. All of this Poland and West Prussia come to the prairie states created an awareness among North American Mennonites of W and provinces a century ago? And how was the the settlement possibilities in the prairie states and provinces large undertaking accomplished? This centennial chronology east of the Rocky Mountains, between Kansas and Mani­ is an effort to present a day-to-day account of the basic toba. Inquiries from abroad reaching the Mennonite leaders events and activities related to the migration. In the list of of the United States paved the way for the migration. happenings are revealed the main reasons for the movement The Mennonites who had been severely persecuted dur­ as well as the ways in which it was carried out. ing the 16th century developed unique characteristics of suspicion and an aloofness from the world around them, The chronology makes it apparent that the centennial is wherever they lived. They had a common faith and a com­ at hand. Already in 1873 some of the pioneers and delegates mon tendency to be “separated” from the world. Migrating came to North America. Furthermore, the migration was as Swiss- or Dutch-speaking minorities into other countries, prepared far in advance by some who became aware of they retained and developed certain characteristics wherever changing conditions, especially the introduction of universal they lived. Originally persecuted because of their religious conscription laws in various countries. In fact, some South deviations, they were tolerated and at times even sought as German Mennonites such as Christian Krehbiel and his fam­ hard-working and reliable tillers of the soil. ily had come to the United States long before this time. In the middle of the 18th century, scarcity of land, of­ European Mennonites were in contact with some of the lead­ ficial measures of oppression, and other reasons made them ers in North America, among them, in addition to Krehbiel, look for new frontiers. They started moving from South John H. Oberholtzer and John F. Funk. Germany to the East. Among them were the Hutterites and Also, Pennsylvania German Mennonites had come to the Mennonites that later became known as the Swiss-Vol- hynian and the Swiss-Galician because of the locations into Cornelius Krahn, founding editor of Mennonite Life and which'they moved and lived for a century. At the end of the now consulting editor, is professor emeritus of church history 18th century, Mennonites from the Danzig area or West at Bethel College. Prussia, where they had resided alternately under German

M arch 1973 3 Leaders in North America helped pave the way

Jacob Y. Shantx (1822-1909) of Christian Krehbiel (1832-1909), a John F. Funk (1835-1930), pub­ Ontario was the principal promot­ native of Weierhof, Germany, lisher and editor of Elkhart, Ind., er of the Mennonite settlements in came to the U.S. with his father s initially helped the Russian Men- Manitoba. H e wrote a widely-cir- family in 1851. As elder of the nonites by acquainting them with culated pamphlet. The Narrative Summerfield (III.) Mennonite conditions in the U.S. Through his of a Journey to Manitoba, listing church, he had a central role in paper. Herald of Truth, he in­ inducements for settlement there. assisting settlers in the prairie formed American Mennonitcs of states. the plight of their European brethren. and Polish jurisdiction, followed the call of Catherine II of It is most likely that 1974 will become the great cen­ Russia, who settled large numbers of German prospective tennial year because it was in 1874 that the largest number farmers in the newly-acquired areas of the Ukraine and also of the 18,000 Mennonites came to Manitoba and the prairie on the shores of the Volga River. Here they turned the states. The migration continued on a reduced scale until steppes inlto a paradise with wheatfields and groves of trees 1882. Some latecomers arrived in smaller groups up to the whiah they planted, and by building orderly and beautiful turn of the century. villages in what 'had been a land of nomads. They were The following chronology runs through the year 1873. granted privileges and freedoms beyond those of the native It will be continued in the next issue. population, which included autonomy in the administration of education and self-government. Above all, they were ex­ empted from “all military services for all times.” This was KEY TO SOURCES easy to promise in a time when there was no military con­ HZ—J. J. Hildebrandt, Chronologische Zeittafel, Winni­ scription. peg, Man., 1945 When some of these privileges were reduced or threat­ ML—Mennonite Life, published by Bethel College, 1946- ened, about 1870, the great migration set in. About one-third 1971. of the over 50,000 Mennonites residing in Russia and parts RG—Gustav E. Reimer and G. R. Gaeddert, Exiled by of Poland chose to seek a new country. Those who remained the Czar, Mennonite Publication Office, Newton, expected some adjustments in their educational set-up and an Kan., 1956. alternative service instead of military service. SD—Leonard Sudermann, Eine Deputationsreise von Russ­ Of the more than 18,000 Mennonites who left Russia, land nach Amerika . . . Elkhart, Ind., 1897. Poland, and West Prussia, some 8,000 chose Manitoba and MQR—Mennonite Quarterly Review, July, 1950, pub­ the others went to the United States, settling in Kansas, Ne­ lished by Goshen College, Goshen, Ind. braska, Dakota, and Minnesota. This included all Hutter- NK—Newton Kansan, published in Newton, Kan. ites and most of the Swiss Mennonites. The choice of the WL—Bernhard Warkentin’s Letters to David Goerz in country depended somewhat on the guarantees and privileges Mennonite Library and Archives, Bethel College, offered to them. Those who wanted to duplicate their previ­ North Newton, Kan. ous independent administration and educational privileges ME—Mennonite Encyclopedia, published 1955-59, four vol­ chose Manitoba since the promises were more generous in umes. Canada. Those interested in the same climatic conditions SC—C. Henry Smith, The Coming of the Russian Mennon­ came to the prairie states. ites, Mennonite Book Concern, 1937.

4 M ennonite L ife Mennonites Move their assignment as delegates because from military conscription. (RG, p. of accusations. (H Z ) 44) To Russia (1750-1850) March 23, 1804: December 24, 1870: January 14, 1750: Mennonites from West Prussia Christian Krehbiel of Sommerfield, An edict issued in Warsaw com­ spent the winter in the Chortitza and 111., responded to the letter of Cor­ pelled the Mennonites of Danzig to planned to proceed to the Molotschna nelius Jansen who in turn requested pay a sum of 5,000 guilders annually settlement, which grew very rapidly. more information. (RG, p. 46) (H Z, p. 161) as an extra tax for protection. Meas­ 1870: ures like these had been and contin­ Winter 1869-70: The Halbstadt Secondary School ued to be common in W est Prussia M. W . Klein and a group of Men­ (Zentralschule) introduced the Rus­ .and Danzig where Mennonites from nonites from Johnstown, Pa. bought sian language as a subject of instruc­ The Netherlands had settled in the 5,000 acres of land in Marion Coun­ tion. Until that time, only German 16th century. This led to the migra­ ty, Kan. This was the beginning of had been taught. (H Z ) tion of many to Russia. the coming of the Mennonites to January 8, 1871: Kansas. (M E III, p. 485) December 4, 1762: A second conference convened at Catharine II issued an invitation Mennonite Unrest the Alexanderwohl Church of the which led to a large scale migration In Russia (1870-72) Molotschna settlement in regard to of South German Lutherans and the same question (see Dec. 18). Catholics to the Odessa and Volga February 15, 1870: (RG, p. 44) areas in Russia. The Mennonites fol­ Cornelius Jansen of Berdyansk January 22, 1871: lowed later. (H Z ) wrote his first letter to Daniel Hege, Conference convening at Alexan­ 1784-86: Secretary of the General Conference derwohl, Molotschna, chose four Swiss Mennonites moved to Galicia Mennonite Church, USA, to inquire delegates of the Molotschna and two and some proceeded to Volhynia about settlement possibilities for of the Chortitza settlements to pre­ (Schräg, Zerger etc). In 1874 they Mennonites of Russia. (RG, p. 45) sent the Mennonite case of nonresist­ came to North America. April 8, 1870: ance to the government in St. Peters­ John F. Funk, Elkhart, Ind., re­ burg. (RG, p. 48) May 2, 1786: sponded to an inquiry by Cornelius George von T rappe reached an Jansen about settlement conditions in Delegates Try to See agreement with Potemkin to invite North America. (RG, p. 46) The Czar (1872) Mennonites of West Prussia for set­ tlement in Russia. (H Z ) December 18, 1870: February 20, 1871: The first conference of the Mo­ The first delegation of Mennon­ October 31, 1786: lotschna Mennonites convened, ites, consisting of five representatives prompted by reports that the Russian of the Chortitza and Molotchna set­ Jacob Hoeppner and Johann tlements, led by Leonhard Suder- Bartsch left Danzig to inspect settle­ government was considering revoking the law that exempted Mennonites mann, arrived at St. Petersburg to ment possibilities in the Ukraine of see the Czar in regard to exemption Russia, which led to a large scale from military service. (RG, p. 48) migration. (HZ) March 20, 1871: February 23, 1788: Cornelius Jansen wrote to Leon­ Four Mennonite families left Dan­ hard Sudermann in W est Prussia zig for Russia. The first small group (where he had gone from St. Peters­ left before Hoeppner and Bartsch re­ burg), proposing that a delegation be turned from their inspection tour of sent to America to inspect migration Russia. (H Z, p. 149) possibilities. Jansen was in contact 1789: with the Elders Gerhard Penner and The Chortitza Mennonite settle­ Wilhelm Ewert, who later led ment was started on the shores of the groups to America. (RG, p. 48) Dnieper River. After all land had April 23, 1871: been occupied, daughter settlements The St. Petersburg delegates re­ were begun in near by areas. Among ported to the Mennonite conference them were Bergthal (1836) and in Molotschna about the impressions Fuerstenland (1864). Most of the and results of their trip. Additional Manitoba Mennonites came from conferences convened on August 13 these three settlements in 1874 and and September 15. 1875. (H Z, p. 151) July 20, 1871: 1791: Cornelius Jansen wrote to the Swiss Montbeliard Mennonites USA Consul (Dr. Smith) of Odessa moved to Volhynia, Russia, from Catharine the Great, empress of Rus­ that he intended to make a trip to where they went to Kansas and South sia 1762-96, invited the Mennonites North America. (This trip did not Dakota in 1874. as competent colonists into her recent­ materialize.) (RG, p. 49) May 29, 1793: ly acquired lands in the Ukraine. In September 9, 1871: Jacob Hoeppner and Johann 1786, she ceremoniously received two John H. Oberholtzer, Milford Bartsch of Ghortitza discontinued Prussian Mennonite delegates. Square, Pa., wrote a letter to Elder

M arch 1973 5 J. Wiebe, near Danzig, about the tion started collecting signatures of vinced that Mennonites would have status of nonresistance in America in those sending a delegation to Ameri­ to accept an alternative service such 'times of war. (RG, p. 47) ca. (RG, p. 64) as hospital work. (RG, p. 63) November 12, 1871: May 11, 1872: July 25, 1872: The delegates reported they had Consul Zohrab reported that Bern- William Hespeler arrived in Ber­ been unable to see the Czar and the hard Warkentin, Philipp Wiebe, Pe­ dyansk to induce 'the Mennonites to Czarina during their second trip to ter Dueck, and Jacob Boehr went “to come to Manitoba. (RG, p. 59) St. Petersburg. However, they sub­ America to collect information.” mitted their petition to them. (RG) (RG, p. 56) Summer 1872: Bernhard Warkentin, Philipp Wie­ May 26, 1872: January 3, 1872: be, Peter Dueck, and Jacob Boehr Cornelius Jansen wrote a letter to Cornelius Jansen and family left arrived at the home of Christian his friend J. S. Zohrab, the British Berdyansk for a trip to North Amer­ Krehbiel, Summerfield, 111. Consul at Berdyansk, asking whether ica. (RG, p. 76) July 29, 1872: the Mennonites would be exempted June 1872: from military service in Canada. Bernhard Warkentin wrote to his (RG, p. 53) Reuben Heatwole from Virginia friend David Goerz while in the arrived in Marion Center, Kan. He home of Christian Krehbiel, Sommer- January 11, 1872: field, 111., that his hosit claimed that At another conference in Alexan­ “only America is the land for the derwohl, Cornelius Jansen proposed Mennonites . . .” He observed that that a delegation be sent to North “the conditions for agriculture and America to investigate settlement pos­ the raising of cattle are similar” to sibilities. The plan was supported by those in Russia. (W L) Dietrich Gaeddert. (RG, p. 53) August 1, 1872: January 22, 1872: A decisive meeting took place in Cornelius Jansen wrote an inquiry the home of Leonard Sudermann to the USA Consul at Odessa about (Berdyansk). Those attending were settlement possibilities in the United Dietrich Gaeddert, (Alexanderwohl), States. The response from the U.S. Jacob Wiebe (Crimea), Heinrich embassy of St. Petersburg was that Richert (Gnadenheim), and Isaac “compulsory military service does not Peters (Marienthal). exist in the USA.” (RG, p. 54) August 1872: January 25, 1872: Cornelius Jansen had five more At a conference in Alexanderwohl pamphlets printed in Danzig contain­ delegates were elected for a presenta­ ing information about settlement pos­ tion of their case in St. Petersburg. sibilities in North America. (H Z ) The delegates later reported that an alternative service instead of military August 18, 1872: service would be expected of 'the Bernhard Warkentin wrote from Mennonites. (RG, p. 53) the Brookville Hotel (which is still in existence) in Saline County, Kan., March 4, 1872: Leonhard Sudermann (1821-1900) was a delegate to St. Petersburg and about his land inspection tour from Russki M ir wrote that it was a St. Louis via Chicago and Milwau­ to the American frontier in 1873. “great pity that tens of thousands of kee, all the way to New Ulm, Minn. Mennonites can not reconcile them­ Later he was elder of the Emtnaus He spent five days with the land selves to the new order of things that Church, Whitewater, Kan. agent, traveling over the prairie by exists throughout the whole of Eu­ horse and buggy through northern rope.” (This is a reference to the in­ Iowa to Sioux City and Omaha, con­ troduction of universal military con­ tinuing on the Union Pacific Rail­ scription.) (RG) was soon joined by other Pennsyl­ vania German Mennonites. (M L road to Cheyenne, Wyo., with nu­ April 1872: July, 1949, p. 7) merous side trips by horse and buggy Cornelius Jansen published Samm­ into the open prairie. He reported June 5, 1872: lung von Notizen ueber Amerika seeing 6,000 head of cattle on the (Notes About America) which he Bernhard Warken'tin arrived in Platte River, as well as Indians and distributed among the Mennonites in New York with Philipp Wiebe, P. buffalo. In Colorado he stopped in Russia, Poland and W est Prussia. Dueck and Jacob Boehr. All were Denver and Central City. On the (HZ) young Mennonite men (the first way back on the Central Pacific three from Russia) on an adventure Railroad he stopped at the Brookville April 3, 1872: tour which had some unusual results Hotel where he wrote a long two- Mennonites were informed that for thousands of Mennonites in Rus­ page letter to his friend David Goerz the Russian Government would per­ sia, Poland and West Prussia. (W L) in Berdyansk, who shared the infor­ mit Mennonites to leave 'the country. June 24, 1872: mation with the prospective Mennon­ (RG) ite settlers of the prairie States and A delegation was sent to St. Pe­ provinces. May 10, 1872: tersburg. Upon their return, the dele­ Dietrich Gaeddert visited Cornelius gates reported on August 7 that they September 17, 1872: Jansen in Berdyansk. After his re­ had again been unable to meet the Bernhard Warkentin reported that turn, the Alexanderwohl congrega­ Czar and that they were now con­ his three travel companions were re-

6 M ennonite L ife turning to Europe, bu't that he had March 27, 1878: Heubuden, West Prussia and were decided to stay longer. (W L) A uniformed Russian officer in­ joined by Wilhelm Ewert for the in­ spection tour of North America. September 22-25, 1872: formed Cornelius Jansen that he had to leave Russia within seven days. He (HZ) It was decided to send a delegation was accused of spreading false rumors to America. Early May, 1873: about the status of the Mennonites in Heinrich Wiebe, Jacob Peters, and September 29, 1872: Russia. Cornelius Buhr of Bergthal arrived Bernhard Warken!tin traveled in March 28, 1873: on the Silesia in Halifax, Nova Sco­ the company of John F. Funk and Bernhard Warkentin wrote to tia, while the delegates of the Kleine 'the land agent, M r. Hazart, through David Goerz about his plans to join Gemeinde (Cornelius Toews and Da­ Minnesota and Dakota up to the Red the Mennonite delegates from Russia vid Klaassen) and the Hutterites River and the James River. Of great­ when they would arrive to inspect (Paul and Lorenz Tschetter) landed est interest for 'him, however, was a the land. Some encouraged him to do in New York. (RG, p. 83) visit to the agricultural fair in Min­ this, while others thought he was too neapolis. Vividly and in great detail May 14, 1873: young. Warkentin was attending the The delegates left Hamburg on the he described the varieties of wheat college at Lebanon, Summerfield, III. (including the Russian Kubanka), Frisia. (SD) (MQR) vegetables, fruits, etc. He was over­ May 22, 1873: whelmed by the size and weight of the products. No doubt this had some The Mennonite delegates arrived effect on his deciding not to return to in New York, where they met the Russia, but to spend his lifetime on Rudolph Riesen family. (SD) the prairie to raise wheat and develop May 26, 1873: a milling industry in Kansas. (W L) The Cornelius Jansen family left Berdyansk. On their way to North Januiary 8, 1878: America they visited friends in Dan­ Bernhard Warkentin reported in a zig and England. (HZ) letter to David Goerz that he had re­ ceived his letter in “the flour mill Late May, 1873: which he was studying.” This indi­ Leonhard Sudermann and Jacob cates an early interest in the work to Buller (of the Molotschna settle­ which he later devoted his life—im­ ment), Andreas Schräg (of the porting and experimenting with hard Swiss-Volhynian group), Tobias Un­ winter wheat and the establishment ruh (of the Polish group), and W il­ of a milling industry. (M Q R ) helm Ewert (of the Prussian group) arrived in New York on the Frisia.

January 10 and 24, 1873: May 80, 1878: A meeting was held in Alexander­ Leonhard Sudermann, Jacob Bul­ wohl and Pordenau. Heinrich and ler and Tobias Unruh, accompanied Gerhard Wiebe and Jacob Peters, by Hespeler, traveled to Berlin (now of the Bergthal settlement, attended Kitchener), Ont., where they met the meeting. (RG, p. 65) David Goerz (1849-1914) was a Jacob Y. Shantz. Wilhelm Ewert January 26, 1878: and Andreas Schräg proceeded to close friend of Bernhard Warkentin, Elkhart, Ind. with John F. Funk. The St. Paul Daily Press carried a who traveled to America in 1872, and (SD) detailed account about the Mennonite on the basis of letters from Warken­ efforts to migrate to North America. tin spread information about America June 6, 1878: (HZ) among Mennonites of the Ukraine. Ten of the delegates met in Du­ February 1878: luth, Minn., and continued their in­ spection tour accompanied by Jacob The fourth delegation of Mennon- Y. Shantz and Michael L. Hiller. In ites, consisting of Gerhard Dueck, April 10, 1873: Fargo (Dakota Territory) they met Bernhard Peters, Peter Goerz, Hein­ Warkentin reported to Goerz that John F. Funk and the other dele­ rich Epp and Heinrich Heese, went gates. Now the group consisted of to St. Petersburg in regard to the he had received a letter from John F. Funk, stating that the three Bergthal Leonhard Sudermann, Andreas status of their exemption from mili­ delegates were on their way to Mani­ Schräg, Jacob Peters, Heinrich Wie­ tary service. (H Z ) toba, where Hespeler would take be, Cornelius Buhr, Cornelius Toews, March 8, 1873: them on a land inspection tour. David Klaassen, Paul Tschetter, Lo­ Bernhard Warkentin wrote to Da­ (MQR) renz Tschetter. They were accompa­ vid Goerz that his Summerfield, 111. nied by Jacob Y. Shantz, John F. friends had urged him to make an Mennonite Spies Funk and N. N. Leatherman. (SD) inspection tour of Texas, which he In the Prairie (1873) June 10-11, 1873: had done. His Summerfield friends, End of April, 1873: The delegates inspected western he stated, were more inclined to go to Russian Mennonite delegates left Dakota. (SD) the southern states than Minnesota for an inspection tour of North June 17, 1873: or Manitoba. Warkentin gave Goerz America. (SD ) detailed instructions in regard to The Mennonite delegation of 12 what to bring along and what to May 3, 1873: men, accompanied by William Hes­ leave in Russia. (M Q R ) The Bergthal delegates stopped in peler, Jacob Y. Shantz, John F.

M arch 1973 7 Funk and Michael L. Hiller, arrived tion of 7,000, a university and 12 were freedoms they had enjoyed in at Ft. Garry (later Winnipeg) on churches. (SD ) Russia. (M QR, July 1950) the boat International. They were as­ July 27, 1873: sured by the Prime Minister of Can­ July 28, 1873: ada and other officials 'that they The delegates of the Bergthal and Paul and Lorenz Tschetter had an would be granted all privileges they Kleine Gemeinde groups continued interview with President Ulysses S. asked for. Riding in five big carriag­ their search for land in Manitoba and Grant. Secretary of State Hamilton es, a group of 24 made an inspection decided to settle there. Fish stated that “the President says he cannot exempt them from the laws tour of land along the shores of the July 24, 1878: Red River in Manitoba. (H Z ) of the states to which the other citi­ Leonhard Sudermann, Jacob Bul­ zens are subject.” (RG, p. 98) June 18-26, 1878: ler, Wilhelm Ewert and Andreas The delegates proceeded on five Schräg, escorted by Jacob Y. Shantz, July 28, 1873: arrived in Summerfield, 111. to con­ horse-drawn wagons 'to inspect the Paul and Lorenz Tschetter (Hut- East and W est Reserves on the banks sult with Christian Krehbiel. Numer­ ous railroad agents came to see them. terites) presented to President Grant, of the Red River. (SD) Washington, D. C., a petition con­ Jacob Buller and Wilhelm Ewert, June 26, 1873: escorted by Bernhard Warkentin, taining conditions under which they J. Rempel bought 5,000 acres of were willing to settle in the United land near Council Grove, Morrison States. (H Z ) County, Kan., for himself and his August 1, 1873: friends. This was the first purchase Leonhard Sudermann, Andreas of land by a Mennonite from Russia. Schräg and Jacob Y. Shantz met on (HZ) their way to Ontario a number of June 28, 1878: Mennonites from Russia who had Sudermann and Buller decided that found work in Detroit. (H Z ) they had seen enough, although there were still 14 townships left to be in­ August 1, 1873: spected. The Bergthal delegates, Sudermann, Schräg and Shantz Wiebe, Buhr, and Toews, continued left for the East. (SD) the inspection. (SD) August 1, 1873: On his inspection tour, Leonhard July 2, 1878: Sudermann met 27 Mennonite fami­ The other returning delegates went lies from Russia, as the firrt group in to Fargo, where they arrived on July America. These pioneers settled in 6. (SD) Marion County, Kan. (Peter and July 7-12, 1873: Jacob Funk) and in South Dakota The delegates traveled through and Mountain Lake, Minn. (H Z, p. Dakota and Minnesota by horse- 243; M L, Ap. p. 49) drawn wagons or postal coaches in­ specting land for settlement. They Auugst 8, 1873: were accompanied by the land agents, William Ewert (1829-1887) of Christian Krehbiel left Summer- Seeger and Trott. They met Swed­ Thorn, West Prussia, was joined by field, 111. with a delegation from ish, Norwegian, Finnish and German some members of his congregation in Russia (including David Goerz) to settlers. (SD) the 1874 migration and became the inspect the land in Kansas. They elder of the Bruderthal Church near visited Council Grove, Marion Cen­ July IS, 1878: ter (where they spent a Sunday with The delegates attended a Method­ Hillsboro, Kan. the Funk brothers, Bruderthal) and ist worship service in St. Paul. (SD) continued from Newton to Great July 14, 1873: made a trip to inspect Kansas. Leon­ Bend and Larned and reserved land for settlement near Halstead. The delegates continued their in­ hard Sudermann joined them. (H Z ) spection tour by train through St. July 25, 1873: August 10, 1873: Peter, Mankato, Mountain Lake and John Lowe of the Canadian De­ The Cornelius Jansen family ar­ Worthington, Minn. Some land was partment of Agriculture, wrote to the rived in Quebec. They were met the offered to them for $6 per acre. delegates of the Bergthal and Kleine following day by William Plespcler (SD) Gemeinde groups in Russia that “an and Jacob Y. Shantz. The latter July 17, 1873: exemption from military service is made a cottage available to them. (HZ) The group continued the inspection granted by Law and Order-in-Coun- tour by train from Sioux City via cil to the Christians called Mennon- August 10, 1873: Council Bluffs, Omaha, Fairmont, ites.” Eight townships were set aside Bernhard Warkentin reported that etc. They met some German settlers for “the exclusive use of Mennonites” Gerhard Penner of Heubuden, West from Odessa, Ukraine. (SD) which were made available in parcels Prussia, had wrtiten that 450 Men­ of 160 acres per family. The Men­ July 19-21, 1873: nonites from South Russia had left nonites were granted “the fullest for North America. (M Q R ) Accompanied by J. D. Butler and privilege of exercising their religious George O. Manchester, the group principles” and in “the education of August 15, 1878: continued by train to Red Cloud, their children in schools.” This was Cornelius Jansen and family ar­ Crete and Lincoln, Neb. Sudermann very attractive to the more conserva­ rived in Berlin (Kitchener), Ont. at observed that Lincoln had a popula­ tive Mennonite groups, because these the home of Jacob Y. Shantz.

8 M ennonite L ife August 16, 1873: at Wadsworth, Ohio, where they vis­ hard Warkentin, Business Manager, On his second day in Canada, Cor­ ited Carl C. Justus van der Smissen, was organized in Summerfield, III. nelius Jansen recorded in his diary instructor at the Mennonite school. The Board was to help needy Men­ that at a Mennonite meeting in W a­ They continued to Elkhart, Ind. but nonites by soliciting funds and dis­ terloo, Ont. it was decided to collect found John F. Funk absent. He and tributing the same among them. money for the poor Mennonites of Bernhard Warkentin were helping (RG, p. 108) Russia and Poland who wanted to the first Mennonite arrivals from come to North America. (RG) Russia to settle in Kansas. (H Z ) December 6, 1873: Secretary of State Hamilton Fish August 19, 1873: August 28, 1873: informed President Ulysses S. Grant Cornelius and Peter (son) Jansen Cornelius and Peter Jansen arrived that the Mennonite delegates “wish arrived in New York to meet the de­ at Newton, Kan., at a “small prairie guarantees of exemption from mili­ parting Mennonite delegates who had station of the AT&SF Railroad Com­ tary service and also jury service. completed their inspection tour of the pany.” (H Z ) They desire also to be free from the prairies of North America. (H Z ) August 29, 1873: payment of substitute money in case Cornelius and Peter Jansen joined of draft; and the right to govern August 19, 1873: their own schools.” (RG, p. 97) Jacob Buller and Wilhelm Ewert Bernhard Warkentin, Tobias and returned from their inspection tour Daniel Unruh, David Schroeder and of Kansas and met with Sudermann Johann Fast in search of land along December 10, 1873: and his group in Philadelphia, Pa. the Santa Fe Railroad and along the David Goerz published a circular, (SD) Missouri River, proceeding to Coun­ An Die Mennoniten-Gemcinden in cil Bluffs. In Chicago they met John Westpreussen, Polen and Sued-Rnss- August 20, 1873: F. Funk and Wilhelm Seeger and land, in the name of the Aid Com­ Cornelius and Peter Jansen came continued their inpsection tour mittee of the North American Men­ to New York to bid the delegates a through Minnesota, Wisconsin and nonites. (H Z ) farewell before their departure to Dakota. The Jansens did not favor December 29, 1873: Russia. (SD) settlement in Dakota. (HZ) Cornelius Jansen wrote that Jacob August 21, 1873: September 6, 1873: Y. Shantz was traveling among On­ Leonhard Sudermann met 27 Men­ The members of Alexanderwohl tario Mennonites, collecting money nonite families from Russia who had Mennonite Church decided to leave to help “poor brethren” from Russia. come to North America without for America. (H Z ) (RG, p. 103) waiting for the return of the dele­ gates. (H Z ) November 7, 1873: December 29, 1873: The Mennonite Board of Guard­ Cornelius Jansen Stated that the August 22, 1873: ians consisting of Christian Krehbiel, Mennonites of Canada had promised On their way from New York, Director; David Goerz, Secretary; $10,000 for the needy immigrants. Cornelius and Peter Jansen stopped John F. Funk, Treasurer; and Bern- (RG, p. 103) Night of the South Wind

The wind blows incessantly at night of the Chisholm trail, later highway 81, In Hillsboro, Kansas. through Enid, It started in Texas at the creation Caldwell, Wellington, Wichita, Newton, of the world. Walton. Indians shooting buffalo with bows At the thirteen-mile road the wind and arrows, turns north, cowboys driving cattle along the blows into Hillsboro, finds its ivay to the Chisholm trail, Mennonite mission section hands building the Santa Fe apartments, slaps against the clapboards, railroad, whistling through Mennonites covering buffalo grass window screens into the bedroom with Turkey Red Wheat staying my sleep. in fields stretching to the It slips into ear, mind, heart, and later Rockies, into dreams. the horse and buggy. Model T, or Buick Awake in the morning before me could not stop it. the wind Relentless time shoves the wind invites me to a cup of along the ruts Mennonite coffee.

By ELMER F. SUDERMAN Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minn. Copyright M arch 1973 9 SPEAKING I OUT On Being A Sponge ^ / By JOHN A. ESAU

sponge, either natural or artificial, has a large capacity a recognition that we are under pressure to live and do and to absorb—particularly liquid substances. W e as people say what others, presumably those who don’t share the same A• have something of the same capacity, though not al­ faith and values which we confess, 'thin'k we should do and ways to our own welfare. W e pick up from those about us say and live. “Don’t be different,” is the creed. O r in some ways of talking, particular phrases, little quirks, and even caSes it may be turned 180 degrees so that the new creed Strange sounds. I find myself doing that all the time,' uncon­ reads now: “Be different; don’t be like parents.” In either sciously mimicking those about me. case the results are the same. The message comes from the W e also tend to pick up ideas and ways of thinking and world saying: “Be like us. Live like we do. Think like we living from those about uS. Sometimes we do so thoughtfully, think. Here’s the mold, pour yourself into it.” but just as often we respond to 'the latest current influence, The examples are endless: “It’s good to be an American. without thought or intention. W e make it our own just be­ Good Americans support their government and community. cause it is around us; we absorb it like sponges absorb water, Don’t speak about issues which upset the community.” only to shortly have it rung out, ready then for the next “It’s no fun to be a square. Join the fun generation. Do current fad or influence. And there is something obviously whatever you feel like doing.” distasteful about that. One tends to suspect people who act “Evangelism is the in thing, but Mennonites haven’t like sponges to be rather superficial, or as Scripture puts it: done so well. Join the latest, newest cruSade to Americanize “running after every new wind of doctrine.” religion. You can after all be religious and just about any­ thing else you might choose alongside.” There are other metaphors, probably better than the Christians of the first century were distinctly a minority one I have used, to describe this phenomenon. Probably one group. And they no doubt felt what every minority group of the more descriptive is that by which Phillips translated feels—'the pressure to be like everyone else. But Paul, as a verse 2 of Romans 12: “Don’t left the world around you squeeze you into its own mold, but let God remold your wise and helpful teacher, gives them guidance: You don’t minds from within, so that you may prove in practice that need to be copies of the world, but what you do need is to the plan of God for you is good, meets all his demands, and have your values, your life, your minds shaped and farmed moves towards the goal of true maturity.” by God. God after all gives many gifts; what you must do T hat is the problem which I’m trying to get at, because is to accept his gift to you and use it to the full. T o do that is an intelligent act of worship. It is a sacrifice acceptable I sense it is a problem with which all of us struggle, albeit in many different forms. It is an issue faced by every youth, to God. living in the midst of many pressures to conform. It is an On the level of the church at large, Mennonites have issue of those who face the fads in society; whether that be been rather excellent sponges. W e have absorbed just about of foods, or clothes or even religion. It is an issue of those every new movement which came along, and somehow bap­ who make decisions about life-style in an affluent society. It tized it as 'the true Mennonite faith. A group did this with is an issue of those, especially ethnics and minority groups, old time Liberalism. A much larger group did this with who seem to stand out as different from the rest of culture, Fundamentalism. In my seminary days the latest fads in and who find this uncomfortable. theology were somehow made out to be Mennonite. And W e as Mennonites have especially had to struggle with most recently the ideology of the New Left was claimed as this wfthin ourselves. Somehow being different from “Amer­ the authentic inheritor of Anabaptist radicalism. icans,” as they were called, made us uncomfortable in this And it continues to happen. When someone says it's society, and we went out of our way to prove that we were time to march for peace, we make it our thing. And when just like the resit, really. someone says it’s 'time to evangelize, we obediently try to There are then two levels to my concern here: One is follow suit. And when Society rediscovers communes, we try the personal; the other is the church at large. But on both to claim them as the true Mennonite expression all along. levels it seems to me that it is essential 'that we think critic­ It almost seems that whoever it is piping to us, we dance. ally about ourselves and what we are doing, or what is hap­ Now I believe in all these things as authentic expressions pening to us almost without choice on our part. of discipleship and faith. And that includes communal groups What does Paul mean when he writes: “Don’t let the and witnessing for both peace and the gospel of Jesus Christ, world around you squeeze you into its own mold, but let who saves individuals from the bondage of self and sin. But God remold your minds from wfthin” ? There is at once here somehow I wish they would grow out of an inner compul­ sion—the remolding of the mind from within, as Paul puts it. Too often it seems we try to ape and follow after the John Esau is pastor of the Bethel College Mennonite world about us. And every new movement which swings our Church, North Newton, Kan. way somehow makes it more difficult to know who we really

10 M ennonite L ife are or what God’s purpose for us truly is. to say to all Christians, indeed to our society, which they There is today a new interest in the “ethnics” in our can say best by being true to themselves. Can you imagine society. W e have lived with the myth of an American melt­ the Amish making a contribution to our understanding of ing pot, which we are now discovering hasn’t melted quite education, life style, evangelism, and ecology? It baffles our the way some expected.. There are groups such as our own minds. But that is the suggestion. who despite the pressures of conformity have maintained a The author concludes: “The Amish are not to be joined unique and valuable identity, which in its own way is making or copied but to be appreciated and encouraged. Perhaps that a significant contribution to our common life. is the most one can learn from any minority sect.” Ten years ago we were concerned about overcoming “Don’t let the world around you squeeze you into its Mennonitism; today we are more concerned about what it own mold, but let God remold your minds from within.” means to be a Mennonite in the mids/t of many other forms Whether it is as persons or as a church at large, there is a of faith. The new mood—a much more healthy and whole­ truth in this warning which we ignore only to our own loss. some attitude—recognizes God’s gift to us. W e are part of But perhaps the positive is the more important— to allow the body, though not the whole. If we are true to ourselves God to remold our minds from within. The world is not the and to the heritage which is ours, if we don’t allow the mold by which our lives are to be formed, but rather Jesus world to squeeze us into its own mold, then we may yet our Lord and Christ. It is from him—his love, his compas­ have something important to offer in the world today, some­ sion, his forgiveness, his life committed to doing the will of thing to evangelize about. the Father. It is from him that our lives are to be given The Christian Century carried an article on the Amish, shape and form. not describing their oddities and out-of-date culture, but That is the highest and greatest gift we could offer suggesting four areas in which the Amish have something either ourselves or the world in which we live.

After the Melting Pot-An Ethnic Renaissance

There is a marked interest in ethnic identity noticeable in etc. In “Canada and the W orld” the role of Canada is fea­ movements on the screen and in publications. It almost seems tured. This chapter contains an article by Harvey L. Dyck as though this is even stronger in Canada than in the U.S.A. dealing with the Mennonites in Russia entitled “Collectivi­ There is hardly a university that does not have a program zation, Depression, Immigration, 1929-1930: Chance and with the emphasis on ethnicity. W e make references to a few Interplay.” publications only. A “Hutterite Investigation Committee” was founded in The University of Calgary is publishing Canadian Eth­ Alberta, Canada, in 1958. A report of this committee can be nic Studies since 1969. Before me is Volume II, December found in: Province of Alberta, Statutes of Alberta, Order 1970, number 2, edited by Henry C. Klassen, connected with and Council, Appendix C, December 8, 1958. Joseph W . the university. This issue consists of numerous articles deal­ Eaton wrote about this subject in “Canada’s Scapegoats,” ing with the various ethnic groups that have come to Can­ in The Nation, Volume 169 (1949), p. 253-254. ada. Among them is an article by A. J. Arnold entitled, Among those evidences of renewed interest in ethnic “How Far Do We Go with Multi-Culturalism.” Another groups in the U.S.A. we find a series of school books pub­ one is by W . Entz entitled “German-Language Newspapers lished by Lerner Publications Company under the heading of Manitoba Before W orld W ar I.” John B. Toews pre­ The In America Series. An effort is being made to present sents an article on “Russian Mennonites in Canada” and the background of the various ethnic groups and relate how H. L. Sawatzky deals with “Viability of Ethnic Group they came to the United States and what contributions they Settlement, with Reference to Mennonites in Manitoba.” have made in the developing and shaping of the country. This is only a sample of what one university is doing in this Among the 30 or so books published 'thus far, the series starts area. with the American Indian, the Chinese, the Czechs and Slo­ John Norris in Strangers Entertained presents “A His­ vaks, the Dutch, etc. The last volumes deal with Freedom tory of the Ethnic Groups of British Columbia,” published of the Press, Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Speech. by the British Columbia Centennial Committee (1971). The Included in the series are the Germans and the Russians. book seems not to have overlooked a single minority when it The latter has a chapter “Emigrants who Fled Religious Starts with the native Indians, Americans, English, Scots, Persecution” which devotes six pages to the Mennonites and Welsh, Irish, French-Canadians, Dutch, Belgians, Germans, winds up with Svetlana Alliluyeva, the daughter of Stalin, etc. In chapter 19 we find the treatment of “Mennonites” as one of the last ones to come to this country. In general, by G. G. Baerg. It is a well illustrated book of 354 pages one can say that this is indeed a genuine and hopefully suc­ which provides a source of information how ethnic and re­ cessful effort to prevent prejudices in regard to ethnic and ligious groups are and can be treated 'to convey objective in­ racial backgrounds perpetuated in the family and not always formation about them. successfully eliminated in the schools and society. When will the time come that there will be a renaissance Another book, published by the University of British or restoration of names in line of their original spelling and Columbia and University of Toronto Press, is entitled Em­ meaning? The desire to Anglicize names and, worse yet, pire and Nations and is edited by Harvey L. Dyck and misspell and pervert the meaning of the names could have H. P. Crosby (1969). The chapter “Nation Building in reached its climax by now. W hat about a little restoration! Canada” deals with Canadian politics, culture, constitution, — Cornelius Krahn M arch 1973 11 My Pilgrimage to Anabaptism

By GAN SAKAKIBARA

irst, I duly Studied the Hutterite books written in fine ing these four Ghristian communities of goods, I realized penmanship in order to find material for my paper. that they had common features. Their philosophy of life and F But very soon this activity was to be more than a mere their 'theology seemed to have something distinctly different duty. The books began to fascinate me, and they have not from 'the ordinary Protestant churches. They were "Ana­ ceased to do so till the present day." This passage is quoted baptist” in their attitudes and way of thinking. In order for from a short article by Robert Friedmann, which describes you 'to understand how deeply interested I, a 60-year-old my experience. My friendship with Robert Friedmann was man, became in these communities, you must understand indeed a providential encounter in my life.* something of my earlier life. Communal Christians My Background I became acquainted with Anabaptist communal Chris­ I was baptized in a Presbyterian church in 1918, but the tians in the following way. In 1959, my wife and I were denomination had not much importance for me. I became sent as delegates from Japan to the W orld Conference of a Presbyterian because the church I happened 'to be attending 'the World Council of Churches at Salonica, Greece. After at the time of my baptism was Presbyterian. It made little a half year’s travel in Europe we headed back to Japan via difference to me whether it was Methodist, Congregational, the United States. After an unforgettable voyage on the or Presbyterian. This indifference about denominations is Queen Elizabeth we landed in New York on January 4, generally characteristic of Japanese Christians, who have 1960. Through the kindness of John C. Bennett, of the had nothing to do in their life with the historical events of Union Theological Seminary, we stayed in the guest room of Christian denominationalism. No, for Japanese Christians in the seminary. Paul Peachey, a Mennonite peace worker general 'the existence of so many denominations was itself working in Japan at that time, had suggested that we visit a rather annoying matter. “There is one Lord, one faith, the Society of Brothers in Rifton, New York. Mrs. Bennett one baptism” (Eph. 4:5). If so, why not one church? When heartily seconded this advice, and we did so. World W ar II broke out, all Protestant churches were Then, on February 5, we visited the Koinonia Farm in obliged to unite, not out of conviction, but because of gov­ Americus, Georgia. There Clarence Jordan gave us a letter ernmental coercion. Despite the coercion, many Japanese of introduction to the Hutterite elder of the Tschetter Col­ Christians thought it was an excellent idea. The war ended ony in South Dakota. Mr. and Mrs. John Lehman, mem­ in 1945. I was 47 years old. bers of the Reba Place Fellowship staying there ^temporarily, When I started my academic career as a young Christian invited us to visit their community. After visiting and study- student, I wanted very much to live in commitment to Christ. M y major was the history of economic thought, and * About Robert Friedmann’s pilgrimage to Anabaptism see I concentrated my study always on the borderline between Mennonite Life, July, 1962, 136-139, entitled "M y W ay to economic activities and religious life. I studied Max Weber the Mennonites.” {Religionssoziologie). I read Ernst Troeltsch (Soziallehren

12 M ennonite L ife der Christlichen Kirchen). As a result of these studies I me a position, and I became a professor for the second time wrote a few articles and books. But I could not be satisfied in my life. During this professorship I also wanted to prove with academic study only, spending all my time in an ivory my faith through action in social life, and I organized "The tower. Commitment to Christ drove me to the practice of Socialist Christians’ Frontier Fellowship” and worked as its faith not only in my everyday life, but also in the area of chairman in the field of peace and anti-establishment action. social and political problems. The birth of Student Christian Through this movement I became acquainted with Mennon- Movement (SCM ) in Japan in the early 1930’s grew out of ite missionaries, among them Paul Peachey. He was really that conviction. I wrote a pamphlet entitled The Rejection one of those who had a deep insight into my soul and gave of Only-inner Christianity. me the two addresses of Christian communities mentioned earlier in this article. I Study in Germany I look upon my meeting with Peachey and the visits to The Japanese government, becoming more and more op­ those communities as a turning-point in my life with an pressive, put an end to the SCM, saying it was being influ­ epoch-making significance. I would through them find the enced by the Communists. Before this happened, I was sent subject matter of my life work and bring my past academic to Germany to Study. In. the quiet, old, small and beautiful work to a providential finish. My works thereafter would be academic city, Marburg, my academic interest was focused ones born from the object-consciousness which is giving me on the Christian ethics of political economy under the guid­ a heavenly power day after day. ance of Professor Georg Wuensch. I read Eduard Heimann. I was greatly interested in Christoph Blumhardt. Leonhard The Printed Witness Ragaz’ religious socialism and Rudolf Otto’s theology of In 1966, five years later, I published two Japanese books the kingdom of God interested me very much. The result of about Anabaptism, the firät, historical; the second, sociologi­ this ardent study was the (Japanese) publication of The cal. The historical work was Martyrdom and Exodus, 450 Evangelical Ethics of Social Economy (1932). This was Years of the Hutterites; the second was A Study of Chris­ awarded the First Prize from the "Foundation for the Pub­ tian Communities of Goods in Our Day. In a rather long in­ lication of Christian Book-Series,” and proved to be one troductory chapter to both books I treated the Anabaptist of the books for Christian intellectuals in those days to read church, advocating the point of view that it was neither without fail. This book was prohibited from being sold at Protestant nor Catholic. the time of the war because of its motto, "Don’t make the In 1965 I visited Robert Friedmann in Kalamazoo for state your God J” the first time. In 1967 I took part in the Conference on When I returned to Japan from Germany in 1933, my the Concept of Believers’ Church held at Louisville, Ken­ first speech was a warning to Japanese Christians, with the tucky. The first “Believers’ Church” Conference had been anti-Christian nature of Hitler’s political philosophy as the held at Mennonite Biblical Seminary, Chicago, 111., August main subject. But Japan’s totalitarianism deepened day by 23-25, 1955. The conference in 1967 brought my living day, and war became imminent. I was not allowed to con­ and thinking into a wider Protestant context. On this oc­ tinue to teach at the government college I was in, because casion a picture was taken of Friedmann and me sitting I was considered a liberal. side by side. It appears in the September, 1967, issue of the Tie with the following comment: "Gan Sakakibara, who Sad But Happy journeyed from Tokyo, Japan, to the Believers’ Church The next ten years, 1939 to 1948, were at the same time Conference site with Robert Friedmann, Professor Emeritus the saddest and happiest of my life. W e had no income but at Western Michigan University. Both men are considered lived on the gifts presented by many farmer-friends from all leading scholars on the Anabaptists.” over the prefecture. I could devote all my time to writing The English Classical School of Political Economy as a From that time on, my friendship with Friedmann grew Social Science during those ten years without being bothered ever closer. W e met almost every summer. One day I by the busy war-time situation. In order to write this book, proposed that he sell his Anabaptist library to me. At first I had to read a great deal. I borrowed books from the librar­ he seemed quite surprised, but at last he agreed. I explained ies of several universities in Tokyo. For that purpose I used my intention in this way: "Mennonite colleges in the to go up to Tokyo about twice a month. Sometimes I had to States will not be so interested in purchasing them because wander about with a heavy trunk full of books under the it would only mean duplicating their present holdings. If severe bombing. This study was planned to make up a scien­ you sell them to old-book sellers, your library will be tific system, along with the later Study of the German scattered without leaving any sign of its former owner. School of Political Economy as a Social Science. My inten­ But if you sell them to me, I could establish a Robert tion was as follows. Economic science is a study of man. If Friedmann Memorial Library of Anabaptism in Japan. people’s image of man differs (such as that of Christians This would be a genuine contribution to the Church.” from that of Marxists), will ft not result in a scientific dif­ This reasoning made him very happy, and he accepted the ference in the so-called science of political economy? I was proposal. The work of establishing an Anabaptist library in granted a doctorate in the field of economics (Econ.D.) for Japan is now going on with the cooperation of Melvin this study. Gingerich, Leonard Gross of Goshen College, and the Men­ nonite Library and Archives of North Newton, Kansas. Contacts with Mennonites The third book of my Anabaptist Series, entitled A In 1945 the war ended. My study of the English politi­ Historical Study of the Classical Age of the Anabaptist cal economy was completed. The inflation at that time was Church, was published in May, 1972. The fourth book incredible. W e could not stand against it. Just at that time in the series is to be the Japanese translation of Arthur the new Aoyama Gakuin University (Methodist) offered Gish’s The N ew Left and Christian Radicalism. Since Gish’s

M arch 1973 13 “Christian Radicalism” denotes Anabaptism, it is not at of thinking. I translated Gish’s book in order that Japanese all strange to publish it as the fourth in my Anabaptist Christian pacifists can understand the really revolutionary Series. In the series of four books, two are historical and viewpoint that is truly biblical and Anabaptist. A conver­ two sociological. At the present stage of Anabaptist under­ sion from the Machiavellian fallacy to the real and right standing in Japan if we publish only historical works it way of peaceful social change is at once biblical and true. will be difficult to interest Japanese Christians in Ana- Fed by religious socialists like Blumhardt and Ragaz, sup­ baptism, not to mention Japanese people outside the church­ ported by the social gospel of Rauschenbusch, I had kept es. The sociological book has a special meaning at this fighting the establishment under the banners of the Stu­ point. One reader said that after studying it, he thought dent Christian Movement and Frontier Fellowship. he could see 'the real essence of the Christian life in the four communities. Others have gone to the United States to The fifth book of my series is to be a theological work live and learn the communitarian way of life as a result which could be the basis of the historical and sociological of reading the book. Gish’s effort to unite the New Left studies. Among Japanese Christians there are people who with the Anabaptist way of thinking must influence Jap­ think of Anabaptism as if it were an old-fashioned villagers’ anese Christians who are looking for a Christian way for religion and weak in theological thinking. Japanese people the peaceful change of society. His proposal brings forward tend by nature to respect the scholarly profession. When a fresh and strong Standpoint for young Japanese Chris­ they accept Christianity, they tend to deepen themselves tians. theologically, but are apt to fail in remodeling their every­ day lives after the teaching of the Bible itself. Some Jap­ The Religious Situation anese Christians, supported by the Lutheran theology of Japanese people in general like to be called “progres­ sola fide, even find this Anabaptist emphasis on the every­ sive” and dislike being called “conservative” or “tradi- day life its weak point. In order to point out this false way of thinking, we have to present a “theology” of Ana- baptism. This is an urgent task of Anabaptist scholarship in Japan. In response to this need I wish to introduce Robert Friedmann’s Anabaptist theology to Japan. It is not yet published in the United States, but I hope to translate it into Japanese as the fifth in my series, under the title, Anabaptist Theology. Anabaptism in Japan The publication of my Anabaptist series will be con­ tinued in the future, but the order, time, and funds will have to be fully considered. The biography of Conrad Grebel is already in manuscript form. I want 'to publish this work someday together with his letters, already trans­ lated into Japanese. I have also translated Hans Fischer’s Jakob Hutter, Leben, Froemmigkeit, Briefe, Myron Augs- burger’s Pilgrim Aflame (Michael Sattler) and Peter Riedemann’s Rechenschaft (Confession of Faith). They are all in manuscript form awaiting publication.

In the summer of 1972 I made a one-month study tour to the United States. Society has changed since I Dr. and Mrs. Sakakibara wrote my book in 1966. There is now a high tide of interest in communes. I visited many such communities. Some of them were consciously Anabaptist from their first tional.” They 'tend to take the latter for old-fashioned. In motivation. Among 'them were the Fellowship of Hope in the sociological dimension, the formula “Marxism equals Elkhart, Ind„, Atlanta Fellowship, Atlanta, Ga., Fair- progressivism” is deeply fixed in the minds of some. Marx­ view Mennoni'te House in Wichita, and T he Bridge in ists affirm Machiavellism as a strategy for their revolution­ Newton, Kan. The community of A rt Gish was composed ary actions. But Machiavellism means accepting the thesis of Brethren, Mennoni'tes and Catholics. At Suruban in that the end justifies the means. Supported by this thesis, Durham, N. C., and Memphis Fellowship, Memphis, Tenn., the Japanese New Left thinks that violence is the shortest there were no Mennonite members at all. But no matter way to social change. Under this camouflage, they pretend whether there were Mennonites (Anabaptists) or not, they to be intellectual and progressive and speak loudly against were all clearly biblical. They insisted on discipleship, non­ the non-violent pacifist as though he were a coward and violence, some even more on nonresistance (Memphis). out-of-date. The silent majority does not speak against These points of view are all Anabaptist beyond doubt. them. Although 'they do not speak, they express their dis­ Some of them had Protestant background. They had been like of violence by giving their votes to the conservative greatly repelled by the traditional Protestant churches which party at the general elections. The violent New Left is in the Post-American attacks with severe blame. Parallel with this way really a great supporter of the dominant con­ this a newspaper like the Catholic Worker is noteworthy. servatives. This is the real situation of Japanese politics. Young Protestants and Catholics alike can not Stay in the A rt Gish has pointed logically to the fallacy in this way old church. Once they read the Bible for themselves with

14 M ennonite L ife a pure conscience and honesty, they strive toward a dis- sionary who could not find employment in Japan. He found cipleship of their own. This is my conclusion. employment for 'him as an English teacher. The success My Guiding Star of the emerging English teaching program of Gan Sakaki­ bara sounds like a miracle. However, one must see this At this point let me look back on my life for over a in context of other circumstances. The scholar Sakakibara half century. Has there not been a Guiding Star shining all and the convinced Japanese Anabaptist has also been a the time on my academic and personal way? Has there not student of economics. He developed the Tokyo English been something always attracting me to Anabaptism even Center in a time when the imprint “Made in Japan” ap­ when I knew nothing of it? In Berlin over forty years peared on goods produced and distributed the world over. ago, as a young student, I happened to buy Rudolf Wol- English became popular not only because of Japanese inter­ kan’s Die Hutterer from a second-hand bookseller. I knew est in English books, but also in relation to the production nothing about Anabaptism at that time. Yet thirty years “ know-how" for which Japan has become known. later I learned that it is one of the rare and important Sakakibara has meanwhile organized a group called books for the Study of Anabaptism! W hat a source of sur­ Bridge-Builders. In 1972, 150 junior high school stu­ prise and joy this 'has been to me. dents with 30 adult leaders traveled in America and stayed My professors in philosophy and theology, including in 'homes of 4-H club members. This 'has been done for Max Weber, Ernst Troeltsch, Christoph Blumhardt, Leon­ years and continues as a very successful program. There is hard Ragaz, Rudolf Otto and W alter Rauschenbusoh, pav­ also a Student exchange program between Korea and Japan. ed the way on which I walked toward 1960 and led to my encounter with Anabaptism. This was not an accident. Sakakibara has been successful in introducing new and Throughout my life I cannot but feel the existence of the effective methods of teaching foreign languages and in providential guidance of the finger of God in all of this. promoting a program of student exchange involving a num­ I want to continue to 'his glory and the good of man. ber of countries. This large program started wfth the good will expressed toward a stranded American boy in ED ITO R IA L N O T E : Another aspect of the life of Japan. It has helped Sakakibara to publish books and de- Sakakibara is the development of the Tokyo English Center, voite 'his time to the promotion of genuine Anabaptist con­ which is devoted to language and educational research. cepts of the church and Christian discipleship in Japan. Once Sakakibara helped a young American pacifist mis­ — Cornelius Krahn

VOICES AGAINST WAR: A Mennonite Oral History of World War I a By KEITH L. SPRUNGER

ral history is probably the most significant innova­ W ith the growth of oral history aS a field of study, a be­ tion in the field of history in the past 25 years. Not ginning has been made in Mennonite oral history. Occasional Othat oral history is completely new. Since the time of interviewing has been the rule for years. Cornelius Krahn of Herodotus, historians have been interviewing people and re­ the Mennonite Library and Archives had a grant to inter­ cording the stories they heard; the recent innovation is the view Russian Mennonites who had come to Canada after Systematic interviewing by tape recorder and then building World War II. The first large scale Mennonite Oral His­ these interviews into an organized collection. The technolog­ tory project is centered in the Bethel College Mennonite Li­ ical advances of tape recording have made the recorder— brary and Archives and its Schowalter Collection on World especially the cassette—an inescapable feature of American W ar I conscientious objection. Bethel College has published culture. And very likely one of these tape recording person­ an index-guide to the collection. It is entitled Voices Against ages you see could be an historian working on his oral history JVar and is edited by Keith Sprunger, John Waltner, and project. James Juhnke. Oral history became prominent by association with the Oral history began in a formal way at Bethel College famous people of the day: The Eisenhower collection, the in 1968 when the Schowalter Foundation of Newton, Kan­ Kennedy collection, the Johnson collection, the Columbia sas provided a grant to Support: a collection dealing with con­ University collection. But oral history is also ideally suited scientious objection, especially Mennonite, during the period to be a grass roots history—going to the people and to the of World W ar I. In 1972 the Schowalter Foundation pro­ non-famous folks who never get around to writing their own vided a second grant which makes possible the publication of Stories. Too often historians have had to admit that they this index and also a further expansion of the scope of the have little or no information about the common people of the collection to include relief, mental health, and service as­ past. For their being so many of them, common people have pects of Mennonite churches since World W ar I. The first left remarkably few documentary records. Oral history can director of the project was James C. Juhnke, professor of help fill 'the gap in materials that otherwise will be lost. American history at Bethel College (on leave 1971-73), and during 'his absence leadership has been provided by John Keith Sprunger is professor of history at Bethel College, W altner and Keith Sprunger, both of the Bethel 'history de­ North Newton, Kan. partment, and J. Lloyd Spaulding, professor of economics

M arch 1973 15 at Bethel College Others who have served as consultants to the project have included Henry Fast of Tabor College A Mennonite Centennial and Paton Yoder of HesSton College. Many others have The Mennonites of the prairie states and provinces will given counsel and encouragement. The collection is located observe their centennial in 1974. In 1870, unrest was in 'the Mennonite Library and Archives at Bethel College. created among Mennonites of Russia, Poland, and West The focus of the project has been the Mennonite experi­ Prussia, because of the compulsory military conscription ence in America during World W ar I. The war was chosen which was to be introduced. One-third of the Mennonites as an area of study because of its critical effect upon Amer­ prepared to leave Russia in 1873. During the following ican Mennonites. Further, the topic gave emphasis to a cen­ two years, they moved in large numbers to Kansas, Nebras­ tral Mennonite value, the peace witness; and it was feasible ka, the Dakotas, Minnesota, and Manitoba. because of the substantial number of survivors from the Most of the commemoration will likely take place in period of the war who could be interviewed. “When the 1974. Centennial committees have been formed on local lightning Struck in 1917-19, Mennonites were indeed tested and overall levels. An Inter-Mennonite Centennial Com­ in the most profound crisis of their experience in America,” mittee of Kansas is aiming to coordinate some of the activ­ notes Jim Juhnke. ities. Most interviews have been with Mennonite W orld W ar An Inter-College Centennial Committee of Bethel, 1 draftees, although other informants have been sought out Hesston, and Tabor colleges is preparing various programs to tell the experiences from the point of view of Mennonites which will possibly include dramas, musicals, a film, and who did not happen to be drafted, of women, and of Men­ publications. There are similar organizations in Manitoba nonite leaders, and of persons ou'tside the Mennonite faith. and other states and provinces. Some films have already The combined testimony of these interviews constitutes a sig­ been produced and others are to follow. One of the most nificant addition to the primary source material available in outstanding creations is the Mennonite Village Museum at Mennonite history. Steinbach, Manitoba. The collection includes 273 interviews—or in some cases, attempted interviews—gathered in 15 states and four prov­ inces in Canada. Reflecting the geographical location of Peter Brock on Peace Bethel College, 'die largest number of interviews has been collected in Kansas (111); but other states with substantial In Europe & USA numbers of interviews include California, Indiana, Minne­ sota, Nebraska, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Okla­ The list of books dealing with the radical reformation, homa, Oregon, and Virginia. The collection has little from revolution, war and peace, grows from year to year and the northern Indiana area; however, Goshen College has has never before been as long as the one in this issue of begun an oral history program for this region of Mennonite Mennonite Life. It is hardly possible to do justice to all of concentration as well as more widely. The largest number of them in thorough reviews. A few are selected to call at­ interviews has come from men and women of General Con­ tention to 'their uniqueness or significance. First of all, we ference Mennonite Church background; in addition many mention a number of books devoted to the peace issue. are from (Old) Mennonites, Mennonite Brethren, Amish, They are the following: and other Mennonite branches. Peter Brock, Pacifism in Europe to 1914. (Princeton In addition to the project directors of the Bethel College University Press, 1972, 556 pp.) faculty, much of the work of interviewing and organizing Peter Brock, Pacifism in the United States from the has been done by Bdthel students. Each year one or two his­ Colonial Era to the First W orld War. (Princeton Uni­ tory students have been Senior Fellows in oral history. These versity Press 1968, 1,005 pp.) have included John Waltner (1967-68), Dale Schräg and Peter Brock, The Twentieth Century Pacifism. (Van Allan Teichroew (1968-69), Sondra Bandy and Don Hol- Nostrand Reinhold, 1970, 274 pp.) singer (1969-70), Greg Stucky and Fred Zerger (1970-71), A superficial look into these books gives the interested Carolyn Cox (1971-72), and David Haury and David person an awesome feeling. One individual has presented Kaufman (1972-73). A few other persons have served as in­ the total history of peace efforts in human society on nearly terviewers on a voluntary basis for occasional interviews. 2,000 pages. The style of the writer is such that any in­ As the collection grew to over 100 tapes—between 200 dividual, whether he is scholastically inclined or a layman and 300 hours of interviews—the problem of organizing and seeking information on the subject, can with delight read indexing became obvious. The emphasis of the past year has this record of man’s ups and downs in trying to solve the been on preparing this index in order to make the material problem of war. However, the author primarily devotes accessible to researchers. Carolyn Cox in 1972 carried on the his study to 'the so-called historic peace orientated groups task of listening to the tapes and writing brief summaries. and individuals who have tried to promote peace by re­ Based on these summaries, various indexes were prepared. maining uninvolved in militant human conflict. Over 60 of the interviews have been transcribed by type­ The AnabaptiSt-Mennonites of Western Europe, Russia, writer. and America are fully treated. So are other historic peace The indexes and summaries make the interviews acces­ groups, such as the Quakers, the Church of the Brethren, sible for efficient Study for 'the first time. However, the proj­ etc. The writer has written a fluid text not burdened with ect is not complete and new information is constantly being learned apparatus of footnotes. However, the interested re­ added. The next step in the Bethel oral history program will searcher finds his sources at the end of each chapter or at proceed toward the period of World W ar II and beyond, the end of the book. It is a monumental accomplishment giving a special emphasis to the history of Mennonite in­ and will serve generations to come as a source of informa­ volvement in mental health. tion.

16 M ennonite L ife Radical Reformation Research 1971-1972

By Cornelius Krahn, Nelson P. Springer, Melvin Gingerich, Walter Klaassen and others

I n the April, 1971 issue of Men- to the Ph.D. dissertations and M.A. tions has been continued annually in nonite Life, we reported about nu­ theses in progress. W e name particu­ this column. The editors of Mennon­ merous research projects, including larly the two volumes, Dissertations ite Life will be pleased to receive M.A. and Ph.D. dissertations. Pre­ in History, by Warren F. Kuehl, information about research in prog­ ceding April issues since 1949 (except published by the University Press of ress and dissertations to be included in 1961, 1963, 1967, and 1968 when Kentucky in 1960 and in 1970, and in subsequent issues. they were in 'the July issues) contain Dissertation in History, published an similar information under the head­ nually by the American Historical This column also contains a report ing “Mennonite Research in Prog­ Association. Some selections were also about the work of the North Ameri­ ress.” Of special significance in this made from the volumes of Index of can Committee for Documentation of issue are the “Doctoral Dissertations” Graduate Theses in Baptist Theolog­ Free Church Origins, (NACD- and the “M.A. Theses.” The list is ical Seminaries, published by The FCO). This issue will be sent to all much longer not only because there Historical Commission of the South­ members of the Committee as an was no listing in 1972, but also be­ ern Baptist Convention, covering the annual report. Additional copies of cause we have been able to acquire years 1894-1971. this particular issue can be ordered new sources of information in regard The listing of additional disserta­ from the publisher.

Doctoral Dissertations Dutch Community.” Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University, 1971. Bauman, Harold Ernest. “The Believers’ Church and the Isaak, Helmut. “Das Weltverstaendnis von Menno Si­ Church College.” Ed.D., Columbia University, 1972, 233 mons,” Ph.D., University of Amsterdam, 1972. pp- Jacobszoon, J. P. "Johannes Deknatel, een Amsterdamse Burger, Edward K. “Anabaptist-Catholic Relations in the Mennist in het gezelschap van Zinzendorf.” Ph.D., Uni­ Sixteenth Century.” Ph.D., University of California at San­ versity of Amsterdam, 1972. ta Barbara. (In progress) Kadelbach, Ada. "Die Hymnodie der Mennoniten in Burkhalter, Sheldon Wayne. “Anabaptism and the Unity Nordamerika (1742-1860).” Eine Studie zur Verpflanzung, of the Church: Insights for Contemporary Ecumenicity.” D. Bewahrung und Umformung europaeischer Kirchenlied­ of Min., Fuller Theological Seminary, 1972, 317 pp. tradition,” Ph.D. Johannes Gutenberg-Universitaet, Mainz, Dick, John R. “A Suggested Plan of Administration for 1971, 285 pp. the Evangelical Mennonite Brethren Conference.” D.R.E., Miller, Paul Martin. "Investigation of the Relationship Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1953, 267 pp. Between Mennonite Theology and Mennonite Worship.” Th.D., Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1961. Friesen, Isaac I. “The Glory of the Ministry of Jesus Rechlin, Alice Theodora Merten. "The Utilization of Christ Illustrated by a Study of 2 Cor. 2:14-3:18.” Th.D., Space by the Nappanee, Indiana Old Order Amish; A University of Basel, 1971, 167 pp. Minority Group Study.” Ph.D., University of Michigan, Gerlach, Russel L. “Rural Ethnic and Religious Groups 1970, 218 pp. as Cultural Islands in the Ozarks of Missouri: Their Emer­ Rohland, Curtis, “Ethnic Education in a Multi-National gence and Persistence.” Ph.D., University of Southwest State—Mennonite Education in Russia” Ph.D., University Missouri State College, 1972. of Kansas. (In progress) Hardwich, Robert. “A Study of the Mennonites of Den­ Saffady, William. “Anabaptism in England under Ed­ bigh Community and the West Valley District in Virginia.” ward IV.” Ph.D., Wayne State University, 1972. Ph.D., University of Virginia (Charlottesville). (In prog­ Sawatsky, Rodney J. “History as Ideology: The Identity ress) Struggle of an American Minority—The Mennonites" Hayes, Donald P. “The Iowa Amish and Their Educa­ Ph.D., University of Princeton. (In progress) tion.” Ph.D., University of Iowa, 1972, 105 pp. Sea, Thomas F. “The Swabian League and the German Hiebert, Clarence. “The Holdeman People, A Study of Peasant’s W ar.” Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley. the Church of God in Christ, Mennonite, 1858-1969.” (In progress) Ph.D., Case Western Reserve University, 1971, 630 pp. Steeves, Paul D. “The Evangelical Baptist Movement in Hopple, Lee Charles. “Spatial Development and Internal the Soviet Union, 1917-1929.” Ph.D., University of Kansas, Spatial Organization of the Southeastern Pennsylvania Plain 1972.

M arch 1973 17 M.A. Theses Moser, Robert E. “Historical Background of Zions Harp Beyler, Clayton Vern. “Meaning and Relevance of the Hymnbook of Apostolic Christian Church.” M.A., Illinois Devotional Covering: A Study in the Interpretation of 1 State University. (In progress) Corinthians 11:2-16.” Th.M., Southern Baptist Theological Noebel, David Arthur. “The Rationale for Pacifism in Seminary, 1954. the Anabaptist Movement.” M.A., University of Tulsa, Brandsma, Jan Auke. “Transition of Menno Simons from 1971. Roman Catholicism 'to Anabaptism as Reflected In His Noll, Mark A. “Luther and Hoffman; Letter to Livanian Writings.” B.D., Baptist Theological Seminary, Switzer­ Church and Later Break, 1525-29.” M.A., Trinity Evan­ land, 1955, 60 pp. gelical Divinity School. (In progress) Braun, Jack D. “Mennonite Plays and Playwrights and Palij, Michael. “The Peasant Partisan Movement of the the Mennonite Theme in Dramatic Literature in the United Anarchist Nestor Makhno, 1918-21. An Aspect of the States.” M.A., University of Kansas, 1965. Ukrainian Revolution.” M.A. Thesis, University of Kansas. Burkhalter, Sheldon Wayne. “Anabaptism and the Unity October 1971, 432 pp. (Reference to Mennonites) of the Church: Insights for Contemporary Ecumenicity. Polzin, Alfred. “A History of the Germantown Mennon­ M.A., Fuller Theological Seminary, 1972, 317 pp. ite Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.” Th.M ., Eastern Byrum, Allen L. “Mennonite Settlements in Paraguay.” Baptist Theological Seminary, 1971. I l l pp. M.A., Columbia University. (In progress) Raber, Chester Alden. “Investigation into the Beliefs Conley, James E. “Mennonite Missions in Ghana and Ni­ of Mennonite Young People.” Th.M., Southern Baptist geria, 1957-1969.” M.A., Indiana University. (In progress) Theological Seminary, 1954. Dick, La Vernae J. “Early Mennonites in Oregon.” Raegan, Cheryl A. “Amish Funeral Rites.” M.A., Ball M.A., Oregon College of Education, 1972, 107 pp. State University. (In progress) Esau, John A. "Religion and Culture. A New Model for Understanding Their Changing Relationships.” M.Th, Roth, Roy Daniel. “A Curriculum for a Proposed Church Theological Seminary of the Twin Cities, 1972. Music M ajor at Eastern Mennonite College. M .A , Univer­ Foster, Claude R., Jr. “Johannes Buenderlin: Radical Re­ sity of Oregon, 1972, 91 pp. former of the Sixteenth Century.” M.A., University of Voolstra, Sjouke. “Enige opmerkingen over de Hermeneu- Pennsylvania, 1963. tiek van Melchior Hoffman en de invloeden hiervan op de Hiebert, Marcia. “A Study of Characteristics of Students doperse beweging in Nederland.” Thesis, University of Am­ Enrolled in the Bethel Experimental Learning Laboratory.” sterdam, 1972. M.A., University of Kansas, 1971. Zwede, Weard. “Contribution of Anabaptists of the 16th Hofman, R. “De zending der gemeente van Christus tot Century to Religious Liberty.” B.D., Baptist Theological de wereld.” Thesis, University of Amsterdam, 1970. Seminary, Switzerland, 1954, 61 pp. Hopper, John David. “Balthasar Hubmaier’s Doctrine of the Church.” Th.M., Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1966, 101 pp. North American Committee for the Kiwiet, Jan J. “Hans Denck and His Teaching (1500- Documentation of Free Church Origins 1527). B.D., Baptist Theological Seminary, Switzerland, (NACDFCO), 1971-1972 1954,114 pp. The last meeting of the Committee of Free Church Ori­ Klassen, John J. “Scriptural Authority Among the Ana­ gins was held in New York in conjunction with the Ameri­ baptists: A. Study of Implicit Obedience.” Th.M., Golden can Society of Church History, December 1971. No meeting Gate Baptist Theological Seminary, 1966, 105 pp. was held in December 1972 because of a lack of response Klippenstein, Lawrence. Religion and Dissent in the Era from prospective participants. of Reform: The Russian Stundobaptists, 1858-1884. M.A., University of Minnesota, 1971. (Reference to Mennonites) F Highlights of the December 1971 Meeting. Knipscheer, Jr. L. D. G. “De eerste tien jaren van de A. The Committee members reviewed the work and made Doopsgezinde vredesbeweging.” Thesis, University of Am­ plans for the future. sterdam, 1972. B. Cornelius Krahn, who has been the Executive Secretary Krajewski, Ekkehard. “So-called Petition of Protest and of the Committee since its organization in 1964, asked Defense to the Zurich Council, 1524-1525; A Comparative to be relieved of this responsibility. He was asked to contin­ Historical Document.” B.D., Baptist Theological Seminary, ue to serve as Vice-Chairman of the Committee. W alter Switzerland, 1954, 95 pp. Klaassen was elected to succeed Krahn as Executive Secre­ Lanning, James Walter. “The Old Colony Mennonites of tary. Ronald Sider of Messiah College was appointed Re­ cording Secretary. Bolivia: A Case Study.” M.Sc., Texas A & M University, 1971, 130 pp. C. It was agreed that the annual “Research in Progress” Laurence, Hugh Getty. “A Formal Analysis of Museum and “Radical Reformation Bibliography” featured in Men- Displays in Central Kansas.” M.A., McGill University, nonite Life since 1949 be sent to all members and friends of 1972. (Includes Kauffman Museum, Bethel College) NACDFCO as an off-print or in a copy of the issue of Martina, Sister. “Professionalization of Amish Teachers in Mennonite Life. It was suggested that this research and bib­ Ohio. M.A., St. John College of Cleveland. (In progress) liographical report could be headed by the title "Free Miller, Robert W. “The Role and Contribution of the Church Studies ’ with suh-sectionS on Radical Reformation, Foreign Voluntary Agencies in South Vietnam, 1966-1971.” Anabaptistica, Mennonitica, Pietism, etc. M.A., University of Pittsburgh, 1972, 149 pp. D. The Executive Committee of NACDFCO has produced 18 M ennonite L ife a new letterhead which brings up to dalte recent changes in Cornelius Krahn who are members of the organization since personnel. its beginning. Horst and Krahn are also members of the German TAK, the mother organization of NACDFCO. II. Current Activities and Source Publications (In prepara­ tion). George H. Williams is currently in Poland on a Gugen- A. NACDFCO Paperback Series (in preparation). heim Fellowship doing research and preparing an English translation of Historci Reformationis Polonicae of Stanislas 1. Donald Durnbaugh, “Mutual Aid.” Lubienieckis. 2. Clyde Manfechreck, “Religious Liberty.” 3. Lowell Zuck, “Christianity and Revolution.” Bethel College Research Projects B. Other source publications. (N ot published) 1. “Mennonite Bibliography, 1631-1961” by A. J. Klas­ sen and Nelson P. Springer. (Expected to be off the press Justus G. Holsinger. “Puerto Rico, Island of Progress.” in 1973.) Research Project at Bethel College, North Newton, Kan., 2. “The Legacy of Michael Sattler” by John H. Yoder 1970, 306 pp. (at the press). David Haury. “German-Russian Immigrants and Kan­ 3. “Writings and Letters of Pilgram Marbeck” by Wil­ sas Politics: A Comparison of the Catholic and Mennonite liam Klassen and W alter Klaassen (to be published in Immigration to Kansas and Their Politics.” Research Paper at Bethel College, North Newton, Kan., 1970, 183 pp. 1973). 4. “Balthasar Hubmaier” by William R. Estep and John Fred Zerger. “Anabaptism in Elizabethian England: An H. Yoder. Interpretive History.” Essay presented at London School 5. “Hans Denck” by Clarence Bauman. of Economics, 1970, 83 pp. 6. “Dirk Phillips” by William Keeney. Donald C. Holsinger. “Pressures Affecting the Men­ 7. “Andreas KarLtadt” by Ronald J. Sider. nonite German-Americans in Central Kansas During World 8. “The Czech Reformation” by J. K. Zeman. W ar I.” Research Paper at Bethel College, North Newton, (All these are to be published by the Mennonite Publish­ Kansas, 1970, 60 pp. ing House, Scottdale, Pa., in a series “Classics of the Radi­ Becky Fretz. “Selected Student Characteristics Com­ cal Reformation.” ) paring BELL and non-BELL Bethel College Students.” III. To All AI embers and Friends of the Committee on A Research paper at Bethel College, North Newton, Kan., Free Church Origins N A C D F C O : 1971, 69 pp. Sondra Kay Bandy. “The Mennonite Image of the There will again be a meeting of NACDFCO next De­ Government.” Research paper at Bethel College, North cember in conjunction with the A.H.A. and A.S.C.H. meet­ Newton, Kan., 1970, 58 pp. ings. Kindly respond to the invitation when you receive it in November. Canadian Research This issue of Mennonite Life, devoted largely to research and publications, has been mailed to the members and David Janzen is engaged in research on Hans Denck. friends of NACDFCO with the compliments of Mennonite The emphasis is on the theological contribution of this Life, now published by the Herald Publishing Company, significant Anabaptist leader. David Kroeker is working on 129 West Sixth St., Newton, Kansas 67114. Since this issue a cognate essay which is an annotated translation of Hans should prove to be an excellent source of information for Denck’s Commentary on Micah. Lyle Friesen is dealing in any researcher, be it in a teaching position or as a student, his research with “Mennonite Interpretation of Anabap­ you can order additional copies by sending $1.00 per copy tism.” to the publishers. W alter Klaassen is working on a lengthy essay on non- You are also invited to check and see whether your resistance, to be published in Peace Research Reviews, pub­ library 'has a complete set of Mennonite Life, started in lished by the Canadian Peace Research Institute. Klaassen 1946. Complete sets and single issues (also those with the is in the final stage of the preparation of the book, Ana- annual research reports and bibliographies) are available. baptism: Neither Catholic nor Protestant, (Conrad Press, Write to: Mennonite Life, Mennonite Library and Ar­ Waterloo, Ontario). W alter Klaassen is also finishing the chives, North Newton, Kansas 67117, for information or book, Michael Gaismair: Revolutionary and Reformer, for order. which project he spent some time in Austria. Werner Pack- Related Projects ull (University of Waterloo) has finished an essay entitled “Denck’s Alleged Baptism by Hubmaier; Its Significance Cornelius Krahn and W alter Klaassen are preparing for the Origin of South German-Austrian Anabaptism.” each a volume of source materials on Dutch and Swiss Ana- The Mennonite Reporter, edited by Frank H. Epp, baptism for undergraduate teaching. They are to be topically and published by Mennonite Publishing Service, Waterloo, arranged. Ontario, regularly carries articles of significant historical The Taeuferakten-Kommission of Germany bas pub­ and theological nature, including book reviews of many lished a volume of Taeuferakten devoted to Austria, Grete Anabaptist-Mennonite publications. Mecenseffy, Oesterreich II. Teil in the series Quellen zur Frank H. Epp is writing the history of the Canadian Geschichte der Taeuf er. Mennonites, to be published in the near future. The rather active Dutch sister organization Commissic tot de uitgave van Documenta Anabaptistica Ncerlandica Leonard Sawatsky, University of Manitoba, continues has recently appointed W alter Klaassen as a North Ameri­ his research of the Mennonites that have migrated from can member in addition to Irvin B. Horst (Amsterdam) and Manitoba to Mexico and South America. He is the author

M arch 1973 19 of They Sought a Country: Mennonite Colonization in of Anabaptism should be aware of their own presuppositions Mexico. if they want to be taken seriously. Clasen especially, despite John B. Toews, Calgary, Alberta, has written artides his disclaimers of ideological interest, riddles his volume entitled ‘‘American Mennonite Relief in Russia (1921- with dubious conclusions on the basis of his particular value 1927),” ‘‘Mennonite Settlements in Siberia,” and “Men- judgments. Thus, following from his commitments to quan­ .nonite Flight into China.” titative analysis, he concludes that the importance of a move­ ment can be weighed in the balance of numbers. And given At Home and Abroad his own pragmatic standards, he judges Anabaptist notions Roland H. Bainton has published his first volume on of society impractical. Women of the Reformation. His second volume is at the A t issue is not 'the legitimacy of those who would debunk press, and the third is in preparation. the pious Mennonite” reading of the Reformation era, but Samuel H. Geiser, of Switzerland, was recently honor­ rather to insist that those pursuing Other interpretations like­ ed by the University of Zurich, when he was granted an wise admit their own presuppositions (as Stayer to some ex­ honorary degree in connection with his authorship of the tent attempts to do.) Subjectivity, despite ClaSen’s claims to revised and enlarged edition of his book, Die Tauf gesinnten the contrary, is always inherent in historical work and it Gemeinden, (1971). seems that the degree of objectivity attainable is in direct The well known Mennonite artist, “Tom” Schenk, has proportion to the ability and willingness of the historian to produced paintings of George Blaurock, Conrad Grebel, face his own faith principles. and Felix Manz. Schenk is best known for his Christopher Recognizing the necessity for historians to square with Dock painting. His works of art have been featured in their own commitments or agendas, even for Mennon­ various Mennonite magazines. ites to admit the existence of a “pious Mennonite” Grant M. Stoltzfus of Eastern Mennonite College is school of Anabaptist Studies, is not to understand the phe­ engaged in a research project dealing with the relations of nomenon. Since they served as the major ideologues of Amer­ British and American governments to the conscientious ob­ ican Mennonite identity, most Mennonite historians describ­ jectors in World W ar I and II with a special inquiry into ed the past, defined the present, and proposed the future. the origins of alternative service programs. In 1971-72 he But even as advocates of a normative Anabaptism, they were had a T. Wistar Brown Fellowship from Haverford Col­ guided in their description of that 16th century movement lege which enabled him to study the Quaker sources there, by the very sociological and theological milieu in America to as well as the Peace Collection at Swarthmore College. He which the ideal was to speak. Hence, the context of the his­ intends to continue this project in the summer of 1973. torian must be known to understand his writings. To de­ “Papers and Responses Presented at the Twenty-Fifth scribe this “pious Mennonite” interpretation in its environ­ Anniversary Program at Brook Lane Psychiatric Center, ment is the task of my dissertation. It is entitled "History as October 1 and 2, 1971.” Fresno, Calif.: Mennonite Mental Ideology: The Identity Struggle of an American Minority Health Service, 32 pp. (Typescript) —the Mennonites” (University of Princeton). Jacob A. Loewen. “Research Report on the Question — Rodney J. Sawatsky. of Settling Lengua and Chulupi Indians in the Paraguayan Chaco.” This research project was carried out at the re­ German Mennonite Scholarship Revitalized quest of the Mennonite Central Committee, Akron, Pa., 1964, 117 pp. In Europe today only the German Mennonites have Christopher, Stefan C. Plato’s Republic and Htitter’s channels of scholarly publications in periodicals of their New Jerusalem. Cheney, W ash.: Eastern Washington State own. The Dutch had the Doopsgezinde Bijdragen which College, 1971, 15 pp. started in a modest from in the beginning of the 18th Leland Harder, Mennonite Biblical Seminary, Elkhart, century and achieved its classic era in 1861-1919. It was Ind., and a number of assistants, are reviewing 'the transla­ however, discontinued at that time and revived only in a tion of the letters of Conrad Grebel, which are to be pub­ modified form in 1952 in Stemmen, which was discontinued lished in the near future. in 1963. At present, there remains a general weekly publica­ Carl Bangs of St. Paul School of Theology, Kansas tion with an occasional book review and the annual Doops- City, Mo., is preparing a manuscript for publication dealing gezind Jaarboekje. with the Kleine Gemeinde, its characteristics and families. The German Mennonites have a scholarly journal Me:i- nonitische Geschichtsblaetter, published annually since 1936, History As Ideology and now also have made their Mennonitisches Jahrbuch .another channel of scholastic pursuit and communications. W hat George H. Williams described as the “pious Men­ This is especially the case since 1971 when Johannes Harder, nonite interpretation of Anabaptist history has recently be­ formerly a professor of sociology at the Wuppertbal Edu­ come the “whipping boy” of Anabaptist studies as for exam­ cational Academy, and now pastor of the Frankfurt Men­ ples in Claus-Peter Clasen Anabaptism: A Social History, nonite Church, became the editor. 1525-1618, (Ithaca, N. Y., 1972), and James M . Stayer In addition to the summary of the events and highlights Anabaptists and the Sword, (Lawrence, Kan., 1972). The of the year and a presentation of the lists of congregations charge that some Mennonite historians went beyond mere and organizations since 1971, this yearbook contains chal­ rescuing of Anabaptism from an antagonistic historiography lenging informative and scholarly contributions, many of to the apologetic use of Anabaptism to develop an identity which deserve to get full attention by American readers. for 20th century Mennonites is difficult to refute and must Some of the titles of the articles in the last Jahrbuch (1973) be recognized above all by Mennonite historians. should arouse curiosity. Among those of special interest are But those who would demythologize Mennonite studies Against the Lack of Freedom in the Free Church” by 20 M ennonite L ife Hans-Juergen Goertz (in translation) and “Visiting the guages, but looked down on their Polish neighbors. The Grosse Werder" (former Mennonite villages in present-day authors regret that the Mennonites failed to build bridges Poland) by Helmut Reimer, as well as another article on between the Germans and the Poles. this subject by Rolf Fieguth in the 1971 Jahrbuch en­ It is a hopeful sign that the German Mennonites are titled “Mennonite Historic Awareness and Their Old West now sending their young people to the area of the former Prussian Home.” The last two articles give a startling his­ Heubuden Mennonite Church to work in a voluntary work- torical analysis of a chapter in Mennonite history of a camp where the Germans under Hitler had a concentra­ minority in a national context not easily found elsewhere, tion camp. including North America. The self analysis is honest, pain­ ful, and could be healing and corrective. It is a very Others who are critically reevaluating the Mennonite critical survey showing how 'the Mennonites, as Dutch heritage and calling attention to rt on the pages of their refugees, settled in the swamps of the Vistula River and two periodicals are Peter J. Foth, J. H. Wiens, Heinold became die Stillen im Lande. The joyous and sacrificial Fast, Gerhard Schellenberg, Gerhard Hein, Hans Adolf witness of the forefathers still found as an echo on the Hertzler, Abram Enns, Oskar Wedel, and others. (Copies pages of the Martyrs Mirror disappeared in their gradual of the Jahrbuch can be obtained through the Mennonite acculturation and adjustment to the German Drang nach Library and Archives, North Newton, Kansas. For addi­ dem Osten. As Dutch refugees, they gave up their language tional information see “Mennonite Historical Periodicals” in exchange for the Low German and High German lan­ in Mennonite Life, April, 1970, p. 89.)

Radical Reformation Bibliography 1970-1972 By Cornelius Krahn and Nelson P. Springer

/ . The Radical Reformation and Anabaptism Germany. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University, 1972, 523 pp. Crofts, Richard A. “Three Renaissance Expressions of Socie­ Account of Our Religion, Doctrine and Faith. Given by tal Responsibility: Thomas More, Desiderium Erasmus Petei' Rideman of the Brothers Whom. Men Call Hutteri- and Thomas Muentzer.” In: Sixteenth Century Journal, ans. Translated by the Society of Brothers. Second Eng­ m , 2 (1972), p. 11-24. lish edition. Rifton, N.Y.: Plough Publishing House, 1970, Deppermann, Klaus. “Melchior Hoffmans letzte Schriften 298 pp. aus dem Jahre 1534." In: Archiv fuer Reformations­ Augsburger, Myron S. The Broken Chalice. Scottdale, Penn.: geschichte. Guetersloher Verlagshaus Gerd Mohn, 1972, Herald Press, 1971, 136 pp. (Martyrs Mirror.) pp. 72-93. Bainton, Roland H. and Eric W. Gritsch. Bibliography of the Dickens, A. G. The Counter Reformation. (History of Euro­ Continental Reformation; Materials Available in English. pean Civilization Library.) New York: Harcourt, Brace Hamden, Conn.: Shoe String Press, 1972, 220 pp. and World, 1969, 215 pp. Bainton, Roland H. Women of the Reformation in Germany Dickens, A. G. Reformation and Society in Sixteenth-Cen­ and Italy. Minneapolis, Minn.: Augsburg Publishing tury Europe. (History of European Civilization Library.) House, 1971. (“Women of the Anabaptists,” pp. 145-158.) New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1966, 216 pp. Dolan, John P. History of the Reformation: A Conciliatory Bangs, Carl. Arminius: A Study ini the Dutch Reformation. Assessment of Opposite Views. New York: Desclee Com­ Nashville, Tenn: Abingdon Press, 1971, 382 pp. pany, 1965, 417 pp. Barnes, Thomas G. and Gerald D. Feldman, editors. .Ren­ Dumbaugh, Donald F., editor. The Church of the Brethren aissance, Reformation, and Absolutism 1400-1660. (Vol. I Past and Present. Elgin, Illinois: The Brethren Press, in A Documentary History of Modem Europe.) Boston, 1971, 182 pp. Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, 1972, 240 pp. Durnbaugh, Donald F., editor. Die Kirche der Brueder. Bender, Harold S. The Anabaptists and Religious Liberty in (Band IX in Die Kirchen der Welt.) Stuttgart: Evange­ the Sixteenth Century. Philadelphia, Penn.: Fortress lisches Verlagswerk, 1971, 236 pp. Press, 1970, 27 pp. (Facet Books, Historical Series, 16.) Forte, Dieter. Martin Luther and Thomas Muentzer; oder Bender, Harold S. The Anabaptist Vision. Scottdale, Penn.: Die Emfuehrung der Buchhaltung. Berlin: Verlag Klaus Herald Press, 1971, 44 pp. Wagenbach, 1971, 137 pp. Bergsten, Torsten. “Doeparforskningens Aktualitet." In: Gastaldi, Hugo. Storia delV Anabattismo dalle origini a Kyrkohistorisk Arsskrift, 1970, p. 5-8. Muenster (1525-1535). Torino: Claudiana, 1972, 650 pp. Bockwoldt, Gerd. “Eine neue Legende von Luther und Geiser, S. H. Die Taufgesinnten Gemeinden vm Rahmen Muentzer.” In: Zeitschrift fuer Religionspaedagogik, der allgemeinen Kirchengeschichte. Courgenay: Christian XXVII, 1972, p. 195-200. Schmutz, 1971, 583 pp. (67 illustrations.) Bohnstedt, John W. The Infidel Scourge of God: The Turk­ Gerlach, Horst. Der englische Bauernaufstand von 1381 und ish Menace as Seen by German Pamphleteers of the Ref­ der deutsche Bauernkrieg: Ein Vergleich. Meisenheim am ormation Era. (The American Philosophical Society, Vol. Glan: Verlag Anton Hain, 1969, 241 pp. 58, part 9.) Philadelphia, Penn., 1968, 58 pp. Goertz, Hans-Juergen. “Die oekumenische Einweisung der Braeuer, Siegfried. “Die erst Gesamtausgabe von Thomas Taeuferforschung.” In: Neue Zeitschrift fuer Systema­ Muentzers Schriften und Briefe; ein erfuelltes Desiderat tische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie. Berlin and New der Reformationsforschung." In: Luther-Jahrbuch. Ham­ York: Walter de Gruyter, 1971, pp. 363-372. burg: Friedrich Wittig Verlag, 1971, pp. 121-131. Gossman, Klaus. “Thomas Muentzer und Martin Luther— Caccamo, Domenico. Eretici italiani in Moravia, Polania, oder Die erzwungene Zukunft.” In: Zeitschrift fuer Reli­ Transilvania (1558-1611): Biblioteca del Corpus Reforma- gionspaedagogik, XXVH (1972), p. 201-225. torum Italicorum. Florence: G. C. Sansoni; Chicago: New­ Haas, Martin. “Die Taeuferkirchen des 16. Jahrhunderts in berry Library, 1970, 286 pp. der Schweiz und in Muenster—ein Vergleich." In: Zwing- Campi, Emilio. “Thomas Muentzer; teologo e rivoluzionario." liana, XIII, 1972, p. 434-462. In: Gioventu Evangelica, XX, 5 (Ap/Je 1970, p. 3-38.) Handy, Robert T. A Christiati America; Protestant Hopes Clasen, Claus-Peter. Anabaptism; A Social History, 1525- and Historical Realities. New York: Oxford University 1618; Switzerland, Austria, Moravia, South and Central Press, 1971, 282 pp.

M arch 1973 21 Hillerbrand, Hans J. Christendom Divided. The Protestant Sprunger, Keith L. The Learned Doctor William Ames: Reformation. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1971, 344 Dutch Backgrounds of English and American Puritanism. pp. Urbana, Chicago, London: University of Illinois Press, Hinrichs, Carl. Luther und Muentzer; ihre Auseinanderset­ 1972, 289 pp. zung ueber Obrigkeit und Wiederstandsrecht. Reprint. Simons, Menno. Die vollstaendige Werke Menno Simons’ 2. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Company, 1971, 187 pp. (Ar­ Pfad-Weg Ausg. Aylmer, Ontario: Pathway Publishers, beiten zur Kirchengeschichte, Number 29.) 1971, 398, 655 pp. Horst, Irvin Buckwalter. The Radical Brethren; Anabuptism Stauffer, Richard. The Humanness of John Calvin. Trans­ and the English Reformation to 1558. (Bibliotheca Hu- lated by George Shriver. Nashville, Term.: Abingdon manistica and Reformatorica, Vol. II.) Nieuwkoop: B. de Press, 1971, 96 pp. Graaf, 1972, 211 pp. Steinmetz, David C. Reformers in the Wings. Philadelphia: Jagger, Peter J. Christian Initiation, 1552-1969: Rites of Fortress Press, 1971, 240 pp. Baptism and Confirmation since the Reformation Period. Steinmetz, Max. Das Muentzerbild von Martin Luther bis London: S.P.C.K., 1970, 323 pp. Friedrich Engels. Berlin: VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wis­ Jong, Otto J. de. Die Emder Generalsynode vor dem Hinter­ senschaften, 1971, 498 pp. (Leipziger Uebersetzungen und grund der westeuropaeischen Religionsgeschichte. Jb. Ges. Abhandlungen zum Mittelalter, Reihe B., Bd. 4.) niedersaechs. Kirchengesch, LXVHI, 1970. Stella, Aldo. Anabattismo et Antitrinitarismo in Italia nel Kramer-Schlette, Carla. Vier Augsburger Chronisten der X V I Secolo. Padova: Liviana Editrice, 1969, 325 pp. Reformationszeit: Die Behandlung und Deutung der Zeit­ Stella, Aldo. Dali’ Anabattismo al Socinianesinw nel Cin­ geschichte bei Clemens Sender, Wilhelm Rem, Georg Freu quecento Veneto. Padova: Liviana Editrice, 1967, 223 pp. und Paul Hekton Mair. (Historische Studien, Number Strauss, Gerald, editor. Manifestations of Discontent in 421.) Luebeck: Matthiesen Verlag, 1970, 95 pp. Germany on the Eve of the Reformation. Indiana: Indiana Lohmann, Annemarie. Zur geistigen Entwicklung Thomas University Press, 247 pp. Muentzers. (Band 47 in Beitraege zur Kulturgeschichte Streller, Siegfried, editor. Hutten-Muentzer-Luther Werke. des Mittelalters und der Renaissance. Herausgegeben von Berlin and Weimar: Aufbau-Verlag, 1970, 303 pp. I. Bd.: Walter Goetz.) Hildesheim: Verlag Dr. H. A. Gersten­ Hutten-Muentzer. (Bibliothek deutscher Klassiker.) berg, 1972, 71 pp. Verheus, Dr. S. L. Zeugnis und Gericht; Kirchengeschicht­ Lohse, Bernhard. Hans Denck und der “linke Fluegel” der liche Betrachtungen bei Sebastian Franck und Mattias Reformation (Humanitas-Christianitas, Fs. Walther v. Flacius. Nieuwkoop: B. de Graaf, 1971, 121 pp. Loewenich, Witten, 1968, S. 74-83.) Vinay, Valdo. "Anabattismo, Antitrinitarismo e Correnti McLoughlin, William G. New England Dissent, 1630-1833; Mistico-speculative." In: La Riforma Protestante. Brescia: The Baptists and the Separation of Church and State. Paideia, 1970, p. 371-389. Center for the Study of the History of Liberty in America, Wehr, Gerhard. Thomas Muentzer in Selbstzeugnissen und Harvard University Press, 1972. Bilddolcwmenten dargestellt. Reinbek bei Hamburg: Ro­ Maurer, Wilhelm. Humanismus und Reformation im Nuern­ wohlt, 1972, 158 pp. (Rowohlts Monographien) berg Pirckheimers und Duerers. Jb. fraenk. Landesforsch., Weigelt, Horst. Sebastian Franck und Caspar Sclvwenckfeld XXXI, 1971. in ihren Beziehungen zu einander (Z. hier bayerische KG. Mecenseffy, Grete. Oesterreich II. Teil. In: Ouellen zur Ge­ 39, 1970, S. 3-19 und 1 Tafel). schichte der Taeufer XIII. Band. Gütersloh: Verlagshaus Weigelt, Horst. Sebastian Franck und die lutherische Refor­ Gerd Mohn, 1972, 543 pp. mation. Guetersloh: Guetersloher Verlaghaus Gerd Mohn, Monaghan, Hanna Darlington. "Dear George”: George Fox, 1972, 84 pp. Man and Prophet. Philadelphia: Franklin Publishing Com­ White, B. R. The English Separatist Tradition: From the pany, 1970, 298 pp. 6 Marian Fathers to the Pilgrim Fathers. Oxford: Oxford Mueller, Artur. Die Deutschen; ihre Klassenkaempfe, Auf- University Press, 1971, 179 pp. staende, Staatsstreiche und Revolution. Wien and Basel: Vernekohl, Wilhelm. Die Wiedertaeufer in Muenster. Muen­ f£u.rt gesell, 1972, 411 pp. (“Der Bauernkrieg," pp. 43-55: ster: Westfaelische Vereinsdruckerei, 3rd edition, 1970. ■Die Wiedertaeufer zu Muenster, 1534," pp. 63-70.) Wohlfeil, Rainer, editor. Reformation oder fruhbuergerliche Mueller, Ernst. Geschichte der Bemischen Taeufer nach den Revolution. Muenchen: Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung, Urkunden Dargestellt. Nieuwkoop: B. de Graaf, 1972. 411 1972, 318 pp. (Nymphenburger Texte zur Wissenschaft, pp. Modelluniversitaet 5) (Frequent references to Thomas Muentzer, Thomas. Scritti Politici. Introduzione, Versione e Muentzer.) Note a Cura di Emidio Campi. Torino: Editrice Claudiana, Zilverberg, Dr. S. B. J. Ketters in de Middeleeuwen. Bussum, iy (2, 230 pp. Holland: Fibula-Van Dishoeck, 1968, 112 pp. Olin, John C., James D. Smart, Robert E. McNally, editors Luther, Erasmus and the Reformation. A Catholic-Prot- estant Reappraisal. New York: Fordham University Press II. Revolution, Government, War and Peace 1969, 150 pp. A Christian Declaration on the Way of Peace. Newton, Kan­ Peremans, Nicole. Erasme et Bucer d’apres leur correspond­ sas : General Conference Mennonite Church, 1971, 20 pp. ence. (Bibliotheque de la Faculte de Philosophie et Let- Bauman, Richard. For the Reputation of Truth: Politics, tres de l’Universite de Liege, Number 194.) Paris: Societe Religion and Conflict among the Pennsylvania Quakers, d Editions "Les Beiles Lettres," 1970, 162 pp 1150-1800. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1971, 258 pp. Porter H. C., editor. Puritanism in Tudor England. Colum­ Brock, Peter. Pacifism in Europe to 19Ilf. Princeton, N J .: ba, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 1971, 311 pp. Princeton University Press, 1972, 556 pp. Brock, Peter. Pacifism in the United States from the Colo­ Radical Reformation Reader. A Pamphlet Series (Concern) tor Questions of Christian Renewal, No. 18, July 1971 nial Era to the First World War. Princeton, N J.: Prince­ 176 pp. ’ ton University Press, 1968, 1005 pp. Brock, Peter. Twentieth-Century Pacifism. New York: Van Reck-Malleczewen, Friedrich Percyval. Bockelson; Geschich- Nostrand Reinhold, 1970, 274 pp. Massenwahns. Stuttgart: Henry Goverts Verlag, Brown, Dale W. Brethren and Pacifism. Elgin, Illinois: The 1968, 216 pp. (Novel). Brethren Press, 1970, 152 pp. Rideman, Peter. Confession of Faith. Rif ton, New York: Brown, Dale W. The Christian Revolutionary. Grand Rapids, Plough Publishing House, 1970, 298 pp. Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 147 Rothmann, Bernhard. Die Schriften Bernhard Rothmanns; pp., 1971. bearbeitet von Robert Stupperich. Muenster in Westfalen: Chatfield, Charles. For Peace and Justice; Pacifism in Aschendorff, 1970, 456 pp. {Die Schriften der Muenste- America, 19Ilf-191)1. Knoxville, Term.: University of Ten­ nschen Taeufer und ihrer Gegner, I; Veroeffentlichungen nessee Press, 1971, 447 pp. der Historischen Kommission Westfalens, XXXII.) The Christian Conscience and War; A Statement by Theo­ Russell, Jeffrey B., Editor. Religious Dissent in the Middle logians and Religious Leaders. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald A^es. New York, London, Sydney and Toronto: John Press, 1972, 48 pp. Wiley and Sons, 1971, 161 pp. Collinson, Patrick. The Elizabethan Puritan Movement. Sakakibara, Gan. An Historical Study of the Classical Age Berkeley and Los Angeles, Calif.: University of California of the Anabaptist Church. Tokyo: Heibonsha, 1972, 484 pp. Press, 1967, 528 pp. (in the Japanese language.) Dillen, J. G. van. Van rijkdom en regenten: Handboek tot de Seubert, Josef. Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der Reforma- economische en sociale geschiedenis van Nederland tijdens tton m der ehemaligen freien Reichsstadt Dinkelsbuehl. de repubhek. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1970, 698 pp. (Historische Studien, Number 420.) Leubeck: Matthiesen Verlag, 1971, 72 pp. Driver, Juan (John) H. El pacifismo Christiano. Buenos Aires: Se termino de imprimir en Methopress, 1970, 29 pp. 22 M ennonite L ife 1 Elton, G. R. Policy and Police: The Enforcement of the gen des Ersten Weltkrieges. Goettingen: Musterschmidt- Reformation in the Age of Thomas Cromwell. New York: Verlag, 1969, 320 pp. Cambridge University Press, 1972, 446 pp. Seaver, Paul S. The Puritan Lectureships. The Politics of Enz, Jacob J. The Christian and Warfare; The Roots of Religious Dissent 1560-1667. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Pacifism in the Old Testament. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald University Press, 1970, 402 pp. Press, 1972, 95 pp. Stayer, James M. Anabaptists and the Sword. Lawrence, Epp, Frank H. Human Rights and Christian Responsibility. Kansas: Coronado Press, 1972, 364 pp. Winnipeg, Manitoba: Mennonite Central Committee Stayer, James M. Eme fanatische Taeuferbewegung in Ess­ (Canada), 1972, 16 pp. lingen und Reutlingen? (Blaettei* fiter wuerttembergische Gish, Arthur G. The New Left and Christian Radicalism. KG. 68/69, 1968/69, p. 53-59). Grand Rapids: W. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1970, Strauss, Johannes, editor. Glauben und Gewalt; Beitraege 158 pp. von Heinold Fast, et al. Muenchen: Claudius Verlag, 1971, Gräber, Edith Claassen. Children and Peace. Newton, Kan­ 121 pp. (Tutzinger Texte, 10.) sas : General Conference Mennonite Church, 15 pp., n.d. Tatum, Arlo, editor. Handbook for Conscientious Objectors. Haas, Martin. Taeufertum und Revolution (Festgabe Leon­ Philadelphia, Penn.: Central Committee for Conscientious hard von Murlat, Zuerich, 1970, S. 286-295.) Objectors, 1972, 137 pp. (12 edition.) Hall, A. M. With the Spirit’s Sword: The Drama of Spiritual Taufe—Neues Leben—Dienst. Das Leningrader Gespraech Warfare in the Theology of John Calvin. Richmond: ueber die Verantwortung der Christen fuer die Welt. Wit­ John Knox Press, 1968, 226 pp. ten, Germany: Luther Verlag, 1970, 240 pp. Toews, John B. “The Origins and Activities of the Mennon­ Harder, Leland. "The Political Behavior of Northern In­ ite Selbstschutz in the Ukraine (1918-1919).” Reprinted diana Mennonites.” In: Proceedings of the Indiana Acad­ from the Mennonite Quarterly Review, XLVI, January emy of the Social Sciences, 3rd series, V, 1970, p. 159-172. 1972, pp. 5-40. Harkness, Georgia. The Ministry of Reconciliation. Nash­ Toon, Peter, editor. Puritans, The Millennium and the Fu­ ville, Tennessee: Abingdon Press, 1971, 160 pp. ture of Israel: Puritan Eschatology 1600 to 1660. Cam­ Horsch, John. The Hutterign Brethren, 1528-1931; and The bridge: James Clarke and Co., 1970. Principle of Nonresistance as Held by the Mennonite Vernon, Louise A. Key to Prison. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Church. With a new introduction for the Garland edition, Press, 1972, 144 pp. (George Fox) by Peter Brock. New York and London: Garland Publish­ Volker Press. Calvinismus und Territorialstaat: Regierung ing, Inc., 1971, 168, 60 pp. (Garland Library of War and und Zentralbehoerden der Krupfalz 1559-1619. (Kieler his­ Peace.) torische Studien, Number 7.) Stuttgart: Emst Klett Ver­ Hyatt, John, compiler. Pacifism; a Selected Bibliography. lag, 1970, 543 pp. London: Housmans, 1972, 52 pp. Yoder, John H. Karl Barth and the Problem of War. Nash­ Interkerkelijk Vredesberaad. Bijbel, Kerk, Geweld. Voor- ville: Abingdon Press, 1970, 141 pp. burg, 1971. (Cahiers voor Vredesvraagstukken, No. 9.) Yoder, John H. Nevertheless; The Varieties of Religious Partial contents—J. P. Jacobszoon. Doopsgezinden en vre- Pacifism. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1971, 142 pp. de. pp. 29-32.—Irvin B. Horst. Kerk en militaire dienst in de eerste eeuwen. pp. 33-35. Yoder, John H. The Original Revolution; Essays on Chris­ Kniss, Lloy A. I Couldn’t Fight; the Story of a CO in tian Pacifism. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1971, 189 World War I. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1971, 47 pp. pp. Lamont, William M. Godly Rule: Politics and Religion 1603- Yoder, John H. The Politics of Jesus. Grand Rapids, Michi­ 1650. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1969, 200 pp. gan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1972, 260 Lehmberg, Stanford E. The Reformation Parliament, 1529- pp. 1536. London and New York: Cambridge University Press, Zilverberg, Dr. S. B. J. Geloof en geweten in de zeventiende 1970, 282 pp. eeuw. Bussum, Holland: Fibula—van Dishoeck, 1971, 94 Linder, Robert D., editor. God and Caesar; Case Studies in pp. the Relationship between Christianity and the State. Longview, Texas: The Conference on Faith and History, / / / . The Mennonites and Related Groups 1971, 140 pp. Mueller, Gerhard. Die roemische Kurie und die Reformation Arndt, Karl J. R. George Rapp’s Successors and Material 1523-1534. Kirche und Politik waehrenä des Pontifikates Heirs, 1847-1916. Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickinson Uni­ Clemens’ VII. Guetersloh: Verlagshaus Gerd Mohn, 1969, versity Press, 1971, 445 pp. 308 pp. Arnold, Eberhard. The Early Christians After the Death Murphy, Jeffrie G., editor. Civil Disobedience and Violence. .of the Apostles. Selected and Edited from all the Sources Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc., of the First Centuries. Translated and edited by the So­ 1971, 151 pp. ciety of Brothers. Rifton, N.Y.: Plough Publishing House, Nelson, Clifford L. German-American Political Behavior in 1970, 470 pp. Nebraska and Wisconsin, 1916-1920. Lincoln, Nebraska: Augsburger, David W. Cherishable: Love and Marriage. University of Nebraska Publication, 1972, 114 pp. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1971, 175 pp. Newcombe, Alan. Peace Research Reviews; Initiatives and Atlas of McPherson County, Kansas. Containing Maps, Responses in Foreign Policy, Volume HI, number 3. Oak­ Plats of the Townships, Alphabetical Rural Directory, ville, Ontario: Canadian Peace Research Institute, 1969, Histories of Churches, etc., Families, Farms, Churches 128 pp. and Pictures of General Interest. Bloomington, Minn.: Osborne, J. K. I Refuse. Philadelphia, Penn.: The Westmin­ Tri-Tabula Co., 1969, unpaged. (Rural Directory section ster Press, 1971, 228 pp. identifies families by church membership.) "Peace Movements in America.” In: American Studies. Uni­ versity of Kansas, Spring 1972, volume xiii, number 1, 210 Atlas of Reno County, Kansas. Containing Maps, Plats of pp. Townships, Alphabetical Rural Directory, Histories of Redekop, John H., editor. Labor Problems in Christian Per­ Churches, etc., Families, Churches and Pictures of Gener­ spective. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans al Interest. Bloomington, Minn.: Tri-Tabula Co., 1970, un­ Publishing Company, 1972, 364 pp. paged. (Rural directory identifies families by church Redekop, John H. Making Political Decisions; a Christian membership: atlas includes brief historical sketches of Perspective. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1972, 46 pp. churches.) (S. F. Coffman Peace Lectures, 1972.) Balhana, Altiva Pilatti, et al. Campos Gerais: Estruturas Sappington, Roger E. "North Carolina and the Non-Resist­ Agrarias. Curitiba: Universidade Federal do Parana, 1968, ant Sects During the American War of Independence.” 268 pp. In: Quaker History, XL, 1971, p. 29-47. Beiler, Edna. Mattie Mae. Abridged edition. Scottdale, Scheible, Heinz, editor. Das Widerstandsrecht als Problem Penn.: Herald Press, 1971, 38 pp. (Amish) dei' deutschen Protestanten 1523-1546. (Texte zur Kirchen Bender, Ross Thomas. The People of God; A Mennonite In­ —und Theologiegeschichte 10.) Guetersloh: Guetersloher terpretation of the Free Church Tradition. Scottdale, Verlagshaus Gerd Mohn, 100 pp. Penn.: Herald Press, 1971, 208 pp. Schmidt, Allen. Experiences of Allen Schmidt During World Bennett, John W. "The Hutterites; a Communal Sect.” In: War I. Hesston, Kansas: Gospel Publishers, 1972, 23 pp. Immigrant Groups, Jean Leonard Elliot, editor. Scar­ Schräge, Wolfgang. Die Christen und der Staat nach dem borough, Ontario: Prentice-Hall of Canada, 1971, p. 15-32. Neuen Testament. Guetersloh: Guetersloher Verlagshaus (Minority Canadians, 2.) Gerd Mohn, 1971, 83 pp. Bennett, John W. Northern Plainsmen; Adaptive Strategy Schwabe, Klaus. Wissenschaft und Kriegsmoral: Die and Agrarian Life. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, deutschen Hochschullehrer und die politischen Grundfra­ 1969, 352 pp. (Includes Hutterites.)

M arch 1973 23 Brechbill, Laban T. History of the Old Order River Breth­ Hamm, Martin. Aus der alten in die neue Heimat; Lebens­ ren. Edited by Myron S. Dietz. Lancaster, Penn.: Brech- geschichte eines schlichten Mennoniten. Winnipeg, Mani­ bill & Strickler, 1972, 239 pp. toba: Christian Press, 1971, 175 pp. Brendle, T. R. and C. W. Unger. Folk Medicine of the Penn­ Harkness, Georgia. Women in Church and Society. Nash­ sylvania Germans; The Non-Occult Cures. New York: ville, Tenn.: Abingdon Press, 1972, 240 pp. Augustus M. Kelly Publishers, 1970, 303 pp. Haxthausen, August von. Studies on the Interior* of Russia. Browning, Clyde. Amish in Illinois Over One Hundred Years Edited by S. Frederick Starr. Transl. by Eleanore L. M. of the “Old Order” Sect of Central Illbiois . . . Decatur, Schmidt. Chicago: University Press of Chicago, 1972. 328 111., 1971, 204 pp. pp. (Incl. Mennonites). Brunk, H. A. History of Mennonites in Virginia. Volume TT Heister, Jesse W. Mattaioana Mennonite Church, 100th An- Verona, Virginia: McClure Publishing Company, 1972, niversary, 1871-1971. Mattawana, Penn.: Mattawana Men­ 592 pp. nonite Church, 1971, 20 pp. Clemens, Lois Gunden. Woman Liberated. Scottdale, Penn.: "Heritage House, Inc." Mountain Lake, Minnesota. Herald Press, 1971, 158 pp. Cobb, Douglas S. ‘‘The Jamesville Bruderhof; a Hutterian Holsopple, Mary J. 1871-1971, Mt. Zion Mennonite Church, Agricultural Colony.” In: Journal of the West. Volume Versailles, Missouri. Versailles, Missouri, 1971, 29 pp. 9, 1970, pp. 60-77. Hopple, C. Lee. “Spatial Development of the Southeastern Cragg, Perry. The Amish; A Photographic Album. Cleve­ Pennsylvania Plain Dutch Community to 1970.” In: Penn­ land, Ohio. 1971. sylvania Folklife, XXI, 2, 1971, pp. 18-40. Cross, Harold E. and Victor A. McKusick. "Amish Demog­ Jeschke, Marlin. Disciplining the Brother; Congregational raphy." In: Social Biology, XVH, 1970, p. 83-101. Discipline According to the Gospel. Scottdale, Penn.: Her­ Drescher, John M. Follow Me; Christian Discvpleship for To­ ald Press, 1972, 200 pp. day. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1971, 175 pp. Klassen, A. J., editor. Consultation on Anabaptist Mennon­ Dyck, Harvey L. and H. Peter Krosby, editors. Empire and ite Theology. Fresno, Calif.: Council of Mennonite Semi­ Nations; Essays in Honour of Frederic H. Soioard. Uni­ naries, 1970, 147 pp. versity of Toronto Press, 1969, 228 pp. (Includes Mennon­ Klassen, Abram J., editor. Introducing the Mennonite Breth­ ites in Russia.) ren Church. Fresno, Calif.: Board of Christian Literature, Dyck, Sylvia Murray. Add One Cossack and Stir . . . The General Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches, Life Story of John John Dyck as Told to Sylvia Murray 1970, 32 pp. Dyck. Philadelphia, Penn.: Dorrance and Co., 1972, 79 pp. Klassen, Isaak. Dem Herrn die Ehre, Schoenwieser Men­ noniten Gemeinde, (1924-1928). Altona, Manitoba: D. W Eine Chronik oder Geschicht-Buechlein von der sogenannten Friesen & Sons Ltd., 1969, 150 pp. Mennonisten Gemeinde zum Dienst Lehre fuer alle Lieb­ Klippenstein, Lawrence, editor. In Quest of Brothers. A haber der Wahrheit, durch die Gnade und Segen Gottes. Yearbook commemorating 25 years of life together in the Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1972, 439 pp. Conference of Mennonites in Manitoba, 1946-1971. Winni­ Elliot, Jean Leonard, editor. Minority Canadians 2; Immi­ peg, Manitoba: Conference of Mennonites in Manitoba, 70 grant Groups. Scarborough, Ontario: Prentice-Hall of Can­ pp. ada Ltd., 1971, 215 pp. (Includes Mennonites.) Kreider, Robert. Where are we Goingt Newton, Kansas: Epp, Frank H. "Mennonites in the Soviet Union.” In: As­ Faith and Life Press, 1971, 34 pp. pects of Religion in the Soviet Union, 1917-1967, edited by Kuhns, Oscar. The German and Swiss Settlements of Colo­ Richard H. Marshall. Chicago, 111.: University Press, 1971, nial Pennsylvania. New York: AMS Press, 1971, 268 pp. pp. 285-299. Laatsch, William G. “Hutterite Colonization in Alberta." The First One Hundred Years, 1870-1970. Bluffton, Indiana: In: Journal of Geography. Chicago, HI., Volume 70, Apostolic Christian Church, 1970, 300 pp. number 6, September 1971, pp. 347-359. The First Hundred Years (As Recorded in the Wichita Eagle Landing, James E. “Amish Migration as a Problem Solving and The Beacon). Wichita, Kansas, 1972, 109 pp. (Refer­ Mechanism." In: The Issues of Our Time; a Community ence to Mennonites.) Perspective, Program Committee, National Council for Freyenberger, Joseph. Comimemoratwe Booklet, Sugar Geographic Education, November, 1971, 9 pp. Creek Mennonite Church, 1871-1971. Wayland, Iowa, 1971, L’onataxanaxa’c soua Jesus lamaaxi’shi; los Hechos de los 40 pp. Apostoles en Toba (Chaco Sur) y Castellano Buenos Funck, Abraham, editor. Twenty-five Jahre Volendam, 19.47- Aires: Sociedad Biblica Argentina, 1970, 178 pp. 1972. Komitee fuer kirchliche Angelegenheiten, 125 pp. Volendam, Paraguay. Kunz, Virginia Brainard. The Germans in America. (The Gehman, Richard. “Where Life Never Changes." In: Modem In America Series.) Minneapolis, Minn.: Lemer Publica­ M aturity, XV, 2, Ap/My 1972, pp. 20-22. (Amish) tions Company, 1971, 86 pp. (Includes Mennonites) Geiser, Samuel. Unsere hevmgegangenen Prediger der letzten Kurokawa, M. “Psycho-Social Roles of Mennonite Children 75 Jahre. Les Fontaines: Mont Tramelan, 1971, 53 pp. m a Changing Society.” In: Canadian Review of Sociology Gelder, B. Van. "Spoor Zoeken in de Bonte Wereld Van arid Anthropology. VI, 1969, pp. 15-35. (Observations of Geloven en Denken.” Amsterdam: J. M. Meulenhoff, 1970, children of three families residing in Waterloo, Ontario.) 217 pp. Lapp, James M., editor and compiler. Principles and Guide­ Gerbrandt, Henry J. Adventure in Faith; The Background lines for Interchurch Relations. Scottdale, Penn.- Men­ in Europe and the Development in Canada of the Berg- nonite General Conference, Interchurch Relations Com­ thaler Mennonite Church of Manitoba. Altona, Manitoba: mittee, 1971, 34 pp. D. W. Friesen and Sons Ltd., 1970, 379 pp. Long, Amos, Jr. The Pennsylvania German Family Farm. Giesbrecht, Herbert. The Mennonite Brethren; a Bibliograph­ Breinigsville, Penn.: The Pennsylvania German Society! ic Guide to Information. Winnipeg, Manitoba: Board of 1972, 518 pp. (Includes Mennonites) Christian Literature, General Conference of Mennonite Mage, Julius and Robert Murdie. "The Mennonites of Brethren Churches, 1971, 17 pp. Waterloo County." In: Canadian Geographical Journal. Gingerich, Orland. The Amish of Canada. Waterloo, Ontario: LXXX, pp. 10-17. Conrad Press, 1972, 244 pp. Martin, Paul M. and Roy M. Martin. A Sower W ent forth to Goertz, Hans-Juergen. Die Mennonvten. (Band VIH in Die Sow . . . New Holland Mennonite Church, March 18, 1922- Welt.) Stuttgart: Evangelisches Verlagswerk, March 18, 1972; 50th Anniversary. New Holland, Penn.: 1971, 286 pp. New Holland Mennonite Church, 1972, 48 pp. Good, Merle. Happy as the Grass was Green. Scottdale, Mennonite Church, General Assembly. Agenda, Mennonite Penn.: Herald Press, 1971, 156 pp. (Encounter with Men­ nonites.) Church, Kitchener 71. Constitutional Assembly, Mennon­ ite General Assembly, August 16-19, 1971, Rockway Men­ Go^g,17e,r^Ri^ d C. “Amish Barn-raising.” In: Pennsylvania nonite School, Kitchener, Ontario. Salunga, Penn.: Study Folkhfe, XXI, Folk Festival Supplement, 1972, pp. 14-18. Commission on Church Organization, 1971, 89 pp. Gräber, J. D One Hundred Years Prairie Street Mennonite Meter, Sondra van. Marion County Kansas Past and Pres­ Church. Elkhart, Ind.: Prairie Street Mennonite Church, ent. Hillsboro, Kansas: Marion County Historical Society. 1971, 24 pp. 1972, 344 pp. Ruth- Freeport Mennonite Church; Pilgrimage to Miller, Clara Bernice. Katie. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press. 1971. Dakota, 111., 1971, 58 pp. 1972, 272 pp. (Amish) Habegger, Luann K. Bonnets and Beards. Berne, Ind.: Fred von Gunten, 1971, 31 pp. Minnich, R. Herbert, Willard Smith and Wilmar Stahl. Men­ nonites in Latin America; An Annotated Bibliography, Hamilton, Dorothy. Settled Furrows. Scottdale, Penn.: Her­ 1912-1971. Reprinted from the Mennonite Quarterly Re­ ald Press, 1972, 144 pp. (Willow Bend Church) view, XLVI, April 1972, pp. 177-235. 24 M ennonite L ife Mook, Maurice A. “The ‘Big Valley' Amish of Central Penn­ Warkentin, Abe. Reflections on our Heritage; A History of sylvania; A Community of Cultural Contrasts." In: L y­ Steinbach and the R. M. of Hanover from 1874. Steinbach, coming College Magazine, XXIV, 5, 1971, pp. 1-5. Manitoba: Derksen Printers, 1971, 371 pp. Mt. Zion Mennonite Church. Versailles, Missouri, 1971. Warner, James A. The Quiet Land. New York: Grossman Publishers, 1970, 168 pp. (Amish) Mueller-Krueber, Theodore. Der Protestantismus in Indone­ sien: Geschichte und Gestalt. Stuttgart: Evangelisches Webb, Guy P. History of Grant County, Oklahoma, 1811- Verlagswerk, 1968, 388 pp. 1970. Grant County Historical Society, 1971, 268 pp. Norris, John. Strangers Entertained; A History of the Eth­ Wenger, J. C. The Christian Faith; Glimpses of Church nic Groups of British Columbia. Vancouver, British Colum­ Histoiy. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1971, 116 pp. bia: Evergreen Press Limited, 1971, 254 pp. Wenger, J. C. Hans H en\ Lancaster, Penn.: Lancaster Mennonite Historical Society, 1970, 12 pp. Poettcker, Henry and Rudy A. Regehr. Call to Faithfulness; Whitmer, Paul E. The Autobiography of Paul E. Whitmer. Essays in Canadian Mennonite Studies. Winnipeg, Mani­ Xerox copies by the Whitmer family, 1972, 170 pp. toba: Canadian Mennonite Bible College, 1972, 222 pp. Zablocki, Benjamin. The Joyful Community. An account of Prüden, E. L., C. E. Jakson and I. M. Kahr. “Cw (Rhw) the Bruderhof—a communal movement now in its third Inheritance in an Amish Isolate." In: American Journal of generation. Baltimore, Maryland: Penguin Books Inc., Medical Technology, XXXVI, 1970. 1971, 362 pp. Rainbow Boulevard Mennonite Church, Kansas City, Kan­ sas. "On Becoming and A Thanksgiving Celebration." Edited by Lyle Preheim and Lauren Friesen. Newton, IV. Education, Service and Outreach Kansas: Faith and Life Press, 1972, 20 pp. Ratzlaff, Erich L. Im Weichselbogen; Mennonitensiedlungen Augsburger, David W. Communicating Good News. Scott­ in Zentralpolen. Winnipeg, Manitoba: Christian Press, dale, Penn.: Mennonite Publishing House; Newton, Kan­ 1971, 206 pp. sas: Faith and Life Press, 1972, 110 pp. (Leader’s Guide.) Redekop, Calvin. The Free Church and Seductive Culture. Bauman, Harold Einest. The Believers’ Church and the Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1970, 189 pp. Church College. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms (Xerox Reed, Wilhelmus. Comenius and the Loio Countries: Some Copy), 1972. 233 pp. Aspects of Life and Work of a Czech Exile in the Seven­ Bender, Ross. The People of God. Report of a Study Project teenth Century. Amsterdam: Van Gendt and Company; to Develop a Model for Theological Education in the Free Praha: Academia; New York: Abner Schram, 1970, 275 Church Tradition. . . Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, pp. 1971, 208 pp. Regehr, Walter, editor. 25 Jahre Kolonie Neuland Chaco, Bumsted, J. M., editor. The Great Awakening: The Be­ Paraguay, 1947-1972. Kolonie Neuland, Paraguay, 152 pp. ginnings of Evangelical Pietism in America. Waltham, Mass.: Blaisdell Publishing Company, 1970, 180 pp. Reports of Study Commissions on the Nature and Function Canadian Mennonite Bible College, Winnipeg, Manitoba. of the Church of the Brethren. Manchester College, North “Zacchaeus." Edited by Lyle Preheim and Lauren Friesen. Manchester, Indiana, 1960. Newton, Kansas: Faith and Life Press, 1972, 12 pp. Roberts, Ron E. The New Communes; Coming Together Duerksen, Christina (Harder). Come With Me. Newton, in America. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice- Kansas: Commission on Overseas Mission, Faith and Life Hall, Inc., 1971, 144 pp. Press, 1971, 88 pp. Roemmich, Heinrich. "Evangelische Gemeinden in Russland Eby, Omar. How Full the River. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald nach einem halben Jahr hundert Sowjetherrschaft.” In: Press, 1972, 159 pp. (Teaching in Africa.) Kirche im Osten, XIV, 1971, pp. 135-161. Rowdon, Harold H. The Origins of the Brethren, 1825-1850. Erickson, Donald A. Public Controls for Nonpublic Schools. London: Pickering and Inglis, Ltd., 1967, 323 pp. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1969, 242 pp. Rowland, Florence Wightman. Amish Boy. New York: G. Fairfield, James, editor. Probe for an Evangelism that P. Putnam’s Sons, 1970, 45 pp. Cares. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1972, 159 pp. Rowland, Florence Wightman. Amish Wedding. New York: Fast, Aganetha. The Poiver of Chrisfs Love in China. New­ G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1971, 60 pp. ton, Kansas: Faith and Life Press, 1972, 134 pp. Ruth, Merle. The Mennonite Rationale for Church Dis­ cipline. Harrisonburg, Va.: Sivord and Trumpet, 1971, 11 Hertzler, Daniel, Daniel Augsburger, et al. Mennonite Edu­ pp. (Offprint from: Sword and Trumpet, Jan.-Mar., 1969.) cation; Why and How? A Philosophy of Education for Sachse, Julius Friedrich. The Geiman Sectarians of Penn­ the Mennonite Church. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, sylvania (2 vols.). New York: AMS Press, 1971, 506 pp. 1971, 71 pp. and 535 pp. Hostetler, John A. and Gertrude Enders Huntington. Chil­ Salisbury, Ruth, editor. Pennsylvania Newspapers; a Bibli­ dren in Amish Society; Socialization and Community Edu­ ography and Union List. Pittsburgh: Pennsylvania Library cation. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., Association, 1969, 179 pp. 1971, 119 pp. (Case Studies in Education and Culture.) Sauder, Dorothy. Trail’s End—the Oxbow. Bloomingdale, Keidel, Levi. Stop Treating me like God. Carol Stream, 111.: Ontario: Bloomingdale Mennonite Church, 1972, 18 pp. Creation House, 1971, 223 pp. Sawatzky, Harry Leonard. They Sought a Country; Men­ Kraus, C. Norman. The Healing Christ; Social Services nonite Colonization in Mexico. Berkeley: University of and the Evangelical Mission. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald California Press, 1971, 387 pp. Press, 1972, 63 pp. (Mission Forum Series.) Scheer, Herfried. “Research on the Hutterian German Kreider, Carl. Care One for Another; Mutual Aid in the Dialect.” In: Canadian Ethnic Studies. Calgary, Volume Congregation. Scottdale, Penn.: Mennonite Publishing 1, December 1969, pp. 13-20. House, 1972, 72 pp. Stucky, Peter. Mennonite Churches in Latin America Kreider, Carl. Helping Developing Countries. Scottdale, (Adult Leader’s Guide). Newton, Kansas: Faith and Life Penn.: Herald Press, 1968, 47 pp. Press, 1971, 62 pp. Kurokawa, Minako. “Mennonite Children in Waterloo Coun­ Stumpp, Karl. The Emigration from Germany to Russia ty.” In: Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, in the years 1763 to 1862. Tuebingen: Published by the 1969; reprinted in Native Peoples, edited by Jean Leonard author, 1972, 1018 pp. Unruh, John D. As I Recall. Freeman, South Dakota: Pine Elliot; Minority Canadians. Scarborough, Ontario: Hill Press, 1971, 61 pp. Prentice-Hall of Canada, 1971, v. 2, pp. 33-46. Seguy, Jean. Utopie Cooperative et Oecumenisme. Pieter Lapp, John Allen. The Mennonite Church in India, 1897- Cornelisz Ploclchoy van Zurik-Zee 1620-1700. Paris: 1962. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1972, 278 pp. Mouton, 1968, 244 pp. Lapp, John Allen. The Symbolism of a Library; Dedication Thomas, BUI. “Amishville U.S.A." In: Travel, CXXXIV, 4, Address, October 23, 1971. Harrisonburg, Va.: Eastern 1970, pp. 46-51. Mennonite College, 1972, 16 pp. Toews, John B. Ein Vaterland verloren; die Geschichte der Lederach, Paul M. 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M arch 1973 25 Loewen, Melvin J. Three Score. Elkhart, Ind.: Congo In­ land Mission, 1972, 182 pp. V. Fine Arts and Language Loganbill, Shirley. Mennonite Churches in Latin America; A Guide for Teachers of Primary, Junior, and Junior Ausbund, Das ist: Etliche schoene Christliche Lieder. High Children in the Study of Mennonite Churches in Germantown 1742, Reprint, Amsterdam: Frits Knuf; Latin America. Lesson Planners: Esther Goves, et al. Nieuwkoop: B. de Graaf, 1972. (Mennonite Songbooks, Newton, Kansas: Faith and Life Press; Scottdale, Penn.: American Series, Volume I.) Mennonite Publishing House, 1971, 40 pp. Christliches Gemuetsgespraech vom seligmachenden Glau­ ben fuer die Jugend in Fragen und Antworten. Scottdale, Martens, Phyllis. The Mustard Tree; The Story of Men­ Penn.: Mennonite Publishing House, 1972, 336 pp. nonite Brethren Missions. Fresno, Calif.: Mennonite Brethren Boards of Christian Education in cooperation Dyck, Arnold. Cawp en Buea fowaren now Toronto. Edited with the Board of Missions/Services, 1971, 213 pp. and transliterated by James R. Jaquith. Edwardsville, Martin, Ernest D. Off to a Good Start. Scottdale, Penn.: 111., 1972, 84 pp. Mennonite Publishing House, 1971, 63 pp. Daes, Nelly. Woelfe und Sonnenblumen. Baden-Baden, Martin, Ernest D. Preparing for Clmrch Membership; the Germany: Signal-Verlag, 1969, 172 pp. (Russia and Ger­ Leader’s Guide. Scottdale, Penn.: Mennonite Publishing many after World War H) House, 1971, 104 pp. Epp, Reuben. Plautdietsche Schreftsteckja. Steinbach, Mani­ Martin, John D., editor. Christopher Dock; Pioneer Chris­ toba: Derksen Printers, 1972, 116 pp. tum Schoolmaster on the Skippack. Harrisonburg, Vir­ Groenveld, S. Muziek by het Lam; Orgels, Organisten en ginia: Christian Light Publications, 1971, 61 pp. Orgelmuziek in de Doopsgezinde Singelkerk te Amster­ Marty, Martin E. Righteous Empire: The Protestant Ex­ dam; with an English Summary. Amsterdam: Verenigde perience in Amei'ica. New York: Dial Press, 1970, 295 pp. Doopsgezinde Gemeente, 1970, 99 pp. Han, Nathan E., compiler. A Parsing Guide to the Greek Mennonite Advertising Agency, Harrisonburg, Va. Report New Testament. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1971 of Family Life Television Spots—Series II, 1970. Partic­ 479 pp. ' ipating Gi'oups: General Conference Mennonite Church, Harder, Geraldine Gross. When Apples are Ripe; The Story Mennonite Brethren Churches (USA), (Old) Mennonite of Clayton Kratz. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1971, Church. Harrisonburg, Va., 1970, 77 pp. 223 pp. Mennonite Brethren Church. Worship Hymnal Fresno, Horst, Mary Ann. Pennsylvania Dutch Fun, Folklore and Calif.: General Conference of the Mennonite Brethren Cooking. Kitchener, Ontario: Pennsylvania Dutch Craft Churches, 1971, 671 pp. Shop,n. d., 63 pp. Mennonite Children's Home Auxiliary, Kansas City, Kansas. Joris, David. Een Geestelijk Liedt-BoecxJcen. Reprint, Happiness Is. . . Kansas City, Kansas, 1971, 81 pp. Amsterdam: Frits Knuf; Nieuwkoop: B. de Graaf, 1971. Mennonite Mental Health Services. Papers and Responses (Mennonite Songbooks, Dutch Series, Volume I.) Presented at the Twenty-fifth Anniversary Program at Mierau, Eric. “A Descriptive Grammar of Ukranian Low Brook Lane Psychiatric Center, October 1 and 2, 1971. German.” Indiana University, Bloomington, 1965. (Micro­ Fresno, Calif., 1971, 75 pp. film in Fresno.) Miller, Levi, editor. The Family in Today’s Society. Scott­ Wiebe, Rudy. The Blue Mountains of China. Grand Rapids, dale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1971, 107 pp. Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 1970, 227 pp. (Mennon­ Nohl, Frederick. The Christian Elementary School Edu­ ites) cates the Whole Child. Harrisonburg, Va., Adapted and distributed by Christian Light Publications, 1971, 10 pp. Pauls, Peter. "Gleiche Bildungschancen auch fuer das VI. Family History and Cooking Favelakind; Aus der Schulpraxis der Mennonitensiedlung in Witmarsum/Brasilien.” In: Institut fuer Auslandsbe­ Amstutz, Evelyn Jane. Additions and Corrections, Ben­ ziehungen. Zeitschrift fuer Kulturaustausch, XXI, 3, 1971, jamin Amstutz Family Record, 1966-1971. Goshen, Ind., pp. 28-30. 1971, 12 pp. Peachey, J. Lome, editor. More Songs to be Sung. Scott­ Bethel College Mennonite Church, North Newton, Kansas. dale, Penn.: Herald Press; Newton, Kansas: Faith and “Peter's Denial.” Edited by Lyle Preheim and Lauren Life Press, 1971, 32 pp. Friesen. Newton, Kansas: Faith and Life Press, 1972, Preheim, Vern. A Collection of Writings by Mennonites on 18 pp. Southern Africa. N. p., 1972. 82 pp. Boeckner, Mrs. D. G., et al, compilers. Christian Home Raid, Howard. Care for One Another; Mutual Aid in the Cook Book; favorite family recipes contributed by various Congregation. Newton, Kansas: Faith and Life Press, persons from Canada, United States and Mexico. Hess- 1972, 48 pp. ton, Kansas: Gospel Publishers, 1970, 399 pp. Ramseyer, R. L. "The Christian Role in Creating a Human Brentz, Wilma. Christian Schertz Genealogy and History, Society." In: Major Papers and Critiques Presented at 1815-1971; Family Tree. Farmington, 111., 1971, 84 pp. the Thirteenth Hayama Missio7iary Seminar; "The Man­ Brown, Peter. The Brauns of Ostenoiclc. Published by the date of the Gospel to Technological Society"; Amagi author, Steinbach, Manitoba, 1972, 308 pp. Sanso, 5-7 January 1972. Compiling editor: Carl C. Beck. Canadian Mennonite Cookbook. Altona, Manitoba: D. W. Tokyo, 1972, pp. 65-79. Friesen & Sons Ltd., 1971, 14th printing, 164 pp. Redekop, Calvin. The Ministry of Mutual Encouragement. Chronik der Familie Hege. Heft 2, 53 pp. and 16 pp., Ap­ Cincinnati, Monthly Meeting of the Religious Society of pendix. Karlsruhe, 1970. Friends, 1971, 14 pp. (Shared Ministry Lectures) Claassen, Jacob and Anna Claassen. In the Name of the Redekop, Calvin. “Pastor and Congregation in Community Triune God—Something of the Experiences of our dear Involvement.” In: Quaker Life, XI, 1970, pp. 48-49. Parents of us, and various memories. November 1930, 20 pp. Rieman, T. Wayne, et al. The Christian and Campus Fer- ™ent; A Series in Chapels and Convocations at Goshen Coblentz, Amanda (Sommers) (Mrs. Mose E. Coblentz). College, May 28 - June 3, 1970. Goshen, Indiana, 1970, Descendants of David C. Troyer and Lydia Speicher 20 pp. 1870-1971. Hartville, Ohio, 1971, 76 pp. Royer, Katherine. Happy Times with Nursery Children at Home avid Church. A Guide for Parents and Sunday- Crockett, Richard, editor. Herald Summer Bible School school Teachers of Nursery Children Who Will Enter Songboolc. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1971, 63 pp. First Grade in Three Years. Scottdale, Penn.: Mennon­ Cross,. Harold E. Index to Selected Amish Genealogies. ite Publishing House; Newton, Kansas: Faith and Life Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University School Press, 1971, 200 pp. of Medicine, 1970, 400 pp. The Dunkard-Dutch Cook Book. Lebanon, Penn.: Applied U. S. Supreme Court. The Amish School Decision. Full text Arts Publishers, 1965, 42 pp. of the U. S. Supreme Court’s decision in Wisconsin vs. Ebel, Ethel Hiebert. The Family of Abraham Eitzen 1830- Yoder, together with dissenting and concurring opinions 1969. Hillsboro, Kansas. 114 pp. and footnotes. Washington, D. C., 1972, 12 pp. Egeland, Janice A., editor. Descendants of Christian Fisher Wenger, J. C., et al. The Story and Witness of the Chris­ and other Amish-Mennonite Pioneer Families. Baltimore- tum, Way. A Resource Book for Youth and Adults Pre­ Moore Clinic, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1972, 605 pp. paring for Church Membership. Scottdale, Penn.: Men­ Epp, Helen. A Treasury of Cookie Recipes. N. p., 1970, 224 nonite Publishing House, 1971, 128 pp. pp. 26 M ennonite L ife Evvert, Mr. and Mrs. David M., Mr. and Mrs. Russell Witmer, Marion E. The Christian S. Witmer, Jr., Family Goertzen, Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Harder, Mr. and Mrs. Histoi-y and Genealogy, circa 1730-1971. Huntingdon, Ind.: David Baerg, compilers. The Gerhard Baerg Family from United Brethren Publishing Establishment, 1971, 83 pp. the Village of Marienthal, South Russia to America, Ziegler, Gertrude (Mohlin). The Ziegler Family and Re­ 1793-1972. 1972, 39 pp. lated Families in Pennsylvania. Zelienople, Penn.: Charles Faculty Ladies. Favorite Family Recipes from Eastern Campbell Printing Company, 1970, 448 pp. Mennonite College. Harrisonburg, Virginia: Eastern Men- nonite College, 1972, 385 cards. Farmwald, Susie and Jacob Miller. Family History of Jacob Farmwald, 1837-1970. Elkhart, Ind., 1971, 106 pp. VII. Mennonite Writers and Publishers Fleming, Peter P. The Christian Gottlieb Herrfort Family. N. p., 1971, 158 pp. Augsburger, David. Man, Am I Uptight! Chicago: Moody Garber, Dean K. Ancestors of Jacob and Esther Garber and Press, 1970, 122 pp. Their Descendants. Goshen, Ind., 1970, 383 pp. Augsburger, David W. Seventy Times Seven; the Freedom Gingerich, Mary A. Cemetery Directory of Amish and Men- of Forgiveness. Chicago: Moody Press, 1970, 128 pp. nonites in Iowa, Johnson and Washington Counties of Augsburger, Myron S. The Expanded Life. Nashville, Tenn.: Iowa. Kalona, Iowa, 1972, 279 pp. Abingdon Press, 1972, 127 pp. Hirschler, Paul and Olga. Peter Sr. and Katharina Weber Bauman, Clarence. Manifestations of the Spirit of God. Families. A genealogical Report of the direct blood line Or: "Charismatic Movement." Elkhart, Ind., 1971, 18 pp. descendants of Peter Sr. and Katharina, nee Schowalter, Brenneman, Helen (Good). The House by the Side of the Weber 1806-1970. August, 1972. 123 pp. Road. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1971, 200 pp. Janzen, Mary Dirks. My Memories. N.d., n.p., 28 pp. Brunk, George R., editor. Encounter with the Holy Spirit. The John Harder Family Tree. 31 pp. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1972, 244 pp. Kauffman, Margaret and Vera Stutzman. Family History Brunk, Menno J. Fulfilled Prophecies. Crockett, Ky.: Rod of Daniel J. Johns, n. p., 1972, 19 pp. and Staff Publishers, 1971, 160 pp. The Lancaster County Farm Cook Book. A Collection of Charles, Howard H. Fifty Days. Seven study guides for nearly three hundred popular recipes gathered from weekly use between April 3 and May 21, 1972. Goshen, Amish, Mennonite and Gay Pennsylvania farm families Ind.: Goshen College, 1972, 9 pp. of Lancaster County, Lebanon, Penn.: Applied Arts Pub­ Charles, Howard H. Why Study the New Testament. Elk­ lishers, 1972, 42 pp. ~" hart, Ind.: Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminaries, Loewen, Solomon Leppke, editor. The Heinrich Lepplce 1971, 12 pp. Family. Published by Rosella Leppka-Sirotiak and others, Culp, G. Richard. Bible Studies in Prophecy; A Fresh Ex­ Hillsboro, Kansas, 1972, 136 pp. amination of the Major Passages of Scripture on Miller, Ella May. Ella May’s Favorite Recipes for Heart Eschatology. Seymour, Missouri: Historical Mennonite and Hearth. Chicago: Moody Press, 1971, 128 pp. Faith Publishers, 1971, 312 pp. Miller, Enos H. and Ada (Glick) Miller. Family Record of Drescher, John M. In Grief’s Lone Hour. Scottdale, Penn.: Christian J. Miller and Barbara A. Bontrager. Kalona, Herald Press, 1971, 16 pp. Iowa, 1972, 66 pp. Drescher, John M. May Your Marriage be a Happy One. Miller, Oscar. Descendants of Henry Schrock and Barbara Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1971, 16 pp. Miller from the Year 1807-1971. Berlin, Ohio, 1971, 121 Drescher, John M. Suffei'ing and God’s Presence. Scottdale, pp. Penn.: Herald Press, 1971, 16 pp. Miller, Yost H. and Mrs. Yost H. Miller. Descendants of Dyck, H. J. Messages for the Heart; Devotional Messages. Elias A. Weaver. . . Gordonville, Penn.: Gordonville Print Newton, Kansas: Printed for Dorothea J. Dyck, 1972. Shop, 1971, 128 pp. Epp, Margaret. The Call of the Wahoa; and Other Stories. Neufeld, John T. and Jacob C. Fast, compilers. The Family Chicago: Moody Press, 1971, 127 pp. (Moody Pre-Teen of Abraham and Elizabeth Klassen Wiens. 1970, 67 pp. Books) Plank, Isa Ruth. Descendants of Isaac J. Plank. Lyons, Kan­ Epp, Margaret. The Great Frederick; and Other Stories. sas, 1971, 100 pp. Chicago: Moody Press, 1971, 127 pp. Raber, Elizabeth J. Life’s Journey. Gordonville, Penn.: Gor­ Epp, Margaret. The Princess Rides a Panther. Chicago: donville Print Shop, 1971, 241 pp. Moody Press, 1970, 128 pp. Raid, Howard D. The Mennonite Family - Daniel Koller, Epp, Margaret. Runaivay at the Running K. Chicago: Switzeidand-Pfalz-United States. Burlington, Iowa: Raid Moody Press, 1972, 190 pp. Brothers Construction Company, 1970. Gerlach, Horst. Nightmare in Red. Carol Stream, 111.: Crea­ Rempel, David D. Family Chronicle. H vols. (First in Ger­ tion House, 1970, 239 pp. man) Saskatoon, Sask.: Author, 1969 I, 112 pp. 1970 II, Friesen, Lauren. The Fallow Fields. Goshen, Ind.: Pinch- 500 pp. Penny Press, 1971, 27 pp. Schertz, Mrs. Harold. Joseph (1827-191Jf) and Peter (1833- Hamilton, Dorothy. Anita. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1911) Schertz; two Sons of Joseph Schertz, 1800-1895. 1971, 96 pp. Saybrook, 111., 1971, 61 pp. Hamilton, Dorothy. Charco. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, Shaw, Laverna (Penner) and James W. Shaw, Jr. The 1971, 126 pp. Penner Genealogy, Beginning with Jacob Penner; Ap­ Hamilton, Dorothy. Christmas for Holly. Scottdale, Penn.: proximately 1777-1971. North Newton, Kansas: Men­ Herald Press, 1971, 110 pp. nonite Press, 1971, 68 pp. Hamilton, Dorothy. Jim Musco. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Showalter, Mary Emma. Favorite Family Recipes from the Press, 1972, 94 pp. Mennonite Community Cookbook. Scottdale, Penn.: Her­ Hamilton, Dorothy. Kei'ry. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, ald Press, 1972, 127 pp. 1973, 112 pp. Stucky, Harley J., compiler. The Joshua P. Stucky Family Hamilton, Dorothy. The Killdeer. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Record, 1855-1972. North Newton, Kansas: Mennonite Press, 1971, 149 pp. Press, 1972, 59 pp. Hiebert, D. Edmond. The Thessalonian Epistles; a Call to Stauffer, Helmut. Die Geschichte der Familie Stauffer- Readiness; a Commentary. Chicago: Moody Press, 1971, Bölanderhof mit ihren Seitenlinien. Kirchheimbolanden, 383 pp. 1971, 283 pp. Hiebert, D. Edmond. Wayside Wells for the Tested and Swope, Wilmer D., compiler. The Genealogical History of Tried. Chicago: Moody Press, 1972, 48 pp. the Stoltzfus Family in America, 1717-1972; Containing Jacobs, Donald R. Demons; an Examination of Demons at in Particular the Register of the Descendants and Fam­ Work in the World Today. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald ily of Ammon Esh Stoltzfus, 1872-1965. Seymour, Mis­ Press, 1972, 55 pp. (Focal Pamphlet, No. 22; John F. souri; Edgewood Press, 1972, 55 pp. Funk Lecture, 1972.) Thayer, Ruth V. Eicher Genealogy, 17 -196J,, with Additions Kauffman, Christmas Carol. Not Regina. Chicago: Moody Each Year. Bad Axe, Michigan, 1971, 148 pp. Press, 1971, 232 pp. (Moody Giant) Vogt, Vella K. Genealogy Record of the Andrew and Anna Kauffman, Christmas Carol. One Bolt’s Battle. Aylmer, On­ Plenert Schroeder Family. Valley Center, Kansas, 1970, tario: Pathway Publishing Corporation, 1971, 186 pp. 22 pp. Kaufman, Edmund G. Basic Christian Convictions. North Vogt, Vella K. Genealogy Record of the Anton and Maria Newton, Kansas: Bethel College, 1972, 338 pp. Nickel Knak Family. Valley Center, Kansas, 1969, 21 pp. Kaufman, Gordon D. God the Problem. Cambridge, Mass.: Vogt, Vella K. Genealogy Record of the Christian and Harvard University Press, 1972, 276 pp. Freni Waltner and Lena Waltner Albrecht (Albright) Kaufman, Gordon D. "What Shall We Do With the Bible?” Families. Valley Center, Kansas, 1971, 51 pp. In: Intei-pi-etation, XXV. 1971, pp. 95-112.

M arch 1973 27 King, Harley, editor. Thirteen Poets; an anthology of stu­ A. D. Harrisonburg, Virginia: Christian Light Publica­ dent poetry. Goshen, Ind.: Pinch Penny Press, 1971, 61 pp. tions, 1971, 162 pp. Komelsen, Heinrich H. Der Schatz und die Perle. Yarrow, Stoll, Elmo. One-way Street. Aylmer, Ontario: LaGrange, British Columbia: Columbia Press, 1972, 124 pp. Ind.: Pathway Publishers, 1972, 301 pp. Lehman, Chester K. Biblical Theology. Vol. 1, Old Testa­ Stoll, Joseph, David Luthy and Elmo Stoll, editors. Our ment. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1971, 480 pp. Heritage. 2nd Printing. Aylmer, Ontario; LaGrange, Ind.: Lehman, Chester K. The Fulfillment of Prophecy. Rev. ed. Pathway Publishing Corporation, 1971, 476 pp. (Pathway Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1971, 64 pp. Reading Series, 8th Grade.) Lehn, Cornelia. God Keeps His Promise; a Bible Story Book Stoll, Joseph, David Luthy and Elmo Stoll, editors. Seeking for Kindergarten Children. Newton, Kansas: Faith and Time Values. 2nd printing. Aylmer, Ontario: Pathway Life Press; Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1970, 192 pp. Publishing Corporation, 1971, 462 pp. (Pathway Reading Lind, Millard C. Biblical Foundations for Christian Wor­ Series, 7th Grade.) ship. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1973, 61 pp. Stoll, Joseph, David Luthy and Elmo Stoll, editors. Step by Lind, Miriam (Sieber). “No Crying He Makes. . Scott­ Step. 2nd Printing. Aylmer, Ontario: Pathway Publishing dale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1972, 93 pp. Corporation, 1971, 413 pp. Stoll, Joseph, David Luthy and Elmo Stoll, editors. Think­ Miller, John W. Judgment and Hope; eight plays from the ing of Others. 2nd Printing. Aylmer, Ontario: Pathway lives of Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Haggai, and Zechariah. Scott­ Publishing Corporation, 1971, 414 pp. dale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1972, 47 pp. Vogt, Esther (Loewen). Ann. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald No Empty Seal. Aylmer, Ontario: Pathway Publishers, Press, 1971, 198 pp. 1972, 122 pp. Vogt, Esther (Loewen), and Paul D. Miller. I’U Walk Again. Oyer, Mary, editor. Festival of the Holy Spirit Song Book. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1972, 199 pp. Goshen, Ind.: Goshen College, 1972, 144 pp. Wall, Martha. In Crossfire of Hate. Chicago: Moody Press Rae, Mary Joyce. Empty Aims. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald 1970, 288 pp. Press, 1971, 16 pp. Weaver, Sarah M. Beyond the Past. Aylmer, Ontario; La- Rosen, Moishe, et al. Jesus Broadsides. Art by Steffi. Grange, Ind.: Pathway Publishing Corporation, 1972, 382 Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1972. pp. Schisler, Barbara (Esch). Reprieve. Goshen, Ind.: Pinch- Winger, Orpha. Broken Barriers. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Penny Press, 1970, 30 pp. Press, 1971, 184 pp. Shank, David A. His Spirit First; with Response by Wil­ Witmer, Dallas. The Realm of Darkness. Crockett, Ky.: bert R. Shenk. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1971, 65 Rod and Staff Publishers, 1971, 27 pp. pp. Wolgemuth, Sam. Escape to Slavery. Chicago: Moody Press, Shetler, Sanford G. Paxil’s Letter to the Corinthians, 55 1972, 32 pp.

F ~ \ Books In Review

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called revolution is only 'the transfer of power from one Liberation Ethics group to another rather 'than the achieving of a basic change. John M. Swomley, Jr. Liberation Ethics. N.Y.: The Mac­ The treatment of revolution and violence is one of the more millan Co. 1972. 242 pp. (Ppbk) $1.95. interesting parts of the book. The fifth chapter traces the impact of violence on revo­ Swomley has proposed an approach to ethics that is con­ lution. He examines and disagrees with several general con­ cerned with freeing men. Differing from other approaches, clusions about the necessity and impact of violence on revolu­ Swomley is concerned both with the end result of ethical tion. He uses the Russian, Chinese and Algerian revolutions action but also with the process. Thus he refers to it as as samples to support his arguments. “Liberation Ethics.” In the sixth chapter a more detailed examination of the The first chapter deals largely with definitions. His de­ Cuban Revolution is given. Swomley concludes that the suc­ lineation of a just revolution practically eliminates the pos­ cess of the revolution supports the assumption that the disin­ sibility of a just war. The second chapter contrasts liberation tegration of the consent of the governed was the real reason ethics with other types. The contrast with situation ethics is for change, not the guerilla actions or military successes of particularly good, pointing up several weaknesses in the ap­ Castro and his colleagues. proach. In chapter nine Swomley proposes five reasons for reject­ In the third chapter both overt and covert violence are ing violence as opposed to non-violence for revolution. In this analyzed. The position is illustrated in the cases of conscrip­ chapter he makes his most positive contribution to nonvio­ tion, racial segregation, and poverty. He then asserts that "It lence as the proper means for liberation ethics. The positive is essential to recognize that in a complex society, systems definition of nonviolence on p. 172 is especially useful. rather than individuals are the root of oppression” (p. 41). The final chapter is devoted to conclusions. It is in this chapter that Swomley’s Christian orientation is most evident. In the fourth chapter he looks at revolution. He tries to It is summed up in the following phrases, “The outlining of define revolution so as to deny that it must necessarily be concepts such as repentance, reconciliation, nonviolent strug­ violent. He thinks that the identification of revolution with gle, and the willingness to suffer. . .” (p. 229). Here he ac­ violence and upheaval has misled people. He tries to correct knowledges that it takes Christian character to carry out the nation that the American Revolution was truly revolu­ revolution by nonviolent means. tionary. He does so in charging that too frequently what is Swomley’s book is of interest not only for his ethical 28 M ennonite L ife principles but also for the astute analysis of ideals held up the 20’s on the Bruderhof. A rather detailed story of the by some for the necessity of violence to achieve social justice. visit of Eberhard Arnold to America, where he spent a His case for nonviolence even in instances that seem to year with the Hutterian Bruderhofs and was ordained by many to justify violence is helpful. The book should be of them, is told. The constant struggle for finances and how interest to those concerned about revolutionary social change, simply the people lived is another facet of the story. justice, and peace. The rise of Hitler presented another problem which Bethel College William Keeney meant first sending children to Switzerland, then men of draft age, and forming a new Bruderhof in Lichtenstein and later in England where the whole group finally was A Study in Repression forced to flee. The story ends with the group finally going Leona Rostenberg. The Minority Press & The English to Paraguay as the war began. By this time Eberhard Crown: A Study in Repression, 1558-1625. Nieuwkoop: B. Arnold had died. De Graaf, 1971. 263 pp. In our day, when intentional communities have been popping up in many many places—and collapsing with The significance of the printed word in persecuted reli­ equal rapidity, this Story becomes of current interest. For gious movements is surveyed in this recent book. By the “mi­ communal living is no escape or solution, it is fraught with nority press” is meant the printing activities of the minority its own problems—and rewards. One article, entitled "Sun­ religions of 16th and 17th century England, Catholicism and rise Hill—Post Mortem,” assesses the reason at least for Puritanism. Both of these extremist movements, which dis­ the collapse of that particular experiment in communal sented from the official Anglican Church, lived precarious living as follows: “The ‘love’ we founded the Sunrise lives— Catholics more than Puritans—and so relied much Hill venture upon was bound to fail. W hat then did we upon printed books and circulating them by every way pos­ have to back up that love, to help it through difficult sible as the means of keeping the movement going. W ith offi­ times? Very little indeed. The whole community project cial doors closed to them, the dissenting parties were forced was founded upon that emotional strength of ‘love’ and to rely upon secret underground printers at borne and foreign if that collapsed the entire thing had to come down in presses, primarily in the Low Countries. Catholics operated a deafening roar. As it did. W e had conjured up a propos­ out of Flanders and such Catholic places, and Puritans often ed heaven for ourselves but it took angels to live in it, went to Dutch printers or to English printers in Dutch exile. and we surely weren’t such. W e had taxed our love and The largest treatment related the history of Catholic printing faith and good intent and ability to change ourselves to in Elizabethan and Jacobean times; the last three chapters the breaking point. Since there was nothing else for the relate to 'the Puritan press. The book gives an informative roof to be supported by, the whole house fell in.” survey of its subject, using printed sources. One inaccuracy occurs in the last chapter where William Ames, John Dod, In a study I once made of American utopian com­ David Calderwood, and Thomas Cartwright are listed as munities, one thing became very clear. Those communities Separatists. that even had a chance of lasting were those that had a profound religious commitment beyond themselves as their Bethel College Keith Sprunger base. Love in itself is too fragile and human. A profound sense of God’s Land guiding and upholding, which transcends Bruderhof Beginnings the human institution and condition, is essential. And even with this the human struggle of the community is fraught Arnold, Emmy. Torches Together; The Beginnings and with much pain along with the joys and victories. Early Years of the Bruderhof Communities. Second edition. Some of this is portrayed in this story. For anyone Rifton, N. Y .: Plough Publishing House, 231 pp. Illustrat­ interested in intentional community it is a book of value ed. 1971. $4.95. and interest. One need only study the utopian societies formed in N orth N ewton, Kan. Esko Loewen this country from the colonial period through the 19th century to see that one of the most familiar features of communal life is its early demise. Oneida Community and Riedemann on Separation New Harmony are two of hundreds that at one time Robert Charles Holland, The Hermeneutics of Peter Riede- existed and now are no more. Here is an account of a contemporary communal society that has survived for over mann (1506-1556) : W ith Reference to I Cor. 5, 9-13 and I I Cor. 6, 14-7, 1. Basel: Friedrich Reinhardt Kommissions 50 years. The fact it still is in existence makes it very unique in a day when once again communal living has be­ verlag. 1970. Pp. 185. come attractive. This dissertation, submitted to the theological faculty of Emmy Arnold’s story begins with Germany before the University of Basel in 1967, begins with an exegetical World W ar I. It traces Eberhard Arnold’s Spiritual pil­ study of the two passages from Corinthians that deal with grimage and her own and how in 1920 the Bruderhof was the idea of separation. The rest of the volume is a considera­ first established, out of what circumstances it came in the tion of Peter Riedemann’s passages that deal with the same deeply demoralized post-war Germany, why this was at­ idea, basically limited, however, to the two Corinthian pas­ tractive, how the first people came to the Bruderhof, how sages on separation. To this extent, the volume does not pur­ the first H of at Sannerz was established. port to be an interpretation of the complete Riedemann, not Then, the story goes on giving a personal account of even of the complete Riedemann position on the separation of developments, the struggles, the varied people who came, the church from the world. For Holland does not discuss the effects of the economy and low German morale during Riedemann’s position on nonconformity and the people of

M arch 1973 29 God in terms of Riedemann’s own biblical frame of reference. In fact it is not even assumed as being a legitimate interpre­ Dutch Reformed Archives tation. One other aspect easily recognized afttr a casual brows­ De Archicven van de Nederlandse Hervorrnde Kerk in horte ing through the work, is how John Calvin’s biblical inter­ overzichten, ed. by De Commissie voor de Archieven van de pretation of the idea of separation is accepted as being exe- Nederlandse Hervorrnde Kerk, Deel I. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1960, 255 pp. getically sound. Riedemann is consequently judged in light of Calvin, directly, as well as in light of Holland’s own inter­ The archives of the Dutch Reformed Church (De Ne­ pretation of I Corinthians 5 and II Corinthians 6. derlandse Hervorrnde, formerly the Gereformeerde Kerk) contain a valuable store of materials on things both ecclesias­ One interesting insight Holland comes up with is the idea tical and political. Unfortunately, the records of consistories, that Riedemann is “ ‘Calvinistic’ up to the point of regenera­ classes and synods are scattered from town to town and tion and ‘Arminian’ after the new birth’ (p. 71). However, repository to repository (some not too easily accessible). The with the church/world issue, it seems that the author does place to start always is the central archive of the church at not quite understand the Riedemann theology of separation. Javastraat 100 in The Hague, but only a selection of the Holland, believing himself to stand with Calvin, views the records are there. After that the traveling starts. “world” as signifying “this present life.” ( “Calvin takes the word ‘world’ to mean this present life, which would make In case any interested scholars have overlooked it, atten­ [Riedemann’s] explanation read . . for then you would tion is called here to a 1960 publication, a printed guide to have to go out of this present life . . . ,’ an obvious impossi­ the various archives, published by De Commissie voor de bility as both Paul and Calvin realized.” p. 46). It is quite Archieven van de Nederlandse Hervorrnde Kerk, J. N. Bak- obvious that the whole basis of discussion for Holland is huizen van den Brink, chairman. This is part one, covering narrowly “Pauline,” as contrasted to other possible inter­ archives in Gelderland, Groningen, Friesland, Drenthe, pretations such as the Synoptic, the Johannine, the Petrine, Overijssel, and Utrecht. Hopefully, the project will soon be or even Romans 12. completed, thus covering the important provinces, especially Holland also significantly faults Riedemann for showing Holland and Zeeland, not yet handled. no appreciation for history. This unwarranted critique has Bethel College Keith L. Sprunger often been used by the Calvinist-minded historian. In reality, Riedemann’s deep appreciation for history simply radiates a completely different idea of what history is all about (see page 129). Amsterdam History One of the most solid parts of the volume is a statistical R. B. Evenhuis, Oak Dat Was Amsterdam [That Too Was analysis of Riedemann’s scriptural references, found on pages Amsterdam]. 3 vols., Amsterdam: W. ten Have N. V, 133ff. There is also a highly useful index to all the scrip­ 1965-1971. 32.50 guilders per volume. Vol. IV in prepara­ tural references used by Riedemann, found on pages 158-180. tion. In reflecting upon Holland’s unusual method of inter­ In the early 1960s the Dutch Reformed Church made pretation, and the way he arrives at this interpretation: the happy decision to assign one of its Amsterdam ministers, namely from selected chapters of the Pauline epistles, Dr. R. B. Evenhuis, the task of writing a new history of the through Calvin, to Riedemann, one is again made aware of Reformed church in Amsterdam. Replacing the earlier work the several approaches that can be taken in attempting to ar­ by G. J. Vos Az (1903), which dealt primarily with the in­ rive at biblical truth. As Holland so clearly poin'ts out for ternal history of the church for its first 60 years, the new Riedemann, one’s presuppositions do make all the difference, work begins with 'the early 16th century, deals with the full and this of course also holds true for Holland himself. scope of religious history, and makes wide use of hitherto un­ exploited archival materials. Add to this its lively style, and Perhaps we can only end this discussion by affirming that you have a most helpful contribution to church history. there are at least two major approaches to the Bible, one based on a discipleship which presupposes freedom of the References to Anabaptists and Mennonites occur through­ will, the other resting basically within God’s election, pre­ out the work, but specific attention is given in the first vol­ supposing a type of predestination which minimizes or even ume to the Sacramcntarians and early Anabaptists and in the denies man’s ability to respond. A gathered, separate people second volume to the Mennonites after the Alteration (Ref­ of God is one possible end Tesult of the former approach; ormation) of Amsterdam in 1578. At the beginning of Am­ a 16th-century Genevese theocracy, of the latter. sterdam’s public Protestant regime, Mennonite church at­ tendance was at least as high as that of the Reformed But the teachings of the Christian church rest upon both churches, and the Mennonites occupied high places in finan­ God’s election and the seeming contradictory concomitant of cial circles and were found in 'the ruling families. They ob­ man’s ability to respond to God’s revelation, through accept­ tained special privileges in the areas of militia duty, the tak­ ance or rejection. Both rest upon biblical precept; both are ing of oaths, and marriage laws. They were engaged in pub­ types that individuals, in their own religious experiences, can lic oral disputes and in pamphlet wars, the Reformed being identify with; and therefore, both must paradoxically be per­ the pursuers. One of the Amsterdam ministers, Jacobus mitted to stand as being compatible with God’s truth. Hol­ Arminius, was unwilling to be drawn into this warfare, land makes it his task to set Anabaptist scholarship straight while some of the more ardent Calvinists pursued it with about this—better, about one of these biblically juxtaposed relish. truths. Evenhuis does not make careful distinctions in every case, G oshen, I ndiana Leonard Gross as when he puts Anabaptist activity in Amsterdam “shortly

30 M ennonite L ife after 1525” (I, 38), and when he identifies the factions of will and against predestination in a way that caught Ar­ Waterlanders, Flemings, Frisians, and High Germans simply minius’ attention. On these doctrines “he was sympathetic to in terms of place of origin (II, 210). He does use a few pri­ the Anabaptist point of view and Anabaptists were common­ mary sources (e.g., the Keurboek) ; otherwise he draws on ly in attendance on his preaching.” Still the gap between the work of de Hoop Scheffer, Mellink, Dijkema, Brandt, them was wide in other areas; “Arminius was no Anabap­ Wagenaar, Knüttel, Lindeboom, Dankbaar, and Knappert, tist” (p. 171). among others. The high value of the book for Mennonite How far did Arminius actually depart from the Re­ historiography lies in the context it provides for Amsterdam formed doctrines? How “Arminian” was early Arminian- Mennonite history not only in the Reformed Church but also ism? Bangs keeps Arminius in focus against the Reformed in a city which had vigorous blocs or cells of Jews, Roman background, pointing out that he retained much of the Catholics, Lutherans, English Baptists and other dissenters, “ecclesiastical and intellectual structure of the Reformed Socinians, mystics, spiritualists, Remonstrants, Collegiants, Church” (p. 333). At the Synod of Dort (1618-19), where and Quakers, and also the varied cultural and philosophical Arminius’ followers were censured and dismissed, a French currents associated with Amsterdam’s Golden Age. delegate called the Arminians "cononici irreguläres, irregu­ About the title of the book: it is a quotation from the lar regulars.” In other words, as much continuity as discon­ book itself, a remark of the author after having described tinuity with Calvin. Presently, in The Netherlands the Men- Amsterdam's public brothels. nonltes and the Remonstrants are drawing together. Some local congregations of the two groups have united. Bang’s St. Paul School of T heology, Carl Bangs Kansas City, Mo. Arminius helps to give some perspective to the movement together of two divergent groups. All in all, the book makes a good contribution to the study of history and religion. Biography of Arminius Bethel College Reith L. Sprunger Carl Bangs, Arminius: A Study in the Dutch Reformation. Abingdon Press, Nashville, 1971. 382 pp. $9.95. Swath and Sheaf The appearance of a new biography of Jacobus Arminius Isbrandt Hildebrand, Swath and Sheaf. Winnipeg: Cana­ is a welcome addition to the field of church history. More dian Publishing Association, 1970. 64 pp. than a biography, the book is subtitled, “A Study in the Dutch Reformation,” and serves also as an introduction to These 22 sketches, selected from the Swath and Sheaf the larger questions of the Remonstrants and Contra-Rem­ column in The Canadian Mennonite published in the years onstrants in Dutch history. Carl Bangs is professor of his­ before 1968, report the observations of a Canadian Men­ torical theology at St. Paul School of Theology in Kansas nonite farmer living in the small village of Wheatland north City. He approaches his subject of Arminius sympathetically of Saskatoon. Isbrandt Hildebrand is the pen name of a and with admiration. typical Canadian Mennonite farmer who is much involved in the life of the Mennonite community of which he is a part. Professor Bangs selts Arminius against a backdrop of the Dutch Reformation, which was “liberal and tolerant” in But lie is also involved in Canadian affairs, in relations with many ways. Rigid predestination, then, was not at the heart his fellow American Mennonites (who he thinks are not at of the Dutch national reformation—there were many “Ar- all concerned with Canada as an important nation, and very minians before Arminius.” Consequently Arminius’ doctrines, little concerned with Canadian Mennonites), and with the rearing of his children, especially his son who attends the Bangs believes, are not so much innovations as continuity. University of Saskatchewan. The author of these sketches Predestination is the most famous doctrine repudiated by Arminius, and so it became a “recurring theme” of the Story has tied them together and created a story which is more of Arminius. than a series, which has achieved in this book a sense of steady progress and a unity. Most important of all, he has Although the book gives considerable attention to the succeeded in convincing his readers of the reality of the cen­ Dutch environment, it comes across primarily as intellectual tral figure and through him many of the essential problems history. Arminius’ theories are carefully delineated and ex­ facing Canadian Mennonites today. plained. W e see his ideas, but Arminius the man is rather re­ mote. This is the common problem of ecclesiastical biography It is a good collection. Isbrandt Hildebrand is a thor­ where the sources are largely theological. For the early part oughly believable person with the solidarity, stability, com­ of Arminius’ life, the emphasis is upon the environment as mon sense and occasional provincial outlook characteristic of the author “grasps at every straw of evidence, attempting in many Mennonites. And Isbrand has a saving sense of humor. many cases reasonable conjectures where hard evidence is He is able to Stand firmly as a Mennonite and from that per­ lacking.” For the later period of life, the record is more full. spective see the world around him. All churches, not only the Mennonite church, need more Isbrandts in their congre­ Arminius’ life, immersed as it was in Dutch reformation gations. history, intersected with various Other movements. Among these are Ramism, which he espoused. The effect of Ramism Even though the book was written five years ago its in­ upon its devotees’ theology is not altogether clear since it sights are still pertinent today, perhaps because Isbrandt is appealed to Dutch Calvinists as well aä to the Arminians. dealing with problems that are central to humans every­ Other episodes in Arminius’ life relate to the English where. Are American Mennonites, indeed, unaware of what Brownists and to the Anabaptists, with whom Arminius is going on in Canada? often dealt gently. The Dutch Anabaptists came out for free G ustavus Adolphus College Elmer F. Suderman

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