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Guidebook for Supporting Economic Development in Stability Operations

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Guidebook for Supporting Economic Development in Stability Operations THE ARTS This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as a public CHILD POLICY service of the RAND Corporation. CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECURITY The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research POPULATION AND AGING organization providing objective analysis and effective PUBLIC SAFETY solutions that address the challenges facing the public SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY and private sectors around the world. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Support RAND Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND Arroyo Center View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation technical report series. Reports may include research findings on a specific topic that is limited in scope; present discus- sions of the methodology employed in research; provide literature reviews, survey instruments, modeling exercises, guidelines for practitioners and research profes- sionals, and supporting documentation; or deliver preliminary findings. All RAND reports undergo rigorous peer review to ensure that they meet high standards for re- search quality and objectivity. Guidebook for Supporting Economic Development in Stability Operations Keith Crane, Olga Oliker, Nora Bensahel, Derek Eaton, S. Jamie Gayton, Brooke Stearns Lawson, Jeffrey Martini, John L. Nasir, Sandra Reyna, Michelle Parker, Jerry M. Sollinger, Kayla M. Williams Prepared for the United States Army Approved for public release; distribution unlimited ARROYO CENTER The research described in this report was sponsored by the United States Army under Contract No. W74V8H-06-C-0001. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN 978-0-8330-4634-5 The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. R® is a registered trademark. © Copyright 2009 RAND Corporation All rights reserved. Permission is given to duplicate this document for U.S. military purposes. Copies may not be duplicated for commercial purposes. Sites are encouraged to link to the document on the RAND Web site. Unauthorized posting of RAND documents directly on a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND documents are protected under copyright law. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit the RAND Permissions page (http://www.rand.org/publications/permissions.html). Published 2009 by the RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2665 RAND URL: http://www.rand.org To order RAND documents or to obtain additional information, contact Distribution Services: Telephone: (310) 451-7002; Fax: (310) 451-6915; Email: [email protected] Preface P.1. This document, Guidebook for Supporting Economic Development in Stability Operations, is designed to help U.S. Army personnel to more effectively use economic assistance to support economic and infrastructure development. It is inspired by the USAID Guide to Economic Growth in Post-Conflict Countries, originally published in October 2007, which addressed eco- nomic growth issues at the national level in post-conflict environments. Based on that template, this document seeks to identify the issues specifically relevant to U.S. Army personnel. While the document’s recommendations are intended to be of benefit to personnel across ranks, it is specifically geared toward tactical commanders. The guidebook should help tactical com- manders choose and implement more effective programs and projects in their areas of respon- sibility and better understand the economic context of their efforts. It describes key charac- teristics of the economic environment and the key players that soldiers are likely to encounter according to the specific demands of the assistance effort. It also provides suggestions on what to and what not to do, with examples from current and past operations. The document draws heavily on lessons learned in current conflicts (Iraq and Afghanistan) and seeks to be of imme- diate assistance to those operating in these theaters. However, the economic-related material covered and the potential military tasks presented can also be applied in future conflict and post-conflict settings. P.2. The lead authors of this guidebook have served as civilian specialists in Iraq, Liberia, and a variety of other transitioning states. Other authors include current and former military person- nel who have served in Iraq, current and former civilian aid providers (including USAID), and other renowned specialists in nation-building and conflict and post-conflict society and recon- struction. All have therefore dealt with the issues described in this guidebook, many firsthand and on a daily basis. P.3. To write this guidebook, the authors interviewed commanders in Afghanistan as well as U.S. military officers who have served in that theater, Iraq, Bosnia, Kosovo, and Haiti. They drew on their own work and that of others in previous RAND research and support efforts in Iraq, Afghanistan, Liberia, and the Balkans. The authors tapped the substantial literature about effective economic assistance. Finally, the authors benefited greatly from comments from a broad spectrum of professionals, military and civilian, who have personally engaged in these activities, in particular, the two officers who led the study from the U.S. Army, Major Sandra Reyna and Lieutenant Colonel John Nasir. P.4. The study was sponsored by Major General David A. Fastabend, Director of Strategy, Plans and Policy, Office of the U.S. Army Deputy Chief of Staff, G-3/5/7. The research was carried out in RAND Arroyo Center, part of the RAND Corporation and a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the United States Army. iii iv Guidebook for Supporting Economic Development in Stability Operations P.5. The Project Unique Identification Code (PUIC) for the project that produced this docu- ment is DAMOC08935. P.6. All comments and queries should be addressed to Keith Crane, (703) 413-1100 x5520, [email protected], or Olga Oliker, (703) 413-1100 x5382, [email protected]. P.7. For more information on RAND Arroyo Center, contact the Director of Operations (tele- phone 310-393-0411, extension 6419; fax 310-451-6952; email [email protected]), or visit Arroyo’s web site at http://www.rand.org/ard/. Contents Preface ........................................................................................................... iii Executive Summary ........................................................................................... xi Acknowledgments .............................................................................................xv Glossary ....................................................................................................... xvii List of Symbols ................................................................................................ xxi CHapTER ONE Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 Stability Operations .............................................................................................. 1 Support to Economic and Infrastructure Development ................................................... 2 The Guidebook ................................................................................................... 4 Purpose .......................................................................................................... 4 Terminology .................................................................................................... 5 Outline .......................................................................................................... 5 CHapTER TWO What You Need to Know Before You Go ................................................................... 7 Economic Activity in Countries Emerging from Conflict .................................................. 7 How Do Local People Survive? ................................................................................. 8 What Do People Do for a Living? ........................................................................... 8 How Do People Live? .........................................................................................12 How Does the Economy Recover? ............................................................................12 How Can You Tell If It Is Working? ..........................................................................14 Missions,
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