Ethiopian Endemics I 11th to 29th January 2014 & Lalibela Historical Extension 29th January to 1st February 2014

Trip report

Abyssinian Roller by Markus Lilje

Tour leaders: Wayne Jones & Andrew Stainthorpe. Trip report compiled by Wayne Jones

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Top 10 birds as voted by participants: 1. Ruspoli’s Turaco 2. Abyssinian Roller 3. Half-collared Kingfisher 4. Fox Kestrel 5. Abyssinian Ground Thrush 6. Nile Valley Sunbird 7. Hartlaub’s Bustard 8. Quailfinch 9. Abyssinian Catbird 10. Abyssinian Woodpecker

Tour Summary

Our tour kicked off in the grounds of our hotel in Addis Ababa on what was, essentially, an arrival day. Despite its location in the middle of the bustling and chaotic capital city, the gardens yielded a good selection of birds including Wattled Ibis, African Harrier-Hawk, White-collared Pigeon, African Paradise Flycatcher, Brown Parisoma, Dusky Turtle Dove, Abyssinian Thrush, Montane White-eye, Abyssinian Slaty Flycatcher, Brown-rumped Seedeater and Ruppell’s Robin-Chat. Common Cranes by Adam Riley We set out early the following morning so as to arrive at Lake Chelekcheka just after dawn, when the hundreds of Common Cranes that roost there start becoming active amid a cacophony of guttural bugling. With waves of cranes passing over us on their way to forage in the fields, we found plenty of other waterbirds including Northern Shoveler, Spur-winged Goose, Northern Pintail, Eurasian Teal, Greater and Lesser Flamingos, Spur-winged Lapwing, Three-banded Plover, Black-tailed Godwit and Temminck’s Stint. Yellow Wagtails abounded and one of the area’s specials, the tiny and gorgeous Quailfinch, gave excellent views.

Having worked up an appetite we made our way to a restaurant overlooking Lake Bishoftu for breakfast. While sipping some delicious Arabica brew we added Pink-backed Pelican, Red-billed Firefinch, Scarlet-chested Sunbird, Blue Rock Abyssinian Ground Hornbill Thrush, Mocking Cliff Chat, Banded Barbet, by Andrew Stainthorpe Black-winged Lovebird and Southern Pochard to our list. Our stomachs full, we moved on to Koka Dam, finding the charismatic Abyssinian Ground Hornbill along the way. At the dam itself we really struck it lucky as we had four Black Crowned Cranes quite close to the road and a Saddle-billed Stork that gave us even closer views when it glided low over the traffic. Senegal Thick-knee, Red-billed Oxpecker, Black-headed Gull, African Fish Eagle, Hamerkop, Goliath Heron and White-faced Duck were just some of the birds in the

RBT Ethiopian Endemics I Trip Report 2014 3 vicinity. We also had our first taste of Ethiopia’s notoriously annoying and in-your-face children, so we quickly moved on to our next stop at Lake Ziway.

After a delicious lunch of fresh fish and more coffee (this was going to be a caffeine-dominated trip!) we ventured closer to the lake and its nearby shallow wetland. Here we found a whole host of goodies including African Pygmy Goose, Little Ringed Plover, Common Snipe, Fulvous Whistling Duck, Knob-billed Duck, Malachite Kingfisher and Woodland Kingfisher. There were a number of Marabou Storks and Great White Pelicans hanging around some locals gutting fish, and they allowed close approach. We also found Black Heron, Northern Carmine Bee-eater, Grey Kestrel and Long-crested Eagle at another section of the lake before the last bit of travel to Awassa on this action-packed day.

At Awassa we indulged in some more pre-breakfast birding with a stroll around the hotel grounds the next morning and along the Awassa Lake shore. We connected with all the main targets – African Spotted Creeper, Red-throated and Eurasian Wrynecks, Green-backed Honeybird, Tree Pipit, White-backed Duck, Little Weaver, White-browed Robin-Chat and more African Pygmy Geese and Malachite Kingfishers. Beautiful pied Guereza Colobuses performed for the cameras while the bus was packed. Shortly thereafter we entered the hustle and bustle of the Awassa Fish Market. With not much happening bird-wise, we departed on the long uphill journey to Goba. In the next town, amid the Guereza Colobus myriad unfinished buildings and wooden scaffolding, we saw the by Markus Lilje impressive Thick-billed Raven. The agricultural fields and grassy hills along the way, and streams in between, produced Abyssinian Longclaw, Groundscraper Thrush, Whinchat, Red-breasted Wheatear, Blue-winged Goose, Yellow-billed Duck, Booted Eagle, Green Sandpiper and Ethiopian Cisticola. Up in the highlands we made a stop for Cape Eagle-Owl, which some locals assisted in finding. At the headquarters of the Bale Mountain National Park at Dinsho we saw White-backed Black Tit and African Wood Owl, but sadly not Abyssinian Owl, which had not been sighted that day. We were quite worn out by the time we reached Goba, but satisfied nonetheless with some marvellous birds. Plus, we had an exciting day to follow – in the morning we’d be driving up the highest road in Africa!

Our day started with a walk around the Juniper Forest on the slopes of the Bale Mountains, where we found the beautiful Abyssinian Ground Thrush, Tacazze Sunbird, Brown Woodland Warbler, Ethiopian Wolf by Wayne Jones Cinnamon Bracken Warbler, White-cheeked Turaco and, a bit higher up, Rouget’s Rail. Thankfully the weather up on the plateau was stunning, with clear blue skies. Thekla Lark, Moorland Chat, flocks of Ethiopian Siskin, Ruddy Shelduck, African Snipe and Red-billed Chough were all seen. Raptors were present, but not in huge numbers, although we did see Lanner Falcon, Augur Buzzard, Steppe, Golden and Tawny Eagles and the majestic Bearded Vulture. Probably the main attraction of the plateau is the rare Ethiopian Wolf, of which we saw seven, and its primary food source, the bizarre Giant Root Rat. We then popped down the other side of the plateau to have lunch in Harenna Forest, the largest piece of extant forest

RBT Ethiopian Endemics I Trip Report 2014 4 in the country. The forest was relatively quiet at midday, but we did find a pair of Abyssinian Woodpecker at their nest. The following day we visited a wetland near Goba and found good numbers of the beautiful endemic Spot-breasted Lapwing, along with Garganey, Red-billed Teal and Purple Heron. We then opted to attempt the road to Sof Omar, which we’d heard was untraversable. Apart from a small section where we all hopped out and played Ethiopian road workers, fixing the problem in under three minutes, this proved not to be true. The going was slow, however, and we reached Sof Omar shortly before midday. We still found some excellent birds – Narina Trogon, African Hawk-Eagle, Shikra, Northern Red-billed and Von der Decken’s Hornbill’s, Red- fronted Tinkerbird, Lesser Honeyguide, White-crested Helmetshrike, Grey-headed Batis, Acacia Tit, Northern Crombec, Bristle-crowned Starling, Brown-tailed Rock Chat, Mountain Wagtail and Crested Francolin. We departed in the early afternoon, but a mishap at the bad section of the road resulted in our bus getting stuck. Once again we played Ethiopian road crew while most locals stood and watched. We did eventually solve the problem and I’m sure we all slept very soundly that night!

On Day 6 we departed for Negele, climbing back over the Sanetti Plateau and through Harenna Forest to the dry Acacia woodland Narina Trogon beyond. The long drive through some of Ethiopia’s wildest and least by Glen Valentine populated areas produced sightings of Eastern Chanting Goshawk, Bateleur, African Wattled Lapwing, Klaas’s Cuckoo, Somali Dwarf Mongoose Red-and-yellow and Double-toothed Barbets, Black-billed Wood Hoopoe, Grey-headed Bush-shrike, Striped Ground Squirrel, Isabelline Shrike, Boran Cisticola, Marico Sunbird, Red-headed Weaver and the endemic Ruspoli’s Turaco, the major target for the day, of which we saw several.

Our big mark for the next day was the severely globally threatened and range-restricted Sidamo Lark. We managed to find two on the Liben Plains as well as Pectoral-patch Cisticola, Somali Short-toed Lark, White-crowned Starling, Shelley’s Sparrow, Black-winged Lapwing and Short-toed Snake Eagle. We had a delicious breakfast in the field and then continued east towards the Somali border – still about 300km away, mind you – along the road to Bogol Manyo. The reason for this linear route was to search for arid-country species on the western edge of their range in Ethiopia. We did well, finding Hunter’s Sunbird, White-browed Scrub Robin, Pale Prinia, Yellow-bellied Eremomela, Somali Crombec, Ethiopian Swallow, Black- throated Barbet, Somali Bunting, Egyptian Vulture and wonderfully close views of five Somali Ostriches. Hunter’s Sunbird by Keith Valentine

We had a bit of a rest that afternoon in anticipation of our long drive the next day. We were on the road and in true wilderness when the sun rose, bathing the beautiful unspoilt scenery in golden tones. We picked up Golden-breasted and Magpie Starlings, Chestnut Weaver and White-winged Collared Dove before arriving at the Dawa River. It was a bit quiet there, but we still came upon

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African Pied Wagtail, Rufous Chatterer, Eastern Yellow-billed Hornbill, Yellow-spotted Petronia, Pringle’s Puffback and Pygmy Batis. Moving further southwest until we reached Yabello, the landscape dotted with red termite mounds, we found Vulturine Guineafowl, Bare-eyed Thrush, Purple Grenadier, Black-cheeked Waxbill, Grey-capped and Black-capped Social Weavers, Rosy-patched Bushshrike, Pygmy Falcon and Pearl-spotted Owlet. It had been a good mammal day too – our pre-dawn start resulted in views of White-tailed Mongoose and Spotted Hyena close to Negele, and Grant’s Gazelle and Gerenuk nearer Yabello.

The following day was a relatively leisurely one since we did not have to travel far to our birding grounds. Our morning sessions brought sightings of Foxy Lark, White-bellied Canary, Stresemann’s Bush Crow by Wayne Jones White-tailed Swallow, Stresemann’s Bush Crow, Red-bellied Parrot, Spotted Palm Thrush, Red-fronted Barbet, the endearing D’Arnaud’s Barbet, Banded Parisoma, Martial Eagle, Buff-crested Bustard and Shikra. That afternoon we headed out late so we could do a night-drive on our way back to the hotel. After a truly delicious field-prepared traditional meal we drove back in the dark, our spotlights scanning for eyeshine. Nightbirds were sorely lacking, but we did see Senegal Galago, Scrub Hare and Common and Blotched Genets.

The next day was essentially a travel day to move us from the dry and hot woodlands of Yabello to the oasis of comfort and class that is Bishangari, on the shore of Lake Langano. We did, of course, make a few birding stops, with highlights being Bare-faced Go-away-bird, White-cheeked Turaco, Black Sparrowhawk, Grey-headed Batis and Mouse-coloured Penduline Tit.

The following day we explored Bishangari’s various habitats – forest, wetland and pastures. Bush Petronia, Narina Trogon, (tricky) Green Twinspot, Ruppell’s and Spectacled Weavers, Common Redstart, Red-capped Robin-Chat, Gambian Sun Squirrel, Blue-spotted Wood Dove, Eurasian Blackcap, Black Saw-wing, Brown-throated Wattle-eye, Northern Puffback, Ethiopian Oriole, Grivet Monkey, White-winged Black Tit, Masked Shrike, Lemon Dove, Broad-billed Roller, Guereza Colobus, Black Scimitarbill, Bruce’s Green Pigeon, Double-toothed Barbet, African Goshawk and Scaly Francolin were all seen in the forest/woodland, while the flooded shoreline of the lake held Common Snipe, Black-tailed Godwit, Grey-headed Gull, Gull-billed Tern, Hottentot Teal, Great Egret … and more. After a restful lunch we headed to our next hotel on the western shores of Lake Langano. On the way we found at least three aberrant Blue-breasted Bee-eaters in the company of their conventional kin. These beautiful green and blue bee- eaters were found on a Rockjumper tour the previous year and it’s good to know they’re still around. That afternoon we viewed the resident Slender-tailed Nightjar and Greyish “Green morph” of Blue-breasted Eagle-Owl at our hotel before settling in for the evening. Bee-eater by Craig Morley

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Our first stop on Day 12 was the viewpoint overlooking Lakes Shalla and Abijata for Little Rock Thrush and Abyssinian Wheatear. A short while later we ventured down to Abijata’s shoreline where a myriad waders and waterfowl awaited us! Northern Shoveler and Greater and Lesser Flamingos numbered in the thousands, while Northern Pintail, Cape Teal, Egyptian Goose, Yellow-billed Stork, Glossy Ibis, Red-knobbed Coot, Pied Avocet, Kentish and Kittlitz’s Plovers, Curlew Sandpiper, Ruff, Little Stint and Garganey were among the supporting cast. Lunch back at the hotel gave us an opportunity to check out the Langano shoreline and there we found Black-headed and Lesser Black-backed Gulls, Great White Pelican and White- winged Tern. We next braved the traffic as we headed north towards Addis Ababa, then swung off to the right and spent the night in the financial hub of Nazret (Adama).

Heading to Awash the following morning we made a stop at the lava fields around Lake Beseka to search for the localised Sombre Rock Chat, a bird that fully lives up to its name – in plumage, at least! We met with early success, also bagging Blackstart and Striolated Bunting before lunch at Awash National Park. Thereafter we Yellow-breasted Barbet by Wayne Jones continued on to Bilen, with an incredibly dusty last 12km – not unexpected in a landscape so parched. We reached our lodge overlooking the Bilen hot springs, a huge reeded oasis in this sparsely vegetated terrain. The amount of birdlife attracted to what is probably the only source of fresh, open water for many miles is astonishing. On our walk that afternoon we saw an estimated 700 Abdim’s Storks, Purple Heron, Western Marsh, Pallid and Montagu’s Harriers, Senegal Thick-knee, Green Sandpiper, African Collared and Namaqua Doves, Yellow-breasted Barbet, Isabelline and Woodchat Shrikes, Chestnut-headed Sparrow-Lark, Wire- tailed Swallow, Wattled Starling, Black Scrub Robin and Northern Red Bishop.

Before arriving at Awash National Park for our two-night stay, we birded the Alleghedi Plain. The sky over the vast grassland was filled with hundreds of Lesser Kestrel, Common Kestrel and numerous harriers. The area also held Arabian Bustard, Tawny Pipit, the exquisite Abyssinian Roller, Long-legged Buzzard, Short-toed Snake Eagle, Soemerring’s Gazelle and Beisa Oryx.

The next two days at Awash proceeded at a leisurely pace, not least because of the intense heat, especially around midday. The grasslands and Acacia woodland of this large reserve hold a lot of potential but are sadly under pressure from local herdsmen who graze their cattle and goats within the park’s boundaries. Despite the imperfect situation it is still one of the best places to view large game in Ethiopia, Lichtenstein’s Sandgrouse and we saw more Soemmering’s Gazelle and Beisa Oryx as by Wayne Jones well as the elegant Lesser Kudu and Salt’s Dik-dik. Birdlife included African Silverbill, White Wagtail, Crested Francolin, Striated Heron, White-backed

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Vulture, Chestnut-backed Sparrow-Lark, Ashy Cisticola, Somali Bulbul, Red-billed Oxpecker, the maniacal Eastern Plantain-eater, Black-eared Wheatear, Shining Sunbird, Green-winged Pytilia, Village Indigobird, Cardinal Woodpecker, Steppe Grey Shrike, Singing Bush Lark, Fan-tailed Raven, Lichtenstein’s Sandgrouse, Dark Chanting Goshawk and Red-winged Lark. The park is exceptional for bustards, and in one afternoon we encountered 20 individuals of four different species (Kori, White-bellied, Buff-crested and Hartlaub’s). Our night-drives in the park were surprisingly uneventful apart from superb views of a mother Caracal and her kitten, which made our night!

From Awash we then headed southwest to Weliso (Ghion). En route we caught up with Erlanger’s Lark and had wonderful views of European Bee-eater. Those not relaxing that afternoon explored the lush grounds of our hotel which held Lemon Dove, Abyssinian Thrush, Guereza Colobus, Silvery-cheeked Hornbill, Grivet Monkey and Yellow-spotted Hyrax. The next morning we drove down to Ghibe Gorge where the mix of agricultural land, open woodland and riverine vegetation yielded African Harrier-Hawk, Long-crested, Booted and Steppe Eagles, a pair of Shikra, African Wattled Lapwing, Vinaceous Dove, Klaas’s Erlanger’s Lark by Keith Valentine Cuckoo, Grey-headed and Woodland Kingfishers, Moustached Grass Warbler, Greater and Lesser Blue-eared Starlings, Snowy-crowned Robin-Chat, Bush Petronia, Black-winged Red Bishop, Abyssinian Waxbill, Long-billed Pipit, Yellow-rumped Seed-eater, Yellow-fronted Canary and Ortolan Bunting. After this fantastic morning’s birding we embarked on the long drive to Debre Birhan in the north.

One of the main attractions near Debre Birhan is Gemasa Geden, a patch of the dramatic Ankober Escarpment where we found a troop of amazing Geladas. The other attraction here is the localised Ankober Serin, of which we saw two along with Blue Rock Thrush, Red-throated Pipit, Bearded Vulture and Groundscraper Thrush. After breakfast we descended over one and a half kilometres to the Melka Ghebdu track where our search for the elusive Yellow- throated Seedeater met with success. Other birds seen included Verreaux’s Eagle, the vittata race of Pied Wheatear, Black Stork, Slender- billed Starling, Black-crowned Tchagra and Hemprich’s Hornbill.

The final day of the main tour began with a pre-dawn departure – essential to be in place at Jemma Valley as the Looking for francolins at Jemma Valley by Craig Morley sun was rising so that we could find our two major targets of the morning – the endemic Erckel’s and Harwood’s Francolins. Thanks to some local spotters we achieved our goal within a short time and continued to bird until breakfast was ready. After picking up Ruppell’s Black Chat, Mocking Cliff Chat, Eurasian Crag Martin,

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Cinnamon-breasted Bunting, Singing Cisticola and White-billed Starling we made our way down into the gorge, passing some epic geological formations along the way. We added FOUR Fox Kestrel, Chestnut-crowned Sparrow-weaver, Speckle-fronted Weaver and Western Osprey to our list before heading back to Addis Ababa.

The following day we flew up to the historical village of Lalibela to begin our cultural extension. In our short time here we ambled about the network of thirteen rock-hewn churches. They were carved out of solid rock in the 12th and 13th centuries and some, such as Bet Giyorgis (St George’s Church) are free-standing structures with only their “foundations” connected to the surrounding rock! Bet Giyorgis, the most famous church in Lalibela – and probably Ethiopia – was also the focus of the St George’s Day activity. From our hotel balconies we could see the hundreds of white-robed pilgrims dotting the Pilgrims at Bet Giyorgis on St George’s Day area around the monolithic church. After by Wayne Jones breakfast we drove up and watched the subdued procession of pilgrims entering and exiting the church while a Christian call to prayer reverberated around us.

Later on we visited the mountain-top monastery of Asheton Maryam and were rewarded with amazing views out over the stark countryside. We also picked up a few birds – our binoculars were never far from reach, of course – including Abyssinian Catbird, many Bearded Vultures, White-fronted Black Chat, White-winged Cliff Chat, Hemprich’s Hornbill, White-backed Black Tit, White-collared Pigeon, White-billed Starling, Yellow-rumped Seedeater, Eurasian Sparrowhawk and the highlight, a gorgeous African Hobby that sat tight for us in a Eucalyptus. A couple of visits to some of the many souvenir shops later and then it was time to head back to Addis, for some the end of their Ethiopian adventure, while others were just about to kick off theirs on Ethiopian Endemics II. White-collared Pigeon by Wayne Jones

Annotated List of Birds recorded

Total species recorded: 479 (including 3 heard only and 4 on Lalibela Ext. only)

Nomenclature and taxonomy follows the IOC 3.5 list of: Gill, F. and Wright, M. Birds of the World: Recommended English Names. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.

E = Endemic to Ethiopia, NE = Near-endemic to Ethiopia. NP = National Park

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Ostrich Struthionidae Somali Ostrich Struthio molybdophanes We were fortunate to have close views of five birds near Negele in addition to very distantly scoped birds on the Alleghedi Plain. NOTE: Clements does not recognize this spilt and places all Ostriches under Struthio camelus.

Guineafowl Numididae Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris Good numbers were seen around Lake Abijata and the Awash area. NOTE: The nominate N. m. meleagris (Helmeted Guineafowl) which we recorded in Ethiopia, is sometimes regarded as distinct from the western N. m. galeata (West African Guineafowl) and the southern N. m. mitrata (Tufted Guineafowl). Neither IOC nor Clements recognize this split. Vulturine Guineafowl Acryllium vulturinum We encountered a large flock of at least 65 birds en route from Negele to Yabello.

Pheasants, Fowl & Allies Phasianidae Moorland Francolin (NE) Scleroptila psilolaema After a fruitless search the day before, we enjoyed a magical sighting of a dozen or so birds warming up in the morning sunlight. NOTE: Clements places this and all the below species in a different genus, namely Francolinus. Crested Francolin Dendroperdix sephaena This small gamebird was commonly sighted around Goba, Negele, Yabello and Awash. Scaly Francolin Pternistis squamatus We saw a trio well at Bishangari Lodge. Harwood's Francolin (E) Pternistis harwoodi With the assistance of local spotters we enjoyed scoped views of a pair of these tricky endemics in Jemma Valley. Chestnut-naped Francolin (NE) Pternistis castaneicollis This beautifully marked francolin was common on the slopes of the Bale Mountains. Erckel's Francolin (NE) Pternistis erckelii Another strikingly attired francolin, of which we had excellent views in Jemma Valley and Lalibela. Yellow-necked Spurfowl Pternistis leucoscepus We had good sightings around Negele and Awash NP. NOTE: Clements places this species in a different genus, namely Francolinus and uses the common name:Yellow-necked Francolin. Harlequin Quail Coturnix delegorguei We had insanely great views of a male crouching in our spotlight as dusk fell in Awash NP.

Ducks, Geese & Swans Anatidae White-faced Whistling Duck Dendrocygna viduata This elegant duck was common on the Rift Valley Lakes. Fulvous Whistling Duck Dendrocygna bicolour A few were seen at Lake Ziway. White-backed Duck Thalassornis leuconotus Four birds showed nicely at Lake Awassa. Spur-winged Goose Plectropterus gambensis This huge goose was seen at Lake Chelekcheka and Bishangari Lodge. [Knob-billed] (Comb) Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos This huge goose was seen at Lake Chelekcheka and Bishangari Lodge. Blue-winged Goose (E) Cyanochen cyanoptera This beautiful endemic was found in small numbers on scattered highland waterbodies. Egyptian Goose Alopochen aegyptiaca

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A widespread anatid found at wetlands throughout the tour. Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea A few pairs of these lovely ducks were found on the Sanetti Plateau. African Pygmy Goose Nettapus auritus This gorgeous little goose was seen well at Lakes Ziway and Awassa. Cape Teal Anas capensis This pale species was seen at lake Abijata. African Black Duck Anas sparsa Two birds were found on a highland stream near Goba. Yellow-billed Duck Anas undulata We had a few sightings around Goba. Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata This migratory species was plentiful at Lakes Chelekcheka and Abijata and near Goba. Red-billed Teal Anas erythrorhyncha This duck was seen at Lake Chelekcheka and near Goba. NOTE: Clements names these as Red-billed Duck, but still share the same scientific name. Northern Pintail Anas acuta This exquisite duck was found at Lake Chelekcheka, with better views at Lake Abijata. Garganey Anas querquedula Females were seen at a small pond near Goba and at Lake Abijata. Eurasian Teal Anas crecca This stunning satin-headed duck was seen at Lake Chelekcheka NOTE: Clements names these as Green-winged Teal, but still share the same scientific name. Hottentot Teal Anas hottentota We found this diminutive duck on shoreline at Bishangari. Southern Pochard Netta erythrophthalma A handful was observed on Lake Bishoftu. Maccoa Duck Oxyura maccoa We had distant views of this curious duck at Lake Chelekcheka.

Grebes Podicipedidae Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis This small waterbird turned up at a number of wetlands throughout the tour.

Flamingo Phoenicopteridae Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus Good numbers were seen at Lakes Chelekcheka, Abijata and Beseka. Lesser Flamingo Phoeniconaias minor Seen at the same localities as the previous species as well as Lake Langano and Bilen. NOTE: Clements places this species in a different genus, namely Phoenicopterus, but still uses the same common name.

Storks Ciconiidae Yellow-billed Stork Mycteria ibis This colourful stork was seen around Bishangari, Lake Abijata and Bilen. Black Stork Ciconia nigra Singletons were seen in Jemma Valley and near Melka Ghebdu track. Abdim's Stork Ciconia abdimii We were treated to the spectacle of more than 700 individuals in and around the wetland at Bilen. Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus We saw this distinctive stork on a few occasions, including in Jemma Valley. White Stork Ciconia ciconia

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Following initial sightings near Goba, we saw plenty of birds on the Alleghedi Plain and around Awash NP. Saddle-billed Stork Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis We had the most marvellous sighting of this magnificent bird at Koka Dam, with later sightings at Bilen. Marabou Stork Leptoptilos crumeniferus This grotesque species was common in Rift Valley towns and around fish gutting stations.

Ibises, Spoonbills Threskiornithidae [African] Sacred Ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus This species was encountered at wetlands throughout the tour. Hadada Ibis Bostrychia hagedash This vociferous bird was not uncommon in the Rift Valley. Wattled Ibis (E) Bostrychia carunculata This endemic was common across highland areas of the country. Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus This slight ibis was found in small numbers on the Rift Valley lakes. African Spoonbill Platalea alba Seen at Lake Chelekcheka.

Herons, Bitterns Ardeidae Striated Heron Butorides striata We observed a total of three birds on a couple of occasions in Awash NP. Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides A commonly encountered heron on the Rift Valley lakes. Western Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Small flocks of this stout egret were recorded on a regular basis around the country. NOTE: This group may be split into 2 species, the nominate Western Cattle Egret (which is what we recorded in Ethiopia) and the Asian/Australasian Eastern Cattle Egret E. coromanda. This split is as yet not recognized by Clements but is accepted by the IOC. Grey Heron Ardea cinerea As with the previous species, recorded often at wetlands around the country, but in smaller numbers. Black-headed Heron Ardea melanocephala This boldly marked heron was seen near Goba and Lake Langano. Goliath Heron Ardea goliath We observed this giant heron from a distance at Koka Dam and at Bishangari. Purple Heron Ardea purpurea Singletons were seen at a wetland near Goba and Bilen. Great Egret Ardea alba We saw this large egret at various Rift Valley lakes and at the Bilen wetland. NOTE: The nominate Old World Great Egret may be split from the New World A. a. egretta which would become American Egret. This split is as yet not recognized by Clements but is accepted by the IOC. Intermediate Egret Egretta intermedia We found this egret at Koka Dam. Black Heron Egretta ardesiaca This striking heron was seen at Lake Ziway and Lake Abijata. Little Egret Egretta garzetta We had numerous sightings of this species around the Rift Valley lakes. NOTE: Clements lumps Little and Madagascar’s Dimorphic Egret E. dimorpha into a single species. This treatment is not widely accepted. Western Reef Heron Egretta gularis

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A pale morph was found at Lake Beseka.

Hamerkop Scopidae Hamerkop Scopus umbretta This drab, quirky species was seen on the Rift Valley lakes, and around Yabello and Awash NP.

Pelicans Pelecanidae Great White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus Seen at various Rift Valley lakes with particularly close views of birds sidling up to some fish gutters at Lake Ziway. Pink-backed Pelican Pelecanus rufescens We saw these pelicans at Lake Bishoftu, Bishangari and Lake Beseka.

Cormorants Phalacrocoracidae Reed Cormorant Microcarbo africanus Seen at nearly all the Rift Valley lakes we visited on tour. NOTE: Clements places this species in a different genus, namely Phalacrocoraxand uses the common name:Long-tailed Cormorant. White-breasted Cormorant Phalacrocorax lucidus This heftier cormorant was also encountered at most Rift Valley lakes. Note: Clements treats this sub-Saharan bird as a race of the Great Cormorant P. Carbo and does not accept the spilt.

Anhingas, Darters Anhingidae African Darter Anhinga rufa Less common than its close relatives the cormorants, this species found at various Rift Valley lakes.

Ospreys Pandionidae Western Osprey Pandion haliaetus A single bird was spotted perched on a cliff in Jemma Valley. NOTE: That Clements does not accept the spilt between Western and Eastern Osprey and just calls the bird Osprey.

Kites, Hawks & Eagles Accipitridae Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus Encountered regularly over open grasslands and crop fields. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Black-shouldered Kite. Scissor-tailed Kite Chelictinia ricourii We were most fortunate to spy a single bird sailing swiftly past as we were leaving Bilen. African Harrier-Hawk Polyboroides typus We enjoyed numerous sightings of this floppy-winged raptor, including in Awash NP and at Bishangari. Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus We saw a total of 14 of these magnificent birds on the Sanetti Plateau, at Gemassa Geden and on the Lalibela extension. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Lammergeier. Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus This attractive vulture was seen a number of times, particularly in the dry Awash area. Hooded Vulture Necrosyrtes monachus These small vultures are common around human settlements and were observed almost daily. White-backed Vulture Gyps africanus This was the commonest open-country/savannah vulture, seen widely. Rüppell's Vulture Gyps rueppellii This handsome vulture was observed in small numbers across the country. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Rueppell's Griffon.

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Lappet-faced Vulture Aegypius tracheliotus We lucked into a gathering of five vulture species, including this huge species, on the road to Bogol Manyo. Short-toed Snake Eagle Circaetus gallicus Birds were seen over Liben and Alleghedi Plains. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Short-toed Eagle. Black-chested Snake Eagle Circaetus pectoralis Singletons provided great views near Negele. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Black-breasted Snake-Eagle. Bateleur Terathopius ecaudatus This colourful eagle was seen most often in the south around Yabello. Martial Eagle Polemaetus bellicosus We had two sightings of this massive eagle near Yabello and Awash NP. Long-crested Eagle Lophaetus occipitalis This unique eagle was seen at Lakes Ziway and Abijiata, and in Ghibe Gorge. Lesser Spotted Eagle Clanga pomarina One bird was seen on the Sanetti Plateau. Greater Spotted Eagle Clanga clanga A singleton allowed close approach while it was perched at Lake Chelekcheka. Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus We saw one bird en route from Awassa to Dodola. Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax This was the commonest eagle of the tour, recorded regularly in a variety of habitats. NOTE: The nominate African Tawny Eagle A. r. rapax may be split from the Asian Tawny Eagle A. r. vindhiana. This split is as yet not recognized by IOC or Clements. Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis Most sightings were of immature birds on the Sanetti Plateau and Alleghedi Plain. NOTE: The Western Steppe Eagle A. n. orientalis, which we recorded, may be split from the Eastern Steppe Eagle A. n. nipalensis. This split is as yet not recognized by IOC or Clements. Golden Eagle Aquila crysaetos An adult bird was seen by some on our way up to the Sanetti Plateau. Verreaux's Eagle Aquila verreauxii We enjoyed marvellous views looking down on to a bird soaring below the Ankober Escarpment, with more birds seen around Lalibela. African Hawk-Eagle Aquila spilogaster This species showed nicely at Sof Omar as well as en route to Yabello from Negele. Gabar Goshawk Micronisus gabar Birds were seen at Awash NP and near Bilen. Dark Chanting Goshawk Melierax metabates This species was seen in the northern savannah of Awash NP and Bilen. Eastern Chanting Goshawk Melierax poliopterus This beauty was common in the southern savannah around Negele and Yabello. Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus This species was seen at Lalibela. African Goshawk Accipiter tachiro One was seen by some on the first day in Addis Ababa, while a second showed at Bishangari later in the tour. Shikra Accipiter badius This glowing-eyed accipiter was seen gave excellent views at Sof Omar, Yabello and Ghibe Gorge. Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus A single bird was seen flying overhead on the Lalibela extension. Black Sparrowhawk Accipiter melanoleucos

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This species was seen near Goba and Bishangari. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Black Goshawk. Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus A regular sight at wetlands across the country with most birds being females. Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus This delicately proportioned harrier was especially common over grasslands around Awash, Bilen and Alleghedi Plain. Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus Not as common as the previous species, but found often found in association. Yellow-billed Kite Milvus aegyptius One of the top contenders for most common species, this raptor was recorded almost every day. African Fish Eagle Haliaeetus vocifer A common waterside denizen of the Rift Valley lakes. Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufipennis An adult bird showed well on Alleghedi Plain. Common Buzzard Buteo buteo One bird was seen briefly on the Sanetti Plateau. NOTE: The subspecies which we encountered is the northern breeding B. b. vulpinus, sometimes regarded as a separate species, Steppe Buzzard, from the nominate Common Buzzard and three other incipient groups in eastern Asia. Clements does not as yet recognize any of these splits. Augur Buzzard Buteo augur This dapper raptor was very common at higher elevations throughout the tour.

Falcons Falconidae Pygmy Falcon Polihierax semitorquatus This cute little bird provided great views around Yabello and in Awash NP. Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni Hundreds of birds were observed hunting over Alleghedi Plain. Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus An oft-encountered roadside raptor throughout the tour. NOTE: Some authorities split this species into Common Kestrel, F. tinnunculus which we observed (occurring in East and West Africa and the Palaearctic region) and Rock Kestrel, F. rupicolis which occurs in Southern Africa. Clements does not as yet recognize this split, while IOC does. Fox Kestrel Falco ardosiaceus We saw an incredible FOUR birds all perched in the same small field where they were feasting on fat locusts. Grey Kestrel Falco ardosiaceus We enjoyed four great sightings of this bird around Lake Ziway, Liben Plain and Yabello. African Hobby Falco cuvierii We had smashing good views of this lovely little falcon on the Lalibela extension. Lanner Falcon Falco biarmicus This large falcon was seen best up on the Sanetti Plateau.

Bustards Otididae Arabian Bustard Ardeotis arabs One bird showed beautifully at the edge of Alleghedi Plain. Kori Bustard Ardeotis kori First seen near the Mega area with more sightings later in Awash NP. White-bellied Bustard Eupodotis senegalensis This lovely bustard, usually found in pairs of small groups, gave us great views in Awash NP. NOTE: Clements lumps the northern form of White-bellied Bustard E. senegalensis with the Southern African endemic Barrow’s or Southern White-bellied Bustard E. barrowi. This treatment is not followed by the IOC and most authorities and they are generally considered two distinct species.

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Buff-crested Bustard Lophotis gindiana Most of our sightings of this bird came from Awash NP. NOTE: This species used to be lumped with the southern Red-crested Bustard E. ruficrista and the western Savile’s Bustard E. Savilei, Clements places this species in a different genus, namely Eupodotis. Hartlaub's Bustard Lissotis hartlaubi After finding only a possible female earlier in the day we confirmed the species tick with seven more birds in the late afternoon, including four males.

Rails, Crakes & Coots Rallidae Rouget's Rail (E) Rougetius rougetii We saw good numbers of this atypically bold rail on the slopes of the Bale Mountains. Black Crake Amaurornis flavirostra This inquisitive rallid showed nicely at Lake Ziway. Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus A few individuals were found at scattered quiet wetlands. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Eurasian Moorhen. Red-knobbed Coot Fulica cristata This species was sometimes plentiful on the Rift Valley lakes.

Cranes Gruidae Black Crowned Crane Balearica pavonina We had a close sighting of four of these sought-after birds at Koka Dam. Common Crane Grus grus On an amazing morning at Lake Chelekcheka we were treated to the sight and sound of hundreds of Common Cranes setting off for the morning’s foraging.

Stone-curlews & Thick-knees Burhinidae Senegal Thick-knee Burhinus senegalensis We had good sightings of this cryptic species at Koka Dam and in Awash NP.

Stilts, Avocets Recurvirostridae Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus These dainty waders were common on the Rift Valley lakes. Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta These elegant birds were present in large numbers at Lake Abijata.

Plovers Charadriidae Spur-winged Lapwing Vanellus spinosus Probably the most widespread shorebird of the tour, found alongside various waterbodies. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Spur-winged Plover. Black-winged Lapwing Vanellus melanopterus This grassland wader was spotted near Dodola, Goba and Liben Plain. Crowned Lapwing Vanellus coronatus Another grassland lapwing that was seen near Liben Plain, Yabello and Lake Abijata. [African] Wattled Lapwing Vanellus senegallus These handsome lapwings were seen en route to Negele and in Ghibe Gorge. Spot-breasted Lapwing (E) Vanellus melanocephalus At least 100 of these wonderful endemics was seen just outside Goba. Common Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula This migratory plover was common on muddy shorelines at Lake Chelekcheka, Koka Dam and Lake Abijata.

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Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius These neat little plovers were seen at Lakes Ziway and Abijata. Kittlitz's Plover Charadrius pecuarius Biggest numbers were seen along the shorelines at Lakes Abijata and Langano. Three-banded Plover Charadrius tricollaris A popular bird, this attractive plover was seen a few times near Koka Dam, Yabello and Ghibe Gorge. Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus We found ten of these birds, some in crisp, clean breeding plumage.

Jacanas Jacanidae African Jacana Actophilornis africanus These “lily-trotters” were common in suitable habitat around the Rift Valley lakes.

Sandpipers, Snipes Scolopacidae African Snipe Gallinago nigripennis We flushed two birds from a wetland on the Sanetti Plateau. Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago We enjoyed great views of these skulking waders at Lakes Ziway, Abijata and Langano. Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa We saw this large shorebird at Lakes Ziway, Chelekcheka and Langano. Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis Seen well at Lakes Ziway, Chelekcheka, Langano and Abijata. Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia We saw this at the same sites as the previous species. Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus Singletons were commonly encountered at quiet streams and ponds, particularly on the Sanetti Plateau. Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola A widespread wader found at various wetlands and Rift Valley lakes. Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos As with the previous species, this bird was common at wetlands. Little Stint Calidris minuta We recorded fair numbers of these along the margins of the Rift Valley lakes. Temminck's Stint Calidris temminckii Less common than the previous species and generally found in less open habitat at Lakes Ziway and Abijata and in Awash NP. Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea A few were seen at Bishangari and Lake Abijata. Ruff Philomachus pugnax This species was common on the Rift Valley lakes.

Gulls, Terns and Skimmers Laridae Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus This gull was fairly common on the Rift Valley lakes, particularly Ziway and Langano. Grey-hooded Gull Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus We saw several in breeding plumage at Lake Langano. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Gray-hooded Gull. Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus We had good views of birds of various ages at Lake Langano. Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica

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This large, pale tern was seen at various Rift Valley lakes. Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida We had this species at Koka Dam. White-winged Tern Chlidonias leucopterus This small marsh tern was seen in the same areas as Gull-billed Tern.

Sandgrouse Pteroclididae Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse Pterocles exustus We saw this species at Alleghedi Plains. Black-faced Sandgrouse Pterocles decoratus A single bird was glimpsed as it flew high overhead near Dawa River. Lichtenstein's Sandgrouse Pterocles lichtensteinii Three of these beautiful birds were spotted by a very keen-eyed guest in Awash NP. NOTE: The nominate African form which we recorded may be regarded as distinct from the Asian P. l. arabicus which would be renamed Close-barred Sandgrouse. Neither IOC or Clements recognizes this spilt.

Pigeons, Doves Columbidae Rock Dove Columba livia This species was noted a few times around human habitation. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Rock Pigeon. Speckled Pigeon Columba guinea This pigeon was recorded on every single day of the tour, often around human settlements. White-collared Pigeon (E) Columba albitorques We found this dark blue endemic at various high altitude sites including Lalibela and the Ankober Escarpment. African Olive Pigeon Columba arquatrix This lovely pigeon was seen at Bishangari and around Weliso, among other places. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Rameron Pigeon. Lemon Dove Columba larvata This normally shy species showed well at Bishangari and Weliso. Dusky Turtle Dove Streptopelia lugens This species was common in higher altitude areas like Addis Ababa. African Collared Dove Streptopelia roseogrisea This tricky species was found at Bilen. White-winged Collared Dove (NE) Streptopelia reichenowi We had great views of this attractive dove near the Dawa River, and also found what might have been a hybrid between this species and Ring-necked Dove. Mourning Collared Dove Streptopelia decipiens We saw this species at a number of woodland sites during the tour. Red-eyed Dove Streptopelia semitorquata This species was recorded quite frequently during the tour in areas of woodland. Ring-necked Dove Streptopelia capicola This widespread species was common lower-lying woodland habitat. Vinaceous Dove Streptopelia vinacea This delicately pinkish dove was seen well in Ghibe Gorge. Laughing Dove Spilopelia senegalensis As with the Ring-necked Dove, this species was widespread. NOTE: Clements places this species in a different genus, namely Streptopelia Emerald-spotted Wood Dove Turtur chalcospilos A pretty little dove that was seen around Sof Omar and Yabello. Blue-spotted Wood Dove Turtur afer We saw three of this colourfully-billed dove in Bishangari.

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Tambourine Dove Turtur tympanistra Brief views were had in Harenna Forest and Bishangari. Namaqua Dove Oena capensis This lovely little dove was common in drier areas like Sof Omar, Awash NP and Bilen. Bruce's Green Pigeon Treron waalia This gorgeous pigeon was seen near Koka Dam, en route to Negele and at Bishangari where it was our 10th columbid species that day!

Parrots Psittacidae Black-winged Lovebird (E) Agapornis taranta This bright little parrot was common around Lakes Awassa and Langano and Lalibela. Red-bellied Parrot Poicephalus rufiventris We enjoyed extended views of this gorgeous bird near Yabello. Yellow-fronted Parrot (E) Poicephalus flavifrons We also had phenomenal views of this super-saturated parrot at Bishangari.

Turacos Musophagidae White-cheeked Turaco (NE) Tauraco leucotis Our best sighting of this breath-taking bird was at Bishangari. Ruspoli's Turaco (E) Tauraco ruspolii We found seven of these beautiful endemics en route to Negele. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Prince Ruspoli’s Turaco. Bare-faced Go-away-bird Corythaixoides personatus We found this species near Yabello and at Bishangari. White-bellied Go-away-bird Corythaixoides leucogaster This turaco was a common sight in dry woodland such as Sof Omar and Awash NP. Eastern Plantain-eater Crinifer zonurus Four of these quirky birds showed wonderfully well at Awash NP.

Cuckoos Cuculidae White-browed Coucal Centropus superciliosus We had this species between Negele and Yabello. NOTE: Some authorities split the southern dark-browed Burchell’s Coucal C. burchelli from the northerly White- browed Coucal C. superciliosus which we recorded in Ethiopia. Klaas’s Cuckoo Chrysococcyx klaas This species was seen at Harenna Forest and Ghibe Gorge.

Owls Strigidae African Scops Owl Otus senegalensis This species was heard only in the Yabello area. Cape Eagle-Owl Bubo capensis With the help of local spotters we enjoyed excellent views of a well camouflaged bird on a cliff near Dinsho. Greyish Eagle-Owl Bubo cinerascens Seen at Lake Langano and in Awash NP. Pearl-spotted Owlet Glaucidium perlatum We had great sightings en route to and around Yabello.

Nightjars Caprimulgidae Slender-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus clarus Views of a day-roosting bird at Lake Langano were followed by sightings at Bilen and Awash NP.

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Swifts Apodidae African Palm Swift Cypsiurus parvus This swift was seen in Awash NP. Nyanza Swift Apus niansae Two birds were sighted in Awash NP.

Mousebirds Coliidae Speckled Mousebird Colius striatus Widespread and seen often on tour. Blue-naped Mousebird Urocolius macrourus This mousebird was found in drier habitats than the previous species, particularly Yabello and Awash NP.

Trogons Trogonidae Narina Trogon Apaloderma narina We saw a female at Sof Omar and two males in Bishangari.

Rollers Coraciidae Purple Roller Coracias naevius This large roller was seen around Yabello. Lilac-breasted Roller Coracias caudatus A colourful species that was common around Yabello and the Rift Valley. NOTE: The subspecies which we recorded in Ethiopia, C. c. lorti might be split as Blue-breasted Roller which would become an Ethiopian near-endemic, based upon coloration of the breast and crown and an isolated population. Abyssinian Roller Coracias abyssinicus This stunning bird was common around Bilen, Awash NP and Ghibe Gorge. Broad-billed Roller Eurystomus glaucurus Two birds were seen by some at Bishangari.

Kingfishers Alcedinidae Grey-headed Kingfisher Halcyon leucocephala This beauty was seen at Lake Ziway, Ghibe Gorge and Jemma Valley. Striped Kingfisher Halcyon chelicuti We found this savannah kingfisher near Negele and Lake Langano. Woodland Kingfisher Halcyon senegalensis We saw this species at Lake Ziway and Bishangari, among others. African Pygmy Kingfisher Ispidina picta We saw a pair of these tiny birds near Bishangari. Malachite Kingfisher Alcedo cristata This colourful little bird was common around the Rift Valley lakes. Half-collared Kingfisher Alcedo semitorquata An often tricky bird, we were lucky to see one in Jemma Valley. Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis A common species at wetlands and rivers on tour.

Bee-eaters Meropidae Little Bee-eater Merops pusillus We found this species in Awash NP and near Yabello. Blue-breasted Bee-eater Merops variegates

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This species was found in Addis Ababa, Lake Bishoftu, Sof omar and Bishangari, where we also saw up to five “green morphs”. NOTE: The Ethiopian form M. v. lafresnayii, is considered by several authorities to form a distinct species, called Abyssinian Bee-eater, based on size, coloration, habitat differences, and this combined with the fact that this sub- species is restricted to the highlands of Ethiopia and the Boma Hills in Sudan. It would therefore be an Ethiopian near- endemic if full species status is awarded. This enigmatic race has in the past been lumped with Cinnamon-chested Bee- eater M. oreobates. European Bee-eater Merops apiaster A group of birds was seen flying over some agriculture fields in the Debre Birhan area. Northern Carmine Bee-eater Merops nubicus We had various sightings on tour, with many seen outside Awassa and at Bilen, where they gathered in the late afternoon to roost.

Hoopoes Upupidae Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops This species was widespread in woodland habitats. NOTE: IOC recognizes three species (African U. africana, Eurasian U. epops and Madagascar U. marginata).Clements only recognizes the Eurasian and Malagasy forms. A forth is sometimes recognized (but not by IOC), West/Central \African U. senegalensis. We only recorded the nominate Palaearctic migrant form U. e. epops.

Wood Hoopoes Phoeniculidae Black-billed Wood Hoopoe (NE) Phoeniculus somaliensis Seen a few times, with good sightings at Lake Awassa and Bishangari. Black Scimitarbill Rhinopomastus aterrimus We had excellent views at Bishangari. Abyssinian Scimitarbill Rhinopomastus minor We saw this species in Awash NP.

Hornbills Bucerotidae Hemprich's Hornbill Tockus hemprichii We had excellent sightings at Bishangari, Melka Ghebdu and Lalibela. African Grey Hornbill Tockus nasutus This dry savannah hornbill was seen en route to Yabello and in Awash NP. Northern Red-billed Hornbill Tockus erythrorhynchus This species was seen around Sof Omar, Negele and Bilen. NOTE: Some authorities (including the IOC) have split the Red-billed Hornbill complex into five species. Eastern Yellow-billed Hornbill Tockus flavirostris Seen near Dawa River. Von der Decken's Hornbill Tockus deckeni This sexually dimorphic hornbill was seen near Sof Omar, Dawa River, Negele. Silvery-cheeked Hornbill Bycanistes brevis These large, impressive hornbills were common around Awassa, Bishangari and Weliso.

Ground Hornbills Bucorvidae Abyssinian Ground Hornbill Bucorvus abyssinicus We saw this large, charismatic species multiple times, usually walking around in crop fields alongside the road.

African Barbets Lybiidae Red-fronted Tinkerbird Pogoniulus pusillus We had super views at Sof Omar and Awash NP. Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird Pogoniulus chrysoconus

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We saw one bird in Harenna Forest. Red-fronted Barbet Tricholaema diademata Best sightings were from Yabello. Black-throated Barbet Tricholaema melanocephala This species was found in dry woodland along the road to Bogol Manyo. NOTE: The Serengeti and northern Tanzanian form of this barbet, T. m. flavibuccalis is sometimes considered a different species (Yellow-cheeked Barbet) from the nominate form which we recorded in Ethiopia, although this is not followed by the IOC nor Clements. Banded Barbet (NE) Lybius undatus This lovely endemic showed well at Lake Bishoftu and Bishangari. Black-billed Barbet Lybius guifsobalito Initially seen at Lake Ziway with further sightings in Awash NP. Double-toothed Barbet Lybius bidentatus This large, bright barbet was seen en route to Negele and again at Bishangari. Red-and-yellow Barbet Trachyphonus erythrocephalus A gorgeous species that was seen en route to Negele and Yabello. Yellow-breasted Barbet Trachyphonus margaritatus We saw this species at Bilen, Melka Ghebdu track and near Lalibela. D'Arnaud's Barbet Trachyphonus darnaudii This cute species was common around Yabello.

Honeyguides Indicatoridae Green-backed Honeybird Prodotiscus zambesiae A single bird provided decent views along Lake Awassa. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Wahlberg's Honeyguide. Lesser Honeyguide Indicator minor We saw four birds in Sof Omar and another at Bishangati. Scaly-throated Honeyguide Indicator variegatus We managed to find a calling bird at Bishangari.

Woodpeckers Picidae Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla We saw two birds very well near Lake Awassa. Red-throated Wryneck Jynx ruficollis Also seen well at Lake Awassa. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Rufous-necked Wryneck. Nubian Woodpecker Campethera nubica This medium-sized woodpecker was recorded near Yabello and Bishangari. Abyssinian Woodpecker (E) Dendropicos abyssinicus We found two of these beautiful little woodpeckers in Harenna Forest. Cardinal Woodpecker Dendropicos fuscescens Another small woodpecker that was seen at Sof Omar, the road to Bogol Manyo and Awash NP. Bearded Woodpecker Dendropicos namaquus After some work we finally had a pair of birds fly in at Lake Abijata. Eastern Grey Woodpecker Dendropicos spodocephalus Seen well at Lake Awassa and near Lake Langano. NOTE: Clements uses the common name: Gray-headed Woodpecker. The form we saw is split by some authorities (such as Clements and IOC) from African Grey Woodpecker, D.goertae

Wattle-eyes, Batises Platysteiridae Grey-headed Batis Batis orientalis Seen at Sof Omar, en route to Negele and Awash NP.

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Western Black-headed Batis Batis minor The moist-habitat counterpart of the previous species was seen well at Lake Awassa and Bishangari. NOTE: Clements does not accept the spilt between Eastern and Western Black-headed Batis. Pygmy Batis Batis perkeo We had excellent views of four brids near the Dawa River. Brown-throated Wattle-eye Platysteira cyanea One bird was seen at Bishangari.

Helmetshrikes Prionopidae White-crested Helmetshrike Prionops plumatus These characters were seen en route to Negele, along the Bogol Manyo Road and in Ghibe Gorge. NOTE: That Clements uses the common name White Helmetshrike.

Bushshrikes Malaconotidae Grey-headed Bushshrike Malaconotus blanchoti Birds were seen at Heranna Forest and Lalibela. Orange-breasted Bushshrike Chlorophoneus sulfureopectus A gorgeous bird, we saw this at Yabello and Awash NP. NOTE: Clements places this species in a different genus, namely Telophorus and uses the common name Sulphur-breasted Bushshrike. Rosy-patched Bushshrike Teloporus cruentus This beauty was common in Yabello and Awash NP. NOTE: Clements places this species in a different genus, namely Rhodophoneus. Black-crowned Tchagra Tchagra senegalus Seen at Yabello, Lake Abijata, Awash NP and Ghibe Gorge. Northern Puffback Dryoscopus gambensis Seen at Yabello and Bishangari. Pringle's Puffback Dryoscopus pringlii We saw two birds at the Dawa River. Slate-coloured Boubou Laniarius funebris We found this all-dark species at Sof Omar and around Yabello. Ethiopian Boubou Laniarius aethiopicus Seen, and more often heard, in moist forest and thicket around Bishangari, the Rift Valley lakes and Goba. NOTE: Clements does not accept this spilt and places it under TropicalBoubou (Laniarius aethiopicus) Brubru Nilaus afer We saw this little shrike while on our way from Negele to Yabello. NOTE: This previously monotypic genus might be split 4 ways: Northern Brubru N. afer, Black-browed Brubru N. nigritemporalis, Angola Brubru N. affinis and Southern Brubru N. brubru. Only the Northern Brubru occurs in Ethiopia. IOC does not recognize these splits.

Cuckooshrikes Campephagidae Black Cuckooshrike Campephaga flava A bird was seen in the dry woodlands to the south of Yabello. Red-shouldered Cuckooshrike Campephaga phoenicea We saw a male and a female bird in the forest at Bishangari.

Shrikes Laniidae Northern White-crowned Shrike Eurocephalus rueppelli Common in dry savannah throughout the tour. NOTE: That Clements uses the common White-rumped Shrike.

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Isabelline Shrike Lanius isabellinus We found this bird en route to Negele from Goba, and also around Awash NP and Bilen. NOTE: This complex which used to be lumped with Red-backed Shrike L. collurio is being considered for a further 3- way split. The western L. i. phoenicuroides (Red-tailed Shrike) group and the nominate Isabelline Shrike group have both been recorded in Ethiopia. The L. i. speculigerus (Daurian Shrike) group are extra-limital. Clements does not as yet recognize the three-way split of the L. isabellinus group but does recognize the split from the Red-backed Shrike L. collurio group. Red-tailed Shrike Lanius phoenicuroides Seen at Lake Chelekcheka and along the Bogol Manyo road. Steppe Grey Shrike Lanius pallidirostris Seen well at Alleghedi Plain and Awash NP. Grey-backed Fiscal Lanius excubitoroides Seen near Awassa, Bishangari and Lake Abijata. Somali Fiscal Lanius somalicus This fiscal was common in Yabello and Awash NP. Northern Fiscal Lanius humeralis Good numbers of these common birds were seen regularly in open country and at higher altitudes. Woodchat Shrike Lanius senator We saw this pretty shrike daily in the Awash and Bilen areas. Masked Shrike Lanius nubicus We were lucky to find three of these at Bishangari.

Orioles Oriolidae Ethiopian Oriole (E) Oriolus monacha Seen well at Bishangari. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Dark-headed Oriole. Black-headed Oriole Oriolus larvatus We had good views at Yabello. NOTE: That Clements uses the common African Black-headed Oriole.

Drongos Dicruridae Fork-tailed Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis A conspicuous species that was seen on many days of the tour in a variety of woodland habitats.

Monarchs Monarchidae African Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone viridis This lovely bird was seen often in forest and woodland habitat at Awassa, Addis Ababa and near Goba. NOTE: The northern races of this widespread African species which include the nominate form may be separated from the southern races which would become Grey-headed Paradise-Flycatcher T. plumbeiceps. The subspecies which we recorded in Ethiopia is T. v. ferreti would fall within the northern African Paradise-Flycatcher complex T. viridis if the group were to be split. Beside plumage and distributional differences, only the northern forms display polymorphism in males and we observed an example of this phenomenon in Ethiopia. Neither IOC nor Clements recognize this split.

Crows, Jays Corvidae Stresemann's Bushcrow (E) Zavattariornis stresemanni This unique endemic was fairly common around Yabello. Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax We found two birds on the Sanetti Plateau. Cape Crow Corvus capensis We encountered this species on many occasions in the highland areas of Ethiopia. Pied Crow Corvus albus The most common and widespread corvid, often found around human habitation.

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Somali Crow (NE) Corvus edithae Seen well around Goba and Negele. NOTE: IOC and Clements recognize the split of Somali Crow C. edithae from Brown-necked Raven C. ruficollis. This species is considered distinct based on habitat, distribution (it is an Ethiopian near-endemic), plumage, physiology, call and behavior. It is known to hybridize with Pied Crow C. albus. Fan-tailed Raven Corvus rhipidurus Another common and widespread corvid found in a variety of open and cliff-face habitats. Thick-billed Raven (E) Corvus crassirostris This hefty endemic was seen in Shashemene, Yabello and Weliso.

Tits, Chickadees Paridae White-winged Black Tit Melaniparus leucomelas This species showed well at Bishangari. White-backed Black Tit (E) Melaniparus leuconotus We had excellent views at Dinsho and the Juniper Forest above Goba. Acacia Tit Melaniparus thruppi This sprightly little tit was seen in Sof Omar and Yabello. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Somali Tit.

Penduline Tits Remizidae Mouse-coloured Penduline Tit Anthoscopus musculus Our first sighting was an hour or two north of Yabello, with daily sightings in Awash NP.

Larks Alaudidae Singing Bush Lark Mirafra cantillans We had good views of multiple birds in Awash NP. Red-winged Lark Mirafra hypermetra We were treated to fantastic views of a single perched bird in Awash NP. Gillett's Lark (NE) Mirafra gilletti A bird was seen in Awash NP. Sidamo Lark (E) Heteromirafra sidamoensis We located two of these highly endangered larks on the Liben Plain. Foxy Lark Calandrella alopex We saw four of these beautifully marked larks around Yabello. Erlanger's Lark (E) Calandrella erlangeri We finally connected with this attractive lark in agricultural fields en route to Debre Birhan. NOTE: Clements has given C. erlangeri of central Ethiopia full species status. The Blanford’s/Erlanger’s Lark complex was originally lumped within the Red-capped Lark complex C. cinerea, which itself was lumped within the Greater Short-toed Lark complex C. brachydactyla! Somali Short-toed Lark (NE) Calandrella somalica This species was common on the Liben Plain. Thekla Lark Galerida theklae A common sight up on the Sanetti Plateau and around Gemassa Geden. Chestnut-backed Sparrow-Lark Eremopterix leucotis This handsome little bird was seen well at Lake Chelekcheka, Alleghedi Plain and Awash NP. Chestnut-headed Sparrow-Lark Eremopterix signatus We found this species at Bilen.

Bulbuls Pycnonotidae Common Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus A widespread species seen in moist woodland throughout most of the tour. Somali Bulbul (NE) Pycnonotus somaliensis

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This species was seen in Bilen and Awash NP. NOTE: Clements does not accept the spilt of this species and the two below and lumps them all under Common Bulbul (Pycnonotus barbatus). Dodson's Bulbul (NE) Pycnonotus dodsoni Found in dry woodland around Sof Omar and Yabello. Dark-capped Bulbul Pycnonotus tricolor We recorded this species in Harenna Forest and around Goba. Northern Brownbul Phyllastrephus strepitans Seen at Sof Omar and Yabello.

Swallows, Martins Hirundinidae Black Saw-wing Psalidoprocne pristoptera We saw this forest swallow over Harenna Forest and at Bishangari. NOTE: The Black Sawwing P. pristoptera complex was split into 8 full species which caused extreme confusion with regard to their distributions and field identification. However, all authorities including IOC and Clements have now accepted one species. Grey-rumped Swallow Pseudhirundo griseopyga A few birds were seen near Goba and Lake Chelekcheka. Brown-throated Martin Riparia paludicola A common sight around the Rift Valley lakes and Bishangari. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Plain Martin. Sand Martin Riparia riparia Seen near Lakes Ziway and Abijata and around Bilen. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Bank Swallow. Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica The commonest swallow, seen almost daily. NOTE: This cosmopolitan species complex may be split based on the Old World nominate form and its congeners which would become Eurasian Swallow H. rustica and the New World Barn Swallow H. erythrogaster. Further splitting within the group may also be done e.g. the distinctive H. r. savignii which breeds in the Nile Valley and would be named Egyptian Swallow. We only recorded representatives of the Palaearctic migrant Barn/Eurasian Swallow. Neither IOC nor Clements recognize any of these splits. Ethiopian Swallow Hirundo aethiopica Seen around Negele and Liben Plain. Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii Found at Ghibe Gorge and Jemma Valley. NOTE: This species complex could be split based on the African nominate form that would become African Wire-tailed Swallow and the Asian Wire-tailed Swallow that would be H. filifera. Neither IOC nor Clements recognize this split. White-tailed Swallow (E) Hirundo megaensis This small endemic swallow was seen around Yabello. Eurasian Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris A number of birds were seen at Jemma Valley. Rock Martin Ptyonoprogne fuligula Recorded at a few scattered rocky and cliff sites during the tour. Common House Martin Delichon urbicum Seen near Liben Plain and Lake Abijata. Lesser Striped Swallow Cecropis abyssinica This beautiful little swallow was seen near Liben Plain. Red-rumped Swallow Cecropis daurica Common in higher-lying areas around Addis Ababa and Awash NP. NOTE: The resident H. d. melanocrissus which we recorded may be considered a distinct species; Black-vented Swallow, which would become an Ethiopian endemic. IOC does not as yet recognize this split. Further extra-limital splits are likely within this wide-ranging species complex.

Crombecs, African warblers Macrosphenidae

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Moustached Grass Warbler Melocichla mentalis We had super views of a bird in Ghibe Gorge. Northern Crombec Sylvietta brachyura Seen at Jemma Valley, Sof Omar and en route to Negele. Red-faced Crombec Sylvietta whytii This species was common around Yabello and Awash NP. Somali Crombec (NE) Sylvietta isabellina We saw a single bird near Sof Omar.

Leaf Warblers & Allies Phylloscopidae Brown Woodland Warbler Phylloscopus umbrovirens We found two birds in the Juniper Forest near Goba. Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus Seen at Lake Ziway and Lalibela. Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita Widely recorded throughout the tour in woodland areas. NOTE: Most authorities including (IOC and Clements) have split the Chiffchaff complex into 4 full species.

Reed Warblers & Allies Acrocephalidae Lesser Swamp Warbler Acrocephalus gracilirostris Good and close-up views were had a bird in the Lake Awassa area. Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus Seen around Lake Ziway and near Goba. Eastern Olivaceous Warbler Iduna pallida Seen in Awash NP and Ghibe Gorge. NOTE: IOC and Clements have split Olivaceous Warbler into two species namely, Eastern Olivaceous I. pallida and Western Olivaceous I. opaca. Icterine Warbler Hippolais icterina A single bird was seen feeding in the larger trees along the Gibe River.

Grassbirds & Allies Locustellidae Little Rush Warbler Bradypterus baboecala A single bird briefly showed after coming in to calls in some sedges en route from Yabello to Bishangari. Cinnamon Bracken Warbler Bradypterus cinnamomeus We saw this normally skulking species wonderfully well as we were ascending the Sanetti Plateau.

Cisticolas & Allies Cisticolidae Singing Cisticola Cisticola cantans This cisticola was seen well at Jemma Valley and in Lalibela. Rattling Cisticola Cisticola chiniana A common denizen of dry woodland and savannah throughout the tour. Boran Cisticola (NE) Cisticola bodessa We had this species en route to Negele and near Liben Plain. Ashy Cisticola Cisticola cinereolus This drab cisticola was seen in Awash NP. Ethiopian Cisticola (E) Cisticola lugubris This species was common in wetlands, damp habitats and adjacent areas. NOTE: IOC have split the Winding Cisticola complex into five species (Winding C. marginatus, Coastal C. haematocephalus, Luapula C. luapula, Rufous-winged C. galactotes and Ethiopian C. lugubris). Clements lumps them all under Winding Cisticola (Cisticola galactotes). Pectoral-patch Cisticola Cisticola brunnescens

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Birds in breeding plumage showed well at Liben Plain. Tawny-flanked Prinia Prinia subflava A noisy little warbler that was seen near Sof Omar, Melka Ghebdu, Weliso and other places. Pale Prinia Prinia somalica Seen along the Bogol Manyo road and near Dawa River. Buff-bellied Warbler Phyllolais pulchella A common canopy forager in Acacia trees around Lakes Ziway and Awassa, and around Yabello. Yellow-breasted Apalis Apalis flavida Seen often around Yabello. NOTE: This widespread polytypic African species may be split into two species. The form we saw is sometimes split as Brown-tailed Apalis A. viridiceps. IOC does not accept this split. Red-fronted Warbler Urorhipis rufifrons We saw this prinia-like warbler at Alleghedi Plain. Grey-backed Camaroptera Camaroptera brevicaudata Seen and heard often in woodland, forest and thickets. NOTE: IOC splits this species into Grey-backed Camaroptera (the birds we saw) and Green-backed Camaroptera C. brachyura. Clements does not as yet follow this split. Grey Wren-Warbler Calamonastes simplex Our first sighting was at Sof Omar, with more birds seen around Yabello. Yellow-bellied Eremomela Eremomela icteropygialis This little species was common around Yabello and Awash NP.

Laughingthrushes Leiothrichidae Rufous Chatterer Turdoides rubiginosa This comical species was seen around Yabello, Lake Langano and in Awash NP. White-rumped Babbler (NE) Turdoides leucopygia We saw a couple of different subspecies at Lake Awassa, Bishangari and Lalibela.

Sylviid Babblers, Parrotbills Sylviidae Abyssinian Catbird (E) Parophasma galinieri We worked for, and finally saw, this endemic in the Juniper Forest and at Lalibela. Eurasian Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla This species was common around Lake Bishoftu and Bishangari. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Blackcap. Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca Seen near Lake Awassa, Bishangari and Awash Falls NP. Brown Parisoma Sylvia lugens We saw this species at our hotel in Addis Ababa. NOTE: Some authorities split this complex into 2 full species, Brown Warbler, S.lugens and Bale Warbler, S.griseaventris. The latter species is endemic to the Bale Mountains and represents the individuals that we saw. Banded Parisoma Sylvia boehmi This lively species showed nicely at Yabello. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Banded Warbler.

White-eyes Zosteropidae Abyssinian White-eye Zosterops abyssinicus This faded yellow species was seen around Yabello and Gemassa Geden. NOTE: Some authorities split this complex into 2 full species, namely Abyssinian White-eye Z. abyssinicus and the Kenyan and Tanzanian form Z. flavilateralis. Clements uses the common White-breasted White-eye. Montane White-eye (NE) Zosterops poliogastrus This brighter yellow bird was common in forest near Goba, Addis Ababa and Weliso. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Broad-ringed White-eye and ome authorities split this complex into 6 full species.

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Treecreepers Certhiidae African Spotted Creeper Salpornis spilonotus Two birds were seen incredibly well at Lake Awassa. NOTE: That Clements does not accept this spilt and lumps it with the Spotted Creeper (Salpornis spilonotus).

Starlings Sturnidae Wattled Starling Creatophora cinerea This nomadic species was seen at Bishangari and around Bilen. Greater Blue-eared Starling Lamprotornis chalybaeus A common species, recorded almost every day of the tour. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Greater Blue-eared Glossy-Starling. Lesser Blue-eared Starling Lamprotornis purpuroptera We saw 20 of these sleek birds in the company of the previous species in Ghibe Gorge. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Lesser Blue-eared Glossy-Starling. Rüppell's Starling Lamprotornis purpuroptera This species was common around Lakes Ziway and Awassa, Bishangari and Awash NP. NOTE: That Clements uses the common Rueppell's Glossy-Starling. Golden-breasted Starling Lamprotornis regius These magnificent birds were seen well en route to and around Yabello. Superb Starling Lamprotornis superbus This widespread starling was commonly seen in woodland and agricultural habitats. Shelley's Starling Lamprotornis shelleyi Seen between Negele and Yabello. White-crowned Starling (NE) Lamprotornis albicapillus This subtly coloured starling was found on Liben Plain and en route to Yabello. NOTE: Clements places this species in a different genus, namely Spreo. Violet-backed Starling Cinnyricinclus leucogaster We saw this beauty best at Bishangari. Red-winged Starling Onychognathus morio This species was seen at Yabello and on the Lalibela extension. Slender-billed Starling Onychognathus tenuirostris We had this starling in harenna Forest and on our way down to Melka Ghebdu Track. Bristle-crowned Starling Onychognathus salvadorii This large starling was seen in Sof Omar valley and near Mega. White-billed Starling (E) Onychognathus albirostris Half a dozen birds were seen at Jemma Valley, but we had better looks in Lalibela where this species was common. Magpie Starling Speculipastor bicolor We saw five of these tricky and nomadic starlings while travelling from Negele to Yabello.

Oxpeckers Buphagidae Red-billed Oxpecker Buphagus erythrorhynchus We happened upon this species anywhere that there was game or livestock.

Thrushes Turdidae Abyssinian Ground Thrush Zoothera piaggiae We had marvellous views of a bird in the Juniper Forest near Goba. Groundscraper Thrush Psophocichla litsitsirupa Seen well in upland grasslands around Goba, the Sanetti Plateau and Gemassa Geden. NOTE: This subspecies of Groundscraper Thrush P. l. simensis is considered a distinct species by some authorities and would therefore become a further Ethiopian endemic. This split is based on distribution (P. l. simensis forms an isolated

RBT Ethiopian Endemics I Trip Report 2014 29 population far to the north of the nominate form), habitat (high altitude grasslands versus wooded Southern savannas of the nominate), plumage and vocal differences. IOC and Clements does not as yet recognize this split. African Thrush Turdus pelios Seen at Lake Awassa and en route to Negele from Goba. Bare-eyed Thrush Turdus tephronotus Two birds showed very well in dry woodland along the way to Yabello from Negele. NOTE: Clements uses the common name African Bare-eyed Thrush. Abyssinian Thrush Turdus abyssinicus Seen at various higher altitude sites like Addis Ababa, Harenna Forest and Lalibela. NOTE: The Olive Thrush complex has been split by the IOC into five species. Clements does not as yet recognize any of these splits, some of which are already well accepted e.g. Taita Thrush T. helleri.

Chats, Old World Flycatchers Muscicapidae Common Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos This extreme skulker was only heard and not seen. Rüppell's Robin-Chat (NE) Cossypha semirufa This lovely bird was common at our Addis Ababa hotel, the Juniper Forest and Bishangari. NOTE: Clements uses the common name Rueppell's Robin-Chat. White-browed Robin-Chat Cossypha heuglini This accomplished songster was seen at Lake Awassa. Red-capped Robin-Chat Cossypha natalensis We managed to find this localised species at Bishangari. Snowy-crowned Robin-Chat Cossypha niveicapilla We were lucky to find two birds on our way down into Ghibe Gorge. Spotted Palm Thrush Cichladusa guttata We saw this species in the Yabello area. NOTE: Clements uses the common name Spotted Morning-Thrush. White-browed Scrub Robin Erythropygia leucophrys We saw this small robin on the Bogol Manyo road and en route to Yabello, as well as at Awash NP. NOTE: This widespread African complex is being reviewed for a 3-way split, the Southern African C. l. leucophrys group would become White-browed Scrub-Robin, the Central African C. l. zambesiana would be Red-backed Scrub- Robin and the Northern African C. l. leucoptera would become White-winged Scrub-Robin. The latter is the form we recorded in Ethiopia. Clements does not as yet recognize these splits. Black Scrub Robin Cercotrichas podobe This guy made us work for it, but eventually we all had terrific views at Bilen. Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus We had great views of this handsome bird, especially at Lake Ziway. Whinchat Saxicola rubetra We had two birds at our longclaw stop shortly before Dodola and another on our way to Sof Omar. Siberian Stonechat Saxicola maurus Seen near Lake Chelekcheka and Jemma Valley. African Stonechat Saxicola torquatus This very attractive species was seen near Goba and en route from Yabello to Bishangari. NOTE: Although IOC and Clements recognize the split of African S. torquatus and European S. rubicola Stonechats, the form we recorded in the highlands of Ethiopia S. t. albofasciata is considered for further separation as Ethiopian Stonechat and would then become an Ethiopian near-endemic. Neither IOC nor Clements recognize this split. Red-breasted Wheatear Oenanthe bottae This attractive bird was found in fields around Goba and Debre Birhan.. NOTE: This African and Arabian complex is treated as two species by IOC, Heuglin’s Wheatear O. heuglini of the Sahelian zone of Africa and Red-breasted Wheatear O. bottae, which is resident in Ethiopia and Arabia and is the form which we recorded. This split is not as yet recognized by Clements. Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina A common species found in a variety of dry habitats. Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe

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Also pretty common and found in similar areas to the previous species. NOTE: The North-West African race may be split off as Black-throated Wheatear O. seebohmi (although this is not yet ratified by the IOC). The Palaearctic migrant forms which we recorded would remain within the nominate group. Pied Wheatear Oenanthe pleschanka This species was common throughout, often inhabiting more wooded habitats that the previous two species. We also saw the striking vittata form along the Ankober Escarpment. Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe hispanica A male showed very well at our lodge in Awash NP, and later at Lalibela as well. Abyssinian Wheatear Oenanthe lugubris We found this bird at Lake Bishoftu, Lake Shalla/Abijata, Ghibe Gorge and Lalibela. NOTE: Clements does not support this spilt and lumps it with Mourning Wheatear (Oenanthe lugens) Blackstart Oenanthe melanura We saw three birds very nicely at the lave fields near Lake Beseka. NOTE: Clements places this species in a different genus, namely Cercomela. Brown-tailed Rock Chat Oenanthe scotocerca This species was seen well at Sof Omar. NOTE: Clements places this species in a different genus, namely Cercomela. Sombre Rock Chat Oenanthe dubia We enjoyed excellent views of this anti-climactic near-endemic near Lake Beseka. NOTE: Clements places this species in a different genus, namely Cercomela. Moorland Chat (NE) Pinarochroa sordida This very upright species was common in highland areas, especially up on the Sanetti Plateau. NOTE: Clements places this species in a different genus, namely Cercomela. Rüppell's Black Chat (E) Myrmecocichla melaena Seen at Jemma Valley and Lalibela. NOTE: Clements uses the common name Rueppell's Chat. White-fronted Black Chat Pentholaea albifrons This species was seen on the Lalibela extension. NOTE: Clements places this species in a different genus, namely Myrmecocichla. Mocking Cliff Chat Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris Seen well at Lake Bishoftu, Jemma Valley and in Lalibela. NOTE: White-crowned Cliff-Chat, T. coronata of West Africa is considered by IOC as a full species. Clements does not recognize this species as yet. White-winged Cliff Chat (E) Thamnolaea semirufa We were not able to find this on the main tour, but we had good views on the Lalibela extension. Rufous-tailed Rock Thrush Monticola saxatilis Seen near Yabello and Lalibela. Little Rock Thrush Monticola rufocinereus This small species was seen well at Lake Langano and Ghibe Gorge. Blue Rock Thrush Monticola solitarius We had excellent views of birds at Gemassa Geden, Jemma Valley and in Lalibela. Abyssinian Slaty Flycatcher (E) Dioptrornis chocolatinus This species was common in higher elevation forests like Harenna, the Juniper Forest and around Addis Ababa. NOTE: Clements places this species in a different genus, namely Melaenornis. Northern Black Flycatcher Melaenornis edolioides We saw this species well around Goba, Sof Omar, Yabello and other sites. Pale Flycatcher Bradornis pallidus This species was seen near Lalibela. African Grey Flycatcher Bradornis mycrorhynchus This bird was common in dry woodland habitat such as that around Yabello. NOTE: The sub-species we saw is sometimes considered a split from African Grey Flycatcher B. microrhynchus, known as Ethiopian Grey Flycatcher B. pumilis. African Dusky Flycatcher Muscicapa adusta

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This miniscule flycatcher was seen in forest habitats around Bale Mountain National Park and in Addis Ababa. NOTE: Clements uses the common name Dusky-brown Flycatcher.

Sunbirds Nectariniidae Eastern Violet-backed Sunbird Anthreptes orientalis We found this species near Yabello. NOTE: Clements uses the common name Keyna Violet-backed Sunbird. Collared Sunbird Hedydipna collaris This short-billed sunbird was found in Harenna and Bishangari Forests and at Sof Omar. Nile Valley Sunbird Hedydipna metallica This stunner was seen at Bilen. Scarlet-chested Sunbird Chalcomitra senegalensis These beauties were seen in Addis Ababa, around Lake Awassa and in Lalibela. Hunter's Sunbird Chalcomitra hunteri We saw this, the dry country equivalent of the previous species around Yabello and on the road to Bogol Manyo. Tacazze Sunbird Nectarinia tacazze This large, long-tailed sunbird was seen in Addis Ababa, the Juniper Forest and Lalibela. Beautiful Sunbird Cinnyris pulchellus We saw this pretty little sunbird around the Rift Valley lakes. Marico Sunbird Cinnyris mariquensis Seen in dry woodland around Yabello and Melka Ghebdu track. NOTE: Some authorities split this complex into 2 full species. The subspecies C. m. osiris which we recorded in Ethiopia would become Swahili Sunbird as opposed to the nominate form which would remain as Marico Sunbird. Shining Sunbird Cinnyris habessinicus This stunning species showed well in Sof Omar and Awash NP. Variable Sunbird Cinnyris venustus We recorded both forms of this sunbird – albiventris (white) and fazoqlensis (yellow) races were recorded. NOTE: We recorded the white-bellied race which may be split. Neither IOC nor Clements recognize this split.

Old World Sparrows Passeridae White-browed Sparrow-Weaver Plocepasser mahali A common species on tour, especially around yabello and Awash NP. Chestnut-crowned Sparrow-Weaver This attractive species was seen in Jemma Valley and near Lalibela. Grey-capped Social Weaver Pseudonigrita arnaudi We saw this little bird en route to and around Yabello. NOTE: Clements uses the common name Gray-headed Social-Weaver. Black-capped Social Weaver Pseudonigrita cabanisi Found on our way to Yabello from Negele. Shelley’s Sparrow Passer shelleyi These colourful sparrows were seen near Liben Plain and Mega. NOTE: Clements uses the common name Shelley’s Rufous Sparrow. Swainson’s Sparrow (NE) Passer swainsonii Very common, seen almost everywhere and on almost every day. Bush Petronia Gymnoris dentate Found at Bishangari, Jemma Valley and Ghibe Gorge. NOTE: Clements places this species and the next in a different genus, namely Petronia. Yellow-spotted Petronia Gymnoris pyrgita Seen well in the Yabello area.

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Weavers & Widowbirds Ploceidae Red-billed Buffalo Weaver Bubalornis niger This species was common in dry open savannah around Yabello, Negele and in Awash NP. NOTE: This species complex might be split into two, the nominate group would become Southern Red-billed Buffalo- Weaver and the form which we recorded in Ethiopia would become Northern Red-billed Buffalo-Weaver B. intermedius. Neither IOC nor Clements recognize this split. White-headed Buffalo Weaver Dinemellia dinemelli This striking species also proved to be very common in widespread savannah habitats. Speckle-fronted Weaver Sporopipes frontalis These dinky little weavers were seen in Jemma Valley and Lalibela. Thick-billed Weaver Sporopipes frontalis Seen well at Bishangari. NOTE: Clements uses the common name Grosbeak Weaver. Baglafecht Weaver Ploceus baglafecht This species was seen at a range of high-lying sites throughout the tour, often in forest or forest edge. NOTE: This polytypic species complex has been considered for multi-species splitting. We recorded two distinct subspecies which stand a good possibility of full species recognition: the nominate Baglafecht Weaver P. b. baglafecht was recorded around Addis Ababa and other higher altitude sites, and “Emin’s” Weaver P. b. emini was recorded through-out the Rift Valley e.g. Awassa. IOC and Clements do not recognize these splits. Little Weaver Ploceus luteolus We saw this diminutive weaver well at Lake Awassa. Spectacled Weaver Ploceus ocularis Seen at Lake Awassa, Bishangari and Melka Ghebdu track. Rüppell's Weaver Ploceus galbula Common around Lake Chelekcheka and later at Awash NP. NOTE: Clements uses the common name Rueppell's Weaver. Vitelline Masked Weaver Ploceus vitellinus We saw this species around Lake Awassa and Yabello. Speke's Weaver Ploceus spekei This weaver was common around our hotel in Yabello. Village Weaver Ploceus cucullatus Seen at Ghibe Gorge and Bishangari. Chestnut Weaver Ploceaus rubiginosus Only seen by some on our way to Yabello from Negele. Red-headed Weaver Anaplectes melanotis This gorgeous species showed well at Sof Omar, Bishangari and Awash NP. NOTE: This species complex might be split into two, the southern nominate group would remain Red-headed Weaver and the northern black-faced form which we recorded in Ethiopia would become Red-winged Weaver A. leuconotos. Neither IOC nor Clements recognize this split. Red-billed Quelea Quelea quelea Good numbers of these birds were seen in the Awash National Park and near Bishangari. Black-winged Red Bishop Euplectes hordeaceus We found a few birds on our way down into Ghibe Gorge. NOTE: Clements uses the common name Black-winged Bishop. Northern Red Bishop Euplectes franciscanus Birds in non-breeding plumage were common around Lake Chelekcheka and Bilen. NOTE: Clements uses the common name Orange Bishop. Red-collared Widowbird Euplectes ardens We saw this species on our way to Sof Omar – this race laticauda keeps its long tail in non- breeding plumage.

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Waxbills, Munias & Allies Estrildidae Green-winged Pytilia Pytilia melba One bird was seen in Awash NP. Cut-throat Finch Amadina fasciata Seen around Awassa, on the road to Bogol Manyo an in Awash NP. Green Twinspot Madingoa nitidula Only a few were able to see these shy forest birds at Bishangari. NOTE: Clements uses the common name Green-backed Twinspot. Red-billed Firefinch Lagonosticta senegala This species was common in savannah and forest edge habitat throughout the tour. Red-cheeked Cordon-bleu Uraeginthus bengalus We recorded this cute little species almost every single day. Purple Grenadier Uraeginthus ianthinogaster We saw this beautiful species en route to and around Yabello. NOTE: Clements places this species and the next in a different genus, namely Granatina. Yellow-bellied Waxbill Estrilda quartinia Seen on a few occasions, in the Juniper Forest and at Dinsho. Abyssinian Waxbill (NE) Estrilda ochrogaster Two birds at Lake Awassa were followed by many more at Ghibe Gorge. NOTE: This is a recent split from Fawn-breasted Waxbill Estrilda paludicola and is not accepted by Clements. Crimson-rumped Waxbill Estrilda rhodopyga This pretty species was seen at Sof Omar, Lake Abijata and Awash NP. Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild Seen at Lake Awassa. Black-cheeked Waxbill Estrilda charmosyna We saw half a dozen birds on our way down to Lake Abijata. Quailfinch Ortygospiza atricollis We eventually got good views of this secretive little bird at Lake Chelekcheka. African Silverbill Lonchura cantans Our best views came from Awash NP Bronze Mannikin Lonchura cucullata Seen on our first day in Addis Ababa, at Bishangari and Melka Ghebdu track. NOTE: Clements places this species and the next in a different genus, namely Spermestes.

Indigobirds, Whydahs Viduidae Village Indigobird Vidua chalybeata Most of your sightings of this little bird came from Awash NP. Note: This extremely confusing species complex is in consideration for a multi-species split. The form which we recorded in Ethiopia V. c. ultramarina would become Purple Indigobird as opposed to the nominate V. c. chalybeata Green Indigobird of West Africa and the southern V. c. amauropteryx or South African Indigobird. IOC and Clements do not recognize these splits. Long-tailed Paradise Whydah Vidua paradisaea This stunning species was seen at Bilen and Awash NP. NOTE: Clements uses the common name Eastern Paradise-Whydah.

Wagtails, Pipits Motacillidae Western Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava This species was plentiful in grassy, agricultural and damp habitas. Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea A single bird was seen along a river at Melka Gebdu track. Mountain Wagtail Motacilla clara Seen near Goba, Jemma Valley and Lalibela.

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White Wagtail Motacilla alba Singletons were seen at scattered wetlands across the tour. African Pied Wagtail Motacilla aguimp Seen along the Dawa and Awash Rivers. Abyssinian Longclaw (E) Macronyx flavicollis Seen en route to dodola and on the Sanetti Plateau. African Pipit Anthus cinnamomeus Many were seen around Lake Chelekcheka. Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris Seen at Bilen, Awash NP and Lalibela. Long-billed Pipit Anthus similis This inhabitant of rocky areas was seen in the Jemma Valley and Ghibe Gorge. Plain-backed Pipit Anthus leucophrys This species was common on Liben Plain and near Yabello. NOTE: A. l. goodsoni of central and SW Kenya may be split off from the nominate group A. leucophrys. The Ethiopian races we recorded would probably remain within the nominate complex. Neither IOC nor Clements recognize this split. Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis We had good views at Lake Awassa, among others. Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus This species was common in cultivated land and grassy areas, especially in higher-lying areas like Goba and the Sanetti Plateau.

Finches Fringillidae African Citril (NE) Crithagra citrinelloides This species was seen in Addis Ababa and at Lake Awassa and Goba. NOTE: This complex is now treated as three full species by IOC: Southern Citril, S. hypostictus, the central Western Citril S. frontalis and African Citril S. citrinelloides. Yellow-rumped Seedeater (NE) Crithagra xanthopygia Seen well in Ghibe Gorge and Lalibela. NOTE: Clements places this species in a different genus, namely Serinus, and uses the common name Yellow-rumped Serin. Reichenow’s Seedeater Crithagra reichenowi These little guys popped up around Lake Chelekcheka, negele and Liben Plain. NOTE: Clements places this species in a different genus, namely Serinus. Yellow-throated Seedeater Crithagra flavigula We found six of these highly range-restricted endemics along Melka Ghebdu track. NOTE: Clements places this species in a different genus, namely Serinus, and uses the common name Yellow-throated Serin. Yellow-fronted Canary Crithagra mozambica We found twenty or so in Ghibe Gorge. NOTE: Clements places this species in a different genus, namely Serinus. White-bellied Canary Crithagra dorsostriata We enjoyed good views at Yabello. NOTE: Clements places this species in a different genus, namely Serinus. Ankober Serin (E) Crithagra ankoberensis We found two birds at Gemassa Geden, unfortunately not seen by all. NOTE: Clements places this species in a different genus, namely Carduelis. Brown-rumped Seedeater (NE) Crithagra tristriata These drab canaries were common in high altitude areas. NOTE: Clements places this species in a different genus, namely Serinus. Streaky Seedeater Crithagra striolata As with the previous species, also common in higher-lying areas. NOTE: Clements places this species in a different genus, namely Serinus. Yellow-crowned Canary Serinus flavivertex A few were seen at a wetland near Goba. Ethiopian Siskin (E) Serinus nigriceps

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This beautiful endemic was abundant on the Sanetti Plateau, around Gemasa Geden and at Lalibela. NOTE: Clements uses the common name Abyssinian Siskin.

Buntings & Allies Emberizidae Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana Seen at Ghibe Gorge and Lalibela. Striolated Bunting Emberzia striolata We found six birds in lava fields close to Lake Beseka. Cinnamon-breasted Bunting Emberiza tahapisi This bird showed wonderfully well at Jemma Valley. Somali Bunting Emberiza poliopleura We saw this lovely species around Yabello, along the road to Bogol Manyo and at Awash NP.

Annotated List of Mammals recorded (40 species)

Note: Names and taxonomical order of the land mammals follow that of “The Kingdom Field Guide to African Mammals”; additional names are given in parenthesis and are likely to appear in other popular field guides.

Baboons & Monkeys Cercopithecidae Guereza Colobus Colobus guereza This lovely species was seen around Lake Awassa, Goba, Bishangari and Weliso. Sacred (Hamadryas) Baboon Papio hamadryas We saw a number of these unique baboons alongside the road en route to Bilen. Olive (Anubis) Baboon Papio anubis A widespread species that was found at most sites including Bishangari and Awash NP. Gelada Theropithecus gelada This gorgeous and peaceful endemic primate was seen at Gemassa Geden and Ghibe Gorge – surely one of the highlights of the trip! Grivet Monkey Cercopithecus aethiops A widespread species seen at Lake Awassa, Bilen, Awash NP and other more. Vervet Monkey Cercopithecus pygerythrus We found this monkey at Sof Omar.

Galagos Galagonidae Senegal Galago Galago senegalensis We had super views of this cute little primate on our night drive near Yabello.

Hares & Rabbits Leporidae Scrub Hare Lepus saxatilis We saw this lagomorph around Yabello, Awash NP and Bilen. NOTE: The subspecies which was encountered in Ethiopia is L. fagani which is often regarded as a different species; Abyssinian Hare. Starck's Hare Lepus starcki We enjoyed excellent views of this distinctive hare atop the Sanetti Plateau.

Squirrels Sciuridae Unstriped Ground Squirrel Xerus rutilus These were common around Yabello. Striped Ground Squirrel Xerus erythropus We found two of these squirrels en route from Goba to Negele. Gambian Sun Squirrel Heliosciurus gambianus

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We had good views at Lake Awassa and Bishangari.

Rats & Mice Cricetidae & Muridae Giant Root Rat Tachyoryctes macrocephalus We saw three of this really bizarre sausage of a rodent on the Sanetti Plateau. Blick’s Grass Rat Arvicanthus blicki This species was numerous on the Sanetti Plateau. Groove-toothed Rat Otomys sp. These were seen near the Juniper Forest heading up to the Sanetti Plateau.

Dogs & Allies Canidae Ethiopian Wolf (E) Canis simensis We saw a total of nine of the world’s rarest canid over two days on the Sanetti Plateau.. NOTE: Latest genetic evidence indicates they are most closely related to the Eurasian Wolf (C. lupus).

Mongooses Herpestridae Somali Dwarf Mongoose Helogale hirtula We saw one en route from Goba to Negele. White-tailed Mongoose Ichneumia albicauda We had marvellous views of this mongoose shortly after we’d left Negele early in the morning.

Hyaenas Hyaenidae Spotted Hyena Crocuta crocuta Despite being heard a few times we saw only one of these animals, shortly before seeing the White- tailed Mongoose.

Genets & Civets Viverridae Common Genet Genetta genetta Seen on the night drive near Yabello. NOTE: Some authorities call this species: Small-spotted Genet. Blotched Genet Genetta abyssinica Also seen on the night drive around Yabello.

Cats Felidae Caracal Felis caracal Some saw one briefly crossing the road near Negele, but we all had stellar views of a mother and kitten on a night drive in Awash NP.

Hyraxes Procavidae Ethiopian Rock Hyrax (NE) Procavia habessinica Seen a few times, near Dodola, Lake Beseka, Jemma Valley and Lalibela. Black-necked Rock Hyrax Procavia johnstoni This hyrax was seen at Sof Omar. Yellow-spotted Hyrax Heterohyrax brucei Seen at our lodge in Weliso.

Hippopotamus Hippopotamidae Hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibious We saw around 50 animals in two separate pods in the Ghibe River.

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Pigs Suidae Common Warthog Phacochoerus africanus Seen well in Bale Mountain NP, Bilen and Awash NP. Giant Forest Hog Hylochoerus meinertzhageni A single beast was glimpsed in the road in Harenna Forest.

Antelope & Allies Bovidae Menelik's Bushbuck Tragelaphus scriptus meneliki We saw this endemic subspecies in Dinsho. Mountain Nyala (E) Tragelaphus buxtoni We had incredible views of a bull crossing the road –as well as some females – near Dinsho. Lesser Kudu Tragelaphus imberbis We saw this elegant antelope in Awash NP. Greater Kudu Tragelaphus strepsiceros A couple were seen in Awash NP. Bush Duiker Sylvicapra grimmia Seen around Bishangari and Goba. NOTE: Some authorities call this species: Common or Grey Duiker. Salt's Dik-dik Madoqua saltiana This cute antelope was common around Bilen and Awash NP. Günther's Dik-dik Madoqua guentheri This replaced the previous dik-dik further south and it was common around Yabello. Bohor Reedbuck Redunca redunca We saw many of these in the Bale Mountain NP near Dinsho. Grant's Gazelle Gazella granti A few animals were seen en route from Negele to Yabello. Soemmerring's Gazelle (NE) Gazella soemmerringi Many were seen on Alleghedi Plain and later in Awash NP. Gerenuk Litocranius walleri These comical antelope were seen en route to Yabello and at Bilen and Awash NP. Beisa Oryx Oryx beisa We had good numbers in Awash NP and at Alleghedi Plain.

Annotated List of Reptiles recorded (5 species)

Leopard Tortoise Geochelone pardalis Two huge specimens were seen at Bilen. Blue-headed Tree Agama Acanthocercus atricollis We saw this attractive lizard near Lake Ziway and Lake Langano. Lanza’s Spiny Agama Agama spinosa We found a couple of these in the lava field alongside Lake Beseka. Nile Monitor Varanus niloticus One was seen in Awash NP. Nile Crocodile Crocodylus niloticus Africa’s largest reptiles were seen in Awash NP and Ghibe Gorge.

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