PLEASE ALLOW ABOUT 50 MINUTES FOR THIS WALK WALK TO YOUR RIGHT FROM OUTSIDE THE TOURIST INFORMATION CENTRE, 9. BY THE PATH 13. AT THE through Market Square until you reach Potter Street [1] on your right. is a granite Water CROSSROADS were Fountain donated to four coaching inns: 1. OPPOSITE MARKET SQUARE is an the town in 1872 by this was the turnpike 1889 Italianate building (now a building Edwin & Eliza Eyre in (17th/18th Cent) that society), which contained the town’s memory of George superseded the old first purpose-built Post Office. Bramston Archer way through Market Houblon (born Square. On the west 2. TO THE RIGHT ARE STEPS to N George Bramston 0 50 100 150 200m d corner of Stansted Devoil’s Lane; further along, Jackson O R Eyre) of Hallingbury R B Road was the Red Square marks a major 1960s town H T 1 e Place. It was ina the E H 0 g Lion (c.1660 – now 0 redevelopment: the River Stort was l N G d f 4 i Hockerill Crossroads D r a restaurant) which C A diverted, the Link Road bypassedh the A T b a until 1920. s played host to Charles c Reconstruction:E Waytemore Castle in the time of King John (c.1150) old town centre and many Victoriann r [6] g t e [8] The Crown Inn, demolished 1899’ II. Henry Gilbey n buildings along Potter Street werery s i K became the landlord in replaced. R [1] Potter Street (c. 1900) o 1841; Sir Walter Gilbey, a d LIN Play his son, co-founded the 3. DOWN THE STEPS (or return to the traffic lights and turn right down Bridge Street), K RO Skate Area great wine merchant on Devoil’s Lane (originally Dunghill Lane), the Black Lion (16th Cent) [2] is another Superstore A Ramp mediaeval survival; a black lion was the heraldic symbol of Queen Phillipa, wife of D D business W & A Gilbey A Community 8 Edward III. O Footbridge R Church 14. OPPOSITE IS The
United Reform M Cock Inn (1620) [7], a 4. IN BRIDGE STREET [3], almost A H Church pargetted (patterns opposite is The Star (16th Cent, with D 7 A A N W H 1 Footbridge in the plaster facade)
16th/17th Cent outbuildings). Further o 2 a
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y Station Bridge Stre 10 Her c e Centre on Royal Street t 16. ON THE SOUTH- n 5. OPPOSITE IS AN OLD Maltings building 3 Sworders C e British igh i 1 War our WEST CORNER stood (note the chimneys);g further up Bridge Street, H Market 2 Field t e Legion Library Memorial Bowling Hockerill Allthe famous Crown Inn this building once Rhoused Bishop Bonner C Square h Po Castle Green Saints Church(1601) [8] visited by (c.1555), Queen Mary’s persecutor of the u t r t the gentry (inc. John c e Shopping Centre T Gardens Protestants. Inside Coopers, to the right ofi ll St. Michaelʼs r H D dh h Wesley, George IV in E A the entrance next Water Lane, are decoratedW & Superstore Paddling Town Church C O S A and Princess Victoria). plaster panels on the ceiling. St. Joseph Council t Pool R r U e S Play Landlord Thos. RC Church Offices S E D 3 [3] Bridge Street (c 1900) t e W E Adderley (1734) was a t A Area 8 Y T 3 S co-founder of the Stort D 12 1 TURN RIGHT OUT OF COOPERS into Water N A B Navigation Co. The B Shop A Lane, part of the ancient town that once had O 1 H O C K E R 13 T premises (demolished The R 18 ILL 0 ST S tanneries and a brewery [5]. Mobility RE 14 ET 0
Dells 17 1898) extended from
4 Registry Post 6. TO THE RIGHT IS THE Guild House, 16 A Crown Terrace around Regent Y 12 19 Office Office 50 the corner into London c.1740, now an Estate Agents, one of an Walk E Laundry
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R w N Centre E a o down to the River Stort (since diverted). S D r
r r D E o A C e u 10. FURTHER AROUNDn the path is a bungalow which marks the position of the notorious o WALK BACK DOWN HOCKERILL STREETT
t t 7. TO THE LEFT is the United Reformed p h Castle gaol and dungeons demolished in 1649, replaced by the Cherry Tree Inn. A (1860), in the Italianate style; it Church R P 17. NOS 18 HOCKERILL STREET is a converted remnant of a large Match Factory that
I replaced an earlier, smaller Congregational o T 11. THE MOUND bears the remains ofk Waytemore Castle (c.1086) [6],V held by the stood behind; No 14 has a fine mansard roof, both buildings saved from demolition in r a S R [4] The Town Mill sluice looking towards the Bridge t O E k chapel. Bishops of London for 600 years.l The key from the Touristt Information Centre allows E a R Street Maltings (c. 1960) e r thee 1970s.E W n re e access to the steps up the mound andT an interesting view of the town. S n T d e Riverside e a e I g s t o D L l Walk 18. AT THE BOTTOM OF THE HILL, across Dane Street, then mock-Tudor building C
Methodist a E
by the bend LEAVE CASTLE GARDENS: r 8. ALONG WATER LANESchool (c.1920s) is now the Town’s Registry Office: it has the clock from a former wharf building
R Church G
are several buildings, parts of the pass the War Memorial, cross o l and once provided offices for the Union Workhouse (now renovated for housing in the a l former Hawkes Brewery [5]. Looking the bridge over the moat, turn e d Memorial CAB Herts & Essex Hospital grounds). d east across the car park, behind the left into the Causeway and D G range R
Garden L trees, are the Norman Waytemore proceed past the park up the hill 19. FROM THE CAUSEWAY river bridge, walk a few yards along the river towpath; this O
Castle mound, Hockerill and All Saints (Hockerill Street). S TA T IO N represents R O A D the end of the Stort Navigation openedN in 1769; see the rare riverside crane Church beyond. oad on the right used for loadingStatio bargen Roa traffic.d D R O 12. IN HOCKERILL STREET [7] Bus N TURN RIGHT DOWN THE PATH notice the remnants of severaln A RETURN TOInterchange THE TOURIST INFORMATION CENTRE for Routes 1 & 3 and to return w to n ew
beside the Supermarket car park, Maltings behindN the shops on c the Castle Mound key. C Cinema, h
t the left. across the car park is the Link Road a o u stn A Bowling & e s R C h r p (a 1960s development); use the t O l Post Fitness Photo acknowledgements: Bishop’s Stortford Museum (cover, 1-2, 4-5, 7); t e e S s S o o C l A pedestrian crossing over the Link Road t Office o Centre Hertfordshire Archives & Local Studies (3, 6, 8) w ick n r S r a {7] Hockerill Street and the Cock Inn (built 1620 D W e to enter Castle Gardens. t u [5] Hawkes Brewery looking towards its Water Lane entrance
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Audley End was one of the greatest houses houses greatest the of one was End Audley malt to packhorses rather than carts. This led led This carts. than rather packhorses to malt
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AUDLEY END HOUSE AND GARDENS AND HOUSE END AUDLEY THE RIVER STORT AND NAVIGATION NAVIGATION AND STORT RIVER THE
TRAINS TOURIST INFORMATION CENTRE INFORMATION TOURIST
SURROUNDING BISHOP'S STORTFORD BISHOP'S SURROUNDING
USEFUL INFORMATION USEFUL AND IN INTEREST OF PLACES OTHER
A BRIEF HISTORY OF BISHOP’S STORTFORD
Our town is probably of Saxon origin (5th/7th Cent.), situated on a defensible rise BISHOPBISHOP’’SS Growing travel and where St Michael’s Church (15th Cent.) and Market Square are now. It faced a marshy commerce: The Norman Stort river valley to the east; beyond, the Danelaw threatened. Stortford lies south of STORTFORDSTORTFORD castle mound, coaching Stane Street, a major Roman road linking Camulodunum (Colchester) to Ermine Street at Puckeridge. Market Square is at an ancient cross-roads, where the Saxon east-west inns, maltings and the deviation from Stane Street once crossed the north-south trackway to London. Stortford Stort Navigation became ‘Bishop’s Stortford’ when the Norman Bishop of London acquired the area TOWN TRAIL 2 after the Conquest. ‘Storteford’, described in King William I’s Domesday Book (1085-6), TOWN TRAIL 1 had c.30 households, a priest (therefore a church), two mills, and enough woodland to sustain 300 hogs. Waytemore Castle (see Town Trail Route 2), originally built of wood on a large artificial mound (1086), later of local flint (c.1135), was moated and represents an enormous investment in manual labour. It was a prison from c.1290 onwards. Only the gatehouse and a gaol survived after 1549. Stortford’s position on the London to Cambridge-Newmarket road brought many visitors. The Tourist Information Centre occupies the Reindeer Inn site in Market Square, famously recorded in Samuel Pepys’ diary (1667). Inn-keeping and local barley malting for brewing became big enterprises; many old maltings remain (see Routes 1 & 2); Hawkes & Co built a large brewery in Water Lane (Route 2). The neoclassical Corn Exchange (1828) also indicates the town’s agricultural importance. Because roads were poor, the Stort Navigation (1769 – see Route 3) and the new railway (1842) greatly facilitated commerce with London’s huge population. The Georgian town houses in Windhill (Route 1) reflect this increasing wealth. After the railway opened Henry Gilbey’s old-style coach service collapsed; but wealthy entrepreneurs began to live out of London and the town expanded (see Newtown Road – Route 3). Cecil Rhodes (son of FW Rhodes, vicar of St Michael’s) promoted colonial expansion in Southern Africa; Sir Walter Gilbey (wine merchant extraordinaire) and Sir John Barker (London department store magnate) stimulated the town’s Victorian development. In 1944 the US Army expanded Stansted airfield, fostering today’s major airport. The 1960s less aesthetic improvements saw river diversion, the Jackson Square shopping precinct, new roads to ease traffic, and housing development. But the past is still present if you know where to look. Today, Stortford is an attractive mix of the Norman, mediaeval (St Michael’s Church and several inns), Georgian (Corn Exchange) and later periods. Enjoy your tour; visit our Museum (Route 3); we hope the Town Trails bring alive our town’s history.
Financial support for the production of these town trails was gratefully received from East Herts District Council, Bishop’s Stortford Town Council, Bishop’s Stortford Civic Federation and the FOR THIS ROUTE, ASK THE TOURIST INFORMATION Bishop’s Stortford History Society. CENTRE FOR THE KEY TO THE CASTLE MOUND © Bishop’s Stortford Town Council, Bishop’s Stortford History Society and Bishop’s Stortford Civic Federation. Permission granted to reproduce freely for personal, non-commercial, use only.