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Topic of Discussion – What Is a Revolution? Discussion 7-3 US History ~ Chapter 7 Topic Discussions E Lundberg Topic of Discussion – What is a Revolution? Related Topics Chapter Information ~ Ch 7; 4 sections; 35 pages The French Revolution The American Revolution (1775-1783) Major Revolutions throughout history Section 1 ~ The Early Years of the War Pages 194-203 Revolutionary Leaders Section 2 ~ The War Expands Pages 204-211 Section 3 ~ The Path to Victory Pages 212-221 Section 4 ~ The Legacy of the War Pages 222-228 Key Ideas Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes 1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups. The American Revolution was unique. 2. Taking the land. 3. The individual versus the state. 4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc. The American Revolutionary Leaders were not typical 5. Sectionalism. 6. Immigration and Americanization. revolutionaries. 7. The change in social class. 8. Technology developments and the environment. The Battle for Independence was over home rule and 9. Relations with other nations. 10. Historiography, how we know things. democratic values. Talking Points I Introduction – What is a Revolution A revolution is a fundamental change in political power that takes place over a relatively short period of time. Revolutions have occurred throughout human history for many different reasons. Their results include major changes in culture, economy and socio-political institutions. Here are the ten most influential revolutions. II French Revolution 1. The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a period of radical social and political upheaval in both French and Euro- pean history. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed within three years. 2. French society underwent an epic transformation as feudal, aristocratic and religious privileges evaporated under a sustained assault from liberal political groups and the masses on the streets. Old ideas about hierarchy and tra- dition succumbed to new Enlightenment principles of citizenship and inalienable rights. The French Revolution began in 1789 with the convocation of the Estates-General in May. The first year of the Revolution witnessed members of the Third Estate proclaiming the Tennis Court Oath in June, the assault on the Bastille in July, the pas- sage of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in August, and an epic march on Versailles that forced the royal court back to Paris in October. The next few years were dominated by tensions between the vari- ous liberal assemblies and a conservative monarchy intent on thwarting major reforms. A republic was proclaimed in September, 1792, and King Louis XVI was executed the next year. External threats also played a dominant role in the development of the Revolution. The French Revolutionary Wars started in 1792, and ultimately featured Questions to Think About Supporting Materials What defines a Revolution? The Radicalism of the American revolution by Wood What is the difference between a revolution and a America at War by Finn coup de ta? Leaders of the American Revolution by Wade 7 Leadership Lessons from the American Revolution by Antal Why are the American revolutionary leaders different? Discussion 7-3 US History ~ Chapter 7 Topic Discussions E Lundberg Topic of Discussion – What is a Revolution? Related Topics Chapter Information ~ Ch 7; 4 sections; 35 pages The French Revolution The American Revolution (1775-1783) Major Revolutions throughout history Section 1 ~ The Early Years of the War Pages 194-203 Revolutionary Leaders Section 2 ~ The War Expands Pages 204-211 Section 3 ~ The Path to Victory Pages 212-221 Section 4 ~ The Legacy of the War Pages 222-228 Key Ideas Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes 1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups. The American Revolution was unique. 2. Taking the land. 3. The individual versus the state. 4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc. The American Revolutionary Leaders were not typical 5. Sectionalism. 6. Immigration and Americanization. revolutionaries. 7. The change in social class. 8. Technology developments and the environment. The Battle for Independence was over home rule and 9. Relations with other nations. 10. Historiography, how we know things. democratic values. Talking Points spectacular French victories that facilitated the conquest of the Italian peninsula, the Low Countries, and most territories west of the Rhine—achievements that had defied previous French governments for centuries. Internal- ly, popular sentiments significantly radicalized the Revolution, culminating in the Reign of Terror from 1793 until 1794, when between 16,000 and 40,000 people were killed. After the fall of Robespierre and the Jacobins, the Directory assumed control of the French state in 1795 and held power until 1799, when it was replaced by the Consulate under Napoleon Bonaparte. 3. The modern era has unfolded in the shadow of the French Revolution. The growth of republics and liberal democ- racies, the spread of secularism, the development of modern ideologies, and the invention of total war all mark their birth with the Revolution. 4. Subsequent events whose roots can be traced back to the Revolution include the Napoleonic Wars, two separate restorations of the monarchy, and two additional revolutions as modern France took shape. During the following century, France would be governed at one point or another as a republic, as a constitutional monarchy and as two different empires. III Glorious Revolution 1. To a large extent, the Roman Catholic James II (1633-1701), King of Great Britain from 1685 until he fled to France in 1688, brought the “Glorious” revolution down upon himself. When he succeeded his brother, Charles II, to the Questions to Think About Supporting Materials What defines a Revolution? The Radicalism of the American revolution by Wood What is the difference between a revolution and a America at War by Finn coup de ta? Leaders of the American Revolution by Wade 7 Leadership Lessons from the American Revolution by Antal Why are the American revolutionary leaders different? Discussion 7-3 US History ~ Chapter 7 Topic Discussions E Lundberg Topic of Discussion – What is a Revolution? Related Topics Chapter Information ~ Ch 7; 4 sections; 35 pages The French Revolution The American Revolution (1775-1783) Major Revolutions throughout history Section 1 ~ The Early Years of the War Pages 194-203 Revolutionary Leaders Section 2 ~ The War Expands Pages 204-211 Section 3 ~ The Path to Victory Pages 212-221 Section 4 ~ The Legacy of the War Pages 222-228 Key Ideas Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes 1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups. The American Revolution was unique. 2. Taking the land. 3. The individual versus the state. 4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc. The American Revolutionary Leaders were not typical 5. Sectionalism. 6. Immigration and Americanization. revolutionaries. 7. The change in social class. 8. Technology developments and the environment. The Battle for Independence was over home rule and 9. Relations with other nations. 10. Historiography, how we know things. democratic values. Talking Points English throne, he proceeded to alienate virtually every politically and militarily significant segment of English soci- ety by commencing ill-advised attempts to catholicize the army and the government, and to pack parliament with his supporters. 2. He employed the Dispensing Power (the royal prerogative allowing suspension of the operation of various stat- utes, declared illegal in the Bill of Rights of 1689) to evade the Act of Uniformity and the Test Act. His Declaration of Indulgence, issued in 1687-88, suspended penal legislation against religious nonconformity, allowing Dissenters to worship in meeting houses and Catholics to worship in private. 3. When he had a son in June, 1688, fears of the establishment of a Catholic dynasty in England led prominent Protestant statesmen to invite William of Orange to assume the throne. William landed with an army in Novem- ber, 1688, promised to defend the liberty of England and the Protestant religion, and marched unopposed on Lon- don. James fled ignominiously to France. Parliament then met, denounced James, offered the throne to William and his wife Mary as joint sovereigns, and placed constitutionally significant legal and practical limitations on the monarchy. A rebellion of Scottish Jacobite’s under Dundee threatened the rule of William and Mary, but Dundee himself was killed 1689. The next year the Irish were defeated in Ireland at the Battle of the Boyne. As soon as William felt secure on the throne, after the Jacobite defeat, he brought England into the War of the League con- tinued until 1697. Questions to Think About Supporting Materials What defines a Revolution? The Radicalism of the American revolution by Wood What is the difference between a revolution and a America at War by Finn coup de ta? Leaders of the American Revolution by Wade 7 Leadership Lessons from the American Revolution by Antal Why are the American revolutionary leaders different? Discussion 7-3 US History ~ Chapter 7 Topic Discussions E Lundberg Topic of Discussion – What is a Revolution? Related Topics Chapter Information ~ Ch 7; 4 sections; 35 pages The French Revolution The American Revolution (1775-1783) Major Revolutions throughout history Section 1 ~ The Early Years of the War Pages 194-203 Revolutionary Leaders Section 2 ~ The War Expands Pages 204-211 Section 3 ~ The Path to Victory Pages 212-221 Section 4 ~ The Legacy of the War Pages 222-228 Key Ideas Key Connections - 10 Major (Common) Themes 1. How cultures change through the blending of different ethnic groups. The American Revolution was unique. 2. Taking the land. 3. The individual versus the state. 4. The quest for equity - slavery and it’s end, women’s suffrage etc. The American Revolutionary Leaders were not typical 5.
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