DOCSLIB.ORG

Greek Merchant and City Leader of Odessa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Greek Merchant and City Leader of Odessa University of North Florida UNF Digital Commons History Faculty Publications Department of History Fall 1991 Dēmētrios S. Inglezēs: Greek Merchant and City Leader of Odessa Theophilus C. Prousis University of North Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/ahis_facpub Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Prousis, Theophilus C., "Dēmētrios S. Inglezēs: Greek Merchant and City Leader of Odessa" (1991). History Faculty Publications. 6. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/ahis_facpub/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at UNF Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UNF Digital Commons. For more information, please contact Digital Projects. © Fall 1991 All Rights Reserved THEOPHILUS C. PROUSIS DemetriosS. Inglezes:Greek Merchant and CityLeader ofOdessa Greekmerchant settlement of thenorthern coast of theBlack Sea extendsback to classicaland Byzantinetimes. After the foundingof Odessa in 1794, Greekand otherforeign merchants playeda majorrole in transformingthis provincial backwater into one of theleading grain em- poriumsof Europe, a cosmopolitancity of ethnicdiversity and culturalvitality. Demetrios SpyridonovichInglezes (1773-1844) is a concreteexample of theprosperous Greek trader who assimilatedto his new environmentand engagedin numerouscivic endeavorspromoting the commercialand urbangrowth of Odessa duringits formative decades. He also retaineda sense ofGreek identity and participatedin theRussian philhellenic movement during the Greek revolt of the 1820s. The experienceof thisprominent merchant typified that of othersuccessful Greek tradersin Odessa and contributesto recentscholarship on thatcity's Greek community and on thebroader theme of historicalconnections and contactsbetween Russia and theGreek east in thepost-Byzantine era.' DemetriosS. Inglezes,born on theIonian island of Cephaloniain 1773. came froman old noblefamily included among the aristocratic families enrolled in theCephalonian golden book. For morethan three centuries, the Inglezes family had producedmembers who wereeducated, The researchfor this article was madepossible by thesupport of theInternational Research and Exchanges Board(IREX) and by theassistance of thearchival staff at thestate archive of Odessa oblast(GAOO). 1. See PatriciaHerlihy, "The EthnicComposition of theCity of Odessa in theNineteenth Century," HarvardUkrainian Studies 1 (1977):53-78; idem,"Greek Merchants in Odessa in theNineteenth Cen- tury,"Harvard UkrainianStudies 3-4 (1979-1980):399-420; and idem, "The GreekCommunity in Odessa, 1861-1917," Journalof Modern Greek Studies 7 (1989):235-252. Herlihy'swork on theGreek communityis includedin herOdessa: A History,1794-1914, HarvardUkrainian Research Institute Mono- graphSeries (Cambridge:Harvard University Press, 1986). The mostprominent Soviet historian dealing withGreek-Slavic relations, specifically with Greek national independence and Russia,is GrigoriiL. Arsh. His worksEteristskoe dvizhenie v Rossii. Osvoboditel'niaiabortba grecheskogo naroda v ntachaleXIX v. i russko-grecheskiesviazi (Moscow: Nauka, 1970) and l. Kapodistriiai grecheskoenatsionial'no-os- voboditel'noedvizhenie, 1809-1822 gg. (Moscow:Nauka, 1976) are solidlygrounded in archivalsources. Arshhas also publishedseveral articles on Greek-Slavicthemes in Balkanskieissledovaniia. For a reviewof thecontributions by Arsh and other Soviet neohellenists to thefirst ten volumes of Balkanskieissledovaniia (1974- 1987) see ConstantineC. Papoulidis,"Themes of ModernGreek History in RecentSoviet Publica- tionson Balkan Studies,"Modern Greek Studies Yearbook 3 (1987):273-281. The firstsix volumesof ModerniGreek Studies Yearbook (1985-1990) containseveral additional articles on specificaspects of Greek-Slaviccultural relations. This articleis based almostentirely on Inglezes'spersonal archive, in the statearchive of Odessa oblast.The fond contains fifteen dela, rangingfrom two to sevenpages except for his formuliarnvi spisok, a thirty-threepage documentconstituting the best single source on Inglezes.GAOO, fond268, opis' 1, dela 1- 15. Theformuliarnvi spisok is in delo 2. Unlessotherwise indicated, all subsequentreferences to GAOO are fromthis fond and opis'. The informationin thefond has dictated that this research focus on thepublic rather than the private life of Inglezes.While described as a lichnvifonid, it contains precious little on hisfamily, household, residence, merchantfirm, and otherpersonal matters that would lend a morehuman dimension to thisportrait of In- glezes. Even some of his civic endeavorsare notdescribed in sufficientdetail, thus imparting a sense of incompletenessto thisdiscussion of his activities.Despite these constraints, the fond does containenough informationto suggestthe extent of his assimilationand wide-rangingpublic service. Further investigation of municipalrecords will probablyunearth additional material on his publicand, perhaps,his privatelife, therebyallowing a morewell-rounded profile of Inglezes. SlavicReview 50, no. 3 (Fall 1991) DimitriosS. Inglezes:Greek Merchant and CityLeader ofOdessa 673 activein trade,and "diligentand unselfishin importantcivic positionsentrusted to them,"a familytradition Demetrios Spyridonovich would continue in southernRussia.' Inglezes'searly years are shroudedin uncertainty.With the death of his fatherin 1787, the fifteen-year-oldDemetrios and his uncleleft Cephalonia and workedas shippersat Taganrog,a navaland commercialport on theSea of Azov witha sizableGreek population. The twovolun- teeredtheir services to theRussian navy in theRusso-Turkish War of 1787-1792, duringwhich Inglezesparticipated in fourBlack Sea campaignsand was promotedfrom ensign to captain.For reasonsthat are unclear,Inglezes attempted to returnto Cephaloniaafter his naval stint.The journeyhome was a disaster,with Inglezes barely surviving a stormthat destroyed the ship's cargoand his family papers. The exactdate of Inglezes's arrival in Odessa is unknown.In 1805, however,Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis,Duc de Richelieu,the governor-general ofNovorossiia whoseenlightened administration stimulated Odessa's growth,called on Inglezesto hirecom- mercialvessels to shipsupplies to Russianforces on theRussian-protected Ionian islands. In- glezes,using his own capital, fulfilled this task to thesatisfaction of Richelieu.' Inglezes'ssettlement in Odessa was partof thelarge wave of Greekmigration to southern Russiain the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Greek and other foreign settlers were drawnby tsaristincentives, including exemptions from taxes and service.The commercialpo- tentialof Odessa and otherports beckoned to enterprisingGreek traders and shippers,and they soonbecame the backbone of Russia's emerging merchant fleet in the Black Sea. Russo-Ottoman commercialagreements also permittedGreek subjects of thesultan to flythe Russian flag on Greekvessels. These factors stimulated Russian commerce in theMediterranean and the growth of a Greekmerchant marine that reaped lucrative profits during the Napoleonic era.4 Greekcommercial success in Odessa'sburgeoning grain trade has beenwell documented in severalstudies.5 Inglezes participated in thiscommerical upsurge, becoming one of thecity's mostprosperous and respected merchants. By 1817his firm was one of theten wealthiest Greek companiesin Odessa; thenet worth of theten firms together was aboutten million rubles.6 In 1847,three years after his death, the Inglezes firm was consideredone ofthe leading companies in theRussian Empire. Further investigation of customregistry records and othercommercial documentsmay reveal more specific information on theorganization, activity, and profitsof his firm,his ties with western trading houses, and his standing in a stratifiedOdessan Greek society. In view of his success,his companyclearly took advantage of Odessa's strategiclocation on a 2. GAOO, f. 268, op. 1, d. 1 "Dokumentyo proiskhozhdeniiroda Ingleziiz dvorianVenetsianskoi respubliki,"1. 1-7a. 3. Ibid., d. 2, 1. 1-8. On thestorm see Inglezes'snekrolog, or obituary,in Odesskiivestnik, no. 4 (22 May 1846): 203-204 (hereaftercited as nekrolog).See Herlihy,Odessa, 21-48, on theeffect of Riche- lieu's policieson municipaldevelopment. A. M. Stanislavskaiadiscusses Russia's Ionian protectoratein Rossiia i Gretsiia.Politika Rossii v lonicheskoirespublike, 1798-1807 gg. (Moscow, 1983). 4. RogerBartlett, Human Capital: TheSettlement of Foreigners in Russia, 1762-1804 (Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press, 1979), providesa generalpicture of foreignsettlement in Novorossiia.On Greekmigration see G. M. Piatigorskii,"Grecheskie pereselentsy v Odesse v kontseXVIII-pervoi treti XIX v.," in lz istoriiiazyka i kul'turvstran Tsentral'noi i Iugo-Vostochnoi Evropy, ed. V. N. Vinogradov (Moscow: Nauka, 1985), 33-60; G. L. Arsh,"Grecheskaia emigratsiia v Rossiiuv kontseXVIII-nachale XIX v.," Sovetskaiaetnografiia, no. 3 (1969):85-95; andNicholas C. Pappas,"Greeks in Russian Military Servicein theLate Eighteenthand Early Nineteenth Centuries" (Ph.D. diss., StanfordUniversity, 1982). On themerchant marine see GeorgeLeon, "The GreekMerchant Marine (1453-1850)," in The GreekMer- chantMarine, ed. S. A. Papadopoulos(Athens, 1972), 32-43. On theexpansion of Greek trade activity see Traian Stoianovich,"The ConqueringBalkan OrthodoxMerchant," Journal of EconomicHistory 20 (1960):234-313. 5. In additionto Herlihy'sworks, see V. Karidis, "A Greek
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Local and Regional Government in Ukraine and the Development of Cooperation Between Ukraine and the EU
    Local and regional government in Ukraine and the development of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU The report was written by the Aston Centre for Europe - Aston University. It does not represent the official views of the Committee of the Regions. More information on the European Union and the Committee of the Regions is available on the internet at http://www.europa.eu and http://www.cor.europa.eu respectively. Catalogue number: QG-31-12-226-EN-N ISBN: 978-92-895-0627-4 DOI: 10.2863/59575 © European Union, 2011 Partial reproduction is allowed, provided that the source is explicitly mentioned Table of Contents 1 PART ONE .................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Overview of local and regional government in Ukraine ................................ 3 1.3 Ukraine’s constitutional/legal frameworks for local and regional government 7 1.4 Competences of local and regional authorities............................................... 9 1.5 Electoral democracy at the local and regional level .....................................11 1.6 The extent and nature of fiscal decentralisation in Ukraine .........................15 1.7 The extent and nature of territorial reform ...................................................19 1.8 The politics of Ukrainian administrative reform plans.................................21 1.8.1 Position of ruling government ..................................................................22
    [Show full text]
  • Architect on the Imperial Throne Or Fools' Tower by Joseph II.Pages
    Die approbierte Originalversion dieser Diplom-/ Masterarbeit ist in der Hauptbibliothek der Tech- nischen Universität Wien aufgestellt und zugänglich. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at The approved original version of this diploma or master thesis is available at the main library of the Vienna University of Technology. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at/eng Masterarbeit Architect on the Imperial Throne or Fools’ Tower by Joseph II ausgeführt zum Zwecke der Erlangung des akademischen Grades einer Diplom-Ingenieurin unter der Leitung Ao. Univ. Prof. Dr. Ing. Dörte Kuhlmann E251 Institut für Kunstgeschichte, Bauforschung und Denkmalpflege Abteilung für Baugeschichte & Bauforschung eingereicht an der Technischen Universität Wien Fakultät für Architektur und Raumplanung von Jekaterina Medvecka Matr. Nr.:0828369 Wien, am Abstract The Narrenturm, which is located within the medical complex of the University of Vienna, was the first dedicated medical institution for the mentally ill worldwide. In 2012 the Narrentum was integrated into the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (the Museum of Natural History in Vienna) and since then houses the pathological-anatomical collection of the museum. The cylindrical building was erected in 1784 and was financed privately by Emperor Joseph II. It was ahead of it’s time in many ways and indicates the emperor’s embracement of the ideas of Enlightenment. The construction of the building raises several unanswered questions and mysteries. Up to this day, it is unknown where the emperor got the idea for the peculiar form of the building and why helping mentally ill patients was so important to him. The circular floor plan suggests a possible connection to Bentham’s idea of the Panopticon which deserves further investigation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Reception of Isaac Newton in Europe
    The Reception of I THE RECEPTION OF ISAAC NEWTON IN EUROPE LANGUAGE COMMUNITIES, REGIONS AND COUNTRIES: THE GEOGRAPHY OF NEWTONIANISM Edited by Helmut Pulte and Scott Mandelbrote BLOOMSBURY ACADEM I C LO:-IDON • NEW YORK• OXt"ORD • NEW DELHI • SYDNEY BLOOMSBURY ACADEMIC Bloomsbury Publishing Pie 50 Bedford Square, London, WC 1B 3DP. UK 1385 Broadway, NewYork, NY 10018, USA BLOOMSBURY, BLOOMSBURY ACADEMIC and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Pie First published in Great Britain 2019 Reprinted in 2019 Copyright© Helmut Pulte, Scott Mandelbrote and Contributors, 2019 Helmut Pulte, Scott Mandelbrote and Contributors have asserted their rights under the Copyright. Designs and Pat~nts Act, 1988, to be identified as Authors of this work. For legal purposes the Acknowledgements on pp. xv, 199 constitute an extension of this copyright page. Cover design: Eleanor Rose All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Bloomsbury Publishing Pie does not have any control over, or responsibility for, any third-party websites referred to or in this book. All internet addresses given in this book were correct at the time of going to press. The author and publisher regret any inconvenience caused if addresses have changed or sites have ceased to exist, but can accept no responsibility for any such changes. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
    [Show full text]
  • Appropriating Scientific Ideas During the Eighteenth Century Kostas Gavroglu
    The centre from the periphery: appropriating scientific ideas during the eighteenth century Kostas Gavroglu To cite this version: Kostas Gavroglu. The centre from the periphery: appropriating scientific ideas during the eighteenth century. Revue de la Maison Française d’Oxford, Maison Française d’Oxford, 2003, Centre and pe- riphery revisited. The structures of European science, 1750-1914, 1 (2), pp.11-32. hal-01896022 HAL Id: hal-01896022 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01896022 Submitted on 19 Oct 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THE CENTRE FROM THE PERIPHERY: APPROPRIATING SCIENTIFIC IDEAS DURING THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Kostas Gavroglu eception or transmission studies are not something new. There have been studies discussing the diffusion of the R new ideas about nature in England, Scotland, France, the Low Countries and Germany during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Nevertheless, respective works in languages other than the local languages for the Balkans, the Ottoman Empire, the Central European countries, the Baltic countries, Portugal, but also Spain have been very few and written mostly from a philological point of view.1 The lack of studies of any subject does not, of course, constitute by itself a legitimate reason for starting to work on it.
    [Show full text]
  • Odessa Intercultural Profile
    City of Odessa Intercultural Profile This report is based upon the visit of the CoE expert team on 30 June & 1 July 2017, comprising Irena Guidikova, Kseniya Khovanova-Rubicondo and Phil Wood. It should ideally be read in parallel with the Council of Europe’s response to Odessa’s ICC Index Questionnaire but, at the time of writing, the completion of the Index by the City Council is still a work in progress. 1. Introduction Odessa (or Odesa in Ukrainian) is the third most populous city of Ukraine and a major tourism centre, seaport and transportation hub located on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. Odessa is also an administrative centre of the Odessa Oblast and has been a multiethnic city since its formation. The predecessor of Odessa, a small Tatar settlement, was founded in 1440 and originally named Hacıbey. After a period of Lithuanian control, it passed into the domain of the Ottoman Sultan in 1529 and remained in Ottoman hands until the Empire's defeat in the Russo-Turkish War of 1792. In 1794, the city of Odessa was founded by decree of the Empress Catherine the Great. From 1819 to 1858, Odessa was a free port, and then during the twentieth century it was the most important port of trade in the Soviet Union and a Soviet naval base and now holds the same prominence within Ukraine. During the 19th century, it was the fourth largest city of Imperial Russia, and its historical architecture has a style more Mediterranean than Russian, having been heavily influenced by French and Italian styles.
    [Show full text]
  • 1Daskalov R Tchavdar M Ed En
    Entangled Histories of the Balkans Balkan Studies Library Editor-in-Chief Zoran Milutinović, University College London Editorial Board Gordon N. Bardos, Columbia University Alex Drace-Francis, University of Amsterdam Jasna Dragović-Soso, Goldsmiths, University of London Christian Voss, Humboldt University, Berlin Advisory Board Marie-Janine Calic, University of Munich Lenard J. Cohen, Simon Fraser University Radmila Gorup, Columbia University Robert M. Hayden, University of Pittsburgh Robert Hodel, Hamburg University Anna Krasteva, New Bulgarian University Galin Tihanov, Queen Mary, University of London Maria Todorova, University of Illinois Andrew Wachtel, Northwestern University VOLUME 9 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bsl Entangled Histories of the Balkans Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies Edited by Roumen Daskalov and Tchavdar Marinov LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 Cover Illustration: Top left: Krste Misirkov (1874–1926), philologist and publicist, founder of Macedo- nian national ideology and the Macedonian standard language. Photographer unknown. Top right: Rigas Feraios (1757–1798), Greek political thinker and revolutionary, ideologist of the Greek Enlightenment. Portrait by Andreas Kriezis (1816–1880), Benaki Museum, Athens. Bottom left: Vuk Karadžić (1787–1864), philologist, ethnographer and linguist, reformer of the Serbian language and founder of Serbo-Croatian. 1865, lithography by Josef Kriehuber. Bottom right: Şemseddin Sami Frashëri (1850–1904), Albanian writer and scholar, ideologist of Albanian and of modern Turkish nationalism, with his wife Emine. Photo around 1900, photo- grapher unknown. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Entangled histories of the Balkans / edited by Roumen Daskalov and Tchavdar Marinov. pages cm — (Balkan studies library ; Volume 9) Includes bibliographical references and index.
    [Show full text]
  • SOCIETAS OECUMENICA CONSULTATION 2018 WEEK SCHEDULE Thursday, 23 August 14:00 Registration Open
    SOCIETAS OECUMENICA CONSULTATION 2018 WEEK SCHEDULE Thursday, 23 August 14:00 Registration Open 16:00-16:30 Coffee 17:00-17:30 Opening Chapel Service Opening Plenary 1 Prof. Dr. Ulrike Link- Wiezcorek, University of Oldenburg (President of Societas Oecumenica) 18:00- 19:00 Nationalism and Migration as Challenges for Ecumenical Theology Chair: Dr. Jelle Creemers (Secretary of Societas Oecumenica) 19:00-21:00 Reception & Dinner Friday, 24th August 07:30- 08:30 Breakfast 08:30-09:00 Morning Devotion Plenary Session 2 Dr. Niko Huttunen, University of Helsinki 09:00-10:30 Eschatological Prophet as Political Realist: Paul, State, and Nations Response: Prof. Dr. Ivana Noble, Charles University Prague Chair: Dr. Minna Hietamäki 10:30-11:00 Coffee Break Paper session 1: ROOM A 1. Christof Picker- Protestantismus und Nationalismus in der Pfalz 2. Stanley Jayakumar- “Transcending all Barriers” – Reflections on Church and Migration in the light of The Church: Towards a Common Vision 3. Christian Henkel- Tour of Photo Exhibition ROOM B 1. Dan Hautakoski- The Russian Orthodox Presence in the Holy Land at the Centennial of the Martyrdom of St. Elizabeth 11:00-12:30 2. Hanne Lamparter- The history of ecumenical worship – A journey of crossing borders? 3. Heidi Zitting- From bare superstition towards an important sign - Influence of the ecumenical movement on concept of apostolic succession in the Lutheran Finland ROOM C 1. Vera La Mela-Brothers (and Sisters) Without Borders 2. Joseph Daniel- Indian Nationalism and the Politics of Othering- A threat to Ecumenism and inter-religiosity 3. Jeremy Worthen- ‘Towards the Centenary of the 1920 Lambeth Appeal to All Christian People: the unity of the church and the strife of nations’ 12:30-13:30 Lunch Visit Heidelberg by bus 14:00-16:00 Plenary Session 3 Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • QUARTERLY REPORT for the Implementation of the PULSE Project
    QUARTERLY REPORT for the implementation of the PULSE Project APRIL – JUNE, 2020 (²I² QUARTER OF US FISCAL YEAR 2020) EIGHTEENTH QUARTER OF THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION QUARTERLY REPORT for the implementation of the PULSE Project TABLE OF CONTENTS List of abbreviations 4 Resume 5 Chapter 1. KEY ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE REPORTING QUARTER 5 Chapter 2. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 7 Expected Result 1: Decentralisation enabling legislation reflects local government input 7 1.1. Local government officials participate in sectoral legislation drafting 8 grounded on the European sectoral legislative principles 1.1.1. Preparation and approval of strategies for sectoral reforms 8 1.1.2. Preparation of sectoral legislation 24 1.1.3. Legislation monitoring 33 1.1.4. Resolving local government problem issues and promotion of sectoral reforms 34 1.2. Local governments and all interested parties are actively engaged and use 40 participatory tool to work on legislation and advocating for its approval 1.2.1 Support for approval of drafted legislation in the parliament: 40 tools for interaction with the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine 1.2.2 Support to approval of resolutions and directives of the Cabinet of Ministers: 43 tools for interaction with the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine 1.3. Local governments improved their practice and quality of services 57 because of the sound decentralised legislative basis for local governments 1.3.1. Legal and technical assistance 57 1.3.2. Web-tools to increase the efficiency of local government activities 57 1.3.3. Feedback: receiving and disseminating 61 Expected Result 2: Resources under local self-governance authority increased 62 2.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Neo-Hellenic Enlightenment: in Search of a European Identity
    Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 312 Theodore Arabatzis Jürgen Renn Ana Simões Editors Relocating the History of Science Essays in Honor of Kostas Gavroglu Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science VOLUME 312 Editors Alisa Bokulich, Boston University Robert S. Cohen, Boston University Ju¨rgen Renn, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Kostas Gavroglu, University of Athens Managing editor Lindy Divarci, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Editorial board Theodore Arabatzis, University of Athens Heather E. Douglas, University of Waterloo Jean Gayon, Universite´ Paris 1 Thomas F. Glick, Boston University Hubert Goenner, University of Goettingen John Heilbron, University of California, Berkeley Diana Kormos-Buchwald, California Institute of Technology Christoph Lehner, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Peter MCLaughlin, Universita¨t Heidelberg Agustı´ Nieto-Galan, Universitat Auto¨noma de Barcelona Nuccio Ordine, Universita´ della Calabria Ana Simo˜es, Universidade de Lisboa John J. Stachel, Boston University Sylvan S. Schweber, Harvard University Baichun Zhang, Chinese Academy of Science [email protected] More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/5710 [email protected] Theodore Arabatzis • Ju¨rgen Renn • Ana Simo˜es Editors Relocating the History of Science Essays in Honor of Kostas Gavroglu [email protected] Editors Theodore Arabatzis Ju¨rgen Renn Department of History Max Planck Institute for the History of Science and Philosophy of Science
    [Show full text]
  • Navios Maritime Holdings Inc
    UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, DC 20549 FORM 8-K CURRENT REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Date of report (Date of earliest event reported) August 25, 2005 Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter) Republic of Marshall Islands (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation) 000-51047 98-0384348 (Commission File Number) (IRS Employer Identification No.) 67 Notara Street, Piraeus, Greece 185 35 (Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code) 30-210-4172050 (Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code) International Shipping Enterprises, Inc., 1225 Franklin Ave., Suite 325, Garden City, New York (Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report) Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below): ¨ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) ¨ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) ¨ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) ¨ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) Item 2.01 Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assets. On August 25, 2005, pursuant to a Stock Purchase Agreement dated February 28, 2005, as amended, by and among International Shipping Enterprises, Inc. (“ISE”), Navios Maritime Holdings Inc., a Marshall Islands corporation (“Navios”) and all the shareholders of Navios, ISE acquired substantially all of the assets of Navios through the purchase of all of the outstanding shares of stock of Navios.
    [Show full text]
  • Ukraine Scenario 1) Background A. Donetsk and Luhansk Are Rebel
    Ukraine Scenario 1) Background a. Donetsk and Luhansk are rebel-held parts of Ukraine, and have been since 2014. The regions have ethnic Russian majorities and rebelled over attempts to ban Russian as an official language and curtail trade across the Russian border. Many of the rebels advocate secession. b. Ukraine’s state power company claimed the regions were some $431 million in debt over non- payment of bills. Russia says that they will be providing power through pre-existing lines effective immediately to avoid loss of electricity to some 3 million people in the effected areas. c. The decision by the Ukrainian government to cut power to the region appears to be an attempt to put pressure on the secessionist movement, though ironically by forcing them to turn to Russia for electricity, they may further enhance the region’s link to the Russian Federation. Source: “Russia to Supply Electricity to Eastern Ukraine After Kiev Cuts Power: Ukraine Says Regions Weren't Paying Their Bills,” Jason Ditz, Posted on April 25, Anti-War.com website: https://news.antiwar.com 2) Context a. Areas in Eastern Ukraine (Donbas Region) have had power cut by pro-Ukrainian (Kiev Government) groups that control the highest capacity power generation stations in the country. These are the 4 operational nuclear power stations in western Ukraine which includes the Zaporizhia Nuclear Power Station, the largest nuclear power plant in Europe generating 6,000 MW. This leaves the Russian controlled areas with a small number of lower capacity coal generation facilities to power the Donbas region with additional power provided by Russian power plants to support the area.
    [Show full text]
  • Χρονολόγηση Γεωγραφικός Εντοπισμός Greek Enlightenment In
    IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ Συγγραφή : Bruess Gregory (15/1/2008) Για παραπομπή : Bruess Gregory , "Greek enlightenment in South Russia", 2008, Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=11096> Greek enlightenment in South Russia Περίληψη : Greek enlightenment in Southern Russia was a significant part of the overall enlightenment movement in the Hellenic world of the 18th - early 19th century. Its most important members were the prelates Evgenios Voulgaris and Nikiforos Theotokis, who furthemore were proponents of a much more tolerant attitude vis-a-vis the religious sect of the Old Believers. Odessa was a thriving center of the Greek Enlightenment in Russia. A famous Gymnassium was founded there and many prominent Greek lay intelectuals, such as Konstantinos Vardalachos and Georgios Gennadios taught and edited books. Χρονολόγηση Mid 18th- early 19th century Γεωγραφικός εντοπισμός South Russia, Odessa, Taganrog, Poltava 1. Introduction The Greek Enlightenment occurred in southern Russia at the end of the eighteenth century because Greece and Russia shared a common Byzantine Orthodox heritage, Catherine II was determined to enact “enlightened”reforms, and Russian imperial ambitions in the Black Sea littoral and Greek desires for national emancipation from the Ottoman Empire converged. Evgenios Voulgaris and Nikiforos Theotokis, two Greek prelates in the service of Catherine and the Russian Orthodox Church, were the essence of the Greek Enlightenment in southern Russia. Their accomplishments and successes as clerics, administrators, translators of Western philosophical and scientific works, proponents and teachers of natural philosophy, defenders of free inquiry, scholars, and advocates for Greeks in Russia and the Ottoman territoriy epitomized the Greek Enlightenment.
    [Show full text]