DOCSLIB.ORG

The Historical Development of Santa Barbara

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Historical Development of Santa Barbara THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SANTABARBARA CHANNEL ARCHAEOLOGY Jon M. Erlandson Department of Anthropology University of Oregon Eugene, OR 97403 and Department of Anthropology Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History 2559 Puesta Del Sol Santa Barbara, CA 93105 ABSTRACT In this paper, I examine historical trends in the development of Santa Barbara Channel archaeology, with an emphasis on the last 30 years. Since 1960, 4 developments have been particularly significant in shaping the way archaeology is done in the Santa Barbara Channel today: (1) the dramatic increase in the amount of archaeology being done; (2) the fundamental shift in archaeology from an essentially academic discipline to one dominated by commercial enterprise; (3) the development of new techniques for analyzing archaeological remains, techniques that have expanded the range of questions we can address; and (4) the increasingly active role that Native Americans have played in archaeology. These trends reflect broader patterns in California and American archaeology, but they have followed a somewhat unique trajectory in the Santa Barbara area. Regarding where Santa Barbara Channel archaeology may be headed in the 1990s and beyond, I suggest that paradigms now being developed may lead to a "new synthesis· that will incorporate the best approaches of 20th century archaeologists into a revitalized record of California's cultural past. INTRODUCTION literature (see Anderson 1980) on the ar­ chaeology and ethnography ofthe Chumash California's Santa Barbara Channel area, and their predecessors. The archaeological encompassing the northern Channel Islands record of the Santa Barbara Channel clearly and the main1and coast from Point Concep­ illustrates the vibrant and dynamic nature tion to Point Dume (Figure 1), has played a ofthe prehistoric cultures ofthe area, pivotal role in the defmition ofsouth and where many cultural developments now central coast prehistory. At the time ofEu­ known to be representative of a much ropean contact, the Santa Barbara Channel broader area were fIrst defmed. was the demographic and political center of the maritime Chumash. The Chumash Given these facts, it seems appropriate were one ofthe most populous and complex to look at the history of archaeology in the tribes in a state renowned for hunter­ Santa Barbara Channel to examine the con­ gatherer societies of unusually high popula­ text of current research in the area. Until tion density and remarkable social, political, recently, I had never seriously considered and economic complexity. Because of the the broader implications of the history of ar­ wealth of artifacts and data they contain, ar­ chaeology in the Santa Barbara Channel, in chaeological sites of the area have attracted California, or anywhere else. Inwriting this the attention of relic-hunters, antiquarians, paper, however, I found that there is value and archaeologists for over 100 years. This in periodically looking behind us -- if only to long history of research has generated a vast see where we have been. After all, a better Proceedings ofthe Society for California ARhaeolollY, 1993, Vol. S, pp. 221·232. Copyrighte1993 by the Society for California Arehaeology. ., \ ._---.' ( ..... I ..... J j~, . ::.:. ~',- ....:. ,.-J" / ; .... , '.::':':' -... ( i ,'- \ .·:.:;:::~~:7:\~.:;;fhit t· ...~,'~ ~'.- ~.l__.• '.. ;,.,,;; ......-'.• '. / /"......... c .'~':':'J~.. /'~~; ~~~ ,:;;.;, ~~.¢,.~.\- /..J~" i­ "~"-. , Y,; ~I ,-'} I / \ l'').. .... , ,~·,ftuf_ /('WI... I I { I \ V..;.S:~ I... ..... .....1 ~ \. ..... "; '-. ,....... /' 1 I \.. J -'­ .. : ... ;. Ait,.,,;;;:r-·-._ ..-i "".. "-." .~ i, Y' ,. .. -;:'i·;. 0... } I .....j (I '4' .~B;,I".'/;/I., '­ I . "::'::'~ " I') ( .J ~ 6111!jI . .......# .­ '­ ......" S"",,, I'.. I , i'"/"-.'. ,.j' _ ~ /;/,.1'".." ",. ". ~#, . ". \,;) '\. 1110jl. 1;.'. .' .',' ....... i ~._-(.. ,.... I , ...... -'.., 1 Stsp.~IY" , . f.. I - \ ........ ­ I PoW Argu~ [!a:,., .. ,•. , : • ":..j.iu"",.,/;/t.4J07jI. -­ _-.1".. ~ ,.­ '--'l , ....., ~ ,,\;;" J _._-', C ~ ! J N "" ..............­ \ SanMlguel-/slatrd .' .......... <..... " .... ..' . '. ':1';•. , .f ,. o Sanla Rosa Island Figure 1. Santa Barbara Channel region. 222 idea of where we have been can give us a the world descended on California's coastal clearer picture ofwhere we are, how we got middens in search of relics for public and here, and hopefully where we are going. On private collections. In the Santa Barbara the other hand, my new appreciation for the Channel, the earliest crude attempts at ar­ history of California archaeology may simply chaeological research were conducted by reflect my own gradual evolution from a men like Schumacher (1875), Stephen Bow­ "young turk" into an "old hand." ers (1878,1883), Frederic Putnam (Putnam et al. 1879), and Leon de Cessac (1882). To really understand the current status With the goal of collecting skeletal remains of archaeology in the Santa Barbara Chan­ and display-quality artifacts, these antiquar­ nel area, we would have to examine broader ians plundered cemetery plots up and down developments in western science, anthro­ the Santa Barbara coast. They generally fo­ pology, and archaeology over the last 100 cused on large late prehistoric sites, whose years or more. Since this task is beyond the cemeteries contained a wealth offinely scope ofboth my paper and my expertise, I made artifacts. By modern standards, nearly focus on the development ofSanta Barbara all oftheir excavations were unsystematic Channel archaeology between 1960 and the and poorly documented. Thus, much ofthe present. Nonetheless, a brief overview of archaeological research of this period was the archaeology ofthe area will help place more destructive than constructive. Nu­ these later developments in a broader his­ merous important sites were damaged, while torical perspective. only minor contributions to the prehistory ofthe California coast were made. In their defense, however, the antiquarians had no AN ABBREVIATED HISTORY OF knowledge of the time depth ofPacific coast SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL prehistory or the dramatic cultural changes ARCHAEOLOGY that would be identified by later archaeolo­ gists. Relatively systematic archaeological work began in the Santa Barbara Channel The Culture Historians: 1925 to 1955 area by at least 1875, when Paul Schumach­ Reflecting broader trends in the devel­ er ofthe U.S. Coast Survey explored a opment ofAmerican anthropology, Santa number of major village sites, reportedly col­ Barbara Channel archaeologists ofthis peri­ lecting 15 tons ofartifacts in just a few od excavated sites with a new interest in de­ week's work (Chartkoff and Chartkoff fining cultural stages through stratigraphic 1984:347). In the intervening 117 years, in­ excavations and intersite comparisons (e.g., vestigations in the Santa Barbara area have Rogers 1929; Olson 1930; Orr 1943). The been instrumental in identifying cultural primary emphasis was on building a "culture patterns and defining regional chronologies history" or developmental sequence for the for the southern and central California area. During this era, burials and formal ar­ coast. As might be expected, the goals and tifact types remained the main objects of methods of archaeologists have changed study, but structures and refuse areas were dramatically during more than 100 years of systematically explored for the first time. research. Over the past 40 years alone, new Unlike the collections ofthe antiquarians, developments in archaeological method and however, many of the artifacts and burials theory have revolutionized our discipline. collected during this period continue to be Unfortunately, many ofthe sophisticated valuable sources of data for modern re­ questions we can now ask with the insights searchers interested in the prehistory ofthe gained from our new data and techniques California coast. cannot always be answered with collections recovered by early researchers. During this period, Santa Barbara Chan­ nel archaeologists laid the foundations ofa The Antiquarians: 1875 to 1925 culture history that profoundly influenced Little more than 100 years after the our view of California coastal prehistory. Spanish settlement ofAlta California, David Banks Rogers ofthe Santa Barbara antiquarians and curio-seekers from around Museum of Natural History explored dozens 223 ofSanta Barbara Channel village sites dur­ the archaeology ofcoastal California by ing the 1920s and 1930s, and produced the unequivocally demonstrating the antiquity flrst and best synthesis ofSanta Barbara ofcoastal settlement in the region (Heizer Channel prehistory ever written (Rogers 1958). One ofthe pioneers in the use ofra­ 1929). The names ofhis cultural stages diocarbon dating on the California coast was have been changed by later investigators Phil Orr, who succeeded Rogers at the Santa (see Wallace 1955; Harrison 1964; Warren Barbara Museum of Natural History in 1938. 1968), but to this day much ofthe work in During the 1950s and 1960s, Orr used l~ the Santa Barbara area is oriented towards dating to build a 10,000 year chronology of reflning Rogers' chronology and fleshing out human settlement on Santa Rosa Island the adaptations ofhis archaeological cul­ (Orr 1952,1962,1968). Orr and his contem­ tures. poraries flrst established the great antiquity ofcoastal adaptations in California and pro­ Scientiflc Archaeology: 1955 to Present vided important new data on the lifeways of Between 1955 and the present, many the coastal peoples ofthe Santa Barbara theoretical, methodological,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Santa Cruz County Coastal Climate Change Vulnerability Report
    Santa Cruz County Coastal Climate Change Vulnerability Report JUNE 2017 CENTRAL COAST WETLANDS GROUP MOSS LANDING MARINE LABS | 8272 MOSS LANDING RD, MOSS LANDING, CA Santa Cruz County Coastal Climate Change Vulnerability Report This page intentionally left blank Santa Cruz County Coastal Climate Change Vulnerability Report i Prepared by Central Coast Wetlands Group at Moss Landing Marine Labs Technical assistance provided by: ESA Revell Coastal The Nature Conservancy Center for Ocean Solutions Prepared for The County of Santa Cruz Funding Provided by: The California Ocean Protection Council Grant number C0300700 Santa Cruz County Coastal Climate Change Vulnerability Report ii Primary Authors: Central Coast Wetlands group Ross Clark Sarah Stoner-Duncan Jason Adelaars Sierra Tobin Kamille Hammerstrom Acknowledgements: California State Ocean Protection Council Abe Doherty Paige Berube Nick Sadrpour Santa Cruz County David Carlson City of Capitola Rich Grunow Coastal Conservation and Research Jim Oakden Science Team David Revell, Revell Coastal Bob Battalio, ESA James Gregory, ESA James Jackson, ESA GIS Layer support AMBAG Santa Cruz County Adapt Monterey Bay Kelly Leo, TNC Sarah Newkirk, TNC Eric Hartge, Center for Ocean Solution Santa Cruz County Coastal Climate Change Vulnerability Report iii Contents Contents Summary of Findings ........................................................................................................................ viii 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal Climate Change Hazards
    January 11, 2017 King Tide at Its Beach source: Visit Santa Cruz County City of Santa Cruz Beaches Urban Climate Adaptation Policy Implication & Response Strategy Evaluation Technical Report June 30, 2020 This page intentionally left blank for doodling City of Santa Cruz Beaches Climate Adaptation Policy Response Strategy Technical Report ii Report Prepared for the City of Santa Cruz Report prepared by the Central Coast Wetlands Group at Moss Landing Marine Labs and Integral Consulting Authors: Ross Clark, Sarah Stoner-Duncan, David Revell, Rachel Pausch, Andre Joseph-Witzig Funding Provided by the California Coastal Commission City of Santa Cruz Beaches Climate Adaptation Policy Response Strategy Technical Report iii Table of Contents 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Project Goals .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Planning Context .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Project Process ......................................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Coastal Scrub and Chaparral Bird Conservation Plan
    The Coastal Scrub and Chaparral Bird Conservation Plan A Strategy for Protecting and Managing Coastal Scrub and Chaparral Habitats and Associated Birds in California A Project of California Partners in Flight and PRBO Conservation Science The Coastal Scrub and Chaparral Bird Conservation Plan A Strategy for Protecting and Managing Coastal Scrub and Chaparral Habitats and Associated Birds in California Version 2.0 2004 Conservation Plan Authors Grant Ballard, PRBO Conservation Science Mary K. Chase, PRBO Conservation Science Tom Gardali, PRBO Conservation Science Geoffrey R. Geupel, PRBO Conservation Science Tonya Haff, PRBO Conservation Science (Currently at Museum of Natural History Collections, Environmental Studies Dept., University of CA) Aaron Holmes, PRBO Conservation Science Diana Humple, PRBO Conservation Science John C. Lovio, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, U.S. Navy (Currently at TAIC, San Diego) Mike Lynes, PRBO Conservation Science (Currently at Hastings University) Sandy Scoggin, PRBO Conservation Science (Currently at San Francisco Bay Joint Venture) Christopher Solek, Cal Poly Ponoma (Currently at UC Berkeley) Diana Stralberg, PRBO Conservation Science Species Account Authors Completed Accounts Mountain Quail - Kirsten Winter, Cleveland National Forest. Greater Roadrunner - Pete Famolaro, Sweetwater Authority Water District. Coastal Cactus Wren - Laszlo Szijj and Chris Solek, Cal Poly Pomona. Wrentit - Geoff Geupel, Grant Ballard, and Mary K. Chase, PRBO Conservation Science. Gray Vireo - Kirsten Winter, Cleveland National Forest. Black-chinned Sparrow - Kirsten Winter, Cleveland National Forest. Costa's Hummingbird (coastal) - Kirsten Winter, Cleveland National Forest. Sage Sparrow - Barbara A. Carlson, UC-Riverside Reserve System, and Mary K. Chase. California Gnatcatcher - Patrick Mock, URS Consultants (San Diego). Accounts in Progress Rufous-crowned Sparrow - Scott Morrison, The Nature Conservancy (San Diego).
    [Show full text]
  • California State Waters Map Series: Offshore of Santa Barbara, California
    California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Santa Barbara, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Peter Dartnell, Guy R. Cochrane, Nadine E. Golden, Eleyne L. Phillips, Andrew C. Ritchie, H. Gary Greene, Lisa M. Krigsman, Rikk G. Kvitek, Bryan E. Dieter, Charles A. Endris, Gordon G. Seitz, Ray W. Sliter, Mercedes D. Erdey, Carlos I. Gutierrez, Florence L. Wong, Mary M. Yoklavich, Amy E. Draut, Patrick E. Hart, and James E. Conrad (Samuel Y. Johnson and Susan A. Cochran, editors) Pamphlet to accompany Scientific Investigations Map 3281 2013 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior SALLY JEWELL, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2013 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Suggested citation: Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Cochrane, G.R., Golden, N.E., Phillips, E.L., Ritchie, A.C., Greene, H.G., Krigsman, L.M., Kvitek, R.G., Dieter, B.E., Endris, C.A., Seitz, G.G., Sliter, R.W., Erdey, M.E., Gutierrez, C.I., Wong, F.L., Yoklavich, M.M., Draut, A.E., Hart, P.E., and Conrad, J.E. (S.Y. Johnson and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2013, California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Santa Barbara, California: U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Chumash Ritual and Sacred Geography on Santa Cruz Island, California
    UC Merced Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology Title Chumash Ritual and Sacred Geography on Santa Cruz Island, California Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0z15r2hj Journal Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology, 27(2) ISSN 0191-3557 Author Perry, Jennifer E Publication Date 2007 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology | Vol, 27, No, 2 (2007) | pp. 103-124 Chumash Ritual and Sacred Geography on Santa Cruz Island, California JENNIFER E. PERRY Department of Anthropology, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711 In contrast to the archaeological visibility of Chumash rock art on the mainland, its virtual absence on the northern Channel Islands is reflective of what little is understood about ritual behavior in island prehistory. By relying on relevant ethnohistoric and ethnographic references from the mainland, it is possible to evaluate how related activities may be manifested archaeologically on the islands. On Santa Cruz Island, portable ritual items and rock features have been identified on El Montahon and the North Ridge, the most prominent ridgelines on the northern islands Citing material correlates of ritual behavior, intentionally-made rock features are interpreted as possible shrines, which were an important aspect of winter solstice ceremonies among the mainland Chumash. Portable ritual items and possible shrines are considered in the context of sacred geography, revealing aspects of how the Chumash may have interacted with the supernatural landscape of Santa Cruz Island. andscapes are imbued with different attributes and Conception and Mount Pinos (as examples of the former) Llvalues; whether economic, aesthetic, recrea­ to sweatlodges and rock sites (as examples of the latter) tional, spiritual, or otherwise, these values intersect, (Grant 1965; Haley and Wilcoxon 1997,1999).
    [Show full text]
  • 3.4 Biological Resources
    3.4 Biological Resources 3.4 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 3.4.1 Introduction This section evaluates the potential for implementation of the Proposed Project to have impacts on biological resources, including sensitive plants, animals, and habitats. The Notice of Preparation (NOP) (Appendix A) identified the potential for impacts associated to candidate, sensitive, or special status species (as defined in Section 3.4.6 below), sensitive natural communities, jurisdictional waters of the United States, wildlife corridors or other significant migratory pathway, and a potential to conflict with local policies and ordinances protecting biological resources. Data used to prepare this section were taken from the Orange County General Plan, the City of Lake Forest General Plan, Lake Forest Municipal Code, field observations, and other sources, referenced within this section, for background information. Full bibliographic references are noted in Section 3.4.12 (References). No comments with respect to biological resources were received during the NOP comment period. The Proposed Project includes a General Plan Amendment (GPA) and zone change for development of Sites 1 to 6 and creation of public facilities overlay on Site 7. 3.4.2 Environmental Setting Regional Characteristics The City of Lake Forest, with a population of approximately 77,700 as of January 2004, is an area of 16.6 square miles located in the heart of South Orange County and Saddleback Valley, between the coastal floodplain and the Santa Ana Mountains (see Figure 2-1, Regional Location). The western portion of the City is near sea level, while the northeastern portion reaches elevations of up to 1,500 feet.
    [Show full text]
  • Antoine Traisnel 435 S
    ANTOINE TRAISNEL 435 S. State Street, 3132 Angell Hall, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 [email protected] ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS Assistant Professor, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Departments of Comparative Literature and English Language and Literature (2015- present) Assistant Professor of Literary and Cultural Theory, Cornell University Department of Comparative Literature (2013-15) Term Assistant Professor (ATER), Université Paris 8 Department of English (2008-10) EDUCATION Ph.D., Comparative Literature, Brown University, 2013 Dissertation: “After the Animal: Predatory Pursuits in Antebellum America” Committee: Kevin McLaughlin (Chair), Barbara Herrnstein Smith, Timothy Bewes, Marc Redfield Cornell University Exchange Scholar, Department of English (2012-13) Adjunct Fellow in the Society for the Humanities, Yearlong focal theme “Risk” Ph.D., American Literature, Université Lille 3, 2009 Dissertation: “Nathaniel Hawthorne: L’allégorie critique, ou l’écriture de la crise” Supervised by Mathieu Duplay | Conferred with First-class honors Fulbright Fellow, Department of English, Brown University (2007-08) M.A., American Literature, Université Lille 3, 2005 Conferred with First-class honors Agrégation of English, Ecole Normale Supérieure de la rue d’Ulm, 2003-04 Awarded both Agrégation and CAPES of English (La Sorbonne), 2004 TEACHING AND RESEARCH FIELDS • Comparative Literature (English, • Literary and Critical Theory French, German) • Animal Studies and the Posthumanities • Nineteenth-Century American • Ecocriticism Literature ANTOINE TRAISNEL
    [Show full text]
  • Tribal Marine Protected Areas: Protecting Maritime Ways And
    EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The White Paper entitled Tribal Marine Protected Areas: Protecting Maritime Ways and Practice published by the Wishtoyo Foundation (Ventura County, Santa Barbara) in 2004 describes the ecological and cultural significance of south-central California’s marine environment as a suitable area to establish new marine protected areas or MPAs. Tribal MPAs can be one tool for tribal people to co-manage and protect important submerged Chumash cultural sites and coastal marine ecosystems. The Chumash people lived in villages along the south-central California coast from the present day sites of Malibu to Morro Bay and extended to the northern Channel Islands. The Chumash reference for the northern Channel Islands are Tuqan (San Miguel), Wi’ma (Santa Rosa), Limuw (Santa Cruz) and Anyapax (Anacapa). Limuw means “in the sea is the meaning of the language spoken” while Chumash villages were named after the sea, such as Mikiw or “the place of mussels”. Evidence of Chumash village sites and tomol routes show an intimate relationship with the culture, sea and northern Channel Islands. The map below shows the villages and tomol routes within the greater Chumash bioregion. The varied maritime culture was diverse and depended on the rich array of animals and plants. Many animals, such as the swordfish, played a central role in Chumash maritime song, ceremony, ritual and dance. The Chumash people were heavily dependent on a healthy marine environment; the marine component of the Chumash diet consisted of over 150 types of marine fishes as well as a variety of shellfish including crabs, lobsters, mussels, abalone, clams, oysters, chitons, and other gastropods.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Quaternary Extinctions on California's
    Flightless ducks, giant mice and pygmy mammoths: Late Quaternary extinctions on California’s Channel Islands Torben C. Rick, Courtney A. Hofman, Todd J. Braje, Jesu´ s E. Maldonado, T. Scott Sillett, Kevin Danchisko and Jon M. Erlandson Abstract Explanations for the extinction of Late Quaternary megafauna are heavily debated, ranging from human overkill to climate change, disease and extraterrestrial impacts. Synthesis and analysis of Late Quaternary animal extinctions on California’s Channel Islands suggest that, despite supporting Native American populations for some 13,000 years, few mammal, bird or other species are known to have gone extinct during the prehistoric human era, and most of these coexisted with humans for several millennia. Our analysis provides insight into the nature and variability of Quaternary extinctions on islands and a broader context for understanding ancient extinctions in North America. Keywords Megafauna; island ecology; human-environmental interactions; overkill; climate change. Downloaded by [Torben C. Rick] at 03:56 22 February 2012 Introduction In earth’s history there have been five mass extinctions – the Ordovician, Devonian, Permian, Triassic and Cretaceous events – characterized by a loss of over 75 per cent of species in a short geological time period (e.g. 2 million years or less: Barnosky et al. 2011). Although not a mass extinction, one of the most heavily debated extinction events is the Late Quaternary extinction of megafauna, when some two-thirds of large terrestrial mammalian genera (444kg) worldwide went extinct (Barnosky et al. 2004). Explanations for this event include climate change, as the planet went from a glacial to interglacial World Archaeology Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Channel Islands Yacht Club 1
    November VOLUME 60 ~ ISSUE 11 Commodore: Mike Farrell Editor: Liz Campbell Asst: Erika Barbaric Asst: Frank & Sharon Sullivan CIYC is at Lat. 34º 09' 48.9" N; Long. 119º 13' 35.6" W Channel Islands 4100 Harbor Blvd., Oxnard, CA 93035. Phone (805) 985-2492 Yacht Club Currents 2021 Commodore Mike Greenup, Vice Commodore Billy Le Croy, and Rear Commodore Dawn Turnier Currents November 2020 Channel Islands Yacht Club 1 Message From The Commodore Mike Farrell Well, the infamous year 2020 is winding down and the holiday season is upon us. As with almost everything over the past 8+ months, it promises to be very different from what we have seen in past years. This is normally one the most enjoyable times during the CIYC calendar year. Unfortunately, we have been forced to cancel memorable events like the Anniversary Dinner, Awards Dinner, Halloween Party, Anglers awards dinner and more. The Parade of Lights is tentative. All is not lost, however! In October, with Ventura County entering the “red tier,” we were able to reopen for dinners inside our clubhouse. We have been fortunate to have great weather which has allowed us to enjoy our outside seating arrangements. People have slowly been returning to the club to enjoy great meals with their friends in a COVID-safe environment. We have signed up at least 17 new members who have begun to participate in our family environment. All of these are signs that we will get through this together and be back in full swing as the pandemic subsides. We have learned from having to operate in our new reality and, I believe, many of the processes and precautions we have put in place will carry over to our club life in future COVID-free years.
    [Show full text]
  • City of Santa Barbara Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment
    City of Santa Barbara Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment Project Members Sara Denka Alyssa Hall Laura Nicholson Advisor James Frew March 2015 A Group Project submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Environmental Science and Management Cover Photos: Laura Nicholson Declaration of Authorship As authors of this Group Project report, we are proud to archive this report on the Bren School’s website such that the results of our research are available for all to read. Our signatures on the document signify our joint responsibility to fulfill the archiving standards set by the Bren School of Environmental Science & Management. Sara Denka Alyssa Hall Laura Nicholson The mission of the Bren School of Environmental Science & Management is to produce professionals with unrivaled training in environmental science and management who will devote their unique skills to the diagnosis, assessment, mitigation, prevention, and remedy of the environmental problems of today and the future. A guiding principle of the School is that the analysis of environmental problems requires quantitative training in more than one discipline and an awareness of the physical, biological, social, political, and economic consequences that arise from scientific or technological decisions. The Group Project is required of all students in the Master’s of Environmental Science and Management (MESM) Program. It is a three-quarter activity in which small groups of students conduct focused, interdisciplinary research on the scientific, management, and policy dimensions of a specific environmental issue. This Final Group Project Report is authored by MESM students and has been reviewed and approved by: James Frew, PhD March, 2015 Acknowledgements This project could not have been accomplished without the consultation and guidance of many people both at The Bren School and within the Santa Barbara Community.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Coastal Santa Barbara Streams and Estuaries Bioassessment Program
    SOUTHERN COASTAL SANTA BARBARA STREAMS AND ESTUARIES BIOASSESSMENT PROGRAM 2014 REPORT AND UPDATED INDEX OF BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY Prepared for: City of Santa Barbara, Creeks Division County of Santa Barbara, Project Clean Water Prepared By: www.ecologyconsultantsinc.com Ecology Consultants, Inc. Executive Summary Introduction This report summarizes the results of the 2014 Southern Coastal Santa Barbara Streams and Estuaries Bioassessment Program, an effort funded by the City of Santa Barbara and County of Santa Barbara. This is the 15th year of the Program, which began in 2000. Ecology Consultants, Inc. (Ecology) prepared this report, and serves as the City and County’s consultant for the Program. The purpose of the Program is to assess and monitor the “biological integrity” of study streams and estuaries as they respond through time to natural and human influences. The Program involves annual collection and analyses of benthic macroinvertebrate (BMI) samples and other pertinent physiochemical and biological data at study streams using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) endorsed rapid bioassessment methodology. BMI samples are analyzed in the laboratory to determine BMI abundance, composition, and diversity. Scores and classifications of biological integrity are determined for study streams using the BMI based Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) constructed by Ecology. The IBI was initially built in 2004, updated in 2009, and has been updated again this year. The IBI yields a numeric score and classifies the biological integrity of a given stream as Very Poor, Poor, Fair, Good, or Excellent based on the contents of the BMI sample collected from the stream. Several “core metrics” are calculated and used to determine the IBI score.
    [Show full text]