Full Circle THE INDEPENDENT MAGAZINE FOR THE UBUNTU COMMUNITY

ISSUE #161 - September 2020 ) m o . r k c i l F ( n w t s e r

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PPOODDCCAASSTT PPRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN LEARN FROM THE PROFESSIONALS full circle magazine #161 contents ^ Full Circle Magazine is neither affiliated with,1 nor endorsed by, Canonical Ltd. HowTo Full Circle THE INDEPENDENT MAGAZINE FOR THE UBUNTU LINUX COMMUNITY Python p.14 Linux News p.04

Podcast Production p.19 Command & Conquer p.12 Linux Loopback p.33 Everyday Ubuntu p.34

Rawtherapee p.22 Ubuntu Devices p.36 The Daily Waddle p.35 My Opinion p.40

Krita For Old Photos p.29 My Story p.XX Letters p.XX Review p.42

Inkscape p.25 Q&A p.45 Review p.XX Ubuntu Games p.48 Graphics

The articles contained in this magazine are released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. This means you can adapt, copy, distribute and transmit the articles but only under the following conditions: you must attribute the work to the original author in some way (at least a name, email or URL) and to this magazine by name ('Full Circle Magazine') and the URL www.fullcirclemagazine.org (but not attribute the article(s) in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you must distribute the resulting work under the same, similar or a compatible license. Full Circle magazine is entirely independent of Canonical, the sponsor of the Ubuntu projects, and the views and opinions in the magazine should in no way be assumed to have Canonical endorsement. full circle magazine #161 2 contents ^ EEDDIITTOORRIIAALL

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WELCOME TO THE LATEST ISSUE OF FULL CIRCLE

his month, we have the usual suspects of Python, , and Rawtherapee, and the T next part of the series on creating a in Linux. This month also brings to a close the Rust series from Erik. I'm sure he'll cook something else up for next month.

Just days before this issue went to the virtual printers we had a new update released for UBports Touch. This new patch (OTA-13) brings a veritable slew of new tweaks to the ever evolving mobile OS formerly known as Ubuntu Touch. Granted, there's maybe not much to see at the front end, but there's a lot of little changes in the back end.

In other news: our former podcast host (from about a million years ago) Robin Catling, has Find Full Circle on: released a book about VirtualBox and networking. There's an ad for it in this month's issue. We'll .com/ hopefully be running a review on it soon. fullcirclemagazine That's it for this month. Stay safe and well! .com/#!/fullcirclemag http://issuu.com/ All the best, and keep in touch! fullcirclemagazine Ronnie https://mastodon.social/ [email protected] @fullcirclemagazine

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full circle magazine #161 3 contents ^ NNEEWWSS Submitted by ErikTheUnready

LENOVO STARTS SHIPPING Desktop, which is an add-on over Beyond Linux From Scratch 10 the user's KDE Plasma (BLFS) are out. Linux From Scratch HINK AD NOTEBOOKS WITH FREE VIDEO EDITOR T P environment. and its provides instructions for building a FEDORA LINUX 2.7.6 RELEASED: own NX Center are being basic Linux system from scratch PREINSTALLED: promoted to install additional using only the of the 08/31/2020 applications. The size of the boot required software. Beyond Linux 08/31/2020 image is 3.2GB. The project is From Scratch complements the LFS new version of Avidemux is distributed under free licenses. instructions with information on available, designed to solve atthew Miller, Fedora Project A building and configuring about simple tasks for cutting video, Leader, announced that NX Desktop offers a different 1000 software packages covering a M applying filters and encoding. A Lenovo is now able to ship the first style, its own implementation of variety of applications, from DBMS large number of file formats and ThinkPad with Fedora the system tray, notification center and systems to graphics are supported. Tasks can be pre-installed. Fedora and various plasmoids, such as a shells and media players. automated using job queues, only offers the ThinkPad X1 Carbon network configurator and a scripting, and project creation. Gen 8 model, starting at 1287 USD. multimedia applet for volume http://lists.linuxfromscratch.org/ Avidemux is licensed under the GPL control and playback control of pipermail/lfs-support/2020- and supports Linux, BSD, MacOS A standard Fedora 32 build is multimedia content. September/053845. and Windows. offered, using the official project repositories, which allows only https://sourceforge.net/p/nitruxos/ http://avidemux.sourceforge.net/ applications under open and free news/2019/06/nitrux-117- FLY-PIE RADIAL MENU licenses (users who need available/ SYSTEM PREPARED FOR proprietary drivers can install them separately). In NITRUX 1.3.2, MIGRATING GNOME preparation for the Fedora 32 FROM SYSTEMD TO OPENRC: LINUX FROM SCRATCH 10 release, engineers at Red Hat and 03.09.2020 AND BEYOND LINUX FROM Lenovo worked together to ensure 09/01/2020 that the distribution was ready to SCRATCH 10: he second release of the Fly-Pie project, a circular menu run on these notebooks. itrux 1.3.2 distribution is T 09/02/2020 that can be used to launch available, built on the Ubuntu N applications, open links and https://twitter.com/mattdm/status/ base and KDE technologies. The ew editions of Linux From simulate hotkeys, is out. The menu 1299718126175744000 distribution develops its own NX N Scratch 10 (LFS) and of offers cascading expandable items full circle magazine #161 4 contents ^ NEWS linked to each other by chains of with determining dependencies. They have moved away from the https://inkscape.org/news/ dependencies. A GNOME add- Interestingly, some developers use of the SHA-1 algorithm, which 2020/09/06/inkscape-version-101- on is availabe for download that suggested rewriting the has problems with collision patches-crashes-bugs/ supports installation on GNOME dependency resolution code in C / selection, in favor of SHA2-256. 3.36 and tested on Ubuntu 20.04. A C ++ or Go to speed up its work, but SHA2-256 is used both to control built-in interactive manual is they managed to solve the existing the integrity of data blocks and for GSTREAMER 1.18.0 provided to familiarize you with the problem with little effort. records in indexes (info-dictionary), techniques. which breaks compatibility with MULTIMEDIA FRAMEWORK https://www.gentoo.org/news/ DHT and trackers. AVAILABLE: https://schneegans.github.io/news/ 2020/09/05/-3- 2020/08/31/flypie2 stablized.html https://blog.libtorrent.org/2020/09/ 09/08/2020 bittorrent-v2/ fter a year and a half of GENTOO PROJECT A development , GStreamer 1.18 LIBTORRENT 2.0 RELEASE INKSCAPE VECTOR was released, a cross-platform set INTRODUCES PORTAGE 3.0 of components written in C for PACKAGE MANAGEMENT WITH BITTORRENT 2 GRAPHICS EDITOR 1.0.1 creating a wide range of SYSTEM: PROTOCOL SUPPORT: RELEASED: multimedia applications, from media players and audio / video file 09/07/2020 09/07/2020 08.09.2020 converters, to VoIP applications and streaming systems. The tabilized release of the Portage major release of libtorrent 2.0 n update is available for the GStreamer code is licensed under S 3.0 package management A (also known as libtorrent- A free vector graphics editor the LGPLv2.1 license. At the same system used in the rasterbar), which offers an Inkscape 1.0.1 , which fixes bugs time, plugins updates gst-plugins- distribution is out. The presented implementation of the BitTorrent and shortcomings identified in the base 1.18, gst-plugins-good 1.18, branch summed up the long work protocol that is efficient in terms of 1.0 release. The editor provides gst-plugins-bad 1.18, gst-plugins- on the transition to Python 3 and memory consumption and CPU flexible drawing tools and provides ugly 1.18 are available, as well as the end of support for Python 2.7. utilization. The is used in support for reading and saving the gst-libav 1.18 binding and the torrent clients such as Deluge , images in SVG, OpenDocument gst-rtsp-server 1.18 streaming In addition to the qBittorrent , Folx , Lince , Miro and Drawing, DXF, WMF, EMF, sk1, PDF, server. At the API and ABI level, the discontinuation of support for Flush (not to be confused with the EPS, PostScript, and PNG formats. new release is backward Python 2.7, another important other libtorrent library used by Inkscape prebuilt assemblies are compatible with the 1.0 branch. change was the inclusion of rTorrent). Libtorrent code is written prepared for Linux (AppImage, optimizations that allowed 50-60% in C ++ and is distributed under the , ), macOS and https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/ faster computations associated BSD license. Windows.

full circle magazine #161 5 contents ^ NEWS KDEVELOP 5.6 APPLICATION switch between "enforcing" and accustomed to working in new version of Cine Encoder "permissive" modes during bootup Windows. To control the 2020 SE has been released for DEVELOPMENT A will be preserved. After SELinux appearance, they offers a special video processing with preservation ENVIRONMENT RELEASED: initialization, LSM handlers will be configurator that allows you to give of HDR signals. The program is placed in read-only mode, which the desktop a look typical for written in Python, uses the 09/08/2020 improves protection against different versions of Windows, and FFmpeg, MkvToolNix and attacks aimed at disabling SELinux the package includes a selection of MediaInfo utilities in its work, and fter six months of after exploiting vulnerabilities that programs close to the programs is distributed under the GPLv3 A development, the release of could change the contents of that Windows users are used to. license. There are packages for the the integrated programming kernel memory. The bootable iso is 2.4 GB in size main distributions: Ubuntu 20.04, environment, which fully supports (there are two builds available - a Fedora 32, , Manjaro the development process for KDE To disable SELinux, you will regular one based on GNOME and Linux. 5, including using Clang as a need to reboot the system with the "Lite" with ). It is noted that , is out. The project code is "selinux = 0" parameter in the Zorin OS 15 builds have been https://github.com/CineEncoder/ distributed under the GPL license kernel command line. Disabling by downloaded over 1.7 million times cine-encoder and uses the KDE Frameworks 5 changing the / etc / selinux / config since June 2019, and 65% of the and 5 libraries. (SELINUX = disabled) settings will downloads are by Windows and not be supported. Previously, macOS users. RELEASE OF UBUNTU * PACK https://www.kdevelop.org/news/ support for unloading the SELinux kdevelop-560-released module was deprecated in the The new version migrates to the (OEMPACK) 20.04 Linux 5.6 kernel. Linux 5.4 kernel with support for DISTRIBUTION FROM new hardware. Updated versions of UALINUX PROJECT: FEDORA 34 INTENDS TO https://www.mail-archive.com/ custom applications, including devel- LibreOffice 6.3.6. 09/10/2020 REMOVE ON-THE-FLY [email protected]/ INUX DISABLING AND msg02358.html https://blog.zorin.com/2020/09/08/ SEL vailable for free - download zorin-os-15-3-is-here/ MIGRATE TO KDE FROM A Ubuntu * Pack 20.04, in the WAYLAND: form of 13 independent systems ZORIN OS 15.3 RELEASED: with different interfaces, including 09.09.2020 CINE ENCODER 2020 SE 2.4 Budgie, Cinnamon, GNOME, 09.09.2020 VIDEO PROCESSING GNOME Classic , GNOME Flashback, KDE (Kubuntu), LXqt (), or implementation in Fedora SOFTWARE: F 34, a change is outlined to orin OS 15.3, based on the MATE, Unity and Xfce (Xubuntu), Z Ubuntu 18.04.5, is out. The plus two new new interfaces: DDE remove the ability to disable 09.09.2020 SELinux at runtime. The ability to target audience are novice users (Deepin desktop) and Like Win full circle magazine #161 6 contents ^ NEWS (Windows 10-style interface). https://lists.infradead.org/ WEBKITGTK 2.30.0 anjaro Linux 20.1, built on pipermail/openwrt-devel/2020- Arch Linux and aimed at BROWSER ENGINE AND M The distributions are based on September/031353.html novice users, was released. The the Ubuntu 20.04 LTS package base EPIPHANY 3.38 WEB distribution kit is notable for the and are positioned as a self- BROWSER RELEASED: presence of a simplified and user- contained solution with all the friendly installation process, necessary software out of the box. RELEASE OF THE DEEPIN 20: 12.09.2020 support for automatic hardware detection and installation of the https://ualinux.com/ru/news/reliz- 09/11/2020 he release of the new stable drivers necessary for its operation. distributiva-ubuntu-pack-oempack- T branch of WebKitGTK 2.30.0, a Manjaro comes in live builds with 20-04 eepin 20 distribution is based port of the WebKit browser engine KDE (2.9 GB), GNOME (2.6 GB) and D on the , but develops its for the GTK platform, is out. Xfce (2.6 GB) graphical own Deepin WebKitGTK allows you to use all environments. Builds with Budgie, OPENWRT 19.07.4 (DDE) and about 30 user the features of WebKit through the Cinnamon, Deepin, LXDE, LXQt, GNOME-oriented programming MATE and i3 are developed with RELEASED: applications, including the DMusic music player, DMovie video player, interface based on GObject and can community participation. be used to integrate web content 09/10/2020 DTalk messaging system, and Deepin Software installer and processing tools into any To manage repositories, application, from using specialized Manjaro uses its own BoxIt toolkit, penWrt 19.07.4, which is installation center Center. The HTML / CSS parsers to creating full- designed after the Git image. The intended for use in various project was founded by a group of O featured web browsers. Well- repository is supported on a rolling network devices, such as routers developers from China, but known projects using WebKitGTK basis, but new versions go through and access points, is out. OpenWrt transformed into an international include and the standard an additional stage of stabilization. supports many different platforms project. All developments are distributed under the GPLv3 GNOME browser (Epiphany). In addition to its own repository, and architectures and has a build there is support for using the AUR system that allows you to easily license. The size of the bootable iso https://webkitgtk.org/2020/09/11/ (Arch User Repository) repository . and conveniently cross-compile, image is 2.6 GB (amd64). webkitgtk2.30.0-released.html The distribution is supplied with a including various components in graphical installer and a graphical the assembly, which makes it easy https://www.deepin.org/en/ 2020/09/11/deepin-20-innovation- interface for configuring the to create a ready-made firmware or system. disk image adapted for specific is-ongoing/ tasks with the desired set of pre- MANJARO LINUX 20.1 https://forum.manjaro.org/t/ installed packages. Binaries are DISTRIBUTION RELEASE manjaro-20-1-mikah-got-released/ generated for 37 target platforms. 24173 09/12/2020

full circle magazine #161 7 contents ^ NEWS FREEBSD 12.2 BETA drivers (Direct Rendering Manager) Arm IoT Services Group, which will can be used, and arbitrary build in the graphics subsystem are remain under Softbank's control. rules can be created. TESTING HAS BEGUN synchronized with the Linux 5.4 kernel. NVIDIA will retain the The scripting language used in 09/13/2020 independence of ARM - 90% of the Qbs is adapted to automate the https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/ shares will be owned by NVIDIA, generation and parsing of build he first beta release of -stable/2020-September/ and 10% will remain with Softbank. scripts by integrated development FreeBSD 12.2 has been T 092680.html environments. released. FreeBSD 12.2-BETA1 is https://nvidianews.nvidia.com/ available for amd64, i386, , news/nvidia-to-acquire-arm-for-40- https://www.qt.io/blog/qbs-1-17- powerpc64, powerpcspe, sparc64 billion-creating-worlds-premier- released and armv6, armv7 and aarch64 NVIDIA ANNOUNCED ITS computing-company-for-the-age- architectures. Additionally, images PURCHASE OF ARM: of-ai were prepared for virtualization systems (QCOW2, VHD, VMDK, 09/14/2020 FURYBSD 2020-Q3, A LIVE raw) and Amazon EC2 cloud BUILD OF FREEBSD WITH environments. FreeBSD 12.2 is RELEASE OF QBS 1.17 VIDIA announced the KDE AND XFCE: scheduled to be released on N conclusion of a deal to ASSEMBLY TOOLKIT: October 27th. purchase Arm Limited from the 09/14/2020 Japanese holding Softbank. The 09/14/2020 The changelog release notes are deal is expected to be completed he release of the Live- limited to an empty template for within 18 months after receiving his is the fourth release since distribution FuryBSD 2020-Q3, now, but new features previously T regulatory approval from the UK, T left the built on FreeBSD and delivered slated for inclusion in FreeBSD 12.2 China, the EU and the United project, produced by the with Xfce (1.8 GB) and KDE (2.2 GB) include the default W ^ X (write States. In 2016, the Softbank community with an interest in desktops, has been published. XOR execute) security technique. holding acquired ARM for $ 32 continuing Qbs development. To FuryBSD Continuous Builds are W ^ X means that memory pages billion. build Qbs, Qt is required as a available separately, offering the cannot be simultaneously available dependency, although Qbs itself is Lumina, MATE and Xfce desktops. for writing and execution. The W ^ The deal for the sale of ARM to designed to organize the build of X mode will allow loading the NVIDIA is $ 40 billion, of which $ 12 any projects. Qbs uses a simplified The project is being developed kernel using executable memory billion will be paid in cash, 21.5 version of the QML language to by Joe Maloney of iXsystems, pages for which write is prohibited billion in NVIDIA shares, 1.5 billion define build scripts for the project, which oversees TrueOS and (earlier for memory pages with in shares for ARM employees and 5 which allows you to define fairly FreeNAS, but FuryBSD is marketed kernel data, the execution ban was billion in stock or cash as a bonus flexible build rules in which as a community-supported, already applied, but without when ARM reaches certain financial external modules can be independent, independent project binding to the write ability). DRM targets. The deal does not affect connected, JavaScript functions from iXsystems. full circle magazine #161 8 contents ^ NEWS SE 15 RELEASE: https://www.furybsd.org/furybsd- 2020-q3-the-worlds-first-openzfs- VMWARE WORKSTATION 09/15/2020 based-live-image/ FULL CIRCLE WEEKLY PRO 16.0 RELEASE: fter six months of development, Oracle has NEWS 09/15/2020 A CISCO RELEASES CLAMAV released a platform Java SE 15 (Java Platform, Standard Edition 0.103 FREE ANTIVIRUS he release of version 16 of 15), as a reference implementation SUITE: T VMWare Workstation Pro, a that uses an open source project proprietary virtualization software OpenJDK. Java SE 15 maintains 09/14/2020 suite for , also backward compatibility with available for Linux. previous releases of the Java isco has announced a platform, all previously written C significant new release of the https://docs.vmware.com/en/ Java projects will work without free ClamAV 0.103.0 antivirus suite. VMware-Workstation-Pro/16/rn/ changes when launched under the The project passed into the hands VMware-Workstation-16-Pro- new version. Ready-to-install Java of Cisco in 2013 after the purchase Release-Notes.html SE 15 binaries (JDK, JRE, and Server of Sourcefire, which develops JRE) for Linux (x86_64), Windows, Join our new host Leo ClamAV and Snort. The project and macOS can be downloaded. Chavez as he presents you code is distributed under the GPLv2 The Java 15 reference with a short podcast license. implementation developed by the (<10min) with just the news. OpenJDK project is completely No chit-chat. No time https://blog.clamav.net/2020/09/ open source under the GPLv2 wasting. Just the latest clamav-01030-released.html license, with GNU ClassPath FOSS/Linux/ Ubuntu news.

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full circle magazine #161 9 contents ^ NEWS exceptions allowing dynamic GENTOO BEGAN in the kernel itself). linking to commercial products. DISTRIBUTING GENERIC LINUX GNOME 3.38 USER https://www.gentoo.org/news/ http://mail.openjdk.java.net/ KERNEL BUILDS 2020/09/15/distribution- ENVIRONMENT: pipermail/announce/2020- kernel.html September/000291.html 09/16/2020 09/16/2020

he Gentoo Linux developers ompared to the previous RELEASE OF THE NEW STABLE have announced the availability release, about 28 thousand SOLARIS 11.4 SRU25 T C of generic Linux kernel builds TOR 0.4.4: changes were made, in which 901 AVAILABLE: created by the Gentoo Distribution developers took part. For a quick Kernel project to simplify the Linux 09/16/2020 assessment of the capabilities of 09/15/2020 kernel maintenance process in the GNOME 3.38, specialized Live distribution. The project provides or 0.4.4.5 toolkit, used to builds based on openSUSE and he Solaris 11.4 SRU 25 (Support the ability to both install ready- T organize the work of the Tor Ubuntu have been prepared. T Repository Update) operating made binary assemblies with the anonymous network, is out. Tor GNOME 3.38 is also included in the system update has been released, kernel, and use a unified ebuild to 0.4.4.5 is considered the first stable pre- builds of Fedora 33. which offers a series of regular build, configure and install the release of the 0.4.4 branch, which fixes and improvements for the kernel using the , has evolved over the last five Beginning with the release of Solaris 11.4 branch . To install the by analogy with other packages. months. Branch 0.4.4 will be GNOME 3.38, the project began fixes proposed in the update, maintained as part of a regular building its own installation image - simply run the 'pkg update' The key differences between maintenance cycle - the release of produced by the GNOME OS command. the proposed ready-made updates will be discontinued after initiative. The image is intended to assemblies and manual kernel 9 months (in June 2021) or 3 be installed in virtual machines https://blogs.oracle.com/solaris/ builds are the ability to months after the release of branch running GNOME Boxes 3.38 and is announcing-oracle-solaris-114- automatically update when 0.4.5.x. LTS is provided for branch primarily aimed at testing and sru25 installing regular system updates 0.3.5, updates will be released until debugging developing features by the package manager (emerge -- February 1, 2022. Support for and applications, as well as update @world) and a predefined branches 0.4.0.x, 0.2.9.x and 0.4.2.x experimenting with the user set of default options that is discontinued. Support for the interface. guarantee performance after an 0.4.1.x branch will be discontinued update (when manually on May 20, and 0.4.3 on February https://www.gnome.org/news/ configuring, if the kernel does not 15, 2021. 2020/09/-3-38-released/ load or failure, it is not clear if the problem is related to incorrect https://blog.torproject.org/node/ setting of parameters or to an error 1921 full circle magazine #161 10 contents ^ The VirtualBox Networking Primer Connecting and Configuring Virtual Machines

The VirtualBox Networking Primer is a no-nonsense guide for the VirtualBox user taking their next steps into virtual networks.

While Oracle VM VirtualBox is a great free tool, the real power of virtualisation comes when you start connecting virtual machines to each other and to the wider world.

Software development, sales, education and training are just some of the areas in which network access to virtual machines offers endless opportunities.

But the world of computer networks is filled with complex technical jargon.

Complete with principles, practice, examples and glossary, The VirtualBox Networking Primer takes the frustration and confusion out of connecting real-world projects.

Author: Robin Catling Publisher: Proactivity Press ISBN13 : 9781916119482

Amazon US link: https://www.amazon.com/dp/1916119484? ref_=pe_3052080_397514860

Amazon UK link https://www.amazon.co.uk/VirtualBox-Networking-Primer- Connecting-Configuring/dp/1916119484/ref=sr_1_1? dchild=1&keywords=+networking+primer&qid=1600253 699&s=books&sr=1-1 full circle magazine #161 11 contents ^ CCOOMMMMAANNDD && CCOONNQQUUEERR Rust Pt.6 Written by Erik Rust Pt.6

kay rustafarians, we head back used the main function only and no Note that the arrow is not ‘=>’ as packages. But in Rust, we need O to Rust development as user-defined functions. Functions like we used before. But that is also to be clear: A package is one or @Daredevil14 and Ellin complained don’t have to just print something not where the odd things end; if more crates that provide a set of about where Lucas’ rust blog went. on the screen, like we have been you want to return a value, you do functionality. A package contains a It looks like you guys want more doing, but functions can take not end the statement with a ‘cargo.toml’ file that describes how rust and less ‘security nonsense’. arguments and return values. semicolon. to build those crates. Firstly, do not neglect to read the However, unlike C, or other older above book. If you are a complete programming languages, you do Those trip me up, though if you You will notice that the book beginner to rust or even to not have to specify FIRST what you think about it, makes perfect sense. refers us back to chapter 2, where programming, we got you covered expect back, but you use an arrow I know we are hopping back to 3.3 we used the ‘rand’ crate, for here at FCM. These articles are not to tell it what the output should be. in the book, but I thought it was random numbers. TL;DR we had to to replace the book mentioned It should look something like this: important to point it out, as it is add a [dependencies] section and above, think of it more as helpers mentioned, but often overlooked. add rand. We also needed to build along the way. fn average(x: i32, y: i32, z: Now we can move on to part 7. our file to reflect the changes with: i32 ) -> i32 In the beginning, when crates ‘cargo build’. We used the random Since we received no feedback were mentioned, I thought of them generator with ‘use rand::Rng’. on this – other than the initial However, as I understand it, it is complaint about Lucas’s blog – we better to add the crate right at the have decided to retire this one. beginning. Simply add: ‘extern crate rand;’ before you use it as From next issue onward, we will above. Now, obviously crates.io is try something different. not the be-all and end-all of crates, as you can roll your own. Noobs like When you need several me get tripped up on this one, as instructions performed one after our [dependencies] section now another, we put them into a needs to contain the path to our function. You have seen functions home-rolled crate. In Linux, we from the start, as main() is a use ./ for the same directory and ../ function. Functions take the form for the directory above, so triple- of: fn name(arguments), and, to check your paths before building! call said function, you use it Because rust’s error output is so without the fn part. So far, we have nice and verbose, we should catch

full circle magazine #161 12 contents ^ COMMAND & CONQUER this immediately, so build it Lots of programming of non-trivial source to get a different without specifying the path, to see programs will have you getting perspective. what the error looks like, and this data, manipulating that data in will help you in the future when some way, then outputting the That’s it for now. Next issue we you are trying to figure out what result. This book in your web will look at other things. went wrong. The great chess browser is a nice example. When players do not only think about you click on the link to chapter 14, As always, if you need to reach moves, but study patterns on the it figures out where that page is us: [email protected] board, that is how they become stored, grabs the data and displays great. You too will become a great it in your browser. The speed of if you can spot an data is usually connected to where error and immediately recognise it it is stored. If your data is on the and know how to remedy it. , like a web page, it is slow as it needs to be lifted from long- Speaking of errors, do section term memory (disk) to short-term 7.3, to catch that error. Now, when memory (ram), and then sent over you head to section 7.4, you may the network. If your data is local, it be disgusted that they mention the just needs to do the first two steps ‘use’ keyword only now, after you and if it is in memory, that is only have typed so many paths and one step. Reading from disk is double-colons you get nightmares slower than reading from memory. about it. That is the reason I Speed is not the only consideration mention it now so you do not skip here, space is another. Google has anything in section 7.4. On that millions of gigabytes to store data note, the book does refer you to on. Your hard drive may have only chapter 14, cargo workspaces. I thousands of gigabytes and your suggest that if you are a noob, do memory in the tens column. So, as not jump here, you need to have the speed increases, it becomes worked your way through at least necessary to manage the space as chapter 12, before attempting you do not have an infinite amount. chapter 14. We can look into the concepts of Erik has been in IT for 30+ years. He ownership and borrowing if there is has seen technology come and go. Let us quickly talk about interest, but this is a good topic for From repairing washing machine ownership and borrowing. This is you to read up on in your favourite sized hard drives with multimeters and oscilloscopes, laying cable, to one of the legs that Rust stands on. browser as it is covered in section scaling 3G towers, he's done it. Grasping this will help you a lot. 4, but I suggest adding another full circle magazine #161 13 contents ^ HHOOWW--TTOO Written by Greg Walters PPyytthhoonn IInn TThhee RREEAALL WWoorrlldd PPtt..110099

lright, I admit it. I let things So let me tell you about Folium. both Image, Video, GeoJSON and When I got back from the A slide on my FCM duties this Directly from their website: TopoJSON overlays." Doctor's office, I did a semi- month (and other things as well, "folium makes it easy to visualize intelligent web search for a way to but that's another story for data that’s been manipulated in When Halvard sent me the link, I use folium without needing to use another time). Between the Python on an interactive leaflet reluctantly pulled up Jupyter and JN. Sure enough, there were a medical issues, and trying to write map. It enables both the binding of tried the sample code. I could see a number of links that gave me a chapters for the book, it just never data to a map for choropleth number of things that I'd like to try starting point. So may I present my happened. Thankfully, my friend in visualizations as well as passing rich to do with this really neat tool. But findings. Norway, Halvard, came to my vector/raster/HTML visualizations as again, things got in my way, and I rescue once again. A few weeks markers on the map. left it as a "to look at in the future". First of all, you have to install ago, he sent me a message about a The biggest thing that kept me the Folium library (as if you didn't neat visualization tool for Python The library has a number of built- from digging any further at the see that coming). The current called Folium. I thanked him and in tilesets from OpenStreetMap, time was the need for Jupyter version is 0.11.0. It's easy by using took a look. I was really impressed Mapbox, and Stamen, and supports Notebook. I don't know why I : until I realized that all the custom tilesets with Mapbox or dislike it so very badly. I just do. examples that I was seeing were Cloudmade API keys. folium supports $ pip install folium for Jupyter Notebook. I spent a little bit of time looking for You can also download the examples that didn't use Jupyter source code from the github Notebook, but since I didn't put repository at https://github.com/ much effort into it, I really couldn't python-visualization/folium. The find anything. Today, just before I repository has a large number of needed to leave to go to a Doctor's examples that you can try out, but appointment, I received Ronnie's I'm guessing that they are all run monthly gentle nudge about the under Notebook, since the deadline for articles. Rolling my extensions are all "ipynb". That's eyes like a 14 year-old girl, and for another day. sighing deeply, I sent myself a reminder that when I got back The idea is to provide various home, I REALLY needed to get to types of maps via the leaflet.js work on this. library.

full circle magazine #161 14 contents ^ HOWTO - PYTHON Let's get started. Once you run this program, you import folium import webbrowser I lived in a small community should see something like the called Canyon Lake, Texas for many image on the previous page. # Canyon Lake, Tx years. It was a beautiful area and m = folium.Map(location=[29.8752, -98.2625]) output_file = "map2.html" that time was a very happy one for m.save(output_file) myself and my family, so we will webbrowser.open(output_file, new=2) use that location for the first Of course, I zoomed in a little demonstration. Assuming that you bit, but there it is. Again, the code is fairly clear The output is really nice, and want to do this directly from and easy to understand, but I'll the map is easy to zoom into and Jupyter Notebooks, it is really easy: The code is pretty self- break it down a bit. out of. But what if we want to have explanatory. If you are a purist like it already zoomed in for us. That’s import folium me, you can run it in "normal" First, we import both folium and also easy. Just change the m = webbrowser libraries. Then we folium.Map... line to: m = Python, that's pretty easy as well, folium.Map(location=[29.8752, once you know the trick. Top right create an instance of the map by -98.2625]) calling folium.Map with the Lat and m = is the revised code. folium.Map(location=[29.8752, m Lon as a list. We then define the -98.2625], zoom_start=13) output filename and call the .save method. Finally, we use the And save and re-run the webbrowser library to open the file program. It should look something in a new window. like this:

full circle magazine #161 15 contents ^ HOWTO - PYTHON Again, super easy! folium.Marker([29.8631, -98.2513], popup='Comal Park').add_to(m) folium.Marker([29.8618, -98.1977], We can also define the type of popup='Canyon Overlook Park').add_to(m) tile maps that folium will use. It’s a folium.Marker([29.8480, -98.1756], popup='Sattler, Tx').add_to(m) simple addition to the object initialization line. Change the m= assigns the filename, but after this case) to click the mouse on the folium.Map line to the following: you’ve created the folium map. In map anywhere and get a Latitude this case, I’m going to add three and Longitude in a pop-up? That’s m = markers (top right) yet again, another easy addition. folium.Map(location=[29.8752, Simply add the following line, -98.2625], tiles='Stamen Terrain', Save and re-run the program before the output filename zoom_start=13) and you’ll see something like the assignment: image bottom right. This will give you a somewhat m.add_child(folium.LatLngPopu p()) nicer map in my opinion (below). I’ve included just a small selection of the actual map output. When you save and run the If you want to enhance the map, If you click on one of the markers program again, you should get you can easily add markers at a you will see something like that something like that shown on the specific latitude/longitude. Again, shown right. next page, top left. it’s very easy. Just add the “BUT WAIT! There’s More!”. following lines before the line that As they say here in the U.S., Wouldn’t it be nice to add the ability for the user (you and me in Again, I’ve zoomed in pretty

full circle magazine #161 16 contents ^ HOWTO - PYTHON

deeply. There are plenty of other Top right is an example image types of maps like these that you from that website. can use. You can check the documentation at https://python- Let’s do it for ourselves with a folium.Choropleth(geo_data=state_geo, visualization.github.io/folium/ demo from the folium website. name='choropleth', data=state_data, index.html . First, we will need to import folium, columns=['State', 'Unemployment'], webbrowser, and for this one, key_on='feature.id', Now we start to explore one of pandas: fill_color='YlGn', fill_opacity=0.7, the other types of maps that line_opacity=0.2, folium can produce, a Choropleth import folium legend_name='Unemployment Rate (%)').add_to(m) import pandas as pd map. According to the Data import webbrowser m = folium.Map(location=[48, Visualization Catalog website -102], zoom_start=3) As before, you simply assign the (https://datavizcatalogue.com/ Now, we need to set a url output filename and save the html Next, we have to define the methods/choropleth.html): address that points to the data, set file, then send it to webbrowser. a few other variables (shown parameters for the Choropleth “Choropleth Maps display divided below), and have pandas load it. portion of folium (shown above). output_file = "map2.html" geographical areas or regions that m.save(output_file) are coloured, shaded or patterned in Next, we create the folium map And add it to the map object: relation to a data variable. This as we did before: webbrowser.open(output_file, provides a way to visualise values folium.LayerControl().add_to( new=2) m) over a geographical area, which can show variation or patterns across url = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-visualization/folium/master/examples/data' state_geo = f'{url}/us-states.json' the displayed location.” state_unemployment = f'{url}/US_Unemployment_Oct2012.csv' state_data = pd.read_csv(state_unemployment)

full circle magazine #161 17 contents ^ HOWTO - PYTHON and, when checking the folium As always, until next time; stay When you run it, it will produce version on the gallery site, it shows safe, healthy, positive and creative! the image shown below. a higher number than what’s available on the repository, so Well, that’s about it for this expect a new version out soon. time. I strongly suggest that you try the examples from folium and I’ve put the source code for this others from the web to see how month up on Pastebin. The links folium can help you in your own are: programming. There was a number https://pastebin.com/Fv5jVy3G of examples in a jupyter notebook gallery, but sometime between https://pastebin.com/y1vE6z1A when I started and as I’m ending, many of them have disappeared,

Greg Walters is a retired programmer living in Central Texas, USA. He has been a programmer since 1972 and in his spare time, he is an author, amateur photographer, luthier, fair musician and a pretty darn good cook. He still is the owner of RainyDaySolutions a consulting company and he spends most of his time writing articles for FCM and tutorials. His website is www.thedesignatedgeek.xyz .

full circle magazine #161 18 contents ^ HHOOWW--TTOO Written by Tony Hughes PPooddccaasstt PPrroodduuccttiioonn iinn LLiinnuuxx -- PPtt..33

o, the last two articles have • They then request that you multiple other outlets, S looked at the hardware and upload the audio as a high- so he already had an audience, but So now let's look at how you software needed to get started in quality .flac file. his experience of doing this has might create a custom site on the the podcast world. In this article, • Press submit and let your audio shown that it is possible to start a internet. With your own site, you we look at your options for getting upload. podcast of sorts with the Telegram can manage your own web your audio out to the listening and other similar applications that presence, it look the way you public, and how to go about this. If successful, you have just have this functionality. want, and host your audio (or a link submitted your first podcast to to it) and RSS feed. There are many My first solo podcast was via HPR. More details on their OK, that has demonstrated that services that provide free hosting Hacker Public Radio (HPR), and I requirements can be found on the you can get your audio out onto of a web/blog site. The most would recommend that anyone Contribute page, and a HPR show the internet for others to listen to, common two for a new user are dipping their toes into the world of on the whole process can be found and, in the case of HPR, this will be ‘WordPress’ and the one that I use podcasting to use this as the at http://hackerpublicradio.org/ sent to people’s pod-catches if they for the ‘Distrohoppers Digest’ site, medium for getting their first eps.?id=2939 are subscribed to the HPR RSS ‘Blogger’, which, if you have a shows out into the wild. The great feed, as, although they may not Google account, you already have thing about HPR is that the topic Another quick way to get your know of you yet, they subscribe to access to. There are many tutorials can be about virtually anything as audio out to an audience is via all the shows that HPR puts out on the net for creating a long as it doesn’t infringe anyone social media; Alan Pope of the each week. In this way, you are WordPress site, but, to keep it else's rights to the content. So, Ubuntu Podcast has recently guaranteed that some will listen to simple, I am going to talk about my playing copyright music is not started to use the Telegram your show. Other services exist – personal experience of setting up a allowed but the playing of creative application on his to some of which offer a free or paid Blogger site, getting Feedburner to commons music is, as long as you post what he has titled a ‘TeleCast option to host your podcast. A new push the feed to pod-catchers and credit the content as required by with popey’, and has about 500 one I have just been made aware of even displaying your logo along the licence. If you have recorded followers of this channel. For Alan, is Anchor (https://anchor.fm/) – with the feed. your content, it takes about 15 this was a great way for him to be which aims to be the YouTube of minutes: able to post short audio of his podcasting, allowing podcasters to The first thing you need to think • Request a slot on the upload thoughts at a particular moment in be both hosted for free and share about is do you want to create a page. time, and record and publish them in money made from advertising separate email account with the • Fill out the form on the directly via Telegram. It has to be around their content. You will have name of the Podcast, or are you submission page by answering said that Alan is already well known to make your own mind up if this is happy to use an account you several questions and composing a in the community, and has many a valid option for your podcasting already hold? Personally, my few show notes. followers through his and endeavour. suggestion would be a dedicated

full circle magazine #161 19 contents ^ HOWTO - PODCAST PRODUCTION address and site; that way, if there if one of these is the Blogger are more than one of you involved icon, you can use this to access in the show, you can share access your new blogger account; if the to the account without Blogger icon is not visible, click on compromising any personal the word ‘more’ at the bottom and information, although google may it will be somewhere among the require a link account to verify your other icons. Although, in my identity, anyone with access to the experience, it is generally in the show account, will not have access first set. So navigate to the Blogger to the account you used during the page, and, if this is a new account, setup process. In my case, when I and you haven't yet created any created the new account for my posts, you will be presented with a podcast, the email: menu of options on the left of the [email protected] screen that is just titles, the top was available, and we created a one being posts. Above that should new account using this address. be something that says your blogs or create a blog as, at the moment, If you have created a Google you haven't got any blog’s created. account, then, in the top right of Note you can have multiple blogs your google page, there is a grid of associated with each Google 9 squares next to the username; if account, so, if you are planning to you click this, several Icons appear, start several different podcasts, you could in theory use the same email. If planning to do this from the start, before creating the email address, you will want something more generic that can be used for more than one show.

Although as you get 15GB of free drive storage for each email account it can be handy to have separate accounts for each podcast as you can use this for storing your audio archive – if only temporally. So, you have created a Blogger full circle magazine #161 20 contents ^ HOWTO - PODCAST PRODUCTION (Google) account; now you need to decide on the title for your new podcast and create your Blog for this.

On the Blogger home page, click the ‘create new blog’ box, and you will be presented with a setup screen. Give your Blog a title and choose a theme; don’t worry if you change your mind later, you can change the blogs style in the settings menu on the left of the screen after you create your blog.

You now have a Blog and can create a post, and it will appear on your blog for all to see.

So this month we have covered posting your audio to both Telegram, HPR and Anchor. We have also started the process of setting up your own Blog site where you can create your own dedicated Podcast pages, with both your show notes, links to your audio for downloading, and, as we will look at in future articles, an RSS feed to push your audio directly to people’s pod-catchers as you publish new content. See you next Month

full circle magazine #161 21 contents ^ HHOOWW--TTOO Written by Erik RRaawwtthheerraappeeee -- PPtt77

ne of our readers, Shane in the real world. We have all the background. O Harvey, asked for more One of the things that breaks bought crumbed chicken, fish or Rawtherapee, so we continue the my brain is the way people teach schnitzel before. The box usually Rawtherapee 5.8 supports series beyond the original six things. A friend has taken up first states pan-frying or oven-baking; the .cr3 format. Free and out-of- parts. year accounting at university. The microwave cooking is not the-box! Here is a quick refresher if book actually states: ”do not try to recommended. When you ask you did not know: https:// So I got asked on Telegram, why understand double-entry yourself why, it is actually obvious, expertphotography.com/cr3-file should one use Rawtherapee when bookkeeping, just learn it.”... One unless you do not know how a you can buy something like of Clark’s laws state: "Any microwave works. (Let us assume Rawtherapee not only allows Luminar4? This got me thinking technology, no matter how you did not, for a second… Pan- you to undo what you have done, about my choices. My first and primitive, is magic to those who frying or oven-baking applies heat but it keeps a history of what you most obvious answer is that don't understand it." So Luminar from the outside. A microwave flips have done. Unlike other image Rawtherapee is cross-platform and may seem magical if you have no the water molecules inside your processing programs, it doesn’t does not shun LINUX. Secondly, idea what is going on in your food and it cooks/steams from the apply “accentuate” or “pop” or price; Luminar may be *only $89 in photographs (...just sayin’). inside, thus loosening the crumbing “smooth” and you have no idea your country, but it is $1500 in so steaming it soggy, as the heat/ what just happened. (Back to our mine. Let me give you a quick example steam is coming from the inside). microwave example: “hey, why is Armed with this knowledge, you my crumbing soggy?”). will not need to be told that the microwave will ruin the crumbed I also have to mention that you perfection. can snapshot your work at any point in time and roll back to that Let us focus on Rawthereapee snapshot in time, should you need and why it is a good choice to to. For instance, making multiple invest some of your time into. Now edits of the same picture, like I am not saying Rawtherapee is the branching out from a point in time. be-all and end-all of RAW image (Multiple snapshots are allowed). processing. All I am saying is that once you understand your tool and Rawtherapee allows you to when to use it, you will not need to quickly export your photograph to spend money on some tool that GIMP (if you have it installed) to you do not know what it is doing in further edit your pictures.

full circle magazine #161 22 contents ^ HOWTO - RAWTHERAPEE loaded up another format picture, start at the “corner radius boost” TIP: My rule-of-thumb here, is to Rawtherapee’s overall design is like a . Can you feel a ‘but’ slider. Starting at the top – set my corner radius boost to 0.33. meant to be simple, and “when you coming on? I can. This section will ‘contrast threshold’ may smooth I would say that it is the goldilocks see it” (like the meme), it is actually be populated once you load a RAW over things that need to have grain. zone for my camera. Find your laid out in the way one works. image. This is where the ‘but’ camera’s goldilocks zone and it will comes in, this section also contains Unlike other controls in make things a lot easier. Not only does one have lens ‘capture sharpening’ options, right Rawtherapee, you will see correction, but there is ‘ at the bottom. (You may need to checkboxes next to the reset A word on iterations. The more correction’ under the transform scroll down). It may also not work arrows of the first two settings. iterations, the longer it will take to tab. This can turn a photograph you with certain arb raw formats. These are the ‘automatic’ settings render the image. You may, or may may not have considered into a for those sliders as determined by not, see any benefit here. Truth is winner. This is really handy for To understand this, you need to the built-in algorithm. The reason that I cannot see the difference macro photography, where lens be zoomed in 1:1 or larger. Before for this is that it is easy to between 32 and 64 iterations on kits sometimes cause fisheye. you start playing with these sliders, introduce noise here if the setting any of my images. (This may be due I have to point out that this is quite is incorrect. That does not mean to my advanced age – You kids get None of your transform tools processor intensive. Keep your eye you cannot use the sliders, just be off my lawn! - But I encourage you are hidden from the user, all your on the ready indicator at the watchful when you do. The last to try it yourself and see). sections and sliders are visible bottom of your screen. The thing you need is: artefacts when down the left. You do not need to defaults are usually fine, as they you are trying to sharpen some I hope you had fun if you turn on a module to see what cover most scenarios. If you feel corners. followed along and I hope you settings it contains. you need to adjust – you need to learned something.

Rawtherapee is regularly As always, if you have any updated, open source and free. questions or comments, send them Should you need masking, you can to: [email protected] scale to ART. (Which is Rawtherapee with masking, don’t you just love open source?).

Let’s get to learning something, shall we? In Rawtherapee 5.8, you Erik has been in IT for 30+ years. He will find the section: “Detail” which has seen technology come and go. contains sharpening options. From repairing washing machine sized hard drives with multimeters However, there is a section named and oscilloscopes, laying cable, to “RAW”, that will be empty if you scaling 3G towers, he's done it.

full circle magazine #161 23 contents ^ full circle magazine #161 24 contents ^ HHOOWW--TTOO Written by Mark Crutch IInnkkssccaappee -- PPaarrtt 110011

recurring problem that new and manipulated with JavaScript. removed – by clicking on the Object menu. There was no UI A users face when starting to use Small JavaScript snippets can be background or selecting another (other than the XML editor) to let Inkscape is the myriad ways of entered directly into this dialog, via element – the object becomes you unlock or unhide individual accidentally making something the Interactivity section at the completely inert. You can’t select items, making these capabilities invisible. A few articles ago, I talked bottom (see part 82 of this series). it, move it, resize it, or delete it. rather useless for managing the about this with regard to Outline The “Hide” checkbox also makes state of very specific parts of your View, and the new Visible Hairlines, There are also a couple of your object inert – but, in addition, drawing. Split View and XRay modes in checkboxes in this dialog that can it makes it completely invisible, version 1.0. But there’s one way of easily tempt an unwary user. The even to the prying eyes of Outline With 0.91 came a new Objects making objects disappear even “Lock” option stops you interacting View and its friends. dialog (Object > Objects… from those tools, and which used with the object at all. Initially the described in part 63). This lists to cause a lot of confusion for new object remains selected, and can Back in the days of v0.48 and every element in the drawing – users, as their objects vanished into be affected by keyboard shortcuts, earlier, these checkboxes were a including the hidden ones – with the ether with no obvious way to but, as soon as the selection is real problem for new users. They handy toggle buttons to (un)lock retrieve them. Version 0.91 made would naively lock a bitmap they and (un)hide them. It’s a very recovery easier, and, with 1.0, we wished to manually trace over, only familiar interface in other graphics now have several new options on to find that the means to unlock it software, and turns these the context menu that make this when they wanted to delete it was properties into genuinely useful feature something that might less than obvious. Similarly, a right- features. Personally, I think the actually be more of a help than a click on it would no longer present checkboxes should have been hindrance. the Object Properties option – removed from the Object thereby concealing another unlock Properties dialog to avoid further There is an “Object Properties” possibility. A hidden object fared confusion, leaving them available dialog in Inkscape, which is even worse: the behaviour was the only from the Objects dialog, but available from the right-click same, but you couldn’t even see it they still exist in the dialog to this context menu, making it easy for to be sure you were right-clicking in day. new users to stumble upon. It the correct place! allows you to set the ID, Label, Title Inkscape v1.0 adds more UI and Description of your object, but, The correct way to unlock or niceties to work with these in practice, most of those items unhide your object was actually to capabilities, by providing four new only have any real value when the unlock or unhide all the objects in entries on the context menu: SVG is loaded into a your drawing, via options in the Hide selected objects Unhide objects below full circle magazine #161 25 contents ^ HOWTO - INKSCAPE Lock selected objects stacked on top of each other below adding the options to the context it was time to adorn him with a Unlock objects below the position where you right-click, menu is a welcome change that scarf. they’ll all be unlocked. surfaces these long-standing capabilities of the program in a way Unhiding follows the same rules, that makes them not only more but it’s obviously a little harder to discoverable, but also more usable. find the correct spot to right-click Small changes like this may not get on. As mentioned, none of the the fanfare of the big new usual options for seeing invisible features, but, by making users’ day- objects will work, so I hope you’ve to-day workflows a little easier and kept track of where everything is in more flexible, they’re every bit as your drawing. To help with this welcome. treasure hunt just a little, the The Hide and Lock entries are Unhide menu option will be Another small new feature is pretty self-explanatory. The one enabled only if there is actually a even more welcome, at least by caveat to be aware of is that they hidden object below the mouse me: inverse clipping. This is an hide or lock the objects that are pointer, so you can be sure you’re omission from the SVG specs which selected, which may not include in the right place. If you can’t find has always frustrated me, not least the one you’ve right-clicked on. the object easily then a trip to the because it solves common Make sure to select all the target Objects dialog is probably a better problems trivially, but is no harder objects before right-clicking. use of your time than trying to play for a browser or graphics program a hobbled version of Battleships to implement than the standard The Unhide and Unlock options against Inkscape. clipping routines. For lack of an I began by drawing a scarf in its refer to “below” in their titles. In extra paragraph or two in the spec, entirety, including the part that this case they mean “below the The Unlock menu option also users have been forced to spend would normally be hidden behind mouse pointer”. Right-click on a becomes enabled and disabled time reinventing inverse clipping the snowman’s head (“neck” seems locked object and select the Unlock based on whether or not there’s a with their own complex paths time a little too generous a term in this option to unlock it. It doesn’t get locked item below the mouse and time again. case). I first demonstrated how a much simpler than that, right? But pointer, but it gets confused by simple clipping path (in green) there is a caveat: this operation will locked layers, becoming enabled I covered clipping all the way wouldn’t do the job – it would leave unlock any object below the mouse when you right-click over any back in part 13 of this series. If the back of the scarf visible, whilst pointer, regardless of what layer object in the locked layer, you’re a very long-term reader, you hiding the part you actually wanted it’s on, even if the layer itself is regardless of whether or not the may recall that this series began to see. hidden and locked! And, as the object itself is locked. with a few articles to help you get plural in the menu title suggests, if to grips with the basics of Inkscape It’s a classic approach: first show you have multiple locked items Despite these minor issues, by drawing a snowman. By part 13 the audience what doesn’t work, full circle magazine #161 26 contents ^ HOWTO - INKSCAPE So how does this new feature switching to the Node tool (F2), work in Inkscape? As with many where you’ll see that Inkscape has “extensions” to the basic SVG automatically created a complex capabilities, it’s implemented as a path consisting of your clipping Live Path Effect (LPE). But, like path and another that hugs the several other LPEs, it’s available bounding box of your selected directly from the normal Inkscape object. As usual, you can edit the UI, so you don’t need to deal nodes and lines of these paths for directly with the LPE to benefit an instant effect on the clipped from it. I’ll cover the new “Power object – ideal for fine-tuning the Clip” LPE that is behind it in a resultant shape to make sure your future instalment but, for now, let’s scarf provides a nice, snug fit. just see how we might use it to then follow up with a work with our snowman’s scarf. demonstration of what does work. It works, but it’s not really In this case, it’s an “inverse clipping beginner friendly. When a new user There’s no real trick to it, mask”, created by using Path > just wants to cut the center out of actually. You just create a path (or Difference to cut the desired shape a circle to make a donut, being an object that can be converted to out of a larger enclosing rectangle. forced to confront Boolean a path) that encloses the part of The resultant complex path is then operations and bounding boxes the image you want to clip away. used for clipping, giving the makes Inkscape seem rather Then select both the clipping path There’s also a new inverse mode desired result. unfriendly. If the SVG Working and the object or group to be for masks, though its behaviour is Group had only added an “inverse” clipped and you’re ready to not so obvious. Masking was parameter to clipping paths all proceed. Whereas the option for a covered in part 14. It’s basically those years ago, Inkscape probably normal clip can be found on the similar to clipping, but uses the would have included this feature context menu, it takes a trip to the color of each pixel in the mask to from the earliest versions. As it is, Object > Clip > Set Inverse (LPE) determine the opacity of that part we’ve had to wait until now – and option to trigger the inverse mode. of the masked object. White parts it’s still included only as a user- And that’s it. No complex paths or remain visible, black or transparent friendly addition by the developers, bounding boxes. Just a simple parts are made transparent, and not because of any change to the interface for what should be a values in-between have their SVG specs itself (this option was simple task. opacity set accordingly. Typically proposed for SVG2, but didn’t make it’s used where you want to fade the cut, much to my ongoing Internally, of course, complex the object, rather than produce the frustration). paths and bounding boxes still abrupt edge that clipping gives. come into play. You can see this by Here’s an example where I use a full circle magazine #161 27 contents ^ HOWTO - INKSCAPE blurred white object as a mask to LPEs in version 1.0. Suffice to say poke a hole through a treasured remove the outside of a colored that we can get the effect we’re family photo, just put it into its own rectangle. after by drawing the mask in black group, then get going with the rather than white, then using the inverse clip or mask. I usually advise This particular result could Set Inverse option. putting a bitmap into a single- obviously be produced simply by object group anyway, as it opens up blurring a colored ellipse, but in a some other creative possibilities real example you might have a far I’ve covered in the past, so it’s more complex shape in your mask, perhaps worth getting into the or the object you’re masking might habit of always grouping a bitmap be a group made up of lots of as soon as you place it in your different elements. drawing.

Once again, the SVG spec offers The irony here is that we’ve had no inverse version of a mask. But to manually invert the color of the Inkscape provides such a feature in mask in order to use the automatic v1.0, so to cut a hole in the colored feature for inverting the mask! rectangle, surely just requires us to There is some logic to this, but it’s use the Object > Mask > Set Inverse tied up to the way the LPE (LPE) option, right? Of course not! operates, and the default settings That would be far too sensible. that get applied when you select Instead the result is just a colored this option. For now, I’ll be sticking rectangle, as though no mask even to creating inverse masks by hand, existed. the old fashioned way, but I can definitely see a lot of inverse clipping paths in my future.

There’s one final caveat to using these new features: because they’re implemented as Live Path Effects, they won’t work directly on Mark uses Inkscape to create three bitmap images. Note the word webcomics, 'The Greys', 'Monsters, What’s happening here is a “directly” – these LPEs can also be Inked' and 'Elvie', which can all be discussion for another article – used on groups, even if the group found at http:// probably once I get round to a contains only a single bitmap www.peppertop.com/ further examination of the new image. So, if you really want to full circle magazine #161 28 contents ^ HHOOWW--TTOO Written by Alan Ward KKrriittaa TToo RReewwoorrkk OOlldd PPhhoottooss PPtt..1111

his series is aimed at learning to artist or a professional of image on details had not been retained sensitive chip lost some definition T make something of the old restoration. So please take all this within the image file, it was in an otherwise quite pleasing photos in my possession, and as a best effort, but with no firm impossible or very difficult to put it scene, due to their lack of others in the due to guarantees — much as is the case back into the image through color- resolution at the time. The their age. You, the reader, are of most open-source software. curve manipulation, and we constant progress in casual welcome to tag along and I hope finished by clearing up even more photographer’s digital equipment – you glean some small insight and In the previous part of this of the affected parts of the image, or even mobile phone cameras – perhaps an idea or two from time series, we worked on a scene in to center the viewer’s focus on the has made images taken even a to time. No promises are made as which a lot of reverberation main subject of the photo. In this decade ago noticeable for their to quality of the content, or overloaded early light sensors, part of the series, we will work on lack of resolution, as is the case potential errors and omissions. I giving light colors a totally washed- another early digital photo, in here in a picture from the Dublin am a computer scientist, not a true out look. Since much information which the camera’s optics and light- Quays.

full circle magazine #161 29 contents ^ HOWTO - KRITA what they represent, and the out quite clearly and attention is A quick zoom immediately general lighting which makes them drawn to them. shows us what the problem is here: stand out. We can further enhance a general lack of resolution leading these effects with a few simple To do so, one possibility is to to blurring and loss of details in the tricks. make a copy of our color layer, bronze figures that are the center using the Layers docker copy of interest of this scene. The The first would be to crop the (clone?) button. Now, click on the buildings in the background also image, centering the figures in the top layer, which will probably be exhibit a loss of details that would, field. If we keep the same image To continue, let us make the labeled “Copy of Layer 1” if our quite frankly, be unacceptable in width and cut a strip out of the bronze statues stand out from the base image was titled “Layer 1”. today’s world of mobile phone bottom, we gain on two counts: we surrounding elements. This will Now, choose menu option Filter, cameras with 12 million pixels or center our subjects within the field, help us obviate the buildings in the Adjust and finally “Desaturate”. more, and rather more advanced and at the same time we move to a background, but also separate our Accept the changes, and we now physical optical systems than at the more modern width-to-height figures from elements such as the have a black-and-white version of time. proportion. The 4:3 ratio seen in metal railings and lamp post that our scene in the new layer. earlier digital photos such as this tend to mix themselves up with our In fact, with this picture we are one was perfect for screens of the subjects. To do this, a simple Now comes the manual work. in a similar quandary as in the time (remember Cathode-Ray Tube technique is to keep our figures Stay within the B/W copy layer, and previous image of a tree in Cheung monitors?), but modern viewing colorized, while moving the choose the brush tool and one of Chau: due to the technical devices tend to go up to the background to black and white. To the erasers. There are several performance of early digital panoramic 16:9 ratio, or even the human eye, the color bits stand eraser options, but the main one cameras, some information is higher — and photo proportions missing in the image file that would have followed suit. In Krita, this is be needed to produce truly sharp easy to do with the crop tool. photos to the same standard as those produced by modern If you keep an eye on the tool material. So, when working on this options dialogue that opens when type of old photo, we cannot each tool is active, notice the compete on this level. To make our proportion that is being calculated image somewhat attractive among while placing the cropping the competing glut of digital rectangle on your image. A 16:9 photos, we need to center proportion is about 1.78 to one; in ourselves on other aspects. this case I chose a slightly higher 1.8 to one proportion for an even In this case, the main aspects of wider effect for the scene. the scene are the bronze figures, full circle magazine #161 30 contents ^ HOWTO - KRITA “Eraser Circle” will be fine for our raised luminosity slightly for all density and enhancement. Until purposes. Slowly, using small lighting levels, but made sure this then, take care! touches and a fine size, erase the effect was more evident on darker statues from the black and white colors. Since the figures in this layer… thus revealing the colorized scene are rather dark-colored, version beneath. Using soft making the background slightly touches and perhaps even reduced lighter gives us even more contrast. opacity for the eraser, the edge of the statues can be adhered to The technique described is quite well, making each figure pop often used in museum photo out quite nicely from a surrounding recreations, but can be of interest sea of black and white. in other situations. Since the background is obviated, a low The eye can now distinguish resolution is not as noticeable as more easily between the figures, when a full-color image is and their background. To complete presented. Alan holds a PhD. He teaches comp our image, the background – which sci and eng at Escola Andorrana de Batxillerat. He has given GNU/Linux is still in the top layer – can be In the next (and final) part of courses at the Uni of Andorra and made a touch lighter using the tool this series on using Krita to rework taught GNU/Linux systems admin at in Filter > Adjust > Color old photos, we will stay with early the OU of Catalunya. adjustment curves. In this case, I digital images and work on color

full circle magazine #161 31 contents ^ by: ErikTheUnready

full circle magazine #161 32 contents ^ LLIINNUUXX LLOOOOPPBBAACCKK Written by S. J. Webb TThhee UUppssttrreeaamm PPrroojjeeccttss

am a 5 year Linux veterean. I surprised that Fedora and I started off with Ubuntu and openSUSE are so low. However Linux Mint. I then migrated to Distrowatch does not entail total openSUSE and Fedora/Korora. number of users for that distro. I After Korora was discontinued, I know Distrowatch is more of a drifted over to Arch and back to referral or a suggestion in general Ubuntu MATE. I also dabbled in trends for OS popularity. Yet I BSD variants too. should be easy to use. Canonical various developer projects question my idea that corporate should be no different. downstream. For simplicity, I am Linux would be a better I drifted towards corporate only going to review Ubuntu, experience. Additionally this points sponsored distros like Canonical’s However I always wondered Debian, Fedora, openSUSE, and that Linux is a volunteer product Ubuntu, Red Hat’s Fedora, and what percentage of distros can be Arch Linux. I will be using some that does a great job for a better SUSE’s openSUSE. I felt the traced back to those three advanced searches on Distrowatch . corporate touch would lead to a upstream projects, Debian, and to get the final numbers. The better experience for me. And in Arch . There is no definite source of numbers will reflect the current Next month I hope to find the many ways I was right. Redhat and which OS is the most popular active,dormant, and inactive Linux most popular desktop SUSE command a large portion of standing from a statistical forks. environment. the market for alternative perspective. Distrowatch can give a operating systems, accordingly it general trend for popularity of the After seeing the numbers, I am

SJ Webb is a researcher coordinator. When he is not working, he enjoys time with his wife and kids. He thanks Mike Ferarri for his mentorship.

full circle magazine #161 33 contents ^ EEVVEERRYYDDAAYY UUBBUUNNTTUU Written by Richard Adams MMaannaaggiinngg MMuussiicc IInn RRhhyytthhmmbbooxx

eeing as how I’m ancient and your hard drive on its first launch you’re online), you’ll get this S used to ride a dinosaur to will usually show up and indexes all the existing music it screen: school (uphill both ways, in the by default on the Ubuntu Launcher, finds. Pretty snazzy! snow), I can remember a time when usually close to the bottom of the management of a music collection default applications that are there. RIPPING A CD definitely involved managing the Its icon appears like a rectangle physical media (CD's, cassette with some concentric circles: Now, let’s insert a physical CD tapes, I even remember 8 tracks into the and vinyl records). Of course, computer’s digitalization of media makes the optical drive. If management of a music collection Rhythmbox is MUCH easier now, but it’s not a already open, seamless trade-off. MP3’s sound it will now pretty good, but they actually are show an Audio inferior to CD quality, so it’s still Disc on the left As you can see, Rhythmbox has worthwhile to get music on That’s it, just above the ‘Show side: seamlessly tapped into the physical media if you have a truly Applications’ drawer (the Musicbrainz online database and sensitive ear and want the best unmoving set of If you click on Audio Disc (and found information on the audio CD, listening experience. white squares at the bottom of the Somewhat in contrast to that Favorites launcher): reason for having analog music, my own main motivation for having CD Once you launch media is that I simply already have it by clicking the it, as I have a lot of CDs that I’ve icon: owned since before the MP3 era. Fortunately, Ubuntu comes with a You’ll see the screen shown default application for ‘ripping’ right. CDs to MP3 format, where your media is easier to manage. It’s Note that there’s a lot of music called Rhythmbox, and it does a already here. That’s because LOT more than just ripping CDs. Rhythmbox automatically searches full circle magazine #161 34 contents ^ EVERYDAY UBUNTU

and has already filled in track CD tracks to MP3 format on your below) Next month: More music names and even selected every hard drive. It will create a folder management (and probably less track by default to be ripped. with the album name, located by From left to right, you have alliteration) using Rhythmbox. Pretty nifty! default in your home folder’s controls to Play Previous Track, ‘Music’ subfolder. It would literally Play Current Track, Play Next Track, Now, click the icon with the be extremely difficult to make the a slider control to select a three dots at the top of the screen process any simpler or more particular place on the track, a to get the buttons seen here just straightforward. Repeat button, and a Play in below the main menu bar (shown Random Order icon. These controls You can also play your CD, or work the same on digital files like above). Richard 'Flash' Adams spent about any digital music file you’ve MP3s, and on physical media like 20 years in corporate IT. He in If you now click ‘Extract’, selected, using the play controls at music CDs. rural northwest Georgia, USA, with Rhythmbox will proceed to rip your the bottom of the screen (shown his adopted 'son', a cockatiel named Baby who now has a little brother, a dusky-headed conure named Skittles.

full circle magazine #161 35 contents ^ UUBBPPOORRTTSS DDEEVVIICCEESS Written by UBports Team

buntu Touch is the privacy and demonstrating much faster It is now possible to open freedom respecting mobile webapp performance. downloaded PDFs, MP3s, pictures, U NEW DEVICES THIS CYCLE! operating system by UBports. and text files in the browser via the Today we are happy to announce You are no longer limited to "Open" button in the top-right With this update we have new the release of Ubuntu Touch OTA- selecting a single word, or an entire corner of the "Open with" page. devices officially joining the 13, our thirteenth stable update to line, or an entire paragraph of text This UI will improve with future release cadence! This means that the system! OTA-13 will be to copy! Now you can use the touch releases. these devices will now have a becoming available for the handles provided to pick only the "Stable" update channel available following supported Ubuntu Touch text you want. in System Settings -> Updates -> WHAT WAS OLD IS NEW devices over the next week: Update Settings -> Channels. You AGAIN can install Ubuntu Touch on these * LG Nexus 5 devices using the UBports Installer: * OnePlus One Mardy worked hard this cycle to * Sony Xperia X * FairPhone 2 bring back the previous icon-based * Sony Xperia X Performance * LG Nexus 4 System Settings main menu. This * Sony Xperia XZ * BQ E5 HD Ubuntu Edition interface was removed by * OnePlus 3 and 3T * BQ E4.5 Ubuntu Edition Canonical during the final months * Meizu MX4 Ubuntu Edition of the project presumably to make * Meizu Pro 5 Ubuntu Edition QTWEBENGINE 5.14 IS a double-column layout work more easily. Now, you will receive an * BQ M10 (F)HD Ubuntu Edition HERE * Nexus 7 '13 (Wi-Fi & LTE models) icon-based layout when the window is too small to allow the * Sony Xperia X The system QtWebEngine has * Sony Xperia X Performance now been updated to version * Sony Xperia XZ 5.14.2 from 5.11. This brings a * OnePlus 3 and 3T newer version of Chromium to our included Morph Browser and all Overall, 140 non-translation PRs webapps. were merged during this cycle. These PRs address enhancements The browser is now 25% faster and issues all over the Ubuntu across all devices in the Touch system, and have many long- JetStream2 JavaScript and term benefits. WebAssembly benchmarks, full circle magazine #161 36 contents ^ UBPORTS DEVICES list-based layout to work well and made it easier for us to move to the keyboard getting in the way the switch will automatically occur Ubuntu 20.04 and beyond. You no longer need to worry and by finding the item you want in when needed. about missing that special the combo-button interface when Joan has worked hard to give all someone's special day -- the adding a field. UPGRADES, UPLIFTS, of the core apps a first-impression Contacts app now allows saving design overhaul over the past five birthday dates. The Calendar loads Contacts now has swipe actions UPSTREAMS months. Almost all of the apps now these dates in a new "Contact available, allowing you to easily use a simpler, cleaner, more eye- birthdays" calendar automatically. delete, call, or text a contact from Luca (of postmarketOS fame) friendly design than our previous the contacts list. has been working to build Ubuntu all-white splash screen of dark The contact editor view has Touch components, such as Lomiri mode doom. been overhauled, making it much It is now easier than ever to and its indicators, on easier to input a contact without import your contacts into Ubuntu postmarketOS, and therefore also Touch -- the Contacts app offers to on . Building our MESSAGES, CONTACTS, AND components on Alpine means that DIALER REVAMPS we need to adapt to an entirely new stack: musl libc instead of GNU We'd be remiss to not mention libc, newer and build Lionel's [duboeuf] work on some of tools, and an overall different the core apps and their backed landscape. Luca's adaptations have services during this cycle -- he brought our software closer to accounted for almost a quarter of working on postmarketOS *and* our merged PRs after all!

full circle magazine #161 37 contents ^ UBPORTS DEVICES import a VCF file on its first run. It repowerd#10 HOW TO GET OTA-13 You will find instructions for was possible to do this before by installing Ubuntu Touch on your "sharing" a VCF file to the Contacts Magnetic phone sleep covers device at devices.ubuntu-touch.io. app, but this new shortcut makes will now cause some devices to EXISTING UBUNTU TOUCH the feature far more discoverable. sleep and wake. This has been USERS confirmed to work on: Selecting the "Call" button from Existing users of Ubuntu Touch the contacts listing inside the * Nexus 7 2013 in the `Stable' channel (which is Dialer now starts a call immediately * Xperia X selected by default in the UBports instead of populating the number * OnePlus One Installer) will receive the OTA-13 and waiting for confirmation from upgrade through the Updates the user. The torch switch in the Power screen of System Settings. Devices indicator gained support for more will randomly receive the update Lionel fixed a particularly sticky devices, such as the Nexus 6P. starting today through September issue with SMS and MMS messages 28. This spread is to give us time to overflowing their message The lomiri-ui-toolkit now has interrupt a bad update in the bubbles. Audio recording and better support for the QT Platform future (should that ever become sending of video messages has also Theme and icon themes, making necessary), *not* to accommodate been fixed. the icons used in Lomiri itself the any bandwidth restrictions. same as those used in apps. MORE THOUGHTFUL FIXES If you would like to receive the Newer devices, such as the update immediately, turn on ADB We believe that we fixed Xperia X, no longer display in access and issue the following Ubuntu Touch connecting to IPv6- update settings "ghost channels" command over adb shell : only networks in ubports/network- that cannot actually be installed on the device in Update Settings. sudo system-image-cli -v -p 0 manager-packaging#3, however we -- progress dots were unable to get any testing to ubports/system-image#13 and ubports/system-settings#242 confirm or deny this theory. The Your device should then OnePlus One now correctly Resuming of busy applications is download the update and install it. identifies the initial state of its This process may take a while, proximity sensor. Its screen will now faster thanks to Alfred´s work to make the resume process depending on your download now light when its charging cable is speed. connected or disconnected and the asynchronous with the rest of screen will not blink when a phone Lomiri: ubports/ubuntu-app- call is started. ubports/ launch#16 NEW UBUNTU TOUCH USERS

full circle magazine #161 38 contents ^ full circle magazine #161 39 contents ^ MMYY OOPPIINNIIOONN Written by Adam Hunt LLuubbuunnttuu DDoonnaattiioonnss && TT--sshhiirrttss

ubuntu traces its roots back to the Lubuntu blog. where the money is going, and all L 2008, when the developers other pertinent information made the first Lubuntu LXDE Donations can be one-time or directly on the Donations page. packages available to be installed recurring, and via Patreon, Check there for regular updates." on Ubuntu. It grew from there to a Liberapay or PayPal, as listed on full-fledged stand-alone distro in the official donations page. Donations page: 2010 and then moved from LXDE Merchandise, including T-shirts, https://lubuntu.me/donate/ Adam Hunt started using Ubuntu in to the current LXQt desktop in hoodies, sweatshirts, pillows and 2007 and has used Lubuntu since 2010. He lives in Ottawa, Ontario, 2018. In that decade of coffee cups can be purchased Shop: Canada, in a house with no Windows. development, Lubuntu through the Lubuntu shop on https://teespring.com/stores/ transitioned from a pretty rough- Teespring. All proceeds are lubuntu edged project into an elegant, donated to the Lubuntu Council. complete, and functioning operating system. But, until Where will the money go? recently, there have been a few Lubuntu developer Simon Quigley things you couldn't do in the wrote "We have observed with Lubuntu world, and that included some other open source projects donating to support the project, or that accept donations that buying an official Lubuntu T-shirt. accountability for purchases and transparency in general is lacking. In January 2019, the Lubuntu When Lubuntu accepts donations, developers formed an official body it is essential to us to publish to oversee the distribution, the exactly where money is flowing and Lubuntu Council. The how it is being used to help further establishment of that formal the project. While the decision- organization allows users to make making process is limited to the donations to support the project Lubuntu Council and official and also allowed the developers to members of the Lubuntu project, set up a shop to sell Lubuntu we see no reason to hide where the merchandise. The opening of community’s money is going … We donations and the shop was plan on publishing updates to our announced on 27 June, 2019 on donations process, reports on

full circle magazine #161 40 contents ^ HHOOWW--TTOO Written by Ronnie Tucker WWrriittee FFoorr FFuullll CCiirrccllee MMaaggaazziinnee

GUIDELINES REVIEWS • Images should be JPG, no wider he single rule for an article is than 800 pixels, and use low T that it must somehow be compression. GAMES/APPLICATIONS linked to Ubuntu or one of the When reviewing games/applications please state clearly: many derivatives of Ubuntu • Do not use tables or any type of (Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Lubuntu, etc). bold or italic formatting. • title of the game • who makes the game • is it free, or a paid download? RULES If you are writing a review, • where to get it from (give download/homepage URL) please follow these guidelines : • is it Linux native, or did you use ? • There is no word limit for articles, • your marks out of five but be advised that long articles • a summary with positive and negative points may be split across several issues. When you are ready to submit your article please email it to: • For advice, please refer to the HARDWARE [email protected] Official Full Circle Style Guide: When reviewing hardware please state clearly: http://bit.ly/fcmwriting TRANSLATIONS • make and model of the hardware • Write your article in whichever • what category would you put this hardware into? software you choose, I would If you would like to translate • any glitches that you may have had while using the hardware? recommend LibreOffice, but most Full Circle into your native • easy to get the hardware working in Linux? importantly - PLEASE SPELL AND language please send an email to • did you have to use Windows drivers? GRAMMAR CHECK IT! [email protected] and • marks out of five we will either put you in touch with • a summary with positive and negative points • In your article, please indicate an existing team, or give you access where you would like a particular to the raw text to translate from. image to be placed by indicating With a completed PDF, you will be You don't need to be an expert to write an the image name in a new able to upload your file to the main paragraph or by embedding the Full Circle site. article - write about the games, applications image in the ODT (Open Office) and hardware that you use every day. document.

full circle magazine #161 41 contents ^ RREEVVIIEEWW Written by Erik NNeettrruunnnneerr

Version: 19.08 cannot be right, I thought, and I am getting ahead of myself connected to the network Website: started poking around. Just before here. Let us rewind. The installer is automatically and I was set to go. https://www.netrunner.com/ resorting to - -reconfigure, I simple and straightforward. No Price: Free! touched the laptop’s touchpad and complaints or anything you need to a scrollbar appeared. Hallelujah. I watch out for. The installer finished DESKTOP ENVIRONMENT will include a screenshot of that. in no time at all and, since I was etrunner has always been an Just in case you get stuck too. running it from an ISO file on a USB As you may be aware, Netrunner N appealing project. It is a solid thumb drive, I expected that the 19.08 runs Plasma. At rest, it only distribution that is stable, even in INSTALLATION installation would be bare, but it is takes up a respectable 550MB of the rolling release. I am a metal not. My virtual installation your RAM. After fiddling with the man. By that I mean that I like displays a bit, and opening and installing on metal. However, this closing programs, it climbed to time I decided to fire up the 580MB, but it is low by today’s distribution in Virtualbox. Just to standards. What did surprise me be difficult, I booted off an ISO on a though, was the low CPU usage at USB thumb drive. However, rest, only 1.6%! The DE is pretty everything ran quite smoothly. standard, with a start button in the bottom left and a taskbar along the INITIAL IMPRESSIONS bottom. This is very familiar and comforting, as well as editable. That said, the display was rather Kvantum manager will get you cramped. To fix this I inserted the there. Plasma still has a bit of that guest add-ons disk and that was disjointed feel, where righ- clicking when I encountered my first issue. on the desktop and selecting Just for the sake of ease, I tried to ‘Configure Desktop’ takes you to a run Dolphin, as root. I got a separate menu, rather than to a message saying it was not possible, subset of the settings. due to an unfixable error. No problem, I can fix that... So after INSTALLED APPLICATIONS installing the add-on, I opened the display settings. I was greeted with As I mentioned above, I thought “virtual1” and nothing more. This full circle magazine #161 42 contents ^ REVIEW the installation would be bare, but not even tickle the CPU, though I With all the applications mentioned Microsoft and Rapoo wireless mice, it has everything you need to just started to use swap space. I must above, I was able to work with all detected and worked well jump in and work. You can also say, even while using swap space, almost anything whilst being together, filling my USB ports. My jump in and play, if that is your my system stayed responsive. KDE offline. If you are connected USB headphones were immediately preference, as the Steam client is Marble is awesome, and even though, I suggest browsing KDE recognized , but I had to switch pre-installed as well as a few open randomly zooming in-and-out of Discover or getting what you need over manually. My wireless card source games. Graphics-wise, we places, the CPU needle almost did with . My media keys was not detected, but that was are given Inkscape, GIMP and Krita. not move. The default icons on the worked out of the box, and those expected. Multimedia-wise, we have Yarock desktop were “My Computer”, that did not were easy to fix. My and SMPlayer, with as “Network” and “Readme”. The first USB printer worked one-time-no- CONCLUSION your editor. Interestingly enough, opens a system info rather than a smoke, but I did not have a your internet tab is filled with file browser, and the last opens a device to test that. I preferred the look of ESR, not quantum, and Debian 10 help file on the internet. Plugging in Genius, Logitech, ‘’ earlier this year, but the Thunderbird next to Skype with blue, sorry – indigo – did not offend Qtransmission and Pidgin. On the my eyes. I would have liked to see office side, it ships with only some cloud service integration LibreOffice. Your terminal is somewhere like a dropbox or Yakuake, with a convenient button similar. Not enabled by default, but on the taskbar. A nice touch was an easy option to get you sorted. that WhatsApp and Telegram come Though I usually frown upon pre- pre-installed for you. The only installation of “application” shortcut that I did not like Skype, I also understand it. It recognise was “hooktube”, but this would also have been nice to turned out to be a short cut to a include an alternative theme by website named “hooktube”. default. I write mainly at night, so I would have appreciated something USE like Redshift installed, just to ease my tired eyes. My virtual machine was configured with 2GB of memory Tired of windows 10 endless and 2 CPU’s. Buttery smooth forced updates and constant operation throughout. Even when “telemetry”? Get your Penguin on editing a 100MB sound file in and try Netrunner today! Audacity, then launching FireFox, SMPlayer, and Frozen Bubble - did

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full circle magazine #161 44 contents ^ If you have a Linux question, email it to: [email protected], QQ&&AA and Erik will answer them in a future issue. Please include as much Compiled by EriktheUnready information as you can about your query.

elcome back to another rigmarole with getting a rig set up distilled down from 1181 could be the problem? Dmesg W edition of Questions and under a sheet). Once done, the characters in 20 lines. I have to give shows no activity for like a minute. Answers! In this section, we will user needed to set up their own space to everyone. endeavour to answer your Ubuntu user profile. The upgrade was : Nine times out of ten, it is a questions. Be sure to add details of scheduled to take place during a A BIOS that needs to be the version of your operating lunch hour. It was tested : How can I securely delete my upgraded to run Linux properly. system and your hardware. I will try thoroughly beforehand and we Q hard drives before selling Check on your manufacturer’s to remove any personally repeated the steps so many times them? I have replaced all mine with website, and check often. Also identifiable strings from questions, that I could do it in my sleep. Even ssd’s and want to sell my big old check for firmware for other but it is best not to include things if you dragged your heels, you drives on gumtree. I don’t want components, like your SSD. Might like serial numbers, UUID’s or IP should be done in half an hour. We some guy forensically stealing my also be because you are duel addresses. If your question does were to be onsite to assist with any bank account info, I am not saying booting and not dual-booting ;) En not appear immediately, it is just problems that may arise. By the they will, I am just being cautious. garde! because there is such a lot, and I do end of the lunch hour, I had one them ‘first-come-first-served’. guy who was not done. I went over : There are a couple of ways. to his workstation to see what was A One, DBAN (Darik’s boot and : Nanii3, [14.05.20 18:09] ...I hen it comes to making the holdup. He had opened the nuke). Two, use an encryption Q enjoy cooking while at home, W articles for FCM, I often make *image of the installation screen, program like Veracrypt to format but KRecipies doesn’t want to work screenshots, but never any whilst that had a progress bar across it the drive into an encrypted for me. I know there are many an/the installation is taking place. and he was waiting for the container. Three, write zeros to the recipe websites, but they are all This is a lesson I learned long ago. installation to finish... disk, then write the contents of dev/ diseased with ads and trackers and Whilst working as a field support random to the disk. Personally I I would rather prefer my own engineer, I was asked by my boss to Before we start this month’s would just encrypt the volume thing... help the receptionist to make a Q&A, I have to mention, I try to before formatting it to another document about the upgrades we leave your questions as-is. I cut filesystem. : Sorry for cutting the message were rolling out. The program was some fluff to keep them short A so short, but the rest was not n-curses based and the screenshots (which has no relevance), so please really relevant. KRecipes is dead. mostly covered which options to do not send us messages being : I am duel booting my new You have Gourmet and Gnome choose and buttons to press. The upset that the whole thing was not Q Ryzen 5 machine with Ubuntu Recipes left. This is a ‘glaring’ hole screenshots were actually captured used verbatim. I do not fix your and Windows. In Windows, it boots in Linux software. Anyone want to by film camera and the negatives spelling mistakes either. To give off the m2 SSD in 5 seconds, but be a Super Star? This is your chance were printed. (You can imagine the you an idea, this first question was Ubuntu takes 2 minutes! What to shine.

full circle magazine #161 45 contents ^ Q&A he typed. Applications and an encrypted folder, but then some browsers have their own history stuff will be out of sight and out of : Yes there are a few ways you : Explain to me why Windows that you can check, like VLC’s “open mind and it’s important that I A can do this; if xfsprogs is Q breaks when one uninstalls recent files”. remember. There are no national installed, then xfs_mkfile 10M Ubuntu after dual-boot hey? I secrets, but some things are just testfile.txt; otherwise, truncate -s wanted to install Kubuntu instead, private. 10M testfile - and Bob’s your uncle. but now Windows 10 won’t boot. I : I have an idea for an app that I Let us know how you guys test, it can get to a boot shell –> salpreet Q want to write where you scan : OK? It seems you have may be interesting. @ singh but no more. something on Ubuntu and it A thought about this a lot. interfaces with a server to retrieve Ubuntu is a multi-user OS, just : The reason is the way or store info. How can I get more putting it out there. How about you : How do I install Rust on A Windows boots and how Linux information on how to do this? I zip the documents and password Q Ubuntu the right way? boots. When dual-booting, you think I will use jquery, but I also protect them that way. It is one need to have Windows installed need to learn all the frameworks I step up from document / pdf : Hit up FCM#156 and take a first, this allows GRUB to create a will need. Where should I start? password protection. That way it A gander at the “command and pointer to Windows and become doesn’t matter what the formats of conquer” section. the boot manager. When you : The journey of a thousand the files are. For example: uninstall Linux, Windows boot A miles begins with one step. Start at the beginning. Write down zip -P 12345 files.zip file1 manager is no longer the ‘active’ file2 file3 : Is there usable speech-to-text, boot manager. However, go ahead and plan. As to how you do it, it is Q not text-to-speech apps, for up to you. Ubuntu has no fancy and boot Kubuntu, Ubuntu is smart Most GUI ‘zippers’, allow Ubuntu? anything. What is it you want to enough to look for other operating passwords. That way, “wages.zip”, scan? QR codes? Bar codes? Think systems and create a boot pointer or whatever you need to see, will : Yes, you can look at Simon or about this some more and break it to them. be there, but inaccessible. A Deep speech from Mozilla: down into small chunks. As for frameworks, whatever works for https://github.com/mozilla/ you. Q: Zebulon, [17.06.20 18:32] How : So what we want to do is DeepSpeech can I see if my brother has Q make files of a specific size and been using my PC and what he has see how long they take to transfer https://simon.kde.org/ : I want to encrypt some of my been doing? across different networks. Instead Q documents, but not everything. of carrying a thumb drive, I heard Just so prying eyes don’t : There is a command called Linux can make files to any size. : I wanted to download SK1, accidentally stumble across them. Q A “last” which will tell you when Just to sort of test if, for example, https://sk1project.net/sk1/ Not the whole home folder last someone logged on to the CAT6 cables are really transferring download, but they have Mint, encryption, as I don’t want to give machine. You can use the “history” at CAT6 speeds and so forth. Ubuntu and Debian file command to see what commands my password out. I thought about downloads. What is the difference? full circle magazine #161 46 contents ^ Q&A Shouldn’t they all just work on each : This is because of snap : No, the problem is Windows regarding it. I am a self-taught other? And by ‘they’, I mean the A sandboxing. I suggest trying A 10, not Ubuntu. Yikes! programmer, not a boffin like you deb files? the flatpak version or see if you can guys. What is the best way to find a PPA for it. Alternatively, upgrade my RAID partition with : Actually, no; Ubuntu is more build it yourself? : I seem to have a problem more drives? (This is my home A forgiving, but you can break a Q when sending email, the server which I practice on). Debian system when you try primary use for my computer. It is Ubuntu ‘deb’s’. As for Mint, I am : I started taking an online class still a 2GHz core2-duo with 2GB of : Boffins? Where? Best - is by not sure, but remember Mint has Q and the IDE they suggest we memory and Ubuntu 16.04. It takes A making a first and both Debian and Ubuntu editions. use is . But Eclipse is clunky ages to send, sometimes failing testing that it can restore. Now you So I suspect it has to do with that. and ugly. Is there something that is outright. I have a direct cable can make mistakes and learn from the same but different? connection to a Huawei router, but them. I see that the LED on the PC only : Is it worth learning bash and : The same but shows orange lately and the green Q shell scripting in 2020? Or A different...mmmm... You don’t LED is off. I think my grandkids may : What is the best way to avoid should I rather learn something *have to use Eclipse, but it is have done something. Any ideas? Q conflicting files and versions more modern? usually a good idea to stick to : Check out neofetch and it’s eliminates confusion. That said, : Roll them into a SNAP / A source code on Github. It is just there are many IDE’s for Ubuntu, : 99% of the time it is a port A FLATPAK / APPIMAGE and bash – fast, efficient, simple. That is like bluefish, code::blocks, , or A issue, the other 1% it is a cable deploy them that way. what Windows users don’t ; you just need to name your issue. Don’t go scolding the understand; I often get: “but pc’s poison (language). grandchildren yet. Replace the have lots of RAM and hard drive cable, It could be shoddy space”. That is not the point. Do workmanship or one of the stands you eat all the food in your fridge : Hey. I run windows10 in broke, If that does not work, get a at once, just because it is there? Q virtualbox inside ubuntu 19.10. new network card. See here for an I need to upgrade to 20.04. explanation: Windows 10 is constantly in an https://forum.peplink.com/t/ Q: Something is bugging me. I update loop and the uninstall please-explain-meaning-of-the- installed Tauon from the snap updates takes 49 minutes. So -port-led-lights/5303 Erik has been in IT for 30+ years. He store, but it can’t do all that it can rather than wait 49 minutes, I roll has seen technology come and go. in Manjaro. Things like addons just back to a previous state in From repairing washing machine don’t work, but the player itself virtualbox. Can you confirm this : I am new to all this Ubuntu sized hard drives with multimeters Q and oscilloscopes, laying cable, to works. problem is fixed in 20.04? server stuff, but I have to learn scaling 3G towers, he's done it. as my new job is almost all full circle magazine #161 47 contents ^ UUBBUUNNTTUU GGAAMMEESS Written by Erik FFaatteess OOff OOrrtt

Website: me at first. Time stops when you used to be named, which is a truly quest, and side-quests sort of flow https://www.fatesofort.com/ do, so holding down the mouse horrible disease). You are a novice into it. There are also side stories, Price: $15 US @ GOG or itch.io button will make you move, but to “the academy”, and, on your first which seem to have no bearing on releasing it freezes everything. Is it day, you get offered a ‘gift’ by the the main story at all. At first, the Blurb: “Fates of Ort is a retro worth blowing your hard earned Duke. What I liked is that the game story feels static, but as the game inspired fantasy RPG with a focus on cash on? Let’s find out. does not hold your hand here. You progresses, the pieces of the strategic action and a story driven can choose to receive the gift or puzzle slide into place and the by your decisions. It is a tale of STORY reject it, and both choices offer you world becomes richer. The dialogue sacrifice and difficult choices, in a a chance to change your mind. The between your character and NPC’s world under threat of annihilation This is a game that tells a story, Academy is wiped out, and you and is listed above and your options by the avaricious force of there are no two ways about it. It your sister die. Yep. The duke kills listed below (see image). This Consumption magic.“ seems some Duke, a relative of the you, 900 damage with one shot. formula makes for simple, clear king, has rediscovered Luckily you met with the fates, gameplay, a la SNES. Though there Before we begin, I need to warn “consumption”. A kind of wasting- erm, sisters, first. From what I is sword fighting and spell casting, you that you will be reading a lot. away magic. (A quick primer for our understand, the game is non-linear, the heavy lifting is in the dialogue. This is not a pick up and jam five younger readers, “consumption” is but also not totally open world. minutes, game, you need to invest what TB [pulmonary tuberculosis] You still have your main story / SOUND AND GRAPHICS. time. I understand the reason for the The game labels itself as a pseudo-8-bit graphics and style, “retro fantasy RPG”. Since it is but I feel it could be better. I am a isometric, it immediately conjures fan of pixel graphics, just not a fan up images of “Shadowlands” or of this faceless type. Also, I feel “The immortal” from 30 years ago. there is a discrepancy between the In my humble opinion, ‘fates of ort’ pseudo-8-bit of the game and the is lacking in the graphics and pseudo-16-bit of the interface, like sound, but makes up for it in the little hand cursor. The isometric gameplay (a slight twist on the view, I love, or should I say I love mechanics) and story. However, it is the way it fools my brain into different and interesting enough to thinking it is 3D in 2D. Everything keep you playing. It is real-time and other than the characters feels it is not. Something which confused detailed and would have blown full circle magazine #161 48 contents ^ UBUNTU GAMES - FATES OF ORT people out of the water in 1989. which is just running and button the edges of the screen, but I mashing. I would choose this over assume these are other exits or The soundtrack gets an A, it is dungeons 1, 2 or 3, any day. You are points of interest. Now let's get awesome, but it is no earworm. It a lot more human, where enemy back to the reading. The text is not does get out of your way and hits actually do a lot of damage, full of filler, it is down to the point, enhances the game (Immersion). and you will get penalised if you which I appreciated. There are The in-game sounds are fitting, and don’t let time stop to plan your oodles of quests and side-quests the only one that seemed a bit next move. Time is on your side. for you to do. If you do not read loud was the walking. The variety Healing potions are not. properly, you may bungle your of sounds also makes you not get quest. The game does not prevent annoyed in the first half-hour of Though the isometric levels can you from bungling quests. This puts the game. be big, they are not too big, so you another twist on the genre. forget which way you came in. The game may not be open world and All-in-all, it is an interesting GAMEPLAY endless, but you get to explore as game and it works great on Linux. much as you like, within reason. As there is no local pricing, I would The main game loop is getting When you reach an exit point on not shell out the equivalent of $15 into scraps, collecting loot and the edge of a map, the game loads for it. It is one of those I will wait to advancing our character, but it is the next level and you can continue go on sale, before considering how it is implemented that makes adventuring. There are strange buying it. it shine. The idea of time being icons that sometimes appear on frozen until you move, and stopping when you do, allows for a very tactical game. Though you are armed with a sword, you get to cast magic as well. The magic system also has a twist. Instead of having pre-set spells, you combine elements and shapes to get an effect... and that may be subject to change as well. Magic is powerful in Erik has been in IT for 30+ years. He this game, but, like everything in has seen technology come and go. life, it comes at a cost. This From repairing washing machine sized hard drives with multimeters prevents the game from being and oscilloscopes, laying cable, to soulless, like Microsoft’s dungeons, scaling 3G towers, he's done it.

full circle magazine #161 49 contents ^ PPAATTRROONNSS

MONTHLY PATRONS Paul Readovin Michael Grugel Rino Ragucci Glenn Nelson The current site was created thanks to Alex Crabtree Rob Fitzgerald David Dignall Lucas Westermann (ex-Command & Alex Popescu Roy Milner Conquer) who took on the task of Andy Garay Scott Mack completely rebuilding the site, and scripts, from scratch, in his own time. Bill Berninghausen Sony Varghese Brian Bogdan Tom Bell The Patreon page is to help pay the CBinMV Tony domain and hosting fees. The yearly Darren Vincent Jobard target was quickly reached thanks to Volker Bradley those listed on this page. The money Dennis Mack also helps with the new mailing list that Devin McPherson William von Hagen I set up. Doug Bruce Taylor Conroy Elizabeth K. Joseph Several people have asked for a PayPal (single donation) option, so I’ve added a Eric Meddleton SINGLE DONATIONS button to the right side of the website George Smith Henry D Mills 2020: A big thank you to all those who’ve Hugo Sutherland used Patreon and the PayPal button. alex moro It’s a HUGE help. Jack Ronald Eike Joao Cantinho Lopes ALEXANDRU POPESCU John Andrews Linda Prinsen John Malon Glenn Heaton https://www.patreon.com/ fullcirclemagazine John Prigge Jon Loveless Jonathan Pienaar Frank Dinger JT Raymond Mccarthy Kevin O'Brien Daniel Rojo Lee Allen Frits van Leeuwen https://paypal.me/ronnietucker Leo Paesen Peter Swentzel Linda P Anthony Cooper Mark Shuttleworth Dale Reisfield Norman Phillips Gavin Thompson Oscar Rivera Brian Kelly https://donorbox.org/recurring- Paul Anderson Ronald Eike monthly-donation full circle magazine #161 50 contents ^ Full Circle Team

HHOOWW TTOO CCOONNTTRRIIBBUUTTEE Editor - Ronnie Tucker [email protected] FCM#162 Webmaster - FULL CIRCLE NEEDS YOU! Deadline: [email protected] A magazine isn't a magazine without articles and Full Circle is no Sunday 11th Oct. 2020. exception. We need your opinions, desktops, stories, how-to's, reviews, Release: Editing & Proofreading and anything else you want to tell your fellow *buntu users. Send your Friday 30th Oct. 2020. articles to: [email protected] Mike Kennedy, Gord Campbell, Robert Orsino, Josh Hertel, Bert Jerred, Jim We are always looking for new articles to include in Full Circle. For help and advice please Dyer and Emily Gonyer see the Official Full Circle Style Guide: http://bit.ly/fcmwriting Our thanks go to Canonical, the many Send your comments or Linux experiences to: [email protected] translation teams around the world Hardware/software reviews should be sent to: [email protected] and Thorsten Wilms for the FCM logo. Questions for Q&A should go to: [email protected] Desktop screens should be emailed to: [email protected] ... or you can visit our site via: fullcirclemagazine.org Getting Full Circle Magazine: For the Full Circle Weekly News: EPUB Format - Most editions have a link to the epub file on You can keep up to date with the Weekly News using the RSS that issue's download page. If you have any problems with feed: http://fullcirclemagazine.org/feed/podcast the epub file, email: [email protected] Or, if you're out and about, you can get the Weekly News via Issuu - You can read Full Circle online via Issuu: Stitcher Radio (Android/iOS/web): http://issuu.com/fullcirclemagazine. Please share and rate http://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=85347&refid=stpr FCM as it helps to spread the word about FCM and Ubuntu. and via TuneIn at: http://tunein.com/radio/Full-Circle-Weekly- News-p855064/

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full circle magazine #161 51 contents ^