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ACD Fotocanvas Print COVER The origin and dispersal of modern human and modern human behavior are one of key issues in Paleolithic archaeology and Paleoanthropology. Engraved objects are usually seen as a hallmark of cognition and symbolism, and are viewed as important features of modern human behavior. However, such items are rarely encountered from Paleolithic sites in East Asia. In this issue, Chinese archaeologists report an engraved core identified from the Shuidonggou site in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. It is the first engraved non-organic object of the Paleolithic period found in China. Archaeologists from the Laboratory of Human Evolution, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, used a digital microscope to observe the incisions and obtained many 3D images of these features. After excluding the possibilities of natural cracks, trampling, animal-induced damage, and unintentional by-products of human activity, the incisions have been confirmed to have been produced by intentional human behavior. This new discovery provides convincing evidence of cognitive capacities, or modern human behavior, in the early Late Paleolithic of East Asia. Cover shows high-resolution 3D images of the engraved core (see the article by PENG Fei et al. on page 4594). Volume 57 Number 35 December 2012 Journal Ownership by Science China Press; Copyright of articles: © The Author(s) 2012 Journal’s Policy for Open Access All articles published in the journal Chinese Science Bulletin are subject to the Creative Commons Attribution License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/). Publishing an article with open access leaves the copyright with the author and allows user to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited. Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis); that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that its publication has been approved by all co-authors; if any, as well as – tacitly or explicitly – by the responsible authorities at the institution where the work has carried out. The author warrants that his/her contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this grant. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc., in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations. While the advice and information in this journal are believed to be true and accurate at the date of its going to press, the authors, the editors, and the publishers cannot accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publishers assume no liability, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein Copyright and License Agreement For copyright regulations and license agreement, please go to www.springeropen.com/about/copyright Abstracted/indexed in: Academic Search Alumni Edition EMBio Academic Search Complete Environmental Engineering Abstracts Academic Search Elite Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management Academic Search Premier Google Scholar ASFA 1: Biological Sciences and Living Resources Inspec ASFA 2: Ocean Technology, Policy and Non-Living Resources Mathematical Reviews Biological Abstracts MathSciNet Biological Sciences Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts BIOSIS Previews Pollution Abstracts CAB Abstracts Science Citation Index Chemical Abstracts SCOPUS Chemical and Earth Sciences Water Resources Abstracts Current Contents/Physical Zentralblatt MATH Current Mathematical Publications Zoological Record Digital Mathematics Registry CONTENTS Volume 57 Number 35 December 2012 CONTENTS PROGRESS Computer Science 4529 Recent advances on trusted computing in China DONG Wei & CHEN LiQian REVIEW Biomechanics 4533 Studies on biomechanics of skeletal muscle based on the working mechanism of myosin motors: An overview YIN YueHong, GUO Zhao, CHEN Xing & FAN YuanJie ARTICLES Astromechanics 4545 Precise positioning of the Chang’E-3 lunar lander using a kinematic statistical method HUANG Yong, HU XiaoGong, LI PeiJia, CAO JianFeng, JIANG DongRong, ZHENG WeiMin & FAN Min Neuroscience 4552 Amyloid precursor protein-mediated modulation of capacitive calcium entry MA Tuo, NIU Ying, ZHAO Chang, SU ZuQi, AO Qiang, ZHANG XiuFang, ZHAO NanMing & GONG YanDao Entomology 4560 Electroantennogram responses of an invasive species fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) to host volatile compounds TANG Rui, SU MaoWen & ZHANG ZhongNing Botany 4569 From the Himalayan region or the Malay Archipelago: Molecular dating to trace the origin of a fern genus Phymatopteris (Polypodiaceae) LI ChunXiang, LU ShuGang, MA JunYe, SUN XiaoYan, GAI YongHua, BARRINGTON David S & YANG Qun Geochemistry 4578 Re-Os dating of auriferous pyrite from the Zhenyuan super-large gold deposit in Ailaoshan gold belt, Yunnan Province, Southwestern China SHI GuiYong, SUN XiaoMing, PAN WeiJian, HU BeiMing, QU WenJun, DU AnDao & LI Chao 4587 Experimental evidence for formation water promoting crude oil cracking to gas SHUAI YanHua, ZHANG ShuiChang, LUO Pan, LIU JinZhong & HU GuoYi Geology 4594 An engraved artifact from Shuidonggou, an Early Late Paleolithic Site in Northwest China PENG Fei, GAO Xing, WANG HuiMin, CHEN FuYou, LIU DeCheng & PEI ShuWen 4600 Modern pollen-vegetation relationship based on discriminant analysis across an altitudinal transect on Gongga Mountain, eastern Tibetan Plateau LI Quan, GE QuanSheng & TONG GuoBang Geography 4609 Temporal and spatial variations of the active layer along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway in a permafrost region LI Ren, ZHAO Lin, DING YongJian, WU TongHua, XIAO Yao, DU ErJi, LIU GuangYue & QIAO YongPing Atmospheric Science 4617 Modeling the climate effects of different subregional uplifts within the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau on Asian summer monsoon evolution ZHANG Ran, JIANG DaBang, LIU XiaoDong & TIAN ZhiPing 4627 Significant impacts of the TRMM satellite orbit boost on climatological records of tropical precipitation LIU XianTong, FU YunFei & LIU Qi Mechanical Engineering 4635 Fabrication of superhydrophobic AAO-Ag multilayer mimicking dragonfly wings WANG XiaoJun, SONG Wei, LI ZhiShi & CONG Qian www.scichina.com | csb.scichina.com | www.springer.com/scp | www.springerlink.com i CONTENTS CONTENTS 4641 Tunable tribological properties in water-based lubrication of water-soluble fullerene derivatives via varying terminal groups LIU YuHong, LIU PengXiao, CHE Lu, SHU ChunYing & LU XinChun Engineering Thermophysics 4646 The property diagram in heat transfer and its applications CHEN Qun, XU YunChao & GUO ZengYuan Semiconductor Technology 4653 Improved ethanol, acetone and H2 sensing performances of micro-sensors based on loose ZnO nanofibers WANG XiuZhi NEWS & VIEWS Neuroscience 4659 Neuroscience in China 2010−2011 XU YiLiang, ZHU ChunYan & XU Qi Vol. 57 No. 35 December 15, 2012 (Published three times every month) Supervised by Chinese Academy of Sciences Sponsored by Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Natural Science Foundation of China Published by Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Subscriptions China Science China Press, 16 Donghuangchenggen North Street, Beijing 100717, China Email: [email protected] Fax: 86-10-64016350 North and South America Springer New York, Inc., Journal Fulfillment, P.O. Box 2485, Secaucus, NJ 07096 USA Email: [email protected] Fax: 1-201-348-4505 Outside North and South America Springer Customer Service Center, Customer Service Journals, Haberstr. 7, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany Email: [email protected] Fax: 49-6221-345-4229 Printed by Beijing Zhongke Printing Co., Ltd., Building 101, Songzhuang Industry Zone, Tongzhou District, Beijing 101118, China Edited by Editorial Board of Chinese Science Bulletin, 16 Donghuangchenggen North Street, Beijing 100717, China Editor-in-Chief XIA JianBai CN 11-1785/N 邮发代号: 80-214 (英) 广告经营许可证: 京东工商广字第0429号 国内每期定价: 108元 ii www.scichina.com | csb.scichina.com | www.springer.com/scp | www.springerlink.com Article Geology December 2012 Vol.57 No.35: 45944599 doi: 10.1007/s11434-012-5317-6 SPECIAL TOPICS: An engraved artifact from Shuidonggou, an Early Late Paleolithic Site in Northwest China PENG Fei1,2, GAO Xing1*, WANG HuiMin3, CHEN FuYou1, LIU DeCheng1 & PEI ShuWen1 1 Laboratory of Human Evolution, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China; 2 Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3 Institute of Archaeology of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750001, China Received February 15, 2012; accepted May 18, 2012; published online July 2, 2012 Cognition and symbolic thinking are viewed as important features of modern human behavior. Engraved objects are seen as a hallmark of cognition and symbolism, and even as evidence for language. Accumulated evidences including engraved bones, ochre, ostrich eggshells and stone artifacts were unearthed from Africa, Europe, Levant even Siberia Paleolithic sites. But the archaeological evidence for this, including beads, ornaments, burials, performed objects and engraved objects, is rarely discovered in the Pleistocene of East Asia. The present paper reports an engraved stone object unearthed
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