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AFRICA and ASIA Entanglements in Past and Present : Bridging History and Development Studies

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AFRICA and ASIA Entanglements in Past and Present : Bridging History and Development Studies AFRICA and ASIA Entanglements in Past and Present : Bridging History and Development Studies Conference Proceedings Edited By Katsuhiko Kitagawa Faculty of Economics Asian and African Studies Group Kansai University Osaka 2016 ○C 2016 editorial matter and selection, Katsuhiko Kitagawa; Individual chapters, the contributor. Published by Asian and African Studies Group, Faculty of Economics, Kansai University 3-3-35 Yamate Cho Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan. Printed by Kansai University Cooperative Print Station All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted or reproduced without written permission. Not for sale. Contents Editor’s Preface 1 List of Contributors 5 Part1. African Migration in the Indian Ocean 1 Africans in the Early 20 th Century Persian Gulf Hideaki Suzuki (Nagasaki University, Japan) 9 2 Indian Ocean African Migrants : Recognition and Development Shihan de Silva Jayasuriya (University of London, UK) 17 3 Western Indian Ocean and Indian Security Engagements : Issues of Cooperation and Competition with South Africa Ajay Dubey (Jawaharlal Nehru University, India) 25 Part 2. Labour History of Africa 4 African Trade Unions : Awkward Customers Bill Freund (University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa) 31 5 The Migration of Ethiopian Female Domestic Workers to the Middle East : Towards an Understanding of the Connundrum Girma Negash Ture (University of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia) 51 6 Trade Unions in Kenyan History Joseph Ndalilah (University of Kabianga, Kenya) 69 Part3. Industrialization and State in Africa : Comparative Perspectives 7 From Industrial Powerhouse to A Nation of Vendors : Over Two Decades of Economic Decline and De-industrialization in Zimbabwe, 1990-2015 Alois Mlambo (University of Pretoria, South Africa) 83 8 Industrializing a Colonial Backwater : Northern Rhodesia during the Second World War to the 1950s Alfred Tembo (University of the Free State, South Africa) 99 9 The State of Secondary Industry : Southern Rhodesia before and after UDI Victor Gwande (University of the Free State, South Africa) and Ian Phimister (University of the Free State, South Africa) 111 10 “We want to be like them“ Economic Policy Model as Status Signalling : Reflectins on South Africa’s ‘Development State’ Debate Janis van der Westhuizen ( Stellenbosch University, South Africa) 129 Part 4. Africa-Japan Relations : New TICAD toward Post-2015 11 Dreaming Afrasia: An Essay on Afro-Asian Relations in Space and Time Perspectives Yoichi Mine (Doshisha University, Japan) 143 12 Japan and Africa , East Asia and Africa Katsumi Hirano(Institute of Developing Economies, Japan) 157 13 The Discourse of Japanese Development Assistance and the Scaling-up of Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) in Ghana Kweku Ampiah (University of Leeds, U.K.) 167 14 The TICAD and Lusophone Africa in the New Millennium Pedro Miguel Amakasu Raposo de Mederios Carvalho (University Lusiada of Porto, Portugal) 181 15 TICAD in the Evolving Development Landscape Scarlett Cornelissen (Stellenbosch University, South Africa) 197 16 Japan-Africa Relations : New TICAD, International Cooperation and Post 2015 Tukumbi Lumumba-Kasongo (Cornell University, U.S.A.) and Jacqueline Nembe Songu Luhahi (University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo) 201 Editor’s Preface Our eyes are now witnessing that Africa’s economic growth has currently been faster than the world average since 2000, showing relative buoyancy during a period of economic recession and groundbreaking events on the continent have taken place in the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa in recent times from the AU’s adoption of its Agenda 2063 to the Conference on Financing For Development. These new developments seem to symbolize what many termed “Africa’s time”. Turning our eyes to Japan, “slow but for the long term” is the conventional expression in relation to Japanese engagement in Africa. However, the inaugural Africa-Japan Business and Investment Forum took place in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in September 2015, and this event is recognized as a lead-up to TICAD VI, which will take place late August 2016 in Nairobi, Kenya. Another view opened up before us is that today the centre of gravity of the world political economy is moving toward Asia, and this movement had a profound effect on Africa. The rise of East and South Asia in general and China and India in particular is closely connected to the recent course of economic and political development in Africa. African interest in Asian models and Asian interest in African resources and potential leads to deeper ties between the two regions and building reciprocal relations. In this backdrop this conference was organized in order to enlarge and deepen the scope of the study of Africa-Asia relations by addressing facets of those interactions that have been so far mostly neglected in contemporary scholarship. We aim to offer historically contextualized insights about the various ways in which the African and Asian regions and studies engage with each other and explore those engagements from a variety of theoretical standpoints and frameworks. The conference draws on the expertise of Asianists and Africanists in direct dialogue, exploring histories, dynamics, and outflows of social interaction between the two regions and studies. This conference also aimed to review recent research in history and development studies and explore the methodological and conceptual challenges and the variety of topics they present. We aimed to discuss reciprocal benefits that accrue from engagements between disciplines, between historians and developmentalists, where they cooperate to analyze development process and social change in Africa and Asia. On 31 July and 1 August, 2015, prominent scholars from Asian and African countries assembled at Kansai University in Osaka, to discuss about the past and present of Afro-Asian relationship in general and Japan-Africa relations in particular, the history of labour, industrialization and development path of African economies from comparative perspective. It is enormously 1 effective that all the participants presented their latest academic findings and discussed many themes that fall broadly within the domain of history and development studies ; serious attention was paid to interconnectedness between Africa and Asia below the state level, and rich use of such a variety of methodologies as field research, narrative exploration, archival studies and so on. The conference had six sessions. The papers of the first session shed light on African and Asian migration on the Indian Ocean and examined the role of diaspora factor in Afro-Asian relations. In the second session much was discussed about trade unionism as a salient part of civil society and in the success of democratic movements, the movement of people to alien places seeking employment in case of Ethiopian female domestic workers, the role of trade unions in the history of Kenya, and development in small scale mining sectors in Zimbabwe. The third and fourth session strongly focused on industrialization process in Southern African countries such as Zambia (Northern Rhodesia), Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia) , Botswana and examined the function of state and entreprenurship in economic development in South Africa. The fifth session shed light on the way how to manage the indigenous knowledge system, biodiversity and intellectual property rights in the process of economic development and environment change from the viewpoint of knowledge economy. The final session discussed the past and present of TICAD process and examined new TICAD framework based on Development Cooperation Chartre issued by Japanese Cabinet in February 2015 from the perspective of Japan-Africa relations in particular and Afro-Asian relations in general. Regrettably some papers presented in the conference cannot be complied in this proceedings for reasons beyond one’s control. This editor highly appreciates extraordinary paper presenter, Professor Maitseo Blaane (University of Botswana), Professor Nathaniel Agola (Doshisha University), Dr. Showers Mawowa (University of Pretoria ), and Professor Om Prakash (Delhi School of Economics, Visiting Scholar of Kansai University). Also sincere gratitude goes to Ms. Naoko Tsuyama(Visiting Professor of Kansai University) and Dr. Mohamed Omer Abdin (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies), whose comments were of significance to beef up our discussion. This conference is the third one on the topic of “ Africa and Asia Entanglements in Past and Present". The first conference was hosted by Stellenbosch University, South Africa, on November 4-5, 2013, and the second one was held at Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan, on July 26-27, 2014. The great dedication of organizers of the two prior pathbreaking gatherings, Professor Scarlett Cornelissen and Professor Yoichi Mine, is highly appreciable. This meeting of the international conference and the publication of the conference proceedings 2 is not possible without the assistance of many people. This conference was approved by the Board of Kansai University and supported by Kansai University Research & Education Promotion Fund. Firstly this editor is very much grateful to Professor Harushige Kusumi, President of Kansai University and Professor Kohei Yoshinaga, Dean of the Faculty of Economics, who made time for giving welcoming address. Secondly this conference was prepared by an international team of professors who endeavor to bring it successfully. The dedication of those professors and graduate students, specifically
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