APHG UNIT QUESTIONS FOR CARRICK, USA Write all answers on your own paper. Provided supporting evidence for your answers. Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives 1. Describe the site and situation of Carrick. 2. Explain which natural hazards could affect Carrick. 3. What are the origins for the three toponyms on the map of Carrick? Population and Migration 4. Describe Carrick’s demographics. 5. What types of migration has Carrick experienced throughout its history? 6. Where in Carrick would the most recent immigrants live? Cultural Patterns and Processes 7. Speculate what type of (folk) cultural celebrations Carrick might have. 8. Explain why the main religion is Christianity when other religions are also present. 9. What branches of Protestantism would have the most followers in Carrick? 10. What type of dialect would you expect to find in Carrick? What would be some typical words used in this region of the U.S.A.? 11. What does the ethnic distribution look like in Carrick? (Hint: Look at other U.S.A. cities in the same geographic region.) Where would the new immigrants be from? Political Organization of Space 12. Explain what it means for Carrick to be the county seat. 13. Describe how the city of Carrick has grown throughout its history. 14. Why were areas annexed into the city limits since the mid-1960’s? 15. Discuss how many Congressional Districts would represent the people of Carrick. How might gerrymandering be used to divide the city? Agriculture, Food Production, and Rural Land Use 16. Explain what types of agriculture would be surrounding Carrick. What would the the main agricultural crops and animals raised? 17. How might Von Thünen’s agricultural model apply to the metro area of Carrick? 18. What types of environmental issues face Carrick? Industrialization and Economic Development 19. How does agglomeration help describe some areas of Carrick? 20. What would be a bulk-reducing industry found in or around Carrick? 21. List possible bulk-gaining industries found in Carrick? 22. From the map, what is an example of a service having a large range and threshold? Cities and Urban Land Use 23. Explain why the Central Business District is located along the river. 24. How might the Concentric Zone model apply to Carrick? 25. How might the Hoyt Sector model apply to Carrick? 26. How might the Multiple Nuclei model apply to Carrick? 27. Describe the historical growth of the suburbs in Carrick. 28. Where are the exurbs near Carrick? 29. Where has gentrification probably occurred in Carrick? 30. Where in Carrick could there be in the future (and possibly in the present) urban smart growth? Carrick, U.S.A. Vocabulary Acvity Direcons: How can the following vocabulary terms relate to the city of Carrick, U.S.A.? 1. absolute locaon 2. agglomeraon 3. agriculture 4. annexaon 5. bid rent theory 6. built landscape 7. CBD 8. chain migraon 9. city 10. cityscapes 11. commercial agriculture 12. commercializaon 13. Concentric Zone model 14. cultural landscape 15. diaspora 16. ecumene 17. edge city 18. ethnic religion 19. extensive agriculture 20. formal region 21. gentrificaon 22. geography 23. infrastructure 24. inner city 25. intervening opportunity 26. least-cost locaon theory 27. market gardening 28. Mulple Nuclei model 29. natural / physical boundary 30. primary acvies 31. push and pull factors 32. quaternary acvies 33. range 34. scale 35. secondary acvies 36. Sector model 37. segregaon 38. sequent occupance 39. site 40. situaon 41. suburbanizaon 42. terary acvies 43. threshold 44. toponymy 45. universalizing Vocabulary Definions • Absolute Locaon - the exact posion of an object or place stated in spaal coordinates or a grid system designed for locaonal purposes, e.g., latude and longitude. • agglomeraon - the spaal grouping of people or acvies for mutual benefit; the concentraon of producve enterprises for collecve or cooperave use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources and market access. • agriculture - the culvaon of domescated crops and the raising of domescated animals • Annexaon - legally adding land area to a city in the United States. • Bid Rent Theory - different land users are prepared to pay different amounts, the bid rents, for locaons at various distances from the city center. • Built landscape - the part of the physical landscape that represents material culture; the buildings, roads, bridges, and similar structures large and small of the cultural landscape. • CBD - the downtown hear of a central city, marked by high land values, a concentraon of business and commerce, and the clustering of the tallest buildings; the central nucleus of commercial land use in a city. • Chain Migraon- migraon of people to a specific locaon because relaves or members of the same naonality previously migrated there. • City - a mulfunconal nucleated selement with a central business district and both residenal and nonresidenal land uses. • Cityscapes - an urban landscape. • commercial agriculture - term used to describe large scale farming and ranching operaons that employ vast land bases, large mechanized equipment, factory-type labor forces, and the latest technology. • Commercializaon - the transformaon of an area of a city into an area aracve to residents and tourists alike in terms of economic acvity. • Concentric zone model - a model describing urban land uses as a series of circular belts or rings around a core central business district, each ring housing a disnct type of land use. • Cultural landscape - the arficial landscape; the visible human imprint on the land. • Diaspora - scaered selements of a parcular naonal group living abroad. • Ecumene - that part of the earth’s surface physically suitable for permanent human selement; the permanently inhabited areas of the earth. • Edge city - disnct sizable nodal concentraon of retail and office space of lower than central city densies and situated on the outer fringes of older metropolitan areas; usually localized by or near major highway intersecons. • Ethnic religion - a religion idenfied with a parcular ethnic or tribal group; does not seek to converts. • extensive agriculture - use of lile labor and capital to increase agricultural producvity. • Formal Region - an area in which everyone shares in one or more disncve characteriscs (usually cultural). • Gentrificaon - the invasion of older, centrally located working-class neighborhoods by higher-income households seeking the character and convenience of less expensive and well-located residences; a process of converng an urban neighborhood from a predominately low-income renter-occupied area to a predominately middle-class owner-occupied area. • Infrastructure - (or fixed social capital) the underlying framework of services and amenies needed to facilitate producve acvity. • Inner city - the central area of a major city; in the United States the term is oen applied to the poorer parts of the city center and is somemes used as a euphemism with the connotaon of being an area, perhaps a gheo, where people are less educated and wealthy and where there is more crime. • Intervening opportunity- the presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminished the aracveness of sites farther away. • Least-cost Locaon Theory - Model developed by Alfred Weber according to which the locaon of manufacturing establishments is determined by the minimizaon of three crical expenses: labor, transportaon, and agglomeraon. • market gardening - the relavely small-scale producon of fruits, vegetables and flowers as cash crops, frequently sold directly to consumers and restaurants. It is disnguishable from other types of farming by the diversity of crops grown on a small area of land, typically, from under one acre (4,000 m?) to a few acres, or somemes in greenhouses. • Mulple nuclei model - the postulate that large cies develop by peripheral spread not from one central business district but from several nodes of growth, each of specialized use. the separately expanding use districts eventually coalesce at their margins. • natural / physical - those boundaries based on recognizable physiologic features, such as mountains, rivers, and lakes. • primary acvies - the extracon of natural resources, such as agriculture, lumbering, and mining. • Pull Factor- posive condions and percepons that effecvely aract people to new locales from other areas. • Push Factor- negave condions and percepons that induce people to leave their abode and migrate to a new locale. • quaternary acvies - service sector industries concerned with the collecon, processing, and manipulaon of informaon and capital. Examples include finance, administraon, insurance, and legal services. • Range - in central place theory, the average maximum distance people will travel to purchase a good or service. • Scale (implied degree of generalizaon) - the size of an area student, from local to global. • secondary acvies - the processing of raw materials into finished products; manufacturing. • Sector model - a descripon of urban land uses as wedge-shaped sectors radiang outward form the CBD along transportaon corridors; the radial access routes aract parcular uses to certain sectors, with high- status residenal uses occupying the most desirable wedges. • Segregaon - the spaal separaon of specific populaon sub-groups within a wider populaon. • Sequent occupance - successive habitaon of same area over me; builds layer aer layer in the region. • Site - the physical character of a place; the absolute locaon of a place or acvity described by local relief, landform, and other physical characteriscs. • Situaon - the relave locaon of a place or acvity in relaon to the physical and cultural characteriscs of the larger regional or spaal system of which it is a part; the locaon of a place relave to other places. • Suburbanizaon - movement of upper and middle-class people from urban core areas to the surrounding outskirts to escape polluon as well as deteriorang social condions. In North America, the process began in the early nineteenth century and became a mass phenomenon by the second half of the tweneth century. • terary acvies - associated with the provision of services--- such as transportaon, banking, retailing, educaon, and roune office-based jobs. • Threshold - in central-place theory, the size of the populaon required to make provision of services economically feasible. • Toponymy - place name. • Universalizing - religions that aempt to be global, to appeal to all people, wherever they may live in the world, not just to those of one culture or locaon.