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Zeitschrift/Journal: Nota lepidopterologica
Jahr/Year: 1992
Band/Volume: Supp_4
Autor(en)/Author(s): Whitebread Steven
Artikel/Article: The Micropterigidae of Switzerland, with a key to their identification (Lepidoptera) 129-143 ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at
Proc. VII. Congr. Eur. Lepid., Lunz 3-8.IX.1990
Nota lepid. Supplement No. 4 : 129-143 ; 30.XI.1992 ISSN 0342-7536
The Micropterigidae of Switzerland, with a key to their identification (Lepidoptera)
Steven Whitebread, Maispracherstrasse 51, CH-4312 Magden, Switzerland.
Summary
The Palaearctic genus Micropterix, the only European representative of the family Micropterigidae, comprises about 65 species. Switzerland has a fairly rich Micropterix fauna, with 13 species. A key to all Swiss species, based on external characters, is presented. Five species are figured in colour. All available records are presented in the form of distribution maps. One species is reported from Switzerland for the first time.
The Palaearctic genus Micropterix is the only representative of the family in Europe. About 65 species are known, of which 13 have so far been recorded from Switzerland. They are day-flying moths, flying usually only in sunshine and many species can be found in numbers sitting on flowers, feeding on the pollen. The larvae feed on vegetable matter on or below the surface of the soil and are therefore for the majority of species unknown. Their wingspan ranges from about 6 to 11 mm. Many species are shining purple or violet with golden fasciae and spots.
I have studied the Swiss Micropterix material in most private and museum collections in Switzerland and that in the Natural History Museum, London
(BMNH). Data is still quite sparse, but nevertheless gives an idea as to the distribution and phenology of the species. However, before I could undertake this study, I had to solve a number of identification problems. Fortunately, John Heath, former Vice-President of SEL, was able to help me before his untimely death in 1987, and I dedicate this article to him.
John Heath devoted much of the last 30 years of his life to revising the genus Micropterix. He was able to solve most of the taxonomical problems and described 25 new species. Unfortunately, however, he died before he could publish a monograph on the genus, although a check list was published post- humously (Heath, 1987), as also was his autobibliography (Heath, 1988). His findings therefore remain distributed among a number of publications in many different journals. These were mostly devoted to descriptions of new
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species. Existing taxa were not generally treated fully, the North African species being an exception, and for some the genitalia have never been figured. For this reason, many lepidopterists still have difficulty in identifying species of this genus. At this point I would like to stress that, even though I might sound rather critical of John Heath's work, there is no doubt as to the immense value of his contribution to the knowledge of these moths.
An important point to mention is the way John Heath chose to illustrate adults and genitalia. He always drew the pale golden bands on the forewings darker than the violet or purple ground colour, which makes interpretation of the figures very difficult. Also, the male genitalia are always figured uncon- ventionally, with the valvae pointing upwards, and the degree of variation in the adults and genitalia was not usually mentioned. This confused situation has for instance recently led to the description of two new species, which are almost certainly only synonyms of known species.
List of the Swiss Micropterix species
The main reference work to Swiss microlepidoptera is still that of J. Müller- Rutz, in Vorbrodt & Müller-Rutz (1914), and the numbers in that work are quoted here (or page number for M. paykullella, which was first mentioned in a footnote). For species recorded for the first time in Switzerland subsequent to the original work, the supplement and page number are quoted where it was first mentioned. Eight supplements to this work have been published so far, although the first two were published at the end of each of the two original volumes.
M.-R. No./ Species
Suppl. : Page
1 2931 Micropterix aruncella (Scopoli, 1763) + f. seppella (Fabricius, 1777) 2 2932 Micropterix calthella (Linnaeus, 1761) 3 5:533 Micropterix isobasella Staudinger, 1870
+ f. weberi Müller-Rutz, 1927 4 8: 108 Micropterix mansuetella Zeller, 1844 5 2926 Micropterix tunbergella (Fabricius, 1787) 6 2927 Micropterix aureoviridella Höfner, 1898 7 p. 603 Micropterix paykullella (Fabricius, 1794) (= rosarum Müller-Rutz, 1927)
! 8 — Micropterix aglaella Duponchel, [1840] aureatella (Scopoli, ! 9 7:406 Micropterix 1763) 10 2928 Micropterix allionella (Fabricius, 1794) +f.junctellaWEBEK,l945 (= aureatella sensu Müller-Rutz, 1914) 11 2930 Micropterix rothenbachii Frey, 1856 (= australis Heath, 1981) 12 2929 Micropterix schaefferi Heath, 1975 (= ammanella sensu Müller-Rutz, 1914 partim) 13 2929 Micropterix osthelderi Heath, 1975 (= ammanella sensu Müller-Rutz, 1914 partim)
130 .
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The systematics of the Micropterigidae have not yet been worked out. The order of species in this list is based on my own observations of affinities, taking wing pattern and genitalic characters into account.
Key to the identification of Swiss Micropterix species
The male genitalia of all species are fairly characteristic and should present no identification problems if intra-specific variation and varying mounting techniques are taken into account. The genitalia of many specimens can be inspected in situ. However, the female genitalia are hardly sclerotized, and
have therefore been neglected by taxonomists ; only the chitinous plates on
the 8th segment may be of limited use. For this reason, I have found it necessary to construct a key to the identification of adults based on wing
pattern. Critical to the identification of some central European species is the colour of the basal fascia, which can be dull- or shining (pale) golden. Badly worn or poorly set specimens can be difficult to identify correctly. The
nomenclature used in the key is explained in Fig. 1
.>'
- - - Fig. 1. Micropterix schaefferi, male, ds dorsal streak ; bf basal fascia ; mf median - - fascia ; cs costal spot ; ss subapical spot.
1 Forewings unicolorous, or at most marked purple at base 2 - Forewings not unicolorous 4 2 Forewings golden, marked purple at base 3 - Forewings bronze (greenish-golden), not marked purple at base (at most a few scales on edge of costa) isobasella 3 Forewing narrow, with purple basal spot on costa aruncella $ Forewing broad, purple spot extends across whole of base calthella 4 Forewing golden with 2 usually complete narrow silvery white fasciae aruncella $ - Forewing markings not silvery white 5
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5 Forewing bronze with 2 very faint reddish golden fasciae, head golden yellow
isobasella f. weberi - Forewing reddish-purple or violet with golden markings 6 6 Forewing reddish-purple with indistinct dull golden markings 7 Forewing reddish-purple or violet with bright golden markings 8 7 Head black, golden markings largely absent in apical third of forewing mansuetella - Head golden-yellow, golden markings present in apical third of forewing tunbergella 8 Basal fascia of forewing bright golden from costa to dorsum, dorsal streak absent (Figs 4-6) 9 - Basal fascia of forewing wholly or partly dull golden (Figs 2,3) 12 9 Fasciae narrow, straight, parallel, costal spot usually absent, subapical spot some- times reaching costa, bright golden (Fig. 6) aureatella Fasciae broad, one small costal spot and one median subapical spot, sometimes connected 10 10 Fasciae more or less straight, parallel, spots separate, median spot reaching costa but not dorsum (Fig. 5) allionella - Median fascia more or less angled towards dorsum 11 11 Subapical and costal spots not reaching dorsum, often connected, enclosing a small spot of ground colour on costa (Fig. 4) rothenbachii $ - Spots not usually connected, subapical spot triangular, usually reaching costa and dorsum rothenbachii $ 12 Basal fascia wholly dull golden (Fig. 2) 13 - Basal fascia partly bright golden towards costa (Fig. 3) 15 13 Median fascia slightly curved, costal spot present (Fig. 2) osthelderi - Median fascia straight, costal spot absent 14 14 Basal and median fasciae not parallel, median fascia and subapical spot narrow.... paykullella - Basal and median fasciae parallel, subapical spot large, roundish, sometimes touching costa and dorsum aglaella
15 Median fascia slightly curved, broader towards costa ; costal and subapical spot present (Figs 1,3) schaefferi
Median fascia straight, narrow ; costal spot absent aureoviridella
Distribution and phenology
All the data collected were placed in a card index. Distribution maps were prepared based on a 5 km grid (Figs 7-19). The extreme dates and altitudes between which the adults have been taken is given at the top right of the maps. A few records from regions bordering Switzerland are also given and are commented on below.
It is not suggested that the maps show the complete distributions for each species. The data are far too incomplete for that. They are much more intended to summarise the state of our knowledge and to spur microlepidopterists to seek out the species in areas from which they have not yet been recorded. Nevertheless, certain trends can be seen. For instance, the fact that M. allionella has not yet been recorded from the Jura cantons or in S. Ticino, strongly
suggests that it does not occur there. On the other hand, M. rothenbachii predominantly occurs in these two regions.
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Figs 2-3. Females of M. osthelderi (2, top) and M. schaefferi (3, bottom), showing the difference in the shade of gold at the base of the wings.
Figs 4-6. Females of M. rothenbachii (4, top), M. allionella (5, centre) and M. aureatella (6, bottom).
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Remarks on individual species
1. M. isobasella Stgr.
The type locality for this species is Macugnaga in northern Italy (ref. 64/09). The first Swiss specimens were taken by P. Weber in the Laquintal (VS) 1923-26. Müller-Rutz (1927) described specimens with two red-golden parallel fasciae as f. weberi. Weber took more specimens in 1936, and based on this material he raised the taxon to species rank (Weber, 1945). Heath (unpublished) considered these specimens to be simply isobasella. After more than 50 years, I was not able to detect the described fasciae on the original
material. In 1990, I took a single female in a nearby locality ; this lacked the fasciae. There appears to be no evidence to suggest that weberi M.-R. is a separate species. The species could easily have been overlooked elsewhere.
2. M. aureoviridella Höfner
This species is known from a number of scattered localities in the Jura and
Alps, always above 1000 m. Real (1987 ; 1988) described a new Micropterix species from the Crêt de la Neige, just north of Geneva. I have been able to study material from the same locality collected by E. de Bros. These specimens are quite definitely aureoviridella. Having studied the problem, I am convinced that M. liogierella Real, 1987 is a synonym of M. aureoviridella
Höfner. However, it is beyond the scope of this paper to go into details.
3. M. aglaella Dur
This species has not previously been recorded from Switzerland. The five known specimens have the following data : 'Gempenstrasse, 1.7.13' leg. Para- - vicini in Natural History Museum, Basel (NHMB) ; 'Aigle Leysin, 9.VÜ.32' leg. Müller-Rutz in NHMB (determined by M.-R. as aureatella) ; 'Chillon, 27.6.26' leg. Fletcher in BMNH (determined as ammanella by Fletcher, 1927). Outside Switzerland, I have seen 3 specimens in the Geneva Museum from Mt. Salève, south of Geneva : 'Le Coin, 27.6.1920, leg. Romieux, det. Viette'.
4. M. rothenbachii Frey, M. aureatella (Scop.) and M. allionella (Fabr.).
These three species have often been confused. Females are illustrated in Figs 4-6.
Heath (1965) wrongly synonymized M. rothenbachii Frey with M. allionella (Fabr.), which left 'rothenbachii' without a name. Heath (1981) described it under the name australis. However, having rechecked the type of rothenbachii Frey in the BMNH (designated as lectotype by Heath in 1959, but never published), I pointed out this error to John Heath just before he died. The correct synonymy with australis Heath appeared then in his posthumously published Micropterix check list (Heath, 1987).
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From the original description of M. vallebonnella Real, 1988, it would seem that this also is a synonym of rothenbachii. I have included the locality (ref. 50/ 18) on the map for that species.
In Switzerland, aureatella appears to be restricted to moors, whereas allionella occurs in warm mountain valleys, usually along the borders of dry wood- land. M. rothenbachii is a species of shady deciduous woodland below 1000 m, especially among beech and hornbeam and very often flying together with M. schaefferi and M. tunbergella.
5. M. osthelderi Heath
Apparently a rare species, but widespread. The species appears to be found more often in regions with coniferous woodland. Outside Switzerland, I have
records from the Black Forest : 'Hohe Möhr, 800 m, forêt, 10.6.62' 1 female,
leg. de Bros ; and near Geneva : 'Le Pailly (Ain, F), 27.V.1928' 1 male, leg. Rehfous, in Natural History Museum Geneva.
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank the following for allowing me access to museum material : Prof. W. Sauter (Zürich), Dr. D. Burckhardt (Geneva), Dr. M. Brancucci (Basel), Dr. L. Rezbanyai-Reser (Lucerne), Dr. C. Huber (Bern) and Dr.
K. Sattler (BMNH, London) ; also to E. de Bros (Binningen), R. Bryner (Twann), H. Buser (Sissach), K. Grimm (Ermatingen), Dr. R. Joos (Basel), O. Karsholt (Copenhagen, DK), G. Langohr (Simpelfeld, NL) and P. Sonderegger (Brügg) for providing data, specimens or literature. W. Marggi (Thun) kindly provided the grid maps of Switzerland.
References
Fletcher, T.B., 1926. Some Swiss Micro-Lepidoptera. Entomologist's Rec.
J. Var. 39(3) : 33-37. Frey, H., 1856. Die Tineen und Pterophoren der Schweiz. 430 pp., Zürich. Heath, J., 1965. Ergebnisse der Albanien-Expedition 1961 des Deutschen
Entomologischen Institutes. 33. Beitrag. Lepidoptera : Micropterigidae.
Beitr. Ent. 15(5/6) : 641-647. Heath, J., 1975. The ammanella complex of the genus Micropterix Hübner
(1825) (Lepidoptera : Zeugloptera, Micropterigidae). Entomologist's Gaz. 26:253-258. Heath, J., 1981. Two new species of Micropterix Huebner (Lepidoptera,
Zeugloptera : Micropterigidae). Entomologist's Gaz. 32 : 99-102. Heath, J., 1987. A check list of the genus Micropterix Hübner, (1825) (Lepidoptera; Zeugloptera, Micropterigidae). Entomologist's Gaz. 38: 205-207.
Heath, J., 1988. Autobibliography. Nota lepid. 11(2) : 117-122.
142 ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at
Müller-Rutz, J., 1927. Die Schmetterlinge der Schweiz. 5. Nachtrag,
Microlepidoptera. Mitt. Schweiz, ent. Ges. XIII : 499-533. Real, R, 1987. Contribution à la connaissance biologique de la haute chaîne jurassienne principalement du Crêt de la Neige. (Description of Microp- terix liogierella Real.) Mémoires du Comité de Liaison pour les Recher-
ches Ecofaunistiques dans le Jura 3(2) : 377-378. Real, P., 1988. Lépidoptères nouveaux, principalement Jurassiens. Mémoires du Comité de Liaison pour les Recherches Ecofaunistiques dans le Jura
4 : 1-28.
Sauter, W., 1983. Die Schmetterlinge der Schweiz. 8. Nachtrag : Microle-
pidopteren. Mitt. Schweiz, ent. Ges. 56 : 107-124. Vorbrodt, K., & Müller-Rutz, J., 1914. Die Schmetterlinge der Schweiz. Band IL 726 pp., Bern. Weber, R, 1945. Die Schmetterlinge der Schweiz. 7. Nachtrag, Mikrolepi-
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