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Anticipation of Artemia Sp. Supply in the Larviculture of the Barber Goby

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Anticipation of Artemia Sp. Supply in the Larviculture of the Barber Goby Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., 43(4): 792-797, Anticipation2015 of Artemia sp. supply in the larviculture of barber goby 792 1 DOI: 10.3856/vol43-issue4-fulltext-19 Short Communication Anticipation of Artemia sp. supply in the larviculture of the barber goby Elacatinus figaro (Gobiidae: Teleostei) influenced growth, metamorphosis and alkaline protease activity Maria Fernanda da Silva-Souza1, Juliet Kiyoko Sugai2 & Mônica Yumi Tsuzuki1 1Laboratório de Peixes e Ornamentais Marinhos (LAPOM), Departamento de Aquicultura Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina P.O. Box 476, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil 2Laboratório de Enzimologia Aplicada, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil Corresponding author: Mônica Yumi Tsuzuki ([email protected]) ABSTRACT. The barber goby Elacatinus figaro is considered endangered due to overexploitation by the ornamental industry. Farming marine ornamental fishes, especially the threatened ones, can be one of the measures to minimize the pressure on the natural stocks. Among the priority issues for their production is the determination of the most appropriate feeding management. The feeding protocol commonly used in the larviculture of barber goby, when the start of Artemia sp. offer occurred at the 18th DAH (days after hatching) (treatment T18), was modified, by anticipating brine shrimp supply in 6 days (treatment T12). Alkaline proteases activity, growth and metamorphosis of larvae were evaluated in both protocols. Juveniles at T12 showed higher weight (0.04 ± 0.001 g) and lower activity of total alkaline proteases (1.3 ± 0.2 mU mg-1 protein) compared to T18 (0.02 ± 0.001 g; 2.8 ± 0.4 mU mg-1 protein, respectively). With anticipation of brine shrimp, the commencing and end of larval transformation was observed earlier (at 24 and 34 DAH, respectively) in comparison to those with the supply of Artemia sp. at 18 DAH (27 and 41 DAH, respectively). Thus, the Artemia sp. anticipation was beneficial during the larviculture of the barber goby, considering that larvae reached metamorphosis earlier. Keywords: Elacatinus figaro, fish, ornamental, endangered, live food, feeding, aquaculture. La anticipación del suministro de Artemia sp. en la larvicultura del neón gobi Elacatinus figaro (Gobiidae: Teleostei) influenció el crecimiento, metamorfosis y actividad de proteasas alcalinas RESUMEN. El neón gobi, Elacatinus figaro, se considera en peligro de extinción debido a la sobreexplotación por la industria ornamental. El cultivo de peces ornamentales marinos, especialmente de las especies amenazadas, puede ser una de las medidas para minimizar la presión sobre las poblaciones naturales. Entre los temas prioritarios para su producción es la determinación de la estrategia de alimentación más adecuada. El protocolo de alimentación de uso común en la larvicultura del neón gobi, cuando se inicia el suministro de Artemia sp., que ocurre en el 18º DDH (días después de la eclosión) (tratamiento T18), fue modificado mediante la anticipación de suministro de este microcrustáceo branquiópodo en 6 días (tratamiento T12). La actividad de las proteasas alcalinas, crecimiento y metamorfosis de las larvas se evaluaron en ambos protocolos. Los juveniles en T12 mostraron mayor peso (0,04 ± 0,001 g) y la menor actividad del total de proteasas alcalinas (1,3 ± 0,2 mU mg-1 de proteína) en comparación con T18 (0,02 ± 0,001 g; 2,8 ± 0,4 mU mg-1 de proteína, respectivamente). Con la anticipación del suministro de Artemia sp. se observó que el principio y final de la transformación de las larvas fue más temprano (a los 24 y 34 DDH, respectivamente), en comparación con aquellos con el suministro de Artemia sp. en 18 DDH (27 y 41 DDH, respectivamente). Por lo tanto, la anticipación del ______________________ Corresponding editor: Mauricio Laterça 279 3 Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research suministro de Artemia sp. fue beneficiosa durante el cultivo larval del neón gobi, considerando que la metamorfosis de las larvas se alcanzó antes. Palabras clave: Elacatinus figaro, pez, ornamentales, amenazada, alimento vivo, alimentación, acuicultura. The barber goby, Elacatinus figaro, an endemic marine onset and end of metamorphosis (transformation from ornamental fish from Brazil (Carvalho-Filho, 1999) is larvae to juvenile) and activity of total alkaline of interest to the aquarium trade because of its small proteases of juveniles. size, coloration, active behavior and rusticity (Sazima The experiment was conducted at the Fish and et al., 2000). It is a cleaner fish (Sazima et al., 1996), Marine Ornamentals Laboratory (LAPOM), Federal removing ectoparasites, dead tissue, mucus and scales University of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Two couples of from the body of other fish and invertebrates (Johnson, wild Elacatinus figaro breeders, captured from the state 1982; Losey, 1987; DeLoach, 1999). This cleaning of Espírito Santo/Brazil with permission for activities behavior is considered of fundamental importance for with scientific purposes from SISBIO/ICMBio the maintenance of the equilibrium and health of fish in (Number: 22051-2) were used to obtain natural reef ecosystems (DeLoach, 1999) and in reef spawning. aquariums. Breeders were maintained as described by Meirelles Due to an intensive harvest during the past years to et al. (2009). The photoperiod used was 14 h light and the aquarium trade (Gasparini et al., 2005), E. figaro 10 h dark. Breeders were fed to apparent satiation twice has been included in the list of endangered species, and a day (morning and afternoon) with a varied diet its capture and trade is prohibited by the Brazilian consisting of commercial diets for marine ornamental Ministry of Environment (Normative Instruction fish MarineTetra and TetraVeggie (TETRA, Melle, Number 5 of 21 May 2004), Ministério do Meio Osnabrück, Germany), marine fish weaning diet NRD Ambiente, (Brasil, 2004). (INVE Technologies, Belgium), Artemia sp., enriched with commercial emulsion of fatty acids (DHA Selco- Farming marine ornamental fishes, especially the INVE Technologies, Dendermonde, Belgium), as well threatened ones, can be one of the measures to as shellfish, squid, chopped fresh fish and shrimp. minimize the pressure on the natural stocks. Among the Tanks were daily cleaned to remove uneaten food and priority issues for the production of these fishes are the feces. knowledge of the nutritional requirements and the Every day, the PVC pipe used as substrate for determination of the most appropriate feeding mana- spawning of each couple was observed, and so the day gement (Pezzato, 1997; Avella et al., 2007). Since food before hatching was calculated in order to transfer the is the source of energy and nutrients for larval growth eggs to 40 L hatching/larviculture tanks with the same and development, the feeding protocol has a strong physical and chemical water conditions of the parental influence on the development, digestive and tanks. assimilation potential of nutrients in fish larvae To verify if the anticipation of the brine shrimp, (Guerreiro et al., 2010). According to preliminary Artemia sp., supply in the barber goby larviculture studies with the barber goby, the early supply of either would affect growth and day of metamorphosis of an inadequate or an appropriate live food can alter larvae, two different feeding protocols (treatments) digestion and food utilization, affecting larval survival (Fig. 1) were performed in triplicate: T18-Standard and growth (Côrtes, 2009). feeding protocol, when the start of the brine shrimp In aquaculture, the identification, quantification, offer occurs at the 18th DAH (days after hatching) and evaluation of the changes in the profile of the (Côrtes, 2009; Meirelles et al., 2009); T12-Antici- activity of digestive enzymes are needed to establish pation of the brine shrimp supply in 6 days (12th DAH) the most appropriate moment to conduct the dietary from the standard feeding protocol. transition and to assist in choosing appropriate After hatching, larvae were kept at the hatching tank ingredients and developing suitable food strategies in at a density of 5 larvae L-1, with microalgae the larviculture and grow out, based on the digestive Nannochloropsis oculata (0.5-1.0 x106 cells mL-1 of capacity of fish (Kuz’mina, 1996; Galvão et al., 1997; water) and rotifers Brachionus sp., until the start of Fernández et al., 2001; Cara et al., 2002). Artemia sp. supply, either at 12 DAH or 18 DAH. In the present study, the feeding protocol commonly After hatching, larvae were reared in aquariums at a used in the larviculture of this species was modified by density of 5 larvae L-1, with microalgae Nanno- anticipating the Artemia sp. supply in order to evaluate chloropsis oculata at a concentration of 0.5-1.0x106 if this anticipation would affect growth as wet weight, cells mL-1 of water, for maintenance of rotifers. Anticipation of Artemia sp. supply in the larviculture of barber goby 79 34 Figure 1. Dietary protocol of barber goby with Artemia sp. supply at 12 (T12) and 18 DAH (T18). Rotifers Brachionus sp. (lorica length ranging from activity of total alkaline proteases. In order to obtain the 100 to 180 µm) and Artemia sp. nauplii and meta- homogenates for the enzymatic determination, the tail nauplii were used as live food. Rotifers were cultured and the head were despised and a “pool” of 10 juveniles at a salinity of 25 g L-1, 26ºC, with microalgae
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