Bark's 100 Best & Brightest
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BARK’S 100: The best and brightes t During the past 25 years, there have been amazing advancements in the dog world. To commemorate them, we set out to find the people behind these accomplishments— the innovators, thinkers and achievers who relished challenges and whose creativity, compassion and commitment helped reshape the world of dogs and our understanding of it. Without further ado, we present our Honorees: The Bark’s 100 Best & Brightest. Fe b/Mar 2010 Bark 49 BARK 100 MENTORS Teachers on a grand scale, our mentors guide, support and generously share their knowledge. Where would we mentees be without them? B+B The gospel of Jean Donaldso n— The public gleans practical cheerful training with wisdom from animal behav - profuse praise and gentle iorist Nicholas Dodman correction—has happily through his bestselling books, including The Dog Who Loved permeated the world of Too Much . But his fellow co-pilots like water on vet erinarians look to him as a sponge, thanks to her well. The founder and director bestselling books, of Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine’s including Culture Clash , Animal Behavior Clinic, one Dogs Are from Neptune of the first of its kind in and Oh Behave! , 1986, Dr. Dodman works on and the Academy for Dog the frontier of behavioral pharmacology—conducting Trainer s— sometimes groundbreaking studies on called Harvard for dog the use of medication to trainers—that she founded tackle knotty behavioral challenges, such as canine and directed for a decade. compulsive disorders. Patricia McConnell predicting their future behav - combines her love for dogs ior. She has always valued with a well-grounded scien - understanding people and tific understanding of them. dogs in order to improve the For decades, she has spoken relationships between them; and written about the Trisha truly likes people as ethological aspects of canine much as she likes dogs, and is behavior and the importance respectful and kind to mem - of applying that scholarship bers of both species. Despite to practical work that helps charges of anthropomorphiz - both dogs and people. She ing, she maintains that dogs’ brought a vast knowledge emotions are important and s e n o J of canine visual signals to a can be studied. By discussing a d n generation of dog trainers the natural behavior of both a m A and other professionals, and canines and humans, she has : m o t t was the first to teach about helped dog lovers be closer to o B ; e c the signals’ importance for their animal companions and i R - h t reading dogs, understanding communicate more effectively e e r F their emotional states and with them. y m A : —Karen B. London p o T 50 Bark Fe b/Mar 2010 Ian Dunbar ’s ideas about Karen Pryor ’s impact on dog training—that it should dog nation has a soundtrack be a fun bonding experience —or rather, a sound: click! —have become so central to A pioneer of positive rein - the practice, it would be easy forcement training (inspired to forget someone (Dunbar!) by the operant conditioning got us thinking this way in she mastered working with the first place. Advocating a dolphins in the 1960s), Pryor hands-off, reward-based is the founder and leading approach at his Sirius Dog proponent of clicker training. Training centers, the behav ior - Today, marking desired ist and vet first promulgated behavior with a noisy click the now-accepted-as-gospel (and a treat) isn’t limited to notion that teaching good the dog world—the sharp behavior to puppies before six snaps regularly ricochet off months of age, using positive zoo enclosures, out in pas - reinforcement, prevents most tures with livestock and even future problem behaviors. in gyms, signaling “well- done” to human athletes. Training methods using Couldn’t survive without a rewards and a whistle or a Gentle Leader? Gratitude click—more formally known goes to R.K. Anderson . as operant conditioning and The multi-laurelled, multi- bridging stimulus—have degreed veterinarian, epidemi - become so ubiquitous that ologist, behaviorist, researcher most of us take them for and professor co-invented the granted. We tip our cap to tried-and-true headcollar as the late Marian Breland part of his mission to gently Bailey , who (along with and humanely prevent behav - Keller Breland and ior problems that land dogs Bob Bailey ) developed and cats in shelters by the these humane approaches millions. Dr. Anderson is also and taught them to others “Whilst the dog is still a puppy, it is far a main mover behind the for more than 60 years; easier to convince him to join the Animal Behavior Resources thousands sharpened up Institute, a free, collaborative their skills and became better team so that he enjoys life with us. educational resource with trainers at the Baileys’ oper - —Ian Dunbar ” expert videos, podcasts and ant-conditioning workshops, articles for professionals and a.k.a. “chicken camps.” their clients. Fe b/Mar 2010 Bark 51 For more than two decades, Robert K. Wayne has but certainly not much after 40,000 years ago in multiple used the powerful tools of genetic analysis to revise and, locations. The dates are still controversial, and others have in some cases, redraw the evolutionary history and rela - been proposed, but odds are that the final number will be tionships of the family Canidae. In constructing that close to that put forth by Dr. Wayne and Dr. Vilà. With evolutionary tree (or phylogeny), Dr. Wayne, a professor graduate student Jennifer Leonard, Dr. Wayne also showed of evolutionary biology at UCLA, his students and post - that dogs were not domesticated in the New World inde - doctoral fellows have documented the monumental loss pendently; rather, they appear to have arrived with the ear - of diversity the gray wolf eradication programs of the liest people crossing the Bering Land Bridge. More recently, past three centuries have wrought here and in Europe. he has worked with Elaine Ostrander and Heidi Parker at In the early 1990s, Dr. Wayne used mitochondrial DNA the National Institutes of Health to complete a new breed to clinch the case for the gray wolf as the wild progenitor phylogeny, showing interrelationships among breeds and of the dog, laying to rest that “southern,” or pariah, dogs pointing to the Middle East as a center of early separation were descended from jackals, while “northern,” wolf-like of wolf from dog. breeds came from gray wolves. In conducting his groundbreaking research, Dr. Wayne A few years later, Dr. Wayne and Carles Vilà, a postdoc - has also trained many of the people studying the genetics toral fellow, proposed that dog and wolf started down their of canid evolution and has been consistently generous in separate evolutionary roads as long ago as 135,000 years, assigning credit where it is due. —Mark Derr BARK 100 DETECTIVES In academia or in the field, these scientists and researchers work to unlock the mysteries of the canine genome and pin down the history of domestication. B+B Mark Neff , a professor at the University of California, Davis, participated in the Dog Genome Project at UC Berkeley as a postdoctoral fellow. More recently, he has been working to locate the genes that cause a variety of Geneticist Jasper Rine and genetic disorders in domestic his Dog Genome Project dogs. Among his research results is the identification of While at London’s Natural James Serpell , director collaborators began with a the gene that causes dwarfism History Museum, Juliet of the University of Penn - theory that it was possible to in several breeds, and his Clutton-Brock penned sylvania’s Center for the map the chromosomes of findings continue to inform many definitive texts on the Interaction of Animals and the domestic dog and veterinary medicine about archaeology of animal Society, is currently involved the inheritance of many domestication, including in researching the relation - thereby discover the genetic canine diseases. A Natural History of Dom - ships between domestic basis of mammalian devel - esticated Mammals . In her animals—especially dogs— opment and behavior. In his On the trail of human work, Clutton- Brock illumi - and people. He has also early research on purebred and canine cancer, nates our tangled history traced the natural history of Elaine Ostrander and with dogs (among others), the human-animal bond, dog behaviors, he crossed a her group map the genes establishing a baseline for including the processes by Newfoundland with a Border responsible for cancer sus - understanding the reasons, which various species have Collie, two distinct breeds ceptibility in both. Earlier, biological and behavioral been domesticated. with very different breed as part of the Dog Genome impacts, and unexpected con - Project, she searched for the sequences of domestication. Stanley Olsen , a pioneer typical behaviors, and then genetic markers that make in the discipline of zooar - bred the offspring to see up the concept of a “breed,” L. David Mech , founder of chaeology, was among the how these various behaviors and found that genotyping the International Wolf Center first to search for the origins were inherited. could be used to assign 99 and chair of the IUCN Wolf of the domestic dog; his work percent of individual dogs to Specialist Group, has studied laid the foundation for later their correct breeds. wolves and their prey since studies that significantly 1958. His is among the foun - pushed back his original Kerstin Lindblad-Toh , dation work on canines wild 8,000 year date. co-director of the Genome and domestic. Sequencing and Analysis Program at the Broad Institute, maps genes ) e t i associated with cancer and s o p p autoimmune diseases in o ( t t e dogs.